WO2004086429A1 - Anneau de pression pour la fixation de bobines de transformateur, procede et equipement pour la production d'anneaux de pression - Google Patents

Anneau de pression pour la fixation de bobines de transformateur, procede et equipement pour la production d'anneaux de pression Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004086429A1
WO2004086429A1 PCT/HU2004/000025 HU2004000025W WO2004086429A1 WO 2004086429 A1 WO2004086429 A1 WO 2004086429A1 HU 2004000025 W HU2004000025 W HU 2004000025W WO 2004086429 A1 WO2004086429 A1 WO 2004086429A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure ring
reinforcing fibres
resin
core
fibres
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2004/000025
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Attila Diviki Nagy
Géza Kecskeméthy
Sándor KEREKES
István KOVÁCSAY
László KUSTÁR
Lajos Nick
Csaba Szabó
András ZALÁN
Original Assignee
Kompozitor Muanyagipari Fejleszto Kft.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kompozitor Muanyagipari Fejleszto Kft. filed Critical Kompozitor Muanyagipari Fejleszto Kft.
Publication of WO2004086429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004086429A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/303—Clamping coils, windings or parts thereof together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pressure ring for clamping transformer coils, especially large transformer coils.
  • the subject of the invention also includes a procedure for the realisation of the procedure.
  • the longitudinal displacement of the transformer t coils takes place as a result of forces of several hundreds tons generated by operating and short-circuit impulses, which, in the case of transformers the coil diameter of which is above 2,000 mm, may cause disturbances and result in structural damage.
  • a pressure ring is used, the lower flat surface of which lies against the coil, and it is clamped onto the coil by a large force exerted by a mechanic or hydraulic structure on several points of the upper surface. In the case of high capacity transformers this clamping force may be several hundreds of tons.
  • pressure rings are made of special wood by sticking together thin layers of board.
  • the diameter of pressure rings made of wood required for high capacity transformers - as it has been pointed out above - may be more than 2 metres, and they may be more than 150 mm thick. They need to be so thick, because the modulus of elasticity of the wood is rather low.
  • a clamping force is necessarily exerted on the upper surface of the pressure ring at several points situated relatively far from each other, and the rigidity of the ring must ensure that the forces are passed on to the surface of the transformer coil even on the sections where there is no direct application of force.
  • Pressure rings made of plastic - combined with glass- r fibre fabric and resin - are also used for clamping transformer coils.
  • layers of glass-fibre fabric, pre-impregnated with resin are placed on top of each other, then they are compacted and cured with pressure and heat.
  • the exact ring sizes are ensured with subsequent machining.
  • the modulus of elasticity of such pressure rings is better than in the case of wooden rings, it is a disadvantage that they need to be subsequently machined to achieve the exact size, as an expensive machining process is required after the compacting, which damages the cutting machine and impairs the mechanical properties of the final product as it destroys glass fibres where the machining is performed.
  • a further disadvantage is that the size of compression presses is restricted, so practically the size of the pressure rings produced cannot be more than 2,000 mm.
  • the specific mass of glass-fibre fabric may not be more than 55-60%, however, the mechanical properties can only be improved by adding more glass-fibre fabric, but this is not possible.
  • the bundles of coarse fibres in glass-fibre fabric are not situated in a straight line, but - as is characteristic of weaving - they are fed over and under each other in an undulating line, so as a result of pulling force the fibres stretch and become tense, and only after they have become tense are they able to absorb forces directly. As a result of this the initial modulus of elasticity of such reinforcing fibre systems remains below the level that could otherwise be reached with glass fibres.
  • the task to be solved with the invention is to provide a pressure ring suitable for clamping transformer coils which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages of such known pressure rings, has the maximum modulus of elasticity that can be practically reached to perform the given function, the diameter of which can be increased to the currently required value, the thickness of which can be significantly reduced as compared to pressure rings made of wood, and can be produced with a simple and safe manufacturing process and equipment.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that in a system embedded in a resin matrix containing reinforcing fibres, in a given bending place the largest modulus of elasticity - the largest bending strength - can be reached with reinforcing fibres arranged in one plane in parallel with each other and the bending plane, and the bending strength of the ring can be increased further, if the reinforcing fibres are tense when they are first placed in the matrix.
