WO2004088695A1 - Dispositif permettant d'etablir et de couper le contact electrique entre au moins deux electrodes - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant d'etablir et de couper le contact electrique entre au moins deux electrodes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004088695A1
WO2004088695A1 PCT/SE2004/000493 SE2004000493W WO2004088695A1 WO 2004088695 A1 WO2004088695 A1 WO 2004088695A1 SE 2004000493 W SE2004000493 W SE 2004000493W WO 2004088695 A1 WO2004088695 A1 WO 2004088695A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
nanostructures
magnetic field
electrodes
conducting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2004/000493
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Isberg
Tobias WIKSTRÖM
Erik Johansson
Sylva Arnell
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd. filed Critical Abb Research Ltd.
Publication of WO2004088695A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004088695A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/0036—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity
    • H01F1/0045—Zero dimensional, e.g. nanoparticles, soft nanoparticles for medical/biological use
    • H01F1/0054—Coated nanoparticles, e.g. nanoparticles coated with organic surfactant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/0036—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity
    • H01F1/0072—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity one dimensional, i.e. linear or dendritic nanostructures
    • H01F1/0081—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties showing low dimensional magnetism, i.e. spin rearrangements due to a restriction of dimensions, e.g. showing giant magnetoresistivity one dimensional, i.e. linear or dendritic nanostructures in a non-magnetic matrix, e.g. Fe-nanowires in a nanoporous membrane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H01F1/442—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids the magnetic component being a metal or alloy, e.g. Fe
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H01F1/445—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids the magnetic component being a compound, e.g. Fe3O4
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0094—Switches making use of nanoelectromechanical systems [NEMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch
    • H01R13/703—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part
    • H01R13/7036—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part the switch being in series with coupling part, e.g. dead coupling, explosion proof coupling
    • H01R13/7037—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch operated by engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. dual-continuity coupling part the switch being in series with coupling part, e.g. dead coupling, explosion proof coupling making use of a magnetically operated switch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for making or breaking electric contact between at least two electrodes.
  • An ideal electrical switch or circuit breaker would be one having zero resistance when making electrical contact between two electrodes and having an infinite resistance when breaking contact. It would change from its conducting to non-conducting position instantaneously and would be able to handle large currents when conducting and withstand large voltages when not conducting.
  • circuit breakers consist of a switch mechanically connected to an electromagnetic circuit. These switches have very favourable resistance characteristics but are relatively slow to operate; they are subject to wear and prone to arcing problems particularly when used in high voltage applications. More advanced circuit breakers include a semiconductor device such as a MOSFET, thyristor or IGBT. Semiconductor switches are fast acting but they are expensive, have relatively large on-state losses and need to be cooled during use.
  • a device namely a device comprising magnetic nanostructures dispersed in a dielectric liquid contained between said at least two electrodes.
  • the device also comprises a first controllable magnetic field means, comprising a permanent magnet, a coil or an electromagnet for example, to control the movement of the magnetic nanostructures.
  • the first controllable magnetic field means are arranged so as to align the magnetic nanostructures into conducting paths between the electrodes when the device is in conducting position.
  • Each magnetic nanostructure magnetized in single domain state or magnetized in an external field behaves like a magnetic dipole comparable to a tiny permanent rod magnet having a magnetic north and south pole.
  • the direction of the magnetisation in the particle is determined by the interaction between the shape and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the nanostructure and the magnitude of the external magnetic field.
  • the device comprises draining means that drain the liquid containing the nanostructures from between the said at least two electrodes.
  • the gap between the electrodes may then be filled with dielectric fluid.
  • multi-domain nanostructures are used which enclose the magnetic field generated by the nanostructure within the particle when the external field is de-energized.
  • the device comprises a second controllable magnetic field means to control the movement of the magnetic nanostructures.
  • the first controllable magnetic field means are activated when the device is in its conducting position and the second controllable magnetic field means are activated when the device is in its non-conducting position.
  • the same means provide both the first and second magnetic fields i.e. a permanent magnet providing a first magnetic field is rotated to provide the second magnetic field for example.
