WO2004086571A1 - Commutateur - Google Patents

Commutateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004086571A1
WO2004086571A1 PCT/IB2004/000823 IB2004000823W WO2004086571A1 WO 2004086571 A1 WO2004086571 A1 WO 2004086571A1 IB 2004000823 W IB2004000823 W IB 2004000823W WO 2004086571 A1 WO2004086571 A1 WO 2004086571A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
commutation
members
conductive
outer circumferential
winding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2004/000823
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004086571B1 (fr
Inventor
Tony Elijah Muldowney-Colston
Thomas Mahon Shaw
Original Assignee
Dolphin Electric Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0306598A external-priority patent/GB0306598D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0306901A external-priority patent/GB0306901D0/en
Application filed by Dolphin Electric Holdings Inc filed Critical Dolphin Electric Holdings Inc
Publication of WO2004086571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004086571A1/fr
Publication of WO2004086571B1 publication Critical patent/WO2004086571B1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04—Commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/28—Roller contacts; Ball contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to commutators, that is to say mechanisms by which the direction of a DC electric current flowing through a coil is reversed back and forth to facilitate rotation in an electric motor. It relates specifically to commutators used in multiphase permanent magnet electric motors.
  • Multiphase permanent magnet brushless motors are extremely versatile and efficient machines offering superior control and efficiency compared with AC synchronous and PM DC motors in many different applications.
  • end users require the compactness, high efficiency and long life of a brushless motor but without the level of controllability offered with brushless motors.
  • a device for mounting on a shaft of a rotating electrical machine and allowing current from an electrical supply through a winding of the machine, including: a pair of complementary opposed and electrically isolated commutation elements, each element including a rotary contact member for mounting on the shaft and having a conductive outer circumferential surface, and at least one commutation member extending axially from the rotary contact member and having a conductive surface electrically connected to the conductive outer circumferential surface, a first contact members communicating with the conductive outer circumferential surfaces, and a second contact members alternately communicating with the conductive surfaces of the commutation members for allowing current through the winding and reversing the current direction at regularly recurring intervals.
  • a device for mounting on a shaft of a rotating electrical machine and allowing current from an electrical supply through a winding of the machine, including: a first rotary contact member for mounting on the shaft and having a first conductive outer circumferential surface, a second rotary contact member for mounting on the shaft and having a second conductive outer circumferential surface, a first commutation member having a conductive surface electrically connected to the first conductive outer circumferential surface, a second commutation member having a conductive surface electrically connected to the second conductive outer circumferential surface, first contact members communicating with the first and second conductive outer circumferential surfaces, and second contact members alternately communicating with the conductive surfaces of the commutation members for allowing current through the winding and reversing the current direction at regularly recurring intervals .
  • the circumferential position of the first and second commutation members and the second contact members are so aligned that current-inducing effects of a magnetic field on the winding are at or near a minimum when the current direction is reversed.
  • the first and second rotary contact members are generally annular or disk shaped with the commutation members projecting axially from the outer circumferential surfaces .
  • the contact members are brushes slidably communicating with the conductive surfaces.
  • the contact members are rolling contacts.
  • insulating material is interposed at circumferential positions between the commutation members and has an outer circumferential surface coincident with the conductive surface of the commutation members.
  • a neutral member of non-conducting material with a surface material identical to the conductive surface of the commutation members is interposed at circumferential positions between the commutation members and has an outer circumferential surface coincident with the conductive surface of the commutation members.
  • a commutation device including: a pair of commutation elements for mounting on a shaft of a rotating electrical machine, each element including a slip ring and at least one commutation electrically connected to the slip ring, a first contacts communicating with the slip ring, and a second contacts alternately communicating with the commutation members for allowing current through the winding and reversing the current direction at regularly recurring intervals.
  • a rotating electrical machine comprising: a housing; a shaft mounted rotatably within the housing; a rotor fixed to the shaft and providing a magnetic field; a stator positioned about the rotor within the housing and having a winding; a pair commutation elements for allowing current from an electrical supply through the winding, each element including a slip ring and at least one commutation member electrically connected to the slip ring, first contact members for connecting to the electrical supply and communicating with the slip rings, and second contact members for connecting with the winding and alternately communicating with the commutation members for allowing current through the winding and reversing the current direction at regularly recurring intervals.
  • the circumferential position of the first and second commutation members and the second contact members are so aligned that the conduction periods of the three phases are symmetrically phased so as to produce a three- phase set of balanced 120 electrical degree current square waves and said conduction midpoints of the current square waves are synchronised with the midpoints of rotor field induced emfs of the same phase in the three phase stator windings. This minimizes sparking at the point of commutation.
  • Figure 1 is perspective, plan and elevation views of a commutation device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a rolling contact
  • Figure 3 is a second perspective view of the commutation device
  • Figure 4 is a section view of the commutation device
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the commutation device
  • Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a commutation device according to the invention.
  • the basic commutator device for a rotating electrical machine comprises: two complementary opposed and electrically isolated commutation elements 1, an insulating member 2 located between the commutation elements, three minor contacts members/brushes 4 (one for each of three windings) , two major contacts/brushes 3 (one for each terminal of the supply i.e. +/-) , and a contact housing (not sketched and probably comprising several parts) .
  • Figure 1 illustrates a commutation device for a 4-pole rotating electrical machine.
  • the device commutates the phases assuming 120 electrical degrees on time (60 mech. degrees) and 60 electrical degrees off time (30 mech degrees) .
  • 120 electrical degrees on time 120 mech. degrees
  • 60 electrical degrees off time 60 mech degrees
  • Each commutation elements 1 comprises an annulus or disc shaped rotary contact member with a conductive outer circumferential surface with two diametrically opposed commutation members 5 projecting axially from proximate the outer circumferential surface of the rotary contact member.
  • Each diametrically opposed commutation member 5 spans 60 circumferential degree (for a 2 -pole motor one 120 degree axial extrusion) .
  • the commutation members 5 have a conductive outer surface of that is coincident with and electrically connected to conductive outer circumferential surface .
  • the two commutation elements are arranged facing each other and displaced angularly by 90 degrees (for a 2 -pole motor, 180 degrees) and axially by a few millimeters.
  • the airspace between the plates dictates the geometry of the insulating piece 2.
  • the outside diameter of the insulator 2 is flush with the outside diameter of the commutation members.
  • the three minor contacts 4 are positioned such that they make alternating sliding contact on the outer circumferential surface of the commutation members.
  • the contacts are circumferentially displaced from each other by 120 mech. degrees and are connected to each of the three phase supply connections.
  • the two major contacts 3 are positioned such that they make sliding contact on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary contact member. These make up the supply connections to the machine winding.
  • one of the rotary contact members 1 is always positive and the other is always negative.
  • the phase contacts 4 switch connection between the commutation members as the commutation device rotates. And each phase does so 120 electrical degrees away from the other two phases . Current passes through the winding and the current direction is reversed at regularly recurring intervals.
  • Rolling contacts offer the advantage of longer lifespan than conventional carbon brushes, but the fact that a rolling connector can only make a line contact with the outside diameter of the commutator discs (1) limits its application to low voltage, low power applications.
  • the commutator and brushes can be housed in a cartridge which is easily assembled onto the shaft and affixed to the exterior face of the motor enabling easy maintenance without disassembling the motor.
  • the commutator is external to the motor and outside the bearing landings the commutator does not impose a restriction on the minimum rotor diameter.
  • the windings are on the stator enabling increased space utilisation and improved efficiency.
  • the commutator does not require a large number of segments for smooth operation, which leads to increased brush life and lower RF noise.
  • Speed control of the motor can be effected by simple changes in the supply voltage, whereas conventional brushless motors, as do AC motors, require speed control by changes in the frequency of the supply current. This significantly reduces cost in applications where precise speed control is not of paramount importance .
  • the circumferential position of the first and second commutation members 5 and the second contact members 4 are so aligned that the conduction periods of the three phases are symmetrically phased so as to produce a three- phase set of balanced 120 electrical degree current square waves and said conduction midpoints of the current square waves are synchronised with the midpoints of rotor field induced emfs of the same phase in the three phase stator windings. This minimizes sparking at the point of commutation.
  • a neutral member 2 of non-conducting material with a surface material identical to the conductive surface of the commutation members 5 is interposed at circumferential positions between the commutation members 5 and has an outer circumferential surface coincident with the conductive surface of the commutation members 5.
  • the contacts can all be considered to be slip rings, which have a greatly increased brush life compared to a standard brush/commutator arrangement.
  • the brush commutated multiphase PM motor offers the low cost, simple control of the DC commutator motor with the high efficiency operation and compact rotor of the brushless DC motor.
  • a neutral member 2 of non-conducting material with a surface material identical to the conductive surface of the commutation members is interposed at circumferential positions between the commutation members and has an outer circumferential surface coincident with the conductive surface of the commutation members 5.
  • This means that the neutral member 2 will wear at the same rate as the outer surface of commutation members 5 reducing maintenance requirements and prolonging life.
  • the outer circumferential surfaces of neutral member 2 are isolated from the commutation elements 1.
  • the spacer 7 provides contact surfaces to define the angular displacement between the commutation members 5 and the surfaces of insulating member 2.
  • the shaft sleeve 6 provides the concentricity with the motor shaft and shoulders to define axial displacement between components.
  • the shaft sleeve 6 is blind i.e. the central bore does not go all the way through so that the shaft sleeve can be accurately placed (axially) on the motor shaft.
  • the assembly is held together with Peek (a plastic) screws 8. Alternatively, the assembly is bonded together.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif dEcrit se montant sur un arbre d'une machine Electrique tournante et permettant le passage du courant, provenant d'une alimentation Electrique, dans un bobinage du moteur comporte une paire d'ElEments de commutation Electriquement isolEs. Chaque ElEment comprend un organe de contact rotatif possEdant une surface circonfErentielle extErieure conductrice, et au moins un organe de commutation solidaire de cet organe de contact rotatif. L'organe de commutation prEsente une surface conductrice reliEe Electriquement A la surface extErieure conductrice de l'organe de contact rotatif. Une premiEre paire d'organes de contact se raccorde A l'alimentation Electrique et communique avec les surfaces extErieures conductrices de l'organe de contact rotatif. Une deuxiEme paire d'organes de contact se raccorde au bobinage et communique en alternance avec les surfaces conductrices des organes de commutation pour permettre le passage du courant dans le bobinage et inverser le sens du courant A intervalles rEguliers.
PCT/IB2004/000823 2003-03-24 2004-03-22 Commutateur WO2004086571A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0306598.4 2003-03-24
GB0306598A GB0306598D0 (en) 2003-03-24 2003-03-24 Commutators
GB0306901.0 2003-03-26
GB0306901A GB0306901D0 (en) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Commutators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004086571A1 true WO2004086571A1 (fr) 2004-10-07
WO2004086571B1 WO2004086571B1 (fr) 2004-11-04

Family

ID=33099975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2004/000823 WO2004086571A1 (fr) 2003-03-24 2004-03-22 Commutateur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
TW (1) TW200427182A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004086571A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3805103A (en) * 1970-09-18 1974-04-16 Philips Corp Commutator for a small electrodynamic machine
US4425536A (en) * 1979-11-19 1984-01-10 Larsen Dwayne E Positive contacts commutator apparatus
WO1999009621A1 (fr) * 1997-08-20 1999-02-25 Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. Contacteur electrique a roulettes
WO2001050578A1 (fr) * 2000-01-03 2001-07-12 Tridelta Industries, Inc. Moteur a reluctance a commutation mecanique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3805103A (en) * 1970-09-18 1974-04-16 Philips Corp Commutator for a small electrodynamic machine
US4425536A (en) * 1979-11-19 1984-01-10 Larsen Dwayne E Positive contacts commutator apparatus
WO1999009621A1 (fr) * 1997-08-20 1999-02-25 Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. Contacteur electrique a roulettes
WO2001050578A1 (fr) * 2000-01-03 2001-07-12 Tridelta Industries, Inc. Moteur a reluctance a commutation mecanique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW200427182A (en) 2004-12-01
WO2004086571B1 (fr) 2004-11-04

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