  • the fibres immediately absorb forces, there is no need for the fibres to "straighten out" first as it is described above in connection with glass-fibre fabric.
  • the pressure ring statically speaking, a situation takes place analogous to the bending phenomenon of a continuous beam, but this beam forms a circular shape, so, in practice, the reinforcing fibres should also be arranged along a circular path.
  • the set task was solved with a pressure ring required for clamping transformer coils which- is made of fibre-reinforced resin, and is characterised by that the reinforcing fibres in the pressure ring are situated starting from the internal diameter ' of the pressure ring, continuously, in a stressed condition, in a spiral shape, embedded in the resin matrix, filling its cross-section surface completely all the way to the external diameter of the pressure ring.
  • the matrix contains a filling material, especially solid grains and/ or ground and/ or course-ground reinforcing fibres, especially glass fibres, and favourably the filling material is composed of 3-800 micron- sized inorganic material, practically the grindings of dolomite and /or calcium carbonate and /or aluminium oxide and/or silicon oxide and/or glass; or/and ground and/ or coarse-ground reinforcing fibre, especially glass fibre or/ and resin.
  • the matrix contains filling material forming 1- 100% of the resin, and the diameter of the reinforcing fibres is 6- 18 micron, and favourably they are glass fibres or/ and kevlar or ceramic fibres.
  • the resin is vinyl ester, isophthalic acid based polyester or epoxy resin.
  • the reinforcing fibres run parallel to each other in the pressure ring.
  • the essence of the procedure according to the invention is that the continuous reinforcing fibres are kept in a tensioned state and they are wound around a rotating core, practically a disc, the external diameter of which is the same as the internal diameter of the pressure ring to be produced and the width of which is the same as the thickness of the pressure plate, while resin is applied onto the reinforcing fibres at the workplace situated in front of the rotating core; the winding operation is performed continuously until the external diameter of the coil created on the core reaches the same value as the planned external diameter of the pressure ring to be produced; then the core is stopped, the resin is cured or left to cure; finally the pressing ring is removed from the core.
  • the reinforcing fibres are wound on a core practically constructed as a disc, arranged in the same plane parallel to each other; practically the reinforcing fibres are pulled off bobbins and kept tense during the winding process by braking.
  • resin is applied onto the reinforcing fibres by conducting them through an impregnating tray and/ or with the help of a resin feeding structure; and in a given case filling material is added to the resin by mixing it previously to it or/ and by spraying it on the surface of the reinforcing fibres already impregnated with resin.
  • Another realisation method of the procedure is characterised by that the angle at which the reinforcing fibres are wound onto the core with respect to the horizontal is continuously changed depending on the increasing of the coil diameter, and this operation is performed on the basis of continuously measuring the increasing of the diameter. It may also be favourable, if in the course of winding the reinforcing fibres, as the diameter of the coil increases by rotating the core with a continuously reducing speed of revolution the fibre pulling is performed with a constant circumferential speed.
  • the essence of the equipment according to the invention is that it has
  • the rotating core has an axle connected to a motor the speed of revolution of which can be changed, and it is provided with removable fastening plates confining a space the width of which is the same as the thickness of the pressure ring, situated on the two sides of the core and protruding laterally.
  • the impregnating unit contains an impregnating tray and/ or resin feeding structure.
  • the structure that holds the reinforcing fibres in a tensioned state consists of at least one, favourably two braking structures, and one of these braking structures is situated before the impregnating workplace with respect to the direction of winding the reinforcing fibres, and the other braking structure is situated after the impregnating workplace.
  • Figure 1 shows the position of the pressure ring in the horizontal section taken directly under the upper bridge of the single-phase iron core of a transformer
  • Figure 2 shows the side view of the structure part as in figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows the iron core as in figure 1 and 2 in perspective, at an expanded scale;