  • the magnetic field provided to manipulate the nanostructures in the dielectric liquid does not decay entirely when the controllable magnetic field means are de-energized.
  • a magnetic induction i.e. remanence
  • part of the remaining remanence can be removed, which aids the displacement of the magnetic particles out of the conducting paths.
  • Another way to displace the magnetic particles is to heat the particles above their Curie temperature so that the magnetic interaction disappears, which aids the displacement of the magnetic particles out of the conducting paths. In a preferred embodiment of the invention this is achieved using a radio frequency field.
  • nanostructures includes all structures having a diameter in the range 0.1 to 100 nm or larger, up to tens of ⁇ m however the structures must be small enough to avoid sedimentation due to gravitation when submersed in the dielectric liquid.
  • Such nanostructures can be synthesized by chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, electrolysis, sol-gel technology or by a reverse micelle colloidal reaction.
  • the magnetic nanostructures comprise at least one constituent of the following: nanoparticles, whiskers, open or closed single- or multi-wall nanotubes, fullerenes, nanospheres, nanocrystals, nanorods, nanorope, nanostrings, nanoribbons, nanowires, nanoropes, nanoribbons or nanofibres.
  • the magnetic nanostructures comprise at least one of the following, a ferromagnetic material such as a metal like nickel, iron, cobalt, a rare earth metal such as neodymium or samarium or a magnetic metal oxide, nitride, carbide or boride.
  • the magnetic nanostructures comprise a superparamagnetic material such as Pd-Ni nanostructures, magnetic spinel particles of ⁇ -Fe 2 0 3 , Fe 3 0 4 and CoFe 2 0 4 .
  • materials that are normally ferromagnetic are transformed into a superparamagnetic state by utilising a particular temperature and/or reducing their size.
  • carbon nanotubes are filled with ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnetic particles are chemically or physically bonded to the ends of the tube, to aid the tube's alignment in an external magnetic field and also to function as electrical contacts to the tube.
  • Ferromagnetic materials heated above their Curie temperature lose their ferromagnetic behaviour and become paramagnetic.
  • Pure bulk iron for example is ferromagnetic up to 768°C. Above this temperature iron exhibits only a week magnetisation. This means that if the nanostructures are subjected to a temperature higher than their Curie temperature, due to excess current for example, the magnetic nanostructures lose their ferromagnetic behaviour and move out of the conducting paths. Since the size of the nanostructures directly influences their Curie temperature, sub- micro to nanometers diameter nanostructures having a significantly lower Curie temperature, the Curie temperature may be tuned to the desired temperature by choosing the corresponding size of nanostructure.
  • the device acts as a fuse when the current reaches unsafe levels.
  • most fuses work only once as they disintegrate when they are heated above a certain level.
  • magnetic material such as iron is enclosed inside carbon nanotubes or chemically or physically bonded to at least one end of the carbon nanotubes. If excess current heats up the magnetic material inside or attached to the carbon nanotubes above its Curie temperature the nanotubes will move out of the conducting paths and electric contact will be broken between the electrodes. However once the magnetic material cools down the nanotubes containing said material are ready for use again. Even if the excess current causes the magnetic material contained in the carbon nanotubes to melt, once the magnetic material has re-solidified, the device is ready for use again.
  • the magnetic nanostructures comprise an electrically conducting coating such as gold or another metal, an oxide, a bromide, a nitride, a carbide, an organic coating or a polymer.
  • the nanostructures comprise an oxidation resistant coating.
  • the magnetic nanostructures are at least partly coated with a surfactant or dispersing agent, to help the nanostructures defy the force of gravity and prevent spontaneous agglomeration of nanostructures and thus promotes the formation of a stable colloid.
  • the liquid comprises additives to protect the nanostructures from degradation by oxidation for example.
  • the liquid comprises additives to prevent discharges between the conducting electrodes when contact between the electrodes has been broken.
  • the dielectric liquid comprises at least one of the following: water, an acid or base, silicone or liquid in a gel state, a liquid hydrocarbon, liquefied gas or an oil such as transformer oil.
  • the viscosity of the dielectric liquid must be chosen so as to allow the nanostructures to be manipulated into conducting paths immediately on application of a magnetic field and to break up these conducting paths as soon as the magnetic field is de-activated or withdrawn.
  • the device according to any of the embodiments described above is suitable for use in a circuit breaker, a surge diverter, an electronic or electrical switch, or in an electric motor for example to a replace commutator brush, in either high or low voltage applications.
  • figure 1 depicts anisotropic magnetic nanostructures under the influence of a magnetic field.
  • figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in its conducting position
  • figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in its non-conducting position.
  • Figure 1 shows anisotropic magnetic nanostructures 1 , for example cobalt nano-rods having a length of about 70nm and a diameter of about 4nm, which are aligned in parallel chains 2.
  • the nanostructures assemble into these chains under the influence of a magnetic field, H.
  • a magnetic field H.
  • poles 3 of the nanostructures' magnetic dipoles attract and like poles 4 repel forming substantially parallel continuous chains that are capable of conducting an electric current. It is possible that conducting paths may form between the substantially parallel continuous chains due to the attraction of unlike poles in different chains however this will not adversely affect the conductivity of the nanostructures between the electrodes.
  • Figure 2 shows a device for making or breaking contact between two electrodes 5 in its conducting position.
  • the electrodes are attached to external conductors 6.
  • the electrodes 5 are separated by a gap filled with a low viscosity dielectric liquid 7 contained in an electrically insulating chamber 8.
  • the dielectric fluid contains magnetic nanostructures, such as nickel whiskers.
  • the nanostructures Under the influence of a magnetic field, H, the nanostructures are manipulated into conducting paths 2 so that current can flow between the two electrodes.
  • Two current-carrying coils, 9 and 10, energized by a DC power source for example, are arranged adjacent to the chamber to create a magnetic field in the chamber when energized. Alternatively the coils are incorporated into the electrically insulating chamber walls 8.
  • the device comprises a second pair of coils, 11 and 12, that are de-energized while the device is in its conducting position.
  • Figure 3 shows the same device in its non-conducting position.
  • coils 9 and 10 are de-energized and coils 11 and 12 are energized.
  • the magnetic field supplied by coils 11 and 12 manipulate the magnetic nanostructures into paths that are substantially parallel to the electrode plates 5. No current is therefore conducted between the electrodes.
  • controllable magnetic field means need not be supplied by current- carrying coils as in this example.
  • Movable permanent magnets may be used with mechanical means to move the magnets towards and away from the dielectric liquid housing in order to apply and withdraw a magnetic field.
  • the device could be used to make or break contact between several electrodes connected in series or in parallel simultaneously or a chamber containing magnetic nanostructures suspended in a dielectric liquid could be divided into several zones to make or break contact between pairs of electrodes located in each zone independently of electrodes in other zones.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'établir et/ou de couper le contact électrique entre au moins deux électrodes (5). Ce dispositif comprend des nanostructures magnétiques (1) dispersées dans un liquide diélectrique (7) entre la ou les électrodes (5) et un premier moyen de champ magnétique controlâble (9, 10) permettant de commander le déplacement de la nanostructure magnétique (1).