  • Figure 4 shows the perspective view of a three-phase transformer iron core containing pressure rings, a part of the iron core is taken away;
  • figure 5a shows the top view of a part of a pressure ring according to the invention, demonstrating the arrangement of the reinforcing fibres running in it;
  • figure 5b shows a part of the pressure ring as in figure 5 a in a section at right angles to the fibres;
  • figure 6 shows the diagrammatic side view of a favourable construction of the equipment according to the invention;
  • figure 7 shows the top view of the equipment as in figure 6;
  • figure 8 shows the diagrammatic top view of a part of a favourable construction of the pressure ring according to the invention.
  • FIGS 1-3 there is the single-phase core of a high- capacity transformer, which has a frame 1 and a column 2.
  • the frame 1 has an upped bridge 3, a lower bridge and lateral frame members 5, the latter frame members 5 are vertical in the operating condition of the transformer, while the bridges are horizontal.
  • the coil to be clamped which cannot be seen in the figure, because it is hidden by the pressure ring 6 from the top on the one part and - in a way known in itself - by the cylindrical sheath 7 on the other part, surrounds the column 2.
  • the bending rigidity of the pressure ring 6 is affected by two factors: on the one part the modulus of elasticity of the material, and on the other part the inertia, that is the thickness of the ring.
  • Traditional pressure rings made of wood must be made rather thick to increase rigidity by increasing inertia.
  • a thick pressure ring increases the height of the whole transformer, which involves significant extra costs on the one hand and restricts transportability on the other hand.
  • the pressure ring 6 shown in figures 5a and 5b is constructed as a combination of a resin-based M matrix and reinforcing fibres, where the pre- stressed reinforcing fibres 11 are embedded in the M matrix in a ring shape, on circular paths, concentrically, in the same plane with each other and basically parallel to the bending plane.
  • the applied resin is favourably epoxy resin, vinyl ester or isophthalic acid based polyester, and the reinforcing fibres 11 are practically glass fibres, but other fibres made of materials not impairing electric and magnetic features can also be used, such as kevlar, ceramic fibres, etc.
  • the pressure ring 6 is constructed in a way that the pre-stressed reinforcing fibres 11 surrounded by the M matrix are situated in the form of a continuous spiral starting from the circular path of the pressuring 6 with an internal diameter d, that is at each point of the pressure ring 6 there is a reinforcing fibre 11 situated in a stressed condition on the current R ray curve belonging to the given point; the diameter of the most external member of the continuous spiral glass fibre threads is marked with reference letter D, which diameter is the same as the external diameter of the pressure ring 6.
  • the reinforcing fibres 11 are situated densely, practically directly next to each other, filling the ring cross-section shown in figure 5b.
  • the M matrix mostly consists of solid grains or/ and a mixture of some other filling material and resin, as such grains increase the shear resistance of the structure, that is the pressure ring 6.
  • FIGS 6 and 7 show a favourable construction example of the equipment according to the invention.
  • the bobbin carrier frame (not shown in the drawings) of the equipment the bobbins 12 containing the reinforcing fibres
  • the reinforcing fibres 11 in a coiled form are positioned in a way that they can be easily rolled down, and the number of the bobbins 12 depends on the y width of the pressure ring 6 shown in figure 5b.
  • the diameter of course fibres of the bobbins 12 is generally 6-15 microns, and in the yarn on one bobbin there are several thousands of course fibres running parallel to each other.
  • the reinforcing fibres 11 are pulled off the bobbins 12 with the help of a disc 16 rotated with an axle 17 connected to a motor (not shown), and as the disc rotates the reinforcing fibres 11 are reeled up onto it.
  • the disc 16 functioning as a rotating core is equipped with fastening plates 18, 19 along its periphery, protruding on two sides, closely fitted to the disc.
  • the current dimensions of the disc 16 (core) are chosen in accordance with the d internal diameter and y thickness of the pressure ring to be produced in the given case as shown in figure 5a.
  • the easily mountable fastening plates 18, 19 ensure the desired pressure ring thickness.
  • the function of the guiding rollers 13 is to ensure that the reinforcing fibres 11 winding down from the bobbins 12 depart and progress towards the disc 16 in the same plane.
  • the number of bobbins 12 on the bobbin carrier frame, depending on the dimensions of the pressure ring to be currently produced and - in the case of using glass fibre - on the tex- number of the glass fibre is generally 8-100; in figures 6 and 7 there are eight bobbins 12, which means that after leaving the guiding rollers 13 eight parallel reinforcing fibres 11 situated in the same plane are continuously progressing towards the disc 17 (core), but in the interest of better
  • the first break structure 14a is for the pre- stressing of the parallel reinforcing fibres 11 achieved by breaking; this structure is made suitable for stressing the fibres with slight disalignment the extent of which can be adjusted.
  • the second break structure 14b situated after the impregnating unit 15 induces tension in the reinforcing fibres, which can be adjusted for example with friction pads.
  • the impregnating unit 15 can be equipment known in itself in fibre-glass plastic industry, which has for example a tray ("drinking trough") through which the reinforcing fibres can be conducted while they are impregnated with resin to an appropriate extent.
  • the resin is directed to the tray situated in a confined space through an opening, by gravity or with a pump.
  • resin- eeding equipment can also be used with which the resin is applied to the fibres.
  • the M matrix also contains solid grains or/ and other filling materials, such as coarse-ground or ground fibrous material, especially coarse-ground or ground glass fibres, practically they should be mixed with the resin in advance, but it is also possible to spray the filling material, sue as solid grains (filling material) onto the surface of the reinforcing fibres 11 already coated with resin inside the impregnating unit 15, from the top, through an opening created for this purpose, with the help of a grain-feeder.
  • filling material sue as solid grains (filling material) onto the surface of the reinforcing fibres 11 already coated with resin inside the impregnating unit 15, from the top, through an opening created for this purpose, with the help of a grain-feeder.
  • a further accessory of the equipment according to the invention may be a heated casing 25 shown in figure 7, which is required for the heat treatment of the finished pressure ring furthering the curing of the resin.
  • This casing can be placed on the disc 16 after completing the winding up process, and then it can be removed from there following the heat treatment.
  • the equipment may also include an instrument known in itself, with which the diameter of the coiled body can be measured continuously; this instrument may operate for example on the principle of optical ranging.
  • the procedure according to the invention - winding manufacturing process - can be performed according to the following: by starting up the motor of the axle 17 we start winding up the reinforcing fibres 11, which are situated in the same plane running parallel to each other, in y thickness onto the rotating disc 16 (core), the external diameter of which is the same as the internal d diameter of the pressure ring 6 to be produced, and the winding up is continued until the diameter of the ring-shaped body achieved as a result of the continuous threads of reinforcing fibres is increased to the required value of the external D diameter, see figure 5a. In the course of winding up the reinforcing fibres 11 their tension is adjusted with break structures 14a, 14b.
  • the M matrix (figures 5a, 5b) is applied to the surface of the reinforcing fibres 11 in the impregnating unit 15, e.g.: by directing it through a tray mentioned above; if the M matrix contains a filling material, such as solid grains, it is either mixed in the resin in advance, as described above, or sprayed on the fibre surface already impregnated with resin.
  • a filling material such as solid grains
  • the superfluous M matrix is removed from the surface of the reinforcing fibres 11 leaving the impregnating unit 15, and with the help of the guiding structure 20 they are forwarded towards the rotating disc 16 on a path at an alternating ⁇ angle with the horizontal, practically going upwards; the ⁇ angle is changed with the guiding structure 20 between the internal d diameter and the external D diameter (figure 5a) in accordance with the increasing of the thickness of the body created by the fibre threads as the winding up process progresses.
  • the disc 16 is rotated with the help of the axle 17 at a continuously reducing revolution number, by which permanent fibre pulling speed is ensured.
  • the changing - increasing - diameter of the coil is measured with a suitable instrument
  • the coil is heat treated with the help of the heated casing 25, and by this the resin is cured. Curing can also be achieved by keeping the finished coil at room temperature for an adequate period of time. During the curing process the fastening plates 18, 19 are left to stay on their place, and after the curing process has been completed, they are removed from the disc 16 and, then the finished pressure ring 6 is pulled off the disc 16.
  • a 100 mm thick pressure ring is made with a diameter of 2, 100 mm and an internal diameter of 1 ,200 mm.
  • 40 bobbins are placed on the bobbin carrier frame.
  • the size of the glass fibre is 800 Tex/ 800 g/km.
  • Vinylester resin is used as matrix resin with 3.5 % of peroxide catalyst.
  • the set circumferential winding speed is 8 m/min. The period of winding is 18 hours. After this the coil is heated to a temperature of 90 °C, and this temperature is maintained for 24 hours. After cooling the fastening plates are removed, the finished ring is pulled off the core.
  • Glass fibre content 69 %.
  • epoxy resin is used with an appropriate cross-linking agent.
  • ground glass fibre of a length of 100 microns is mixed in the resin. Its amount is 15 %.
  • the impregnating unit is heated to a temperature of 40 °C.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is 140 °C, its period is 12 hours.
  • the favourable effects in connection with the invention can be summarised according to the following: the most important advantage is that depending on the ring diameter the thickness of the pressure ring can be 20-50 % less than the thickness of traditional wooden pressure rings, which has an extremely favourable effect on the transformer construction, as its iron core and consequently the whole transformer can be lower, it needs less oil, the side walls can be lower, the steel structure can be smaller and transportation becomes easier too. Furthermore the pressure ring according to the invention increases the ability of the transformer to prevent short- circuits. As compared to the known fibreglass-reinforced plastic pressure rings the pressure ring according to the invention is advantageous, because it does not require any subsequent machining spoiling the machining tool and damaging the product.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un anneau de pression constitué d'une résine renforcée en fibres. Lesdites fibres de renforcement (11) dans ledit anneau de pression (6) sont situées à partir du diamètre interne (d) de l'anneau de pression (6), en continu, dans un état de contrainte, sous une forme de spirale, enveloppées dans la matrice de résine (M), ce qui permet de remplir la surface transversale complètement sur l'ensemble de son épaisseur (v) jusqu'au diamètre externe (D) de l'anneau de pression (6). La caractéristique du procédé repose sur le fait que les fibres de renforcement (11) sont parallèles les unes aux autres dans l'anneau de pression. L'équipement est conçu de manière à posséder un noyau rotatif permettant d'enrouler les fibres de renforcement (11), une unité d'imprégnation (15) des fibres de renforcement (11) avec la résine et une structure qui maintient les fibres de renforcement (11) à l'état tendu, tandis qu'elles sont enroulées en continu sur le noyau.
PCT/HU2004/000025 2003-03-26 2004-03-22 Anneau de pression pour la fixation de bobines de transformateur, procede et equipement pour la production d'anneaux de pression WO2004086429A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU0300790A HUP0300790A2 (hu) 2003-03-26 2003-03-26 Szorítógyűrű transzformátor tekercsek leszorításához, valamint eljárás és berendezés szorítógyűrű előállítására
HUP0300790 2003-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004086429A1 true WO2004086429A1 (fr) 2004-10-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/HU2004/000025 WO2004086429A1 (fr) 2003-03-26 2004-03-22 Anneau de pression pour la fixation de bobines de transformateur, procede et equipement pour la production d'anneaux de pression

Country Status (2)

Country Link
HU (1) HUP0300790A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004086429A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2372724A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-10-05 ABB Research Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer UV-ausgehärteten Spule eines Transformators
EP2372723A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-10-05 ABB Research Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'un isolant composite durci aux UV& xA;

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014192359A (ja) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-06 Toyota Motor Corp リアクトル

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3366907A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-01-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core-form transformer pressure ring wound from magnetic material
US3467932A (en) * 1967-07-28 1969-09-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Transformer construction

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3366907A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-01-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Core-form transformer pressure ring wound from magnetic material
US3467932A (en) * 1967-07-28 1969-09-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Transformer construction

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2372724A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-10-05 ABB Research Ltd. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer UV-ausgehärteten Spule eines Transformators
EP2372723A1 (fr) * 2010-03-24 2011-10-05 ABB Research Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'un isolant composite durci aux UV& xA;

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HU0300790D0 (en) 2003-05-28
HUP0300790A2 (hu) 2004-10-28

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