PCT/SE2004/000493 2003-04-02 2004-03-31 Dispositif permettant d'etablir et de couper le contact electrique entre au moins deux electrodes WO2004088695A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0300991A SE0300991L (sv) 2003-04-02 2003-04-02 Anordning
SE0300991-7 2003-04-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004088695A1 true WO2004088695A1 (fr) 2004-10-14

Family

ID=20290930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2004/000493 WO2004088695A1 (fr) 2003-04-02 2004-03-31 Dispositif permettant d'etablir et de couper le contact electrique entre au moins deux electrodes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE0300991L (fr)
WO (1) WO2004088695A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2942846A1 (fr) 2014-05-07 2015-11-11 ABB Technology Ltd Dispositif électrique avec pièces de contact à faible frottement
WO2020120913A1 (fr) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées Procédé de fabrication d'un aimant permanent ou doux
CN111564335A (zh) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-21 汕头大学 基于非磁颗粒在磁流体中自组装现象的非接触式磁控开关

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4624798A (en) * 1984-05-21 1986-11-25 Carolina Solvents, Inc. Electrically conductive magnetic microballoons and compositions incorporating same
WO2003016209A1 (fr) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-27 Nanocluster Devices Ltd. Dispositifs electroniques nanometriques et procedes de fabrication correspondants

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4624798A (en) * 1984-05-21 1986-11-25 Carolina Solvents, Inc. Electrically conductive magnetic microballoons and compositions incorporating same
WO2003016209A1 (fr) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-27 Nanocluster Devices Ltd. Dispositifs electroniques nanometriques et procedes de fabrication correspondants

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2942846A1 (fr) 2014-05-07 2015-11-11 ABB Technology Ltd Dispositif électrique avec pièces de contact à faible frottement
WO2015169622A1 (fr) * 2014-05-07 2015-11-12 Abb Technology Ltd Dispositif électrique à pièces de contact à faible frottement
CN106463225A (zh) * 2014-05-07 2017-02-22 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 具有低摩擦接触部件的电气设备
US9660405B2 (en) 2014-05-07 2017-05-23 Abb Schweiz Ag Electrical device with low friction contact parts
CN106463225B (zh) * 2014-05-07 2018-06-26 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 具有低摩擦接触部件的电气设备
WO2020120913A1 (fr) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées Procédé de fabrication d'un aimant permanent ou doux
FR3090184A1 (fr) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-19 Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées Procédé de fabrication d’un aimant permanent
JP2022513758A (ja) * 2018-12-14 2022-02-09 アンスティテュート ナショナル デ サイエンス アプリーク ド トゥールーズ（アイエヌエスエーティー） 永久又は軟磁石の製造方法
JP7436483B2 (ja) 2018-12-14 2024-02-21 アンスティテュート ナショナル デ サイエンス アプリーク ド トゥールーズ（アイエヌエスエーティー） 永久又は軟磁石の製造方法
US12046398B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2024-07-23 Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées Method for producing a permanent or soft magnet
CN111564335A (zh) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-21 汕头大学 基于非磁颗粒在磁流体中自组装现象的非接触式磁控开关

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0300991D0 (sv) 2003-04-02
SE0300991L (sv) 2004-10-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Cao et al. Ferromagnetic liquid metal putty‐like material with transformed shape and reconfigurable polarity
EP1093141B1 (fr) MEMS micro-relais de mémoire non volatile utilisant un actionneur magnétique
CN101253593A (zh) 机电式可锁定型继电器及其使用方法
JP6311487B2 (ja) 熱電変換構造およびその製造方法
CN102246250A (zh) 具有灭弧磁体的触头桥
US7422709B2 (en) Electromagnetic rheological (EMR) fluid and method for using the EMR fluid
US9660405B2 (en) Electrical device with low friction contact parts
US20140145804A1 (en) Magnetic relay device made using mems or nems technology
WO2004088695A1 (fr) Dispositif permettant d'etablir et de couper le contact electrique entre au moins deux electrodes
JP7221655B2 (ja) ダブルブレーカスイッチ
KR200257978Y1 (ko) 래치형 dc콘텍타 릴레이
US3626124A (en) Arc and spark extinguishing contacts utilizing single domain magnetic particles
JP5476560B2 (ja) 導電性ナノワイヤによる磁気スイッチング素子
US3768051A (en) Magneto-motive bistable switching devices
WO1999067866A1 (fr) Dispositifs electriques de commande
CN205959905U (zh) 新型平衡力式磁保持接触器
KR101908115B1 (ko) 전자펌프
CN100411076C (zh) 电接点装置
US3789333A (en) Magneto-motive bistable switching devices
Hase et al. Development of novel method to create three-dimensional arrangements of particles using dielectrophoresis in artificially nonuniform electric field
EP4342719A1 (fr) Contacteur pour véhicule, système de charge et de distribution de puissance de véhicule , borne de charge et véhicule
CN209747360U (zh) 电气开关装置及电气设备
US20080085834A1 (en) Superconductive circuits with efficient method
CN106206174B (zh) 平衡力式磁保持接触器
US846340A (en) Electric switch mechanism.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase