WO2004085388A2 - Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors - Google Patents

Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004085388A2
WO2004085388A2 PCT/US2004/008827 US2004008827W WO2004085388A2 WO 2004085388 A2 WO2004085388 A2 WO 2004085388A2 US 2004008827 W US2004008827 W US 2004008827W WO 2004085388 A2 WO2004085388 A2 WO 2004085388A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
cancer
hydrogen
prepared
mmol
Prior art date
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PCT/US2004/008827
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French (fr)
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WO2004085388A3 (en
Inventor
Jagabandhu Das
Ramesh Padmanabha
Ping Chen
Derek J. Norris
Arthur M. P. Doweyko
Joel Barrish
John Wityak
Louis J. Lombardo
Francis Y. F. Lee
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Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
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Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=33096777&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2004085388(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to DK04758053.5T priority Critical patent/DK1610780T4/en
Priority to EP04758053.5A priority patent/EP1610780B2/en
Priority to SI200431447T priority patent/SI1610780T2/en
Priority to AU2004223828A priority patent/AU2004223828B2/en
Priority to AT04758053T priority patent/ATE464898T1/en
Priority to MXPA05010145A priority patent/MXPA05010145A/en
Priority to DE602004026703T priority patent/DE602004026703D1/en
Application filed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company filed Critical Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Priority to CA2519898A priority patent/CA2519898C/en
Priority to ES04758053T priority patent/ES2342937T5/en
Priority to UAA200509996A priority patent/UA87456C2/en
Priority to PL04758053.5T priority patent/PL1610780T5/en
Priority to NZ542171A priority patent/NZ542171A/en
Priority to YU20050698A priority patent/RS52291B/en
Priority to JP2006507475A priority patent/JP2006523216A/en
Priority to BRPI0408782-8A priority patent/BRPI0408782A/en
Publication of WO2004085388A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004085388A2/en
Publication of WO2004085388A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004085388A3/en
Priority to IL170873A priority patent/IL170873A/en
Priority to HRP20050826AA priority patent/HRP20050826B8/en
Priority to NO20054359A priority patent/NO336065B1/en
Priority to IS8038A priority patent/IS8038A/en
Priority to KR1020057017907A priority patent/KR101070101B1/en
Priority to HK06101056.3A priority patent/HK1078491A1/en

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cyclic compounds and salts thereof, to methods of using such compounds in treating protein tyrosine kinase- associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
  • PTKs Protein tyrosine kinases
  • PTKs comprise, inter alia, receptor tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), including members of the epidermal growth factor kinase family (e.g., HER1 and HER2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and kinases that play a role in angiogenesis (Tie-2 and KDR); and, in addition, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, including members of the Syk, JAK and Src (e.g.
  • PTK inhibitors can thus impact a wide variety of oncologic and immunologic disorders. Such disorders may be ameliorated by selective inhibition of a certain receptor or non-receptor PTK, such as Lck, or due to the homology among PTK classes, by inhibition of more than one PTK by an inhibitor.
  • Lck a PTK of particular interest is Lck which is found in T cells where it is involved in phosphorylating key protein substrates. It is required for productive antigen receptor signaling and cell activation.
  • T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain In the absence of Lck activity, the T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain is not phosphorylated, the kinase ZAP-70 is not activated, and Ca 2+ mobilization essential for T cell activation does not occur (see Weiss, A.
  • Inhibitors of Lck are thus useful in the treatment of T-cell mediated disorders such as chronic diseases with an important T cell component, for example rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus, as well as acute diseases where T cells are known to play an essential role, for example acute transplant rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions.
  • T-cell mediated disorders such as chronic diseases with an important T cell component, for example rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus, as well as acute diseases where T cells are known to play an essential role, for example acute transplant rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions.
  • DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity
  • the present invention provides cyclic compounds of the following formula I and salts thereof, for use as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors:
  • R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with Z v Z 2 and one or more (preferably, one or two) groups Z 3 ;
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently: (1) hydrogen or R 6 ;
  • (1) ' are each independently hydrogen or R 6 ; (2) -Z 4 -N(R 9 )-Z 6 -NR 10 R U ;
  • R 7 and R 8 may together be alkylene, alkenylene or heteroalkyl, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z v Z 2 and Z 3 ; or
  • any two of R 9 , R 10 and R u may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z v Z 2 and Z 3 ;
  • R 13 is:
  • R 14 is:
  • R 15 is: (1) hydrogen
  • cycloalkyl and Z 3 are each independently:
  • Z 6 is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is itself substituted by one or more of the same or different groups (i); or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (16) of the definition of Z x , Z 2 and Z 3 ; (2) -OH or -OZ 6 ;
  • any two of Z v Z 2 , and Z 3 may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; or (16) any two of Z x , Z 2 , and Z 3 may together be -0-(CH 2 ) r -0- ,where r is 1 to 5, completing a 4- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; Z 4 and Z 5 are each independently:
  • (1) are each independently hydrogen or Z 6 ;
  • Z 7 and Z 8 , or Z 6 and Z 10 may together be alkylene or alkenylene, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z v Z 2 and Z 3 ; or
  • Z 7 or Z 8 together with Z 9 , may be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z v Z 2 and Z -" 3 3>
  • Z u and Z 12 are each independently: (1) a single bond; (2) alkylene; (3) alkenylene; or
  • n 1 or 2
  • A is selected from carbon and nitrogen
  • B is selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
  • X g is oxygen or sulfur; and R R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as described above. Detailed Description of the Invention
  • alk or alkyl refer to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • lower alkyl refers to alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one double bond. Where an alkenyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a double bond.
  • alkynyl refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one triple bond.
  • alkynyl group is bonded to a nitrogen / atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a triple bond.
  • alkylene refers to a straight chain bridge of 1 to 5 carbon atoms connected by single bonds (e.g., -(CH2) ⁇ - wherein x is 1 to 5), which may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • alkenylene refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms having one or two double bonds that is connected by single bonds and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • alkynylene refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has a triple bond therein, is connected by single bonds, and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
  • exemplary alkynylene groups are -C ⁇ C-, -GE -C ⁇ C-, -CH(CH3)-C ⁇ C- and _C ⁇ C-CH(C2H5)CH2-.
  • aromatic cyclic groups for example 6 membered monocyclic, 10 membered bicyclic or 14 membered tricyclic ring systems
  • exemplary aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and anthracene.
  • cycloalkyl and “cycloalkenyl” refer to cyclic hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • halogen and halo refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • unsaturated ring includes partially unsaturated and aromatic rings.
  • heterocycle refers to fully saturated or unsaturated, including non-aromatic (i.e. “heterocycloalkyl) and aromatic (i.e. "heteroaryl”) cyclic groups, for example, 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring.
  • Each ring of the heterocychc group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized.
  • the heterocychc group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system.
  • Exemplary monocyclic heterocychc groups include pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyri
  • Exemplary bicyclic heterocychc groups include indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, tetra-hydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl] or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolin
  • Exemplary tricyclic heterocychc groups include carbazolyl, benzidolyl, phenanthrolinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, xanthenyl and the like.
  • heteroaryl refers to aromatic heterocychc groups.
  • heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, and the like.
  • salts may in some cases form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
  • Reference to a compound of the formula I herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
  • Salts of the compounds of the formula I may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound I with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
  • Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates (such as those formed with acetic acid or trihaloacetic acid, for example, trifluoroacetic acid), adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxal
  • 3-phenylpropionates phosphates, picrates, pivalates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates (such as those formed with sulfuric acid), sulfonates (such as those mentioned herein), tartrates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates, undecanoates, and the like.
  • Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines, N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g.
  • dialkyl sulfates e.g. dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates
  • long chain halides e.g. decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • aralkyl halides e.g. benzyl and phenethyl bromides
  • Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
  • the term "prodrug”, as employed herein, denotes a compound which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of the formula I, or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • Solvates of the compounds of formula I are preferably hydrates. All stereoisomers of the present compounds, such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on the R substituents of the compound of the formula I, including enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
  • Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
  • the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
  • Preferred Compounds Preferred compounds of the present invention are compounds of the formula I, and salts thereof, wherein Q is thiazole and wherein one or more, and especially all, of Z, X Xg 1? R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are selected from the following definitions: Z is a single bond;
  • R x is selected from hydrogen, halo, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl and is more preferably hydrogen;
  • R 2 is hydrogen;
  • R 3 is selected from -Z 4 -R 6 or -Z 13 -NR 7 R 8 and is more preferably -Z 4 -R 6 wherein Z 4 is a single bond and R 6 is aryl or heteroaryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with Z Z 2 and one or more (preferably, one or two) groups Z 3 ;
  • R 4 is hydrogen
  • R 5 is selected from aryl groups or heteroaryl groups which are substituted with Z v Z 2 and one or more (such as one or two) groups Z 3 .
  • the compounds of the formula I may be prepared by methods such as those illustrated in the following Schemes A through E and I through XI. Solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may readily be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. All documents cited are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Starting materials are commercially available or readily prepared by one of ordinary skill in the art. Constituents of compounds are as defined elsewhere in the specification or as specifically defined in a scheme. The methods described herein may be carried out with starting materials and/or reagents in solution or alternatively, where appropriate, with one or more starting materials or reagents bound to a solid support (see (1) Thompson, L. A., Ellman, J.
  • compound la where R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen may be formed by saponification of i , (R* is a carboxyl protecting group such as alkyl or arylalkyl) followed by reaction with amine iii by methods known in the art. Alternatively.! may be reacted with R 2 L, where L is a leaving group such as halogen (for example, in equimolar portions), optionally followed by reaction with R 3 L (for example, in equimolar portions) to form ii.
  • R 2 L where L is a leaving group such as halogen (for example, in equimolar portions), optionally followed by reaction with R 3 L (for example, in equimolar portions) to form ii.
  • i may be subjected to reductive amination using the appropriate aldehyde or ketone to form ii.
  • the compound ii may then be saponified and reacted with amine iii, under conditions known to those skilled in the art, to form la where R 2 and/or R 3 are other than hydrogen.
  • a 2-halo-compound yi can be prepared by reacting an appropriately substituted 2-amino-compound ia with copper (ii) halide and an alkyl nitrite such as tert-butyl nitrite in an aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile to form 2-halo-compound iy (see J. Het. Chem. 22, 1621 (1985)).
  • Compound iv can be reduced with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in ethanol or aqueous tetrahydrofuran to form an alcohol, which can be oxidized with an oxidizing agent such as pyridinium chlorochromate or pyridinium dichromate to form aldehyde v.
  • Compound v can be reacted with an alkyl(triphenylphosphorylidene) acetate to form carboxylate vi.
  • Compound vi can be saponified and then reacted with an amine iii by methods known to those skilled in the art to form vii.
  • compounds of formula lb where R 2 and R 3 are H can be formed by reacting compound vii with an appropriately substituted benzyl amine such as 4- methoxybenzyl amine to form compound ix, which can be hydrogenolyzed or treated with an acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole to form lb where R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen.
  • a 2-amino-compound ia can be reacted with a chloroformate or dicarbonate to form x, which can be saponified and treated with an organolithium reagent to form compound xi.
  • Compound xi may be reacted with an alkyl(triphenylphosphorylidene)acetate, followed by deprotection of the carbamate protecting group to form xii.
  • compound Ic where R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen may be formed by saponification of xii followed by reaction with an amine R 4 R 5 NH by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • compound xii may be reacted with R 2 L where L is a leaving group such as halogen (for example, in equimolar portions), optionally followed by reaction with R 3 L (for example, in equimolar portions) to form xiii, which may be saponified and reacted with an amine R 4 R 5 NH by methods known to those skilled in the art to form Ia where R 2 and/or R 3 are other than hydrogen.
  • the compounds of the formula Ia obtained in Scheme A may be converted into the corresponding thioamide Id using a reagent such as Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4- disulfide (see Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 87, 223 (1978)).
  • Scheme E illustrates a general method for forming compound le, which is a compound of the formula I where X x and X g are each hydrogen.
  • the compound of the formula Id obtained in Scheme D may be converted into the corresponding amine le by reduction, for example, by reaction with Raney nickel.
  • Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
  • Compound 1 can be treated with a base such as sodium hydride, sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), and an alkylating agent R g X where X is halogen and R 2 is preferably alkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, and then saponified with an aqueous base such as potassium hydroxide to give 2.
  • a base such as sodium hydride, sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)
  • LDA lithium diisopropylamide
  • Acid 2 may be reacted with an amine iii using reaction conditions well known in the art for peptide bond synthesis (see, for example, Bodanszky and Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Chemistry, Springer- Verlag, 1984; Bodanszky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis,
  • reagents which activate the carboxyl group of 2 for reaction with the amine iv include bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOP chloride), benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP reagent), [0-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium] hexafluorophosphate (HATU), and carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or 3-ethyl-3'- (dimethylamino)propylcarbodiimide (EDCI) either alone or in combination with a hydroxybenzotriazole.
  • BOP chloride bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride
  • BOP reagent benzotriazol-l-yl
  • the activated ester intermediate can be isolated and then treated with the appropriate amine iv in a nonprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of a base, for example, an organic base such as sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7- ene (DBU), or an inorganic base such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate or sodium or potassium hydride.
  • a base for example, an organic base such as sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7- ene (DBU), or an inorganic base such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate or sodium or potassium hydride.
  • acid 4 where R 2 and R 3 are not hydrogen and are selected such that the nitrogen to which they are attached is non- basic, is reduced to the aldehyde 5 by methods well know in the art (see March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 1985).
  • the acid 4_ may be converted to its corresponding ester followed by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride.
  • the acid 4_ may be reduced to the corresponding primary alcohol, for example, by treatment with borane/THF, LiAlH 4 , or via reduction of a mixed anhydride, followed by subsequent oxidation to the aldehyde 5_using Cr(VI) (e.g., pyridinium chlorochromate, "PCC”) or under Swern or Moffatt conditions (e.g., (COCi dimethylsulfoxide).
  • Cr(VI) e.g., pyridinium chlorochromate, "PCC”
  • Swern or Moffatt conditions e.g., (COCi dimethylsulfoxide.
  • the starting acid 4 may be obtained, for example, by saponification of ii.
  • R 2 any group as defined
  • R 3 acyl or thioacyl
  • Scheme IV illustrates methods which may be used for the preparation of compounds Ij, Ik, II, Im and In.
  • Ij, Ik, II, Im and In are compounds of the formula I where R 2 is any group as defined, R 3 is an acyl or thioacyl group, X x and Xg are not hydrogen, and R t is not a primary or secondary amine.
  • Ij, Ik, II, Im and In have other particular substituents which are specified in this Scheme and below.
  • the starting compound Ii can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
  • Amide Ij can be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a carboxylic acid 7 in the presence of reagents which activate the carboxyl group for reaction as described above, for example BOP reagent, HATU, and carbodiimides such as DCC or EDCI either alone or in combination with a hydroxybenztriazole.
  • the acid halide 8 may be reacted with amine compound Ii in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine.
  • the corresponding thioamide Ik can be prepared by the treatment of amide Ii (where X X ⁇ ⁇ O) with Lawesson's reagent as described above.
  • Carbamate II can be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a chloroformate 9 or dicarbonate 10 in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine.
  • the corresponding thiourea In may be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a thioisocyanate 13b.
  • R 2 any group as defined other than acyl
  • R 3 alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aralkyl or saturated heterocycle
  • Scheme V illustrates a method which can be used for the preparation of Ip, which is a compound of the formula I where R 2 is any group as defined other than acyl, and which is selected such that the nitrogen to which it is attached is basic, R 3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aralkyl, or saturated heterocycle, and X j _ and X JJ are not hydrogen.
  • the starting compounds lo and Iq can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
  • amine compound lo is reacted with an aldehyde or ketone 14 under reductive amination conditions described above to give the amine Ip.
  • Compound Ip may also be prepared by treatment of an amine compound Iq, where R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, with t-butyl nitrite or sodium nitrite in the presence of a copper (II) halide to give the halo-substituted compound 15, followed by displacement with amine 16 in the presence of a base such as sodium or potassium hydride or the like (see Lee et al., J. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 22, 1621 (1985)).
  • R d and R e are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, or together are alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring, such that the group -CH(R d )(R e ) is a group within the definition of R 3 .
  • R 2 any group as defined other than acyl
  • R 3 aryl, heteroaryl
  • amine compound Ir when R 2 is any group as defined other than acyl, and is selected such that the nitrogen to which it is attached is basic, R 3 is aryl or heteroaryl, and X and ⁇ are not hydrogen, amine compound Ir may be reacted with a halophenyl or haloheteroaromatic group 17 in the presence of a palladium (0) catalyst (see J. Am. Chem. Soc, 118, 7215 (1996)) to give amine Is, which is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
  • the starting compound Ir can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
  • R 2 any group as defined
  • R 3 heteroaryl
  • amine compound it may be reacted, in the presence of a base if needed, with a 2-halosubstituted heteroaromatic compound 17 where Q 1? together with atoms to which is is bonded, forms a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic or 10- to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaromatic group (such as forming 2-chloropyridine or 2- chloropyrimidine) to give the amine lu, where lu is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
  • the starting compound It can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
  • thiourea compound In (where X x and j are not hydrogen) may be reacted with the appropriate amine in the presence of bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOP chloride) benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP-reagent), [0-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium]hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and carbodiimide, such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 3-ethyl-3'-(dimethylamino)propyl carbodiimide (EDCI) or diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIG) in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or di
  • amine Ir (where X x and j are not hydrogen) can be reacted with diphenylcyanocarbonimidate either alone or in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyldisilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or dimethylformamide at room temperature or elevated temperature to form intermediate compound Iw.
  • a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyldisilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or dimethylformamide at room temperature or elevated temperature
  • Compound Iw can be reacted with an amine R 7 R 8 NH to form compound Iv, which is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
  • compound Ir (where X x and X ⁇ are not hydrogen) can be reacted with 18 or 19 either alone or in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyl disilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature or at higher temperature to form compounds Ix or Iy respectively, which can be reacted with an amine R 7 R 8 NH at room temperature or elevated temperature to form compounds Iz or Iz* respectively.
  • a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyl disilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature or at higher temperature to form compounds Ix or Iy respectively, which can be reacted with an amine R 7 R 8 NH at room temperature or elevated temperature to form compounds Iz or Iz* respectively.
  • Compound Iz is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
  • Compound Iz* is
  • R 2 aryl, heteroaryl, bicyclic-heteroaryl
  • R 3 H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, bicyclic-heteroaryl
  • compounds of formula I can also be prepared from 15 by treatment with the defined amine in the presence of an acid catalyst (for example, see: Gunzenhauser et al., Helv. Chim. Ada, 71, 33 (1988)).
  • the present invention further provides compounds of formula III:
  • each Ri, R 3 and R 4 is, independently, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents; and R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl.
  • a preferred compound of the present invention is of formula IV:
  • the compounds of the present invention inhibit protein tyrosine kinases, especially Src-family kinases such as Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Src, Yes, Hck, Fgr and Blk, and are thus useful in the treatment, including prevention and therapy, of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders.
  • the compounds inhibit also receptor tyrosine kinases including HER1 and HER2 and are therefore useful in the treatment of proliferative disorders such as psoriasis and cancer.
  • the ability of these compounds to inhibit HER1 and other receptor kinases will also permit their use as anti-angiogenic agents to treat disorders such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy.
  • Protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders are those disorders which result from aberrant tyrosine kinase activity, and/or which are alleviated by the inhibition of one or more of these enzymes.
  • Lck inhibitors are of value in the treatment of a number of such disorders (for example, the treatment of autoimmune diseases), as Lck inhibition blocks T cell activation.
  • the treatment of T cell mediated diseases, including inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, is a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention. Compounds which selectively block T cell activation and proliferation are preferred.
  • the present invention thus provides methods for the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders, comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof at least one compound of the formula I in an amount effective therefor.
  • Other therapeutic agents such as those described below may be employed with the inventive compounds in the present methods.
  • such other therapeutic agent(s) may be administered prior to, simultaneously with or following the administration of the compound(s) of the present invention.
  • transplant such as organ transplant, acute transplant or heterograft or homograft (such as is employed in burn treatment)
  • protection from ischemic or reperfusion injury such as ischemic or reperfusion injury incurred during organ transplantation, myocardial infarction, stroke or other causes
  • transplantation tolerance induction arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or osteoarthritis); multiple sclerosis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as emphysema; inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; lupus (systemic lupus erythematosis); graft vs.
  • transplant such as organ transplant, acute transplant or heterograft or homograft (such as is employed in burn treatment)
  • protection from ischemic or reperfusion injury such as ischemic or reperfusion injury incurred during organ transplantation, myocardial infarction, stroke or other causes
  • transplantation tolerance induction arthritis (such as rhe
  • T-cell mediated hypersensitivity diseases including contact hypersensitivity, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy (Celiac disease); psoriasis; contact dermatitis (including that due to poison ivy); Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Sjogren's syndrome; Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' Disease; Addison's disease (autoimmune disease of the adrenal glands); Autoimmune polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome); autoimmune alopecia; pernicious anemia; vitiligo; autoimmune hypopituatarism; Guillain-Barre syndrome; other autoimmune diseases; cancers, including cancers where Lck or other Src-family kinases such as Src are activated or overexpressed, such as colon carcinoma and thymoma, and cancers where Src-family kinase activity facilitates tumor growth or survival; glomerulonephritis; serum sickness; uticaria
  • Src-family kinases other than Lck are important in the Fc gamma receptor responses of monocytes and macrophages.
  • Compounds of the present invention inhibit the Fc gamma dependent production of TNF alpha in the monocyte cell line THP-1 that does not express Lck.
  • the ability to inhibit Fc gamma receptor dependent monocyte and macrophage responses results in additional anti- inflammatory activity for the present compounds beyond their effects on T cells. This activity is especially of value, for example, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • the present compounds are of value for the treatment of autoimmune glomerulonephritis and other instances of glomerulonephritis induced by deposition of immune complexes in the kidney that trigger Fc gamma receptor responses leading to kidney damage.
  • Src family kinases other than Lck such as Lyn and Src, are important in the Fc epsilon receptor induced degranulation of mast cells and basophils that plays an important role in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic disease.
  • Fc epsilon receptors are stimulated by IgE-antigen complexes.
  • Compounds of the present invention inhibit the Fc epsilon induced degranulation responses, including in the basophil cell line RBL that does not express Lck.
  • the ability to inhibit Fc epsilon receptor dependent mast cell and basophil responses results in additional anti-inflammatory activity for the present compounds beyond their effect on T cells.
  • the present compounds are of value for the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other instances of allergic disease.
  • the combined activity of the present compounds towards monocytes, macrophages, T cells, etc. may be of value in the treatment of any of the aforementioned disorders.
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of the aforementioned exemplary disorders irrespective of their etiology, for example, for the treatment of transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, graft v. host disease, T-cell mediated hypersensitivity disease, psoriasis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, cancer, contact dermatitis, allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, ischemic or reperfusion injury, or atopic dermatitis whether or not associated with PTK.
  • compounds of the present invention can also be used for the treatment of proliferative diseases, including psoriasis and cancer.
  • the HER1 receptor kinase has been shown to be expressed and activated in many solid tumors including non-small cell lung, colorectal, and breast cancer.
  • the HER2 receptor kinase has been shown to be overexpressed in breast, ovarian, lung and gastric cancer.
  • Monoclonal antibodies that downregulate the abundance of the HER2 receptor or inhibit signaling by the HERl receptor have shown anti-tumor effficacy in preclincal and clinical studies.
  • inhibitors of the HERl and HER2 kinases will have efficacy in the treatment of tumors that depend on signaling from either of the two receptors.
  • These compounds are expected to have efficacy either as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as placlitaxel (Taxol), doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin), and cisplatin (Platinol).
  • chemotherapeutic agents such as placlitaxel (Taxol), doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin), and cisplatin (Platinol).
  • the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of cancers such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and others known to be associated with protein tyrosine kinases such as, for example, SRC, BCR-ABL and c-KIT.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also useful in the treatment of cancers that are sensitive to and resistant to chemotherapeutic agents that target BCR-ABL and c-KIT, such as, for example, Gleevec® (STI-571).
  • the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds of the formula I capable of treating a protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorder in an amount effective therefor, and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or diluent.
  • the compositions of the present invention may contain other therapeutic agents as described below, and may be formulated, for example, by employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents, as well as pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration (for example, excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers, flavors, etc.) according to techniques such as those well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation.
  • the compounds of the formula I may be administered by any suitable means, for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; buccally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); nasally such as by inhalation spray; topically, such as in the form of a cream or ointment; or rectally such as in the form of suppositories; in dosage unit formulations containing non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents.
  • suitable means for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; buccally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non
  • the present compounds may, for example, be administered in a form suitable for immediate release or extended release. Immediate release or extended release may be achieved by the use of suitable pharmaceutical compositions comprising the present compounds, or, particularly in the case of extended release, by the use of devices such as subcutaneous implants or osmotic pumps.
  • the present compounds may also be administered liposomally.
  • compositions for oral administration include suspensions which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweeteners or flavoring agents such as those known in the art; and immediate release tablets which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and or lactose and or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants such as those known in the art.
  • the present compounds may also be delivered through the oral cavity by sublingual and/or buccal administration.
  • Molded tablets, compressed tablets or freeze-dried tablets are exemplary forms which may be used.
  • Exemplary compositions include those formulating the present compound(s) with fast dissolving diluents such as mannitol, lactose, sucrose and/or cyclodextrins. Also included in such formulations may be high molecular weight excipients such as celluloses (avicel) or polyethylene glycols (PEG).
  • Such formulations may also include an excipient to aid mucosal adhesion such as hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC), maleic anhydride copolymer (e.g., Gantrez), and agents to control release such as polyacrylic copolymer (e.g., Carbopol 934).
  • HPC hydroxy propyl cellulose
  • HPMC hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
  • SCMC sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
  • maleic anhydride copolymer e.g., Gantrez
  • agents to control release such as polyacrylic copolymer (e.g., Carbopol 934).
  • Lubricants, glidants, flavors, coloring agents and stabilizers may also be added for ease of fabrication and use.
  • compositions for nasal aerosol or inhalation administration include solutions in saline which may contain, for example, benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailabihty, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents such as those known in the art.
  • compositions for parenteral administration include injectable solutions or suspensions which may contain, for example, suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride solution, or other suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride solution, or other suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • compositions for rectal administration include suppositories which may contain, for example, a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug.
  • exemplary compositions for topical administration include a topical carrier such as Plastibase (mineral oil gelled with polyethylene).
  • the effective amount of a compound of the present invention may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, and includes exemplary- dosage amounts for an adult human of from about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight of active compound per day, which may be administered in a single dose or in the form of individual divided doses, such as from 1 to 4 times per day. It will be understood that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular subject may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the species, age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject, the mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and severity of the particular condition.
  • Preferred subjects for treatment include animals, most preferably mammalian species such as humans, and domestic animals such as dogs, cats and the like, subject to protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders.
  • the compounds of the present invention are preferably administered using the formulations of the invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formula in and IV are administered by IV infusion over a period of from about 10 minutes to about 3 hours, preferably about 30 minutes to about 2 hours, more preferably about 45 minutes to 90 minutes, and most preferably about 1 hour.
  • the compounds are administered intravenously in a dose of from about 0.5 mg/m 2 to 65 mg/m 2 , preferably about 1 mg/m 2 to 50 mg/m 2 , more preferably about 2.5 mg/m 2 to 30 mg/m 2 , and most preferably about 25 mg/m 2 .
  • compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, intravenously, or both.
  • the methods of the invention encompass dosing protocols such as once a day for 2 to 10 days, preferably every 3 to 9 days, more preferably every 4 to 8 days and most preferably every 5 days.
  • the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV can be administered orally, intravenously, or both, once a day for 3 days, with a period of preferably 1 week to 3 weeks in between cycles where there is no treatment.
  • the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV can be administered orally, intravenously, or both, once a day for 5 days, with a period of preferably 1 week to 3 weeks in between cycles where there is no treatment.
  • the treatment cycle for administration of the compounds of the present invention is once daily for 5 consecutive days and the period between treatment cycles is from 2 to 10 days, preferably one week.
  • a compound of the present invention for example, a compound of formula HI or formula IV, is administered once daily for 5 consecutive days, followed by 2 days when there is no treatment.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be administered orally, intravenously, or both once every 1 to 10 weeks, preferably every-2 to 8 weeks, more preferably every 3 to 6 weeks, and even more preferably every 3 weeks.
  • the compounds of the present invention including compounds of formulae HI or IV, are administered in a 28 day cycle wherein the compounds are intravenously administered on days 1, 7, and 14 and orally administered on day 21.
  • the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV are administered in a 28 day cycle wherein the compound of formulae I and H are orally administered on day 1 and intravenously administered on days 7, 14, and 28.
  • the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae III or IV are administered until the patient shows a response, for example, a reduction in tumor size, or until dose limiting toxicity is reached.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in combination with each other and/or other suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as PTK inhibitors other than those of the present invention, antiinflammatories, antiproliferatives, chemotherapeutic agents, immunosuppressants, anticancer agents and cytotoxic agents.
  • suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as PTK inhibitors other than those of the present invention, antiinflammatories, antiproliferatives, chemotherapeutic agents, immunosuppressants, anticancer agents and cytotoxic agents.
  • cyclosporins e.g., cyclosporin A
  • CTLA4-Ig antibodies such as anti- ICAM-3, anti-IL-2 receptor (Anti-Tac), anti-CD45RB, anti-CD2, anti-CD3 (OKT-3), anti-CD4, anti-CD80, anti-CD86, monoclonal antibody OKT3, agents blocking the interaction between CD40 and gp39, such as antibodies specific for CD40 and/or gp39 (i.e., CD154), fusion proteins constructed from CD40 and gp39 (CD40Ig and CD8gp39), inhibitors, such as nuclear translocation inhibitors, of NF-kappa B function, such as deoxyspergualin (DSG), non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, steroids such as prednisone or dexamethasone, gold compounds, antiproliferative agents such as methotrexate, FK506
  • cyclosporins e.g.,
  • 60/056,770 filed 8/25/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA202*), Serial No. 60/069,159, filed 12/9/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA202a*), Serial No. 09/097,338, filed 6/15/98 (Attorney Docket No. QA202b), Serial No. 60/056,797, filed 8/25/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA205*), Serial No. 09/094,797, filed 6/15/98 (Attorney Docket No. QA205a), Serial No. 60/065,042, filed 11/10/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA207*), Serial No.
  • anti-cancer agents and cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to: alkylating agents, such as nitrogen mustards, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas, ethylenimines, and triazenes; antimetabolites, such as folate antagonists, purine analogues, and pyrimidine analogues; antibiotics, such as anthracyclines, bleomycins, mitomycin, dactinomycin, and plica ycin; enzymes, such as L-asparaginase; farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors; hormonal agents, such as glucocorticoids, estrogens/antiestrogens, androgens/antiandrogens, progestins, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone anatagonists, octreotide acetate; microtubule-disruptor agents, such as ecteinascidins or then- analogs and derivatives;
  • the compounds of the invention may also be used in conjunction with radiation therapy.
  • Representative examples of these classes of anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, mechlorethamine hydrochlordie, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifosfamide, busulfan, carmustin, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin, thiotepa, dacarbazine, methotrexate, thioguanine, mercaptopurine, fludarabine, pentastatin, cladribin, cytarabine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin, idarubicin, bleomycin sulfate, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, safracins, saframycins, quinocarcins, discodermolides, vincristine, vmblastine, vinorel
  • Preferred members of these classes include, but are not limited to paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, carminomycin, daunorubicin, aminopterin, methotrexate, methopterin, mitomycin C, ecteinascidin 743, porfirornycin, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, gemcitabine, cytosine arabinoside, podophyllotoxin or podophyllotoxin derivatives such as etoposide, etoposide phosphate or teniposide, melphalan, vinblastine, vincristine, leurosidine, vindesine, and leurosine.
  • anti-cancer and other cytotoxic agents include the following: epothHone derivatives as found in U.S. Serial No. 09/506,481 filed February 17, 2000 (Attorney Docket No. LD186); German Patent No. 4138042.8; WO 97/19086, WO 98/22461, WO 98/25929, WO 98/38192, WO 99/01124, WO 99/02224, WO 99/02514, WO 99/03848, WO 99/07692, WO 99/27890, WO 99/28324, WO 99/43653, WO 99/54330, WO 99/54318, WO 99/54319, WO 99/65913, WO 99/67252, WO 99/67253, and WO 00/00485; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors as found in WO 99/24416; and prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors as found in WO 97/30992 and WO
  • test compound a compound as a PTK inhibitor.
  • test compound a compound described in the following Examples have been tested in one or more of these assays, and have shown activity.
  • Enzyme Assay Using Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Src, Blk or Yes The following assay has been carried out using the protein tyrosine kinases Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Src, Blk and Yes.
  • the protein tyrosine kinase of interest is incubated in kinase buffer (20 mM MOPS, ⁇ H7, 10 mM MgCl 2 ) in the presence of the test compound.
  • the reaction is initiated by the addition of substrates to the final concentration of 1 ⁇ M ATP, 3.3 ⁇ Ci/ml [33P] gamma-ATP, and 0.1 mg/ml acid denatured enolase (prepared as described in Cooper, J.A., Esch, F.S., Taylor, S.S., and Hunter, T., "Phosphorylation sites in enolase and lactate dehydrogenase utilized by tyrosine protein kinases in vivo and in vitro", J.
  • This assay is advantageous as it employs an exogenous substrate (enolase) for more accurate enzyme kinetics, and can be conducted in a 96- well format that is readily automated.
  • Enolase exogenous substrate
  • His-tagged protein tyrosine kinases (described below) offer much higher production yields and purity relative to GST-protein tyrosine kinase fusion protein.
  • the protein tyrosine kinase may be obtained from commercial sources or by recombinant methods described herewith.
  • human Lck was prepared as a His-tagged fusion protein using the Life Technologies (Gibco) baculovirus vector pFastBac Hta (commercially available) in insect cells.
  • pFastBac Hta commercially available
  • a cDNA encoding human Lck isolated by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was inserted into the vector and the protein was expressed using the methods described by the manufacturer.
  • the Lck was purified by affinity chromatography.
  • kinase buffer that contained 20 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, bovine serum albumin at 0.1 mg/ml, poly(glu/tyr, 4:1) at 0.1 mg/ml, l ⁇ M ATP, and 4 ⁇ Ci/ml [gamma- 33 P]ATP.
  • Poly(glu/tyr, 4:1) is a synthetic polymer that serves as a phosphoryl acceptor and is purchased from Sigma Chemicals. The kinase reaction is initiated by the addition of enzyme and the reaction mixtures were incubated at 26°C for 1 h.
  • HERl cytoplasmic sequence of the receptor were expressed in insect cells as a GST fusion protein, which was purified by affinity chromatography as described above for Lck.
  • the cytoplasmic sequence of HER2 was subcloned into the baculovirus expression vector pBlueBac4 (Invitrogen) and was expressed as an untagged protein in insect cells.
  • the recombinant protein was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography.
  • Jurkat T cells are incubated with the test compound and then stimulated by the addition of antibody to CD3 (monoclonal antibody G19- 4). Cells are lysed after 4 minutes or at another desired time by the addition of a lysis buffer containing NP-40 detergent. Phosphorylation of proteins is detected by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. Detection of phosphorylation of specific proteins of interest such as ZAP-70 is detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-ZAP-70 antibody followed by anti- phosphotyrosine immunoblotting.
  • Calcium assay Lck inhibitors block calcium mobilization in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies.
  • Cells are loaded with the calcium indicator dye indo- 1, treated with anti-CD3 antibody such as the monoclonal antibody G19-4, and calcium mobilization is measured using flow cytometry by recording changes in the blue/violet indo-1 ratio as described in Schieven, G.L., Mittler, R.S., Nadler, S.G., Kirihara, J.M., Bolen, J.B., Kanner, S.B., and Ledbetter, J.A., "ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase, CD45 and T cell receptor involvement in UV and H 2 0 2 induced T cell signal transduction", J. Biol. Chem., 269, 20718-20726 (1994), and the references incorporated therein.
  • Lck inhibitors inhibit the proliferation of normal human peripheral blood T cells stimulated to grow with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies.
  • a 96 well plate is coated with a monoclonal antibody to CD3 (such as G19- 4), the antibody is allowed to bind, and then the plate is washed. The antibody bound to the plate serves to stimulate the cells.
  • Normal human peripheral blood T cells are added to the wells along with test compound plus anti-CD28 antibody to provide co-stimulation. After a desired period of time (e.g., 3 days), the [3H]-thymidine is added to the cells, and after further incubation to allow incorporation of the label into newly synthesized DNA, the cells are harvested and counted in a scintillation counter to measure cell proliferation.
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Ethyl-2-feri ⁇ butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-earboxylate A suspension of ethyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (18.6 g, 100 mmol), di-t-butyldicarbonate (26.2 g, 120 mmol) and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (800 mg, 6.55 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was stirred under nitrogen for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in dichloromethane (1 L) and filtered through a pad of celite.
  • Compound 5C was prepared by an analogous method as that of IC, except using 5B to give the title compound 5C as a white solid (90%).
  • Compound 5D was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using 5C to give the title compound 5D as a light yellow solid (93%).
  • Compound 11A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3A, except using ethyl-2-amino-thiazole-5-carboxylate to give the title compound 11A as a white solid (79.5%).
  • Compound 11B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3B, except using HA to give the title compound 11B as a white solid (95.5%).
  • Compound 11D was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using 11C to give the title compound 11D as an off-white solid (70%).
  • Compound 12 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 11D to give the title compound 12 as a light yellow solid (88%).
  • the column was washed sequentially with dichloromethane (9 mL), dichloromethane-methanol (9 mL, 4:1), dichloromethane-methanol (9 mL, 1:1), methanol (9 mL), 0.01 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol (9 mL) and 0.05 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol (9 mL).
  • the elutes were collected separetely by the robot and then concentrated using a speed vac. Fractions containing the products were combined.
  • ⁇ PLC Ret Time is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H 2 0, 0.2% H 3 P0 4 ) to 100% 04 0
  • Compound 132 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using ethyl-2-fer ⁇ -butoxycarbonyloxyaminomethyl-4-methyl-thiazole-5- carboxylate to give the title compound 132 as a tan solid.
  • Compound 133 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 132 to give the title compound 133 as a white solid (91%).
  • Compound 134 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using N-methyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline to give the title compound 134 as a white solid (60%).
  • Compound 138 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 137 to give the title compound 138 as a white solid (89%).
  • Compound 140 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 53 to give the title compound 140 as a light tan solid (100%).
  • Compound 141 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 13 to give the title compound 141 as an off-white solid (100%).
  • Compound 143 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 15 to give the title compound 143 as a light tan solid (70%).
  • Compound 144 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 19 to give the title compound 144 as a light tan solid (81%).
  • Compound 145 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 17 to give the title compound 145 as a light tan solid (68%).
  • Compound 146 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 16 to give the title compound 146 as a light tan solid (100%).
  • Compound 150 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using butyric anhydride to give the title compound 150 as a white solid (76%).
  • Compound 151 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using valeric anhydride to give the title compound 151 as a white solid (77%).
  • Compound 152 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using hexanoic anhydride to give the title compound 152 as a white solid (75%).
  • Examples 156 to 170 General Procedure Compounds 156 to 170 were prepared following the procedure described below. Diisopropylethyl amine (60 ⁇ L, 0.34 mmol) was added to a mixture of amine 2 (30 mg, 0.11 mmol), appropriate carboxylic acid (0.13 mmol), 1- hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (19.5 mg, 0.14 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3- dimethylamino)-propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (26.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (1 mL). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube under argon at 45 °C for 24 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 L) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (2 mL, 3x), dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and concentrated using a speedvac.
  • the crude products were either triturated with dichloromethane-ether (5 mL, 1:1) or purified by silica gel chromatography (elution solvent: 50% EtOAC in hexanes and EtOAc).
  • the crude product was purified either by trituration with ether or ether-hexanes mixture, or by chromatography on a silica gel column (elution solvent 20-40% EtOAc in hexanes) followed by trituration or by passing through Varian cation exchange SCX cartridge and sequentially eluted with methanol (5 mL), dichloromethane (5 mL), acetonitrile-methanol (10 mL, 4:1) and methanol- 2 M methanolic ammonia (10 mL, 4:1) to obtain the title compound.
  • Compound 307 was prepared following the procedure described below. A suspension solution of 2-[[(Butylamino)carbonyl]amino]-4-methyl-5- thiazole carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.36 mmol), and HATU (170 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (62 mL, 0.44 mmol). The mixture was heated to 60°C for 2 h, cooled, diluted with dichloromethane (12 mL), washed with 8M aq. Urea solution in 2 N aq. HCl (6 mL, 3x), 5% aq.
  • ⁇ PLC Ret Time is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H 2 0, 0.2% H 3 P0 4 ) to 100% 04/085388
  • Diisopropylethylamine (87 ⁇ L, 0.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 312 B (99 mg, 0.42 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (68 ⁇ L, 0.5 mmol), and [0-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium]hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 191 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight, diluted with EtOAc and washed with 0.5 N aq. HCl solution (15 mL), 10% aq.
  • Compound 314 was prepared by an analogous method as that of compounds 171-180, using ethylisocyanate to give the title compound 314 as a white solid (65%).
  • Compound 317 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using methyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-acetate to give the title compound 317 as an off-white solid.
  • Compound 318 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 2, except using 317 to give the title compound 318 as a light brown solid.
  • Compound 320 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 4-ethyl-2-amino ⁇ yridine to give the title compound 320.
  • Compound 321 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2,6-dimethyl-4-aminopyrimidine to give the title compound 321.
  • Compound 322 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 3-aminopyridazine to give the title compound 322.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution.
  • the dichloromethane solution was passed through a Varian Mega Bond Elut SCX cation exchange column (prewashed with methanol and equilibrated with acetonitrile- methanol (4:1).
  • the column was eluted sequentially with acetonitrile- methanol (4:1), methanol-2M methanolic ammonia (4:1). Fractions containing the product were combined and concentrated in vacuo.
  • HPLC Ret Time is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 0
  • ⁇ PLC Ret Time is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 04/085388
  • Compound 363 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2,6-dimethylaniline to give the title compound 363.
  • Compound 364 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2,4, 6-trimethylaniline to give the title compound 364.
  • Compound 365 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylaniline to give the title compound 365. 004/085388
  • Compound 366 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1 except, using 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-4-acetic acid to give the title compound 366 as a white solid.
  • Compound 371 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-5-oxazolecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 371 as a light yellow foam.
  • Compound 372 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 369 to give the title compound 372 as a white solid.
  • Compound 373 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 6-aminonicotinic acid to give the title compound 373 as a white solid.
  • Compound 374 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 3-amino-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 374 as a white solid.
  • Compound 375 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 2-amino-4-methyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 375 as a white solid. 04/085388
  • Compound 376 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridine to give the title compound 376 as an off-white solid.
  • Compound 378 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2-amino-6-propyl-pyridine to give the title compound 378 as an off-white solid.
  • Compound 379 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 4-amino-6-ethyl-pyrimidine to give the title compound 379 as a white solid.
  • 1, 1-dimethylethyl ester Compound 410A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315C, except using 2,6-dimethylaniline.
  • Compound 428A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315C, except using 2,4,6-trimethylaniline.
  • Compound 428B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315D, except using compound 428A.
  • the title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using compound 428B and 2-aminopyridine. HPLC Ret. Time 3.66min.
  • Compound 462A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444A, except using 4,6-dichloropyrimidine.
  • Compound 481A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 2-chloro-6-aminopyrazine in place of compound 2- bromo-6-aminopyridine.
  • Compound 406 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 481 A in place of compound 473B.
  • Compound 487A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 3-chloro-5-aminopyridazine in place of compound 2-bromo-6-aminopyridine.
  • Compound 487B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 487A in place of compound 473B.
  • the title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 487B in place of compound 444A, and 3- hydroxypyrrolidine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.493min.
  • Compound 488 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 487C, except using imidazole in place of 3-hydroxypyrrolidine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.61min. Example 489
  • Compound 489A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 2-chloro-3-aminopyrazine in place of compound 2- bromo-6-aminopyridine.
  • Compound 495 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 319A in place of compound 444A, and using cyclohexylamine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 3.547min.
  • Compound 514A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminonapthaline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine.
  • Compound 515A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminoquinoline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine .
  • Compound 516A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 3-aminoisoquinoline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine .
  • the title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 516A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 3.94min.
  • Compound 517A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminoquinoxaline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine.
  • the title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 517A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 3.927min.
  • Compound 518A was prepared from 144 by an analogous method as that of 319A.
  • Compound 518B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473A, except using 518A in place of 319A.
  • Compound 518C was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 518B in place of 473A, and 4-amino-6-chloro-2- methylpyrimidine in place of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine.
  • Compound 518D was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using 518C in place of 473B.
  • Compound 519 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 518E, except using N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine in place of morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.493min.
  • Compound 520A was prepared from 2-aminothiazole according to the procedure described in UK Patent Application GB 2323595A.
  • Compound 520C was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 520B in place of 319A.
  • Compound 520D was prepared from compound 520C by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
  • Compound 521A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using phenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
  • Compound 521B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 521A in place of 319A.
  • Compound 521C was prepared from compound 521B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
  • Compound 522A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 2-methylphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
  • Compound 522B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 522A in place of 319A.
  • Compound 522C was prepared from compound 522B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
  • Compound 524A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 3,5-dimethoxyphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
  • Compound 524B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 524A in place of 319A.
  • Compound 524C was prepared from compound 524B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
  • Compound 525A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 2,2-diisopropylphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
  • Compound 525B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 525A in place of 319A.
  • Compound 525C was prepared from compound 525B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
  • Compound 529 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using 528 and 6-bromo-2-aminopyridine as the reactants.
  • Compound 539 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using ethyl 2-bromo-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 6-bromo-2-aminopyridine as the reactants.
  • Compound 551 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using ethyl 2-bromo-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 6-bromo-2- aminopyridine as the reactants.
  • thiazolecarboxamide 319A an aniline (1 eq), 1.0 N aqueous HCl (0.5 eq)

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Abstract

Novel cyclic compounds and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders.

Description

CYCLIC PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS
This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.
Application Serial Number 09/548,929, filed on April 13, 2000, which claims priority from provisional U.S. Application Serial No. 60/129,510, filed on April 15, 1999, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cyclic compounds and salts thereof, to methods of using such compounds in treating protein tyrosine kinase- associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
Background of the Invention
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are enzymes which, in conjuction with ATP as a substrate, phosphorylate tyrosine residues in peptides and proteins. These enzymes are key elements in the regulation of cell signaling including cell proliferation and cell differentiation. PTKs comprise, inter alia, receptor tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), including members of the epidermal growth factor kinase family (e.g., HER1 and HER2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and kinases that play a role in angiogenesis (Tie-2 and KDR); and, in addition, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, including members of the Syk, JAK and Src (e.g. Src, Fyn, Lyn, Lck and Blk) families (see Bolen, J.B., Rowley, R.B., Spana, C, and Tsygankov, A.Y., "The src family of tyrosine protein kinases in hemopoietic signal transduction", FASEB J., 6, 3403-3409 (1992); Ullrich, A. and Schlessinger, J., "Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity", Cell, 61, 203-212 (1990); and Hale, J.N., "The Janus protein tyrosine kinases in hematopoetic cytokine signaling", Sem. Immunol., 7, 247-254 (1995)).
Enhanced activity of PTKs has been implicated in a variety of malignant and nonmalignant proliferative diseases. In addition, PTKs play a central role in the regulation of cells of the immune system. PTK inhibitors can thus impact a wide variety of oncologic and immunologic disorders. Such disorders may be ameliorated by selective inhibition of a certain receptor or non-receptor PTK, such as Lck, or due to the homology among PTK classes, by inhibition of more than one PTK by an inhibitor. A PTK of particular interest is Lck which is found in T cells where it is involved in phosphorylating key protein substrates. It is required for productive antigen receptor signaling and cell activation. In the absence of Lck activity, the T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain is not phosphorylated, the kinase ZAP-70 is not activated, and Ca2+ mobilization essential for T cell activation does not occur (see Weiss, A. and Littman, D.R., "Signal transduction by lymphocyte antigen receptors", Cell, 76, 263-274 (1994); Iwashima, M., Irving, B.A., van Oers, N.S.C., Chan, A.C., and Weiss, A., "Sequential interactions of the TCR with two distinct cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases", Science, 263, 1136-1139 (1994); and Chan, A.C., Dalton, M.,
Johnson, R., Kong, G., Wang, T., Thoma, R., and Kurosaki, T., "Activation of ZAP-70 kinase activity by phosphorylation of tyrosine 493 is required for lymphocyte antigen receptor function", EMBO J., 14, 2499-2508 (1995)). Inhibitors of Lck are thus useful in the treatment of T-cell mediated disorders such as chronic diseases with an important T cell component, for example rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus, as well as acute diseases where T cells are known to play an essential role, for example acute transplant rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides cyclic compounds of the following formula I and salts thereof, for use as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors:
where Q is:
(1) a 5-membered heteroaryl ring;
(2) a 6-menιbered heteroaryl ring; or
(3) an aryl ring; optionally substituted with one or more groups Rx; Z is:
(1) a single bond;
(2) -R15C=CH-; or
(3) -(CH2)m-, where m is 1 to 2;
Xx and X^ are each hydrogen, or together form =0 or =S; Rx is:
(1) hydrogen or R6, where R6 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and one or more (preferably, one or two) groups Z3;
(2) -OH or -OR6;
(3) -SH or -SR6; (4) -C(0)2H, -C(0)qR6, or -0-C(0)qR6, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -S03H or -S(0)qR6;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro; (9) -Z4-NR7R8;
(10) -Z4-N(R9) Z5-NR10Ru;
(11) -Z4-N(R12)-Z5-R6;
(12) -P(0)(OR6)2;
R2 and R3 are each independently: (1) hydrogen or R6;
(2) -Z4-R6; or
(3) -Z13-NR7R8; R4 and R5:
(1) ' are each independently hydrogen or R6; (2) -Z4-N(R9)-Z6-NR10RU;
(3) -N(R9)Z4R6; or
(4) together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocychc ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and Z3, which heterocychc ring may optionally have fused to it a benzene ring itself unsubstituted or substituted with Z Z2 and Z3;
Figure imgf000005_0001
(1) are each independently hydrogen or R6; (2) R7 and R8 may together be alkylene, alkenylene or heteroalkyl, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and Z3; or
(3) any two of R9, R10 and Ru may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and Z3;
R13 is:
(1) cyano;
(2) nitro;
(3) -NH2;
(4) -NHOalkyl;
(5) -OH;
(6) -NHOaryl;
(7) -NHCOOalkyl;
(8) -NHCOOaryl;
(9) -NHS02alkyl;
(10) -NHS02aryl;
(11) aryl;
(12) heteroaryl;
(13) -Oalkyl; or
(14) -Oaryl; R14 is:
(1) -N02;
(2) -COOalkyl; or
(3) -COOaryl;
R15 is: (1) hydrogen;
(2) alkyl;
(3) aryl;
(4) arylalkyl; or
(5) cycloalkyl; and Z3 are each independently:
(I) hydrogen or Z6, where Z6 is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is itself substituted by one or more of the same or different groups (i); or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (16) of the definition of Zx, Z2 and Z3; (2) -OH or -OZ6;
(3) -SH or -SZ6;
(4) -C(0)qH, -C(0)qZ6, or -0-C(0)qZ6;
(5) -S03H, -S(0)qZ6; or S(0)qN(Z9)Z6;
(6) halo; (7) cyano;
(8) nitro;
(9) -Z4-NZ7Z8;
(10) -Z4-N(Z9)-Z5-NZ7Z8;
(II) -Z4-N(Z10)-Z5-Z6; (12) -Z4-N(Z10)-Z5-H;
(13) oxo;
(14) -0-C(0)-Z6;
(15) any two of Zv Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; or (16) any two of Zx, Z2, and Z3 may together be -0-(CH2)r-0- ,where r is 1 to 5, completing a 4- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; Z4 and Z5 are each independently:
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Zn-S(0)q-Z12-; (3) -Zu-C(0)-Z12-;
(4) -Zn-C(S)-Z12-;
(5) -Zu-0-Z12-;
(6) -Zn-S-Z12-;
(7) -Zn-0-C(0)-Z12-; or (8) -Zu-C(0)-0-Z12-;
Z7, Z8, Z9 and Z10:
(1) are each independently hydrogen or Z6;
(2) Z7 and Z8, or Z6 and Z10, may together be alkylene or alkenylene, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and Z3; or
(3) Z7 or Z8, together with Z9, may be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Zv Z2 and Z -"33> Zu and Z12 are each independently: (1) a single bond; (2) alkylene; (3) alkenylene; or
(4) alkynylene; and
Z13 is:
(1) a single bond; (2) -Zu-S(0)q-Z12-;
(3) -Zu-C(0)-Z12-;
(4) -Zn-C(S)-Z12-;
(5) -Zu-0-Z12-;
(6) -Zn-S-Z12-; (7) -Zu-0-C(0)-Z12-;
(8) -Zn-C(0)-0-Z12-;
(9) -C(NR13)-;
(10) -C(CHR14)-; or
(11) -C(C(R14)2)-. Compounds within formula I include compounds of the following formula II and salts thereof:
Figure imgf000009_0001
where n is 1 or 2
A is selected from carbon and nitrogen;
B is selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
Xg is oxygen or sulfur; and R R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as described above. Detailed Description of the Invention
The following are definitions of terms used in this specification. The initial definition provided for a group or term herein applies to that group or term throughout the present specification, individually or as part of another group, unless otherwise indicated.
The terms "alk" or "alkyl" refer to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The expression "lower alkyl" refers to alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The term "alkenyl" refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one double bond. Where an alkenyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a double bond. The term "alkynyl" refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms having at least one triple bond. Where an alkynyl group is bonded to a nitrogen / atom, it is preferred that such group not be bonded directly through a carbon bearing a triple bond. The term "alkylene" refers to a straight chain bridge of 1 to 5 carbon atoms connected by single bonds (e.g., -(CH2)χ- wherein x is 1 to 5), which may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.
The term "alkenylene" refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms having one or two double bonds that is connected by single bonds and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups. Exemplary alkenylene groups are -CH=CH-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH=CH-CH2-, -C(CH3)2CH=CH- and -CH(C2H5)-CH=CH-.
The term "alkynylene" refers to a straight chain bridge of 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has a triple bond therein, is connected by single bonds, and may be substituted with 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups. Exemplary alkynylene groups are -C≡≡ C-, -GE -C≡ C-, -CH(CH3)-C≡ C- and _C≡ C-CH(C2H5)CH2-.
The terms "ar" or "aryl" refer to aromatic cyclic groups (for example 6 membered monocyclic, 10 membered bicyclic or 14 membered tricyclic ring systems) which contain 6 to 14 carbon atoms. Exemplary aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and anthracene.
The terms "cycloalkyl" and "cycloalkenyl" refer to cyclic hydrocarbon groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
The terms "halogen" and "halo" refer to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
The term "unsaturated ring" includes partially unsaturated and aromatic rings.
The terms "heterocycle", "heterocychc" or "heterocyclo" refer to fully saturated or unsaturated, including non-aromatic (i.e. "heterocycloalkyl) and aromatic (i.e. "heteroaryl") cyclic groups, for example, 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems, which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom-containing ring. Each ring of the heterocychc group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may optionally be quaternized. The heterocychc group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom of the ring or ring system. Exemplary monocyclic heterocychc groups include pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane and tetrahydro-l,l-dioxothienyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, and the like. Exemplary bicyclic heterocychc groups include indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, tetra-hydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3-c]pyridinyl, furo[3,2-b]pyridinyl] or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl (such as 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinazolinyl), tetrahydroquinolinyl and the like.
Exemplary tricyclic heterocychc groups include carbazolyl, benzidolyl, phenanthrolinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, xanthenyl and the like. The term "heteroaryl" refers to aromatic heterocychc groups.
Exemplary heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, and the like. Where q is 1 or 2, "-C(0)qH" denotes -C(0)-H or -C(0)-OH; "-C(0)qR6" or "-C(0)qZ6" denote, respectively, -C(0)-R6 or -C(0)-OR6, or -C(0)-Z6 or - C(0)-OZ6; "-0-C(0)qR6" or "-0-C(0)qZ6" denote, respectively, -0-C(0)-R6 or - 0-C(0)-OR6, or -0-C(0)-Z6 or -0-C(0)-OZ6; and "-S(0)qR6" or "-S(0)qZ6" denote, respectively, -SO-R6 or -S02-R6, or -SO-Z6 or -S02-Z6. Compounds of the formula I may in some cases form salts which are also within the scope of this invention. Reference to a compound of the formula I herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated. The term "salt(s)", as employed herein, denotes acidic and/or basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids and bases. Zwitterions (internal or inner salts) are included within the term "salt(s)" as used herein (and may be formed, for example, where the R substituents comprise an acid moiety such as a carboxyl group). Also included herein are quaternary ammonium salts such as alkylammonium salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are useful, for example, in isolation or purification steps which may be employed during preparation. Salts of the compounds of the formula I may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound I with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates (such as those formed with acetic acid or trihaloacetic acid, for example, trifluoroacetic acid), adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pectinates, persulfates,
3-phenylpropionates, phosphates, picrates, pivalates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates (such as those formed with sulfuric acid), sulfonates (such as those mentioned herein), tartrates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates, undecanoates, and the like. Exemplary basic salts (formed, for example, where the R substituents comprise an acidic moiety such as a carboxyl group) include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines, N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like. The basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g. dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates), long chain halides (e.g. decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (e.g. benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein. The term "prodrug", as employed herein, denotes a compound which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of the formula I, or a salt and/or solvate thereof. Solvates of the compounds of formula I are preferably hydrates. All stereoisomers of the present compounds, such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on the R substituents of the compound of the formula I, including enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention. Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers. The chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
Throughout the specification, groups and substituents thereof are chosen to provide stable moieties and compounds.
Preferred Compounds Preferred compounds of the present invention are compounds of the formula I, and salts thereof, wherein Q is thiazole and wherein one or more, and especially all, of Z, X Xg 1? R2, R3, R4, and R5 are selected from the following definitions: Z is a single bond;
Rx is selected from hydrogen, halo, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl and is more preferably hydrogen; Xx and X, together form =0 or =S and more preferably form =0; R2 is hydrogen;
R3 is selected from -Z4-R6 or -Z13-NR7R8 and is more preferably -Z4-R6 wherein Z4 is a single bond and R6 is aryl or heteroaryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with Z Z2 and one or more (preferably, one or two) groups Z3;
R4 is hydrogen; and
R5 is selected from aryl groups or heteroaryl groups which are substituted with Zv Z2 and one or more (such as one or two) groups Z3.
Methods of Preparation The compounds of the formula I may be prepared by methods such as those illustrated in the following Schemes A through E and I through XI. Solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may readily be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. All documents cited are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Starting materials are commercially available or readily prepared by one of ordinary skill in the art. Constituents of compounds are as defined elsewhere in the specification or as specifically defined in a scheme. The methods described herein may be carried out with starting materials and/or reagents in solution or alternatively, where appropriate, with one or more starting materials or reagents bound to a solid support (see (1) Thompson, L. A., Ellman, J. A., Chemical Reviews, 96, 555-600 (1996); (2) Terrett, N. K, Gardner, M., Gordon, D. W., Kobylecki, R. J., Steele, J., Tetrahedron, 51, 8135-8173 (1995); (3) Gallop, M. A., Barrett, R. W., Dower, W. J., Fodor, S. P. A., Gordon, E. M., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 37, 1233-1251 (1994); (4) Gordon, E. M., Barrett, R. W., Dower, W. J., Fodor, S. P. A., Gallop, M. A., Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 37, 1385-1401 (1994); (5) Balkenhohl, F., von dem Bussche-Hunnefeld, Lansky, A., Zechel, C, Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 35, 2288-2337 (1996); (6) Balkenhohl, F., von dem Bussche- Hunnefeld, Lansky, A., Zechel, C, Angewandte Chemie, 108, 2436-2487 (1996); and (7) Sofia, M. J., Drugs Discovery Today, 1, 27-34 (1996)).
Scheme A
Figure imgf000017_0001
Scheme A illustrates a general method for forming compound la, which is a compound of the formula I where Xλ and XJJ together form =0. As shown in Scheme A, compound la where R2 and R3 are hydrogen may be formed by saponification of i , (R* is a carboxyl protecting group such as alkyl or arylalkyl) followed by reaction with amine iii by methods known in the art. Alternatively.! may be reacted with R2L, where L is a leaving group such as halogen (for example, in equimolar portions), optionally followed by reaction with R3L (for example, in equimolar portions) to form ii. Also alternatively, i may be subjected to reductive amination using the appropriate aldehyde or ketone to form ii. The compound ii may then be saponified and reacted with amine iii, under conditions known to those skilled in the art, to form la where R2 and/or R3 are other than hydrogen.
Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
Scheme B
Figure imgf000019_0001
1a
Ph3P=CHCOOR*
Figure imgf000019_0002
Figure imgf000019_0003
Figure imgf000019_0004
Scheme B illustrates a general method for forming compound lb, which is a compound of formula I where Z is -CH=CH- and X1 and X2 together form =0. As shown in Scheme B, a 2-halo-compound yi can be prepared by reacting an appropriately substituted 2-amino-compound ia with copper (ii) halide and an alkyl nitrite such as tert-butyl nitrite in an aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile to form 2-halo-compound iy (see J. Het. Chem. 22, 1621 (1985)). Compound iv can be reduced with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in ethanol or aqueous tetrahydrofuran to form an alcohol, which can be oxidized with an oxidizing agent such as pyridinium chlorochromate or pyridinium dichromate to form aldehyde v. Compound v can be reacted with an alkyl(triphenylphosphorylidene) acetate to form carboxylate vi. Compound vi can be saponified and then reacted with an amine iii by methods known to those skilled in the art to form vii. Compound vii can be reacted with an amine R2R3NH to form lb where Z is -CH=CH- and X1? X. together form =0. Alternatively, compounds of formula lb where R2 and R3 are H, can be formed by reacting compound vii with an appropriately substituted benzyl amine such as 4- methoxybenzyl amine to form compound ix, which can be hydrogenolyzed or treated with an acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole to form lb where R2 and R3 are hydrogen.
Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
Scheme C
Figure imgf000021_0001
1. Saponification 1. Ph3P=CHCOOR*
2. R15Li 2. Deprotection
Figure imgf000021_0002
H,
Figure imgf000021_0003
xiii
R2 and/or R3 ° H Scheme C illustrates a general method for forming compound Ic, which is a compound of formula I where Z is -R15C=CH- and Xt and XJJ together form =0. As shown in Scheme C, a 2-amino-compound ia can be reacted with a chloroformate or dicarbonate to form x, which can be saponified and treated with an organolithium reagent to form compound xi. Compound xi may be reacted with an alkyl(triphenylphosphorylidene)acetate, followed by deprotection of the carbamate protecting group to form xii. Alternatively, compound Ic where R2 and R3 are hydrogen may be formed by saponification of xii followed by reaction with an amine R4R5NH by methods known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, compound xii may be reacted with R2L where L is a leaving group such as halogen (for example, in equimolar portions), optionally followed by reaction with R3L (for example, in equimolar portions) to form xiii, which may be saponified and reacted with an amine R4R5NH by methods known to those skilled in the art to form Ia where R2 and/or R3 are other than hydrogen.
Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
Scheme D
Figure imgf000023_0001
Scheme D illustrates a general method for forming compound Id, which is a compound of the formula I where X2 and X2 together form =S. The compounds of the formula Ia obtained in Scheme A may be converted into the corresponding thioamide Id using a reagent such as Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-l,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4- disulfide (see Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 87, 223 (1978)).
Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
Scheme E
Figure imgf000024_0001
Scheme E illustrates a general method for forming compound le, which is a compound of the formula I where Xx and Xg are each hydrogen. As shown in Scheme E, the compound of the formula Id obtained in Scheme D may be converted into the corresponding amine le by reduction, for example, by reaction with Raney nickel. Methods for preparing preferred substituents on the compounds I are illustrated in the following Schemes I to XI.
Scheme I
Figure imgf000025_0001
(A) peptide bond synthesis, i.e., contact with R_ R„ s^N 4 I H
OR in
(B) synthesis via acid chloride, i.e.,
(1) thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride
(2) RsyR4
H
Figure imgf000025_0002
R3 = COORs x1 l x2 = o starting from£: R2 = alkyl, arylalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl starting from3: R2 = H As shown in Scheme I, carboxylate i can be reacted with a chloroformate or dicarbonate to form 1. Compound 1 can be treated with a base such as sodium hydride, sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, or lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), and an alkylating agent RgX where X is halogen and R2 is preferably alkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl, and then saponified with an aqueous base such as potassium hydroxide to give 2. Alternatively, 1 can the subjected to reductive amination using the appropriate aldehyde or ketone and saponified with an aqueous base such as potassium hydroxide to give 2. Compound 1 may, alternatively, be simply saponified with an aqueous base such as potassium hydroxide to give 3 where R2 is hydrogen.
Acid 2 may be reacted with an amine iii using reaction conditions well known in the art for peptide bond synthesis (see, for example, Bodanszky and Bodanszky, The Practice of Peptide Chemistry, Springer- Verlag, 1984; Bodanszky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis,
Springer- Verlag, 1984) to give the compound Id which a compound of the formula I where X1 and ^ together form =0, R3 is COOR6, and, since 2 is the starting material, R2 is preferably alkyl, arylalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl. For example, reagents which activate the carboxyl group of 2 for reaction with the amine iv include bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOP chloride), benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP reagent), [0-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium] hexafluorophosphate (HATU), and carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or 3-ethyl-3'- (dimethylamino)propylcarbodiimide (EDCI) either alone or in combination with a hydroxybenzotriazole. Alternatively, the activated ester intermediate can be isolated and then treated with the appropriate amine iv in a nonprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of a base, for example, an organic base such as sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7- ene (DBU), or an inorganic base such as sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate or sodium or potassium hydride. Alternatively, the acid halide of 2 may be prepared, for example, by reaction with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride, followed by subsequent reaction with amine iii to provide compound If, which is a compound of the formula I where R3 is COOR6, X and ^ together form =0, and R2 is alkyl, arylalkyl or chycloalkylalkyl.
Similar reactions as employed above for the conversion of 2 to If may be used to convert 3 to If where R3 is COOR6, Xx and X^ together form =0, and R2 is hydrogen.
Scheme II
Reduction
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000028_0002
Amination
Figure imgf000028_0003
Xi, X2 = H R2, R3 ≠ H
As shown in Scheme II, acid 4 where R2 and R3 are not hydrogen and are selected such that the nitrogen to which they are attached is non- basic, is reduced to the aldehyde 5 by methods well know in the art (see March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 1985). For example, the acid 4_may be converted to its corresponding ester followed by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride. Alternatively, the acid 4_may be reduced to the corresponding primary alcohol, for example, by treatment with borane/THF, LiAlH4, or via reduction of a mixed anhydride, followed by subsequent oxidation to the aldehyde 5_using Cr(VI) (e.g., pyridinium chlorochromate, "PCC") or under Swern or Moffatt conditions (e.g., (COCi dimethylsulfoxide). The starting acid 4 may be obtained, for example, by saponification of ii.
Reductive amination (see Hudlicky, Reductions in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 1984) of aldehyde 5 with amine iii in the presence of a reducing agent such as NaBH3CN, NaBH(OAc)3 (Ac = acetyl) or hydrogen and a palladium catalyst produces the amine compound Ig, which is a compound of the formula I where Xx and ^ are each hydrogen and R2 and R3 are each not hydrogen.
Scheme III
Figure imgf000030_0001
R2. R3 ≠ H
As shown in Scheme III, reduction of the acid 4 to a primary alcohol (for example, by treatment with borane/tetrahydrofuran, LiAlH4, or via reduction of a mixed anhydride), followed by conversion by methods well known in the art (see March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley, 1985), provides 6 which contains a leaving group such as a halide, tosylate (OTs), mesylate (OMs) or triflate (OTf). The groups R2 and R3 are selected such that the resulting nitrogen to which they are attached is non-basic. Compound 6 can then be converted into compound Ih, which is a compound of the formula I where Xx and X^ are each hydrogen and R2 and R3 are each not hydrogen, by a displacement reaction with amine iii, preferably where amine iii is used in excess. Scheme TV
R2 = any group as defined R3 = acyl or thioacyl
Figure imgf000031_0001
Carbamate
Figure imgf000031_0002
UreaThioυrea
Figure imgf000031_0003
tXι,X2 ≠H]
Scheme IV illustrates methods which may be used for the preparation of compounds Ij, Ik, II, Im and In. Ij, Ik, II, Im and In are compounds of the formula I where R2 is any group as defined, R3 is an acyl or thioacyl group, Xx and Xg are not hydrogen, and Rt is not a primary or secondary amine. Ij, Ik, II, Im and In have other particular substituents which are specified in this Scheme and below. The starting compound Ii can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
Amide Ij can be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a carboxylic acid 7 in the presence of reagents which activate the carboxyl group for reaction as described above, for example BOP reagent, HATU, and carbodiimides such as DCC or EDCI either alone or in combination with a hydroxybenztriazole. Alternatively, the acid halide 8 may be reacted with amine compound Ii in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine. The corresponding thioamide Ik can be prepared by the treatment of amide Ii (where X X^ ≠ O) with Lawesson's reagent as described above.
Carbamate II can be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a chloroformate 9 or dicarbonate 10 in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine. The urea Im may be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with either: 1) a chloroformate 9, such as phenylchloroformate, followed by reaction with an amine 11; 2) a carbamoyl chloride 12 in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine; or 3) reaction with an isocyanate 13a (where Rc in Im = H). The corresponding thiourea In may be prepared by treatment of amine compound Ii with a thioisocyanate 13b.
Ra is selected from those groups included in the definition of R6 such that the group -C(=A)-Ra is an acyl or thioacyl group within the definition of R3. R,, and Rc are selected from those groups included in the definitions of R7 and R8, such that the group -C(=A)-N(Rb)(Ro) is an acyl or thioacyl group within the definition of R3.
Scheme V
R2 = any group as defined other than acyl
R3 = alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aralkyl or saturated heterocycle
Figure imgf000034_0001
[Xι.X2 °H]
Scheme V illustrates a method which can be used for the preparation of Ip, which is a compound of the formula I where R2 is any group as defined other than acyl, and which is selected such that the nitrogen to which it is attached is basic, R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aralkyl, or saturated heterocycle, and Xj_ and XJJ are not hydrogen. The starting compounds lo and Iq can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
As shown in Scheme V, amine compound lo is reacted with an aldehyde or ketone 14 under reductive amination conditions described above to give the amine Ip. Compound Ip may also be prepared by treatment of an amine compound Iq, where R2 and R3 are hydrogen, with t-butyl nitrite or sodium nitrite in the presence of a copper (II) halide to give the halo-substituted compound 15, followed by displacement with amine 16 in the presence of a base such as sodium or potassium hydride or the like (see Lee et al., J. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 22, 1621 (1985)).
Rd and Re are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, or together are alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring, such that the group -CH(Rd)(Re) is a group within the definition of R3.
Scheme VI
R2 = any group as defined other than acyl R3 = aryl, heteroaryl
Figure imgf000036_0001
As shown in Scheme VI, when R2 is any group as defined other than acyl, and is selected such that the nitrogen to which it is attached is basic, R3 is aryl or heteroaryl, and X and ^ are not hydrogen, amine compound Ir may be reacted with a halophenyl or haloheteroaromatic group 17 in the presence of a palladium (0) catalyst (see J. Am. Chem. Soc, 118, 7215 (1996)) to give amine Is, which is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme. The starting compound Ir can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
Scheme VII
R2 = any group as defined
R3 = heteroaryl
Figure imgf000037_0001
As shown in Scheme VII, when R2 is any group as defined and R3 is a heteroaromatic group, amine compound It may be reacted, in the presence of a base if needed, with a 2-halosubstituted heteroaromatic compound 17 where Q1? together with atoms to which is is bonded, forms a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic or 10- to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaromatic group (such as forming 2-chloropyridine or 2- chloropyrimidine) to give the amine lu, where lu is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme. The starting compound It can be prepared by suitable methods described in Schemes A and D.
Scheme VIII
Figure imgf000038_0001
[ X^ Xg ≠ H]
As shown in Scheme VTII, thiourea compound In (where Xx and j are not hydrogen) may be reacted with the appropriate amine in the presence of bis-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOP chloride) benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP-reagent), [0-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l, 1,3,3- tetramethyluronium]hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and carbodiimide, such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or 3-ethyl-3'-(dimethylamino)propyl carbodiimide (EDCI) or diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIG) in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or dimethylaminopyridine in solvents such as dimethylformamide, dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran to form compound Iv, which is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
Alternatively, Compound In can be reacted with the appropriate amine in the presence of a mercury (II) salt such as mercuric chloride, or by other methods known in the literature, to form Iv. Scheme DX
Phov /oph
Figure imgf000039_0001
Ir
Rx - C02 alkyl, CN,
Iw C02 aryl
Figure imgf000039_0002
[ X1( X2 ≠ H]
As shown in Scheme IX, amine Ir (where Xx and j are not hydrogen) can be reacted with diphenylcyanocarbonimidate either alone or in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyldisilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or dimethylformamide at room temperature or elevated temperature to form intermediate compound Iw. Compound Iw can be reacted with an amine R7R8NH to form compound Iv, which is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme. Scheme X
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000040_0002
Ix lϋ
Figure imgf000040_0003
As shown in Scheme X, compound Ir (where Xx and X^ are not hydrogen) can be reacted with 18 or 19 either alone or in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, sodium hexamethyl disilazide or dimethylaminopyridine in dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature or at higher temperature to form compounds Ix or Iy respectively, which can be reacted with an amine R7R8NH at room temperature or elevated temperature to form compounds Iz or Iz* respectively. Compound Iz is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme. Compound Iz* is a compound of the formula I having the particular substituents described in this Scheme.
Scheme XI
R2 = aryl, heteroaryl, bicyclic-heteroaryl
R3 = H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, bicyclic-heteroaryl
Figure imgf000042_0001
15
As shown in Scheme XI, compounds of formula I can also be prepared from 15 by treatment with the defined amine in the presence of an acid catalyst (for example, see: Gunzenhauser et al., Helv. Chim. Ada, 71, 33 (1988)).
The present invention further provides compounds of formula III:
Figure imgf000042_0002
wherein: each Ri, R3 and R4 is, independently, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents; and R2 is hydrogen or alkyl.
A preferred compound of the present invention is of formula IV:
Figure imgf000043_0001
IV
Utility The compounds of the present invention inhibit protein tyrosine kinases, especially Src-family kinases such as Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Src, Yes, Hck, Fgr and Blk, and are thus useful in the treatment, including prevention and therapy, of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders. The compounds inhibit also receptor tyrosine kinases including HER1 and HER2 and are therefore useful in the treatment of proliferative disorders such as psoriasis and cancer. The ability of these compounds to inhibit HER1 and other receptor kinases will also permit their use as anti-angiogenic agents to treat disorders such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy. "Protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders" are those disorders which result from aberrant tyrosine kinase activity, and/or which are alleviated by the inhibition of one or more of these enzymes. For example, Lck inhibitors are of value in the treatment of a number of such disorders (for example, the treatment of autoimmune diseases), as Lck inhibition blocks T cell activation. The treatment of T cell mediated diseases, including inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, is a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention. Compounds which selectively block T cell activation and proliferation are preferred. Compounds of the present invention which block the activation of endothelial cell PTK by oxidative stress, thereby limiting surface expression of adhesion molecules that induce neutrophil binding, and which inhibit PTK necessary for neutrophil activation are useful, for example, in the treatment of ischemia and reperfusion injury.
The present invention thus provides methods for the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders, comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof at least one compound of the formula I in an amount effective therefor. Other therapeutic agents such as those described below may be employed with the inventive compounds in the present methods. In the methods of the present invention, such other therapeutic agent(s) may be administered prior to, simultaneously with or following the administration of the compound(s) of the present invention.
Use of the compounds of the present invention in treating protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders is exemplified by, but is not limited to, treating a range of disorders such as: transplant (such as organ transplant, acute transplant or heterograft or homograft (such as is employed in burn treatment)) rejection; protection from ischemic or reperfusion injury such as ischemic or reperfusion injury incurred during organ transplantation, myocardial infarction, stroke or other causes; transplantation tolerance induction; arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or osteoarthritis); multiple sclerosis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as emphysema; inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; lupus (systemic lupus erythematosis); graft vs. host disease; T-cell mediated hypersensitivity diseases, including contact hypersensitivity, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy (Celiac disease); psoriasis; contact dermatitis (including that due to poison ivy); Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Sjogren's syndrome; Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' Disease; Addison's disease (autoimmune disease of the adrenal glands); Autoimmune polyglandular disease (also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome); autoimmune alopecia; pernicious anemia; vitiligo; autoimmune hypopituatarism; Guillain-Barre syndrome; other autoimmune diseases; cancers, including cancers where Lck or other Src-family kinases such as Src are activated or overexpressed, such as colon carcinoma and thymoma, and cancers where Src-family kinase activity facilitates tumor growth or survival; glomerulonephritis; serum sickness; uticaria; allergic diseases such as respiratory allergies (asthma, hayfever, allergic rhinitis) or skin allergies; scleracierma; mycosis fungoides; acute inflammatory responses (such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and ishchemia/reperfusion injury); dermato yositis; alopecia areata; chronic actinic dermatitis; eczema; Behcet's disease; Pustulosis palmoplanteris; Pyoderma gangrenum; Sezary's syndrome; atopic dermatitis; systemic schlerosis; and morphea. The present invention also provides a method for treating the aforementioned disorders such as atopic dermatitis by administration of any compound capable of inhibiting protein tyrosine kinase.
Src-family kinases other than Lck, such as Hck and Fgr, are important in the Fc gamma receptor responses of monocytes and macrophages. Compounds of the present invention inhibit the Fc gamma dependent production of TNF alpha in the monocyte cell line THP-1 that does not express Lck. The ability to inhibit Fc gamma receptor dependent monocyte and macrophage responses results in additional anti- inflammatory activity for the present compounds beyond their effects on T cells. This activity is especially of value, for example, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. In particular, the present compounds are of value for the treatment of autoimmune glomerulonephritis and other instances of glomerulonephritis induced by deposition of immune complexes in the kidney that trigger Fc gamma receptor responses leading to kidney damage. In addition, Src family kinases other than Lck, such as Lyn and Src, are important in the Fc epsilon receptor induced degranulation of mast cells and basophils that plays an important role in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic disease. Fc epsilon receptors are stimulated by IgE-antigen complexes. Compounds of the present invention inhibit the Fc epsilon induced degranulation responses, including in the basophil cell line RBL that does not express Lck. The ability to inhibit Fc epsilon receptor dependent mast cell and basophil responses results in additional anti-inflammatory activity for the present compounds beyond their effect on T cells. In particular, the present compounds are of value for the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other instances of allergic disease.
The combined activity of the present compounds towards monocytes, macrophages, T cells, etc. may be of value in the treatment of any of the aforementioned disorders.
In a particular embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of the aforementioned exemplary disorders irrespective of their etiology, for example, for the treatment of transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, graft v. host disease, T-cell mediated hypersensitivity disease, psoriasis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, cancer, contact dermatitis, allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, ischemic or reperfusion injury, or atopic dermatitis whether or not associated with PTK.
By virtue of their ability to inhibit HER1 and HER2 kinases, compounds of the present invention can also be used for the treatment of proliferative diseases, including psoriasis and cancer. The HER1 receptor kinase has been shown to be expressed and activated in many solid tumors including non-small cell lung, colorectal, and breast cancer. Similarly, the HER2 receptor kinase has been shown to be overexpressed in breast, ovarian, lung and gastric cancer. Monoclonal antibodies that downregulate the abundance of the HER2 receptor or inhibit signaling by the HERl receptor have shown anti-tumor effficacy in preclincal and clinical studies. It is therefore expected that inhibitors of the HERl and HER2 kinases will have efficacy in the treatment of tumors that depend on signaling from either of the two receptors. These compounds are expected to have efficacy either as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as placlitaxel (Taxol), doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin), and cisplatin (Platinol). See the following documents and references cited therein: Cobleigh, M. A., Vogel, C. L., Tripathy, D., Robert, N. J., Scholl, S., Fehrenbacher, L., Wolter, J. M., Paton, V., Shak, S., Lieberman, G., and Slamon, D. J., "Multinational study of the efficacy and safety of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody in women who have HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy for metastatic disease", J. of Clin. Oncol. 17(9), p. 2639-2648 (1999); Baselga, J., Pfister, D., Cooper, M. R., Cohen, R., Burtness, B., Bos, M., D'Andrea, G., Seidman, A., Norton, L., Gunnett, K., Falcey, J., Anderson, V., Waksal, H., and Mendelsohn, J., "Phase I studies of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor chimeric antibody C225 alone and in combination with cisplatin", J. Clin. Oncol. 18(4), p. 904-914 (2000).
The compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of cancers such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and others known to be associated with protein tyrosine kinases such as, for example, SRC, BCR-ABL and c-KIT. The compounds of the present invention are also useful in the treatment of cancers that are sensitive to and resistant to chemotherapeutic agents that target BCR-ABL and c-KIT, such as, for example, Gleevec® (STI-571).
The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds of the formula I capable of treating a protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorder in an amount effective therefor, and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or diluent. The compositions of the present invention may contain other therapeutic agents as described below, and may be formulated, for example, by employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents, as well as pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration (for example, excipients, binders, preservatives, stabilizers, flavors, etc.) according to techniques such as those well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation. The compounds of the formula I may be administered by any suitable means, for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; buccally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); nasally such as by inhalation spray; topically, such as in the form of a cream or ointment; or rectally such as in the form of suppositories; in dosage unit formulations containing non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents. The present compounds may, for example, be administered in a form suitable for immediate release or extended release. Immediate release or extended release may be achieved by the use of suitable pharmaceutical compositions comprising the present compounds, or, particularly in the case of extended release, by the use of devices such as subcutaneous implants or osmotic pumps. The present compounds may also be administered liposomally. Exemplary compositions for oral administration include suspensions which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweeteners or flavoring agents such as those known in the art; and immediate release tablets which may contain, for example, microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and or lactose and or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants such as those known in the art. The present compounds may also be delivered through the oral cavity by sublingual and/or buccal administration.
Molded tablets, compressed tablets or freeze-dried tablets are exemplary forms which may be used. Exemplary compositions include those formulating the present compound(s) with fast dissolving diluents such as mannitol, lactose, sucrose and/or cyclodextrins. Also included in such formulations may be high molecular weight excipients such as celluloses (avicel) or polyethylene glycols (PEG). Such formulations may also include an excipient to aid mucosal adhesion such as hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (SCMC), maleic anhydride copolymer (e.g., Gantrez), and agents to control release such as polyacrylic copolymer (e.g., Carbopol 934). Lubricants, glidants, flavors, coloring agents and stabilizers may also be added for ease of fabrication and use.
Exemplary compositions for nasal aerosol or inhalation administration include solutions in saline which may contain, for example, benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailabihty, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents such as those known in the art.
Exemplary compositions for parenteral administration include injectable solutions or suspensions which may contain, for example, suitable non-toxic, parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride solution, or other suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid. Exemplary compositions for rectal administration include suppositories which may contain, for example, a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug. Exemplary compositions for topical administration include a topical carrier such as Plastibase (mineral oil gelled with polyethylene).
The effective amount of a compound of the present invention may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, and includes exemplary- dosage amounts for an adult human of from about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight of active compound per day, which may be administered in a single dose or in the form of individual divided doses, such as from 1 to 4 times per day. It will be understood that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular subject may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the species, age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the subject, the mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and severity of the particular condition. Preferred subjects for treatment include animals, most preferably mammalian species such as humans, and domestic animals such as dogs, cats and the like, subject to protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders.
When administered intravenously, the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formula IH and IV, are preferably administered using the formulations of the invention. Generally, the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formula in and IV, are administered by IV infusion over a period of from about 10 minutes to about 3 hours, preferably about 30 minutes to about 2 hours, more preferably about 45 minutes to 90 minutes, and most preferably about 1 hour. Typically, the compounds are administered intravenously in a dose of from about 0.5 mg/m2 to 65 mg/m2, preferably about 1 mg/m2 to 50 mg/m2, more preferably about 2.5 mg/m2 to 30 mg/m2, and most preferably about 25 mg/m2. One of ordinary skill in the art would readily know how to convert doses from mg/kg to mg/m2 given either or both the height and or weight of the patient (See, e.g., http://www.fda.gov/cder/cancer/animalframe.htm). As discussed above, compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae IE and IV, can be administered orally, intravenously, or both. In particular, the methods of the invention encompass dosing protocols such as once a day for 2 to 10 days, preferably every 3 to 9 days, more preferably every 4 to 8 days and most preferably every 5 days. In one embodiment there is a period of 3 days to 5 weeks, preferably 4 days to 4 weeks, more preferably 5 days to 3 weeks, and most preferably 1 week to 2 weeks, in between cycles where there is no treatment. In another embodiment the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, can be administered orally, intravenously, or both, once a day for 3 days, with a period of preferably 1 week to 3 weeks in between cycles where there is no treatment. In yet another embodiment the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, can be administered orally, intravenously, or both, once a day for 5 days, with a period of preferably 1 week to 3 weeks in between cycles where there is no treatment.
In one preferred embodiment the treatment cycle for administration of the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, is once daily for 5 consecutive days and the period between treatment cycles is from 2 to 10 days, preferably one week. In one embodiment, a compound of the present invention, for example, a compound of formula HI or formula IV, is administered once daily for 5 consecutive days, followed by 2 days when there is no treatment.
The compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, can also be administered orally, intravenously, or both once every 1 to 10 weeks, preferably every-2 to 8 weeks, more preferably every 3 to 6 weeks, and even more preferably every 3 weeks.
In another method of the invention, the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, are administered in a 28 day cycle wherein the compounds are intravenously administered on days 1, 7, and 14 and orally administered on day 21. Alternatively, the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae HI or IV, are administered in a 28 day cycle wherein the compound of formulae I and H are orally administered on day 1 and intravenously administered on days 7, 14, and 28. According to the methods of the invention, the compounds of the present invention, including compounds of formulae III or IV, are administered until the patient shows a response, for example, a reduction in tumor size, or until dose limiting toxicity is reached.
The compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in combination with each other and/or other suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as PTK inhibitors other than those of the present invention, antiinflammatories, antiproliferatives, chemotherapeutic agents, immunosuppressants, anticancer agents and cytotoxic agents. Exemplary such other therapeutic agents include the following: cyclosporins (e.g., cyclosporin A), CTLA4-Ig, antibodies such as anti- ICAM-3, anti-IL-2 receptor (Anti-Tac), anti-CD45RB, anti-CD2, anti-CD3 (OKT-3), anti-CD4, anti-CD80, anti-CD86, monoclonal antibody OKT3, agents blocking the interaction between CD40 and gp39, such as antibodies specific for CD40 and/or gp39 (i.e., CD154), fusion proteins constructed from CD40 and gp39 (CD40Ig and CD8gp39), inhibitors, such as nuclear translocation inhibitors, of NF-kappa B function, such as deoxyspergualin (DSG), non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, steroids such as prednisone or dexamethasone, gold compounds, antiproliferative agents such as methotrexate, FK506
(tacrolimus, Prograf), mycophenolate mofetil, cytotoxic drugs such as azathiprine and cyclophosphamide, TNF-α inhibitors such as tenidap, anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor such as etanercept (Enbrel), rapamycin (sirolimus or Rapamune), leflunimide (Arava), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib (Celebrex) and rofecoxib (Vioxx), or derivatives thereof, and the PTK inhibitors disclosed in the following U.S. Patent Applications, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: Serial No. 60/056,770, filed 8/25/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA202*), Serial No. 60/069,159, filed 12/9/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA202a*), Serial No. 09/097,338, filed 6/15/98 (Attorney Docket No. QA202b), Serial No. 60/056,797, filed 8/25/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA205*), Serial No. 09/094,797, filed 6/15/98 (Attorney Docket No. QA205a), Serial No. 60/065,042, filed 11/10/97 (Attorney Docket No. QA207*), Serial No. 09/173,413, filed 10/15/98, (Attorney Docket No. QA207a), Serial No. 60,076,789, filed 3/4/98 (Attorney Docket No. QA208*), and Serial No. 09,262,525, filed 3/4/99 (Attorney Docket No. QA208a). See the following documents and references cited therein: Hollenbaugh, D., Douthwright, J., McDonald, V., and Aruffo, A., "Cleavable CD40Ig fusion proteins and the binding to sgp39", J. Immunol. Methods (Netherlands), 188(1), p. 1-7 (Dec 15 1995); Hollenbaugh, D., Grosmaire, L.S., Kullas, CD., Chalupny, N.J., Braesch-Andersen, S.,
Noelle, R. J., Stamenkovic, I., Ledbetter, J.A., and Aruffo, A., 'The human T cell antigen gp39, a member of the TNF gene family, is a ligand for the CD40 receptor: expression of a soluble form of gp39 with B cell co- stimulatory activity", EMBO J (England), 11(12), p 4313-4321 (Dec 1992); and Moreland, L.W. et al., "Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein, New England J. of Medicine, 337(3), p. 141-147 (1997).
Exemplary classes of anti-cancer agents and cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to: alkylating agents, such as nitrogen mustards, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas, ethylenimines, and triazenes; antimetabolites, such as folate antagonists, purine analogues, and pyrimidine analogues; antibiotics, such as anthracyclines, bleomycins, mitomycin, dactinomycin, and plica ycin; enzymes, such as L-asparaginase; farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors; hormonal agents, such as glucocorticoids, estrogens/antiestrogens, androgens/antiandrogens, progestins, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone anatagonists, octreotide acetate; microtubule-disruptor agents, such as ecteinascidins or then- analogs and derivatives; microtubule-stabilizing agents such as paclitaxel (Taxol®), docetaxel (Taxotere®), and epothilones A-F or their analogs or derivatives; plant-derived products, such as vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllo toxins, taxanes; and topoisomerase inhibitors; prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors; and miscellaneous agents such as, hydroxyurea, procarbazine, mitotane, hexamethylmelamine, platinum coordination complexes such as cisplatin and carboplatin; and other agents used as anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents such as biological response modifiers, growth factors; immune modulators, and monoclonal antibodies. The compounds of the invention may also be used in conjunction with radiation therapy. Representative examples of these classes of anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to, mechlorethamine hydrochlordie, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifosfamide, busulfan, carmustin, lomustine, semustine, streptozocin, thiotepa, dacarbazine, methotrexate, thioguanine, mercaptopurine, fludarabine, pentastatin, cladribin, cytarabine, fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin, idarubicin, bleomycin sulfate, mitomycin C, actinomycin D, safracins, saframycins, quinocarcins, discodermolides, vincristine, vmblastine, vinorelbine tartrate, etoposide, teniposide, paclitaxel, tamox±fen, estramustine, estramustine phosphate sodium, flutamide, buserelin, leuprolide, pteridines, diyneses, levamisole, aflacon, interferon, interleukins, aldesleukin, filgrastim, sargramostim, rituximab, BCG, tretinoin, irinotecan hydrochloride, betamethosone, gemcitabine hydrochloride, altretamine, and topoteca and any analogs or derivatives thereof. Preferred members of these classes include, but are not limited to paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, doxorubicin, carminomycin, daunorubicin, aminopterin, methotrexate, methopterin, mitomycin C, ecteinascidin 743, porfirornycin, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, gemcitabine, cytosine arabinoside, podophyllotoxin or podophyllotoxin derivatives such as etoposide, etoposide phosphate or teniposide, melphalan, vinblastine, vincristine, leurosidine, vindesine, and leurosine.
Examples of anti-cancer and other cytotoxic agents include the following: epothHone derivatives as found in U.S. Serial No. 09/506,481 filed February 17, 2000 (Attorney Docket No. LD186); German Patent No. 4138042.8; WO 97/19086, WO 98/22461, WO 98/25929, WO 98/38192, WO 99/01124, WO 99/02224, WO 99/02514, WO 99/03848, WO 99/07692, WO 99/27890, WO 99/28324, WO 99/43653, WO 99/54330, WO 99/54318, WO 99/54319, WO 99/65913, WO 99/67252, WO 99/67253, and WO 00/00485; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors as found in WO 99/24416; and prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors as found in WO 97/30992 and WO 98/54966.
The above other therapeutic agents, when employed in combination with the compounds of the present invention, may be used, for example, in those amounts indicated in the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) or as otherwise determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
The following assays can be employed in ascertaining the degree of activity of a compound ("test compound") as a PTK inhibitor. Compounds described in the following Examples have been tested in one or more of these assays, and have shown activity.
Enzyme Assay Using Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Src, Blk or Yes The following assay has been carried out using the protein tyrosine kinases Lck, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Fgr, Src, Blk and Yes.
The protein tyrosine kinase of interest is incubated in kinase buffer (20 mM MOPS, ρH7, 10 mM MgCl2) in the presence of the test compound. The reaction is initiated by the addition of substrates to the final concentration of 1 μM ATP, 3.3 μCi/ml [33P] gamma-ATP, and 0.1 mg/ml acid denatured enolase (prepared as described in Cooper, J.A., Esch, F.S., Taylor, S.S., and Hunter, T., "Phosphorylation sites in enolase and lactate dehydrogenase utilized by tyrosine protein kinases in vivo and in vitro", J. Biol. Chem., 259, 7835-7841 (1984)). The reaction is stopped after 10 minutes by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid, 100 mM sodium pyrophosphate followed by 2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. The labeled enolase protein substrate is precipitated at 4 degrees, harvested onto Packard Unifilter plates and counted in a Topcount scintillation counter to ascertain the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity of the test compound (activity inversely proportional to the amount of labeled enolase protein obtained). The exact concentration of reagents and the amount of label can be varied as needed.
This assay is advantageous as it employs an exogenous substrate (enolase) for more accurate enzyme kinetics, and can be conducted in a 96- well format that is readily automated. In addition, His-tagged protein tyrosine kinases (described below) offer much higher production yields and purity relative to GST-protein tyrosine kinase fusion protein.
The protein tyrosine kinase may be obtained from commercial sources or by recombinant methods described herewith. For the preparation of recombinant Lck, human Lck was prepared as a His-tagged fusion protein using the Life Technologies (Gibco) baculovirus vector pFastBac Hta (commercially available) in insect cells. A cDNA encoding human Lck isolated by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was inserted into the vector and the protein was expressed using the methods described by the manufacturer. The Lck was purified by affinity chromatography. For the production of Lck in insect cells using baculovirus, see Spana, C, O'Rourke, E.G., Bolen, J.B., and Fargnoli, J., "Analysis of the tyrosine kinase p561ck expressed as a glutathione S-transferase protein in Spodoptera frugiperda cells," Protein expression and purification, Vol. 4, p. 390-397 (1993). Similar methods may be used for the recombinant production of other Src-family kinases. Enzyme Assay Using HERl or HER2
Compounds of interest were assayed in a kinase buffer that contained 20 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM MnCl2, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, bovine serum albumin at 0.1 mg/ml, poly(glu/tyr, 4:1) at 0.1 mg/ml, lμM ATP, and 4 μCi/ml [gamma-33P]ATP. Poly(glu/tyr, 4:1) is a synthetic polymer that serves as a phosphoryl acceptor and is purchased from Sigma Chemicals. The kinase reaction is initiated by the addition of enzyme and the reaction mixtures were incubated at 26°C for 1 h. The reaction is terminated by the addition of EDTA to 50 mM and proteins are precipitated by the addition of trichloroacetic acid to 5%. The precipitated proteins are recovered by filtration onto Packard Unifilter plates and the amount of radioactivity incorporated is measured in a Topcount scintillation counter. For the preparation of recombinant HERl, the cytoplasmic sequence of the receptor were expressed in insect cells as a GST fusion protein, which was purified by affinity chromatography as described above for Lck. The cytoplasmic sequence of HER2 was subcloned into the baculovirus expression vector pBlueBac4 (Invitrogen) and was expressed as an untagged protein in insect cells. The recombinant protein was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography.
X ell assays 3. ^cellular tyrosine phosphorylation
Jurkat T cells are incubated with the test compound and then stimulated by the addition of antibody to CD3 (monoclonal antibody G19- 4). Cells are lysed after 4 minutes or at another desired time by the addition of a lysis buffer containing NP-40 detergent. Phosphorylation of proteins is detected by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. Detection of phosphorylation of specific proteins of interest such as ZAP-70 is detected by immunoprecipitation with anti-ZAP-70 antibody followed by anti- phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. Such procedures are described in Schieven, G.L., Mittler, R.S., Nadler, S.G., Kirihara, J.M., Bolen, J.B., Kanner, S.B., and Ledbetter, J.A., "ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase, CD45 and T cell receptor involvement in UV and H202 induced T cell signal transduction", J. Biol. Chem., 269, 20718-20726 (1994), and the references incorporated therein. The Lck inhibitors inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins induced by anti-CD3 antibodies. For the preparation of G19-4, see Hansen, J.A., Martin, P.J.,
Beatty, P.G., Clark, E.A., and Ledbetter, J.A., "Human T lymphocyte cell surface molecules defined by the workshop monoclonal antibodies," in Leukocyte Typing I, A. Bernard, J. Boumsell, J. Dausett, C. Milstein, and S. Schlossman, eds. (New York: Springer Verlag), p. 195-212 (1984); and Ledbetter, J.A., June, C.H., Rabinovitch, P.S., Grossman, A., Tsu, T.T., and Imboden, J.B., "Signal transduction through CD4 receptors: stimulatory vs. inhibitory activity is regulated by CD4 proximity to the CD3/T cell receptor", Eur. J. Immunol., 18, 525 (1988).
3. Calcium assay Lck inhibitors block calcium mobilization in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies. Cells are loaded with the calcium indicator dye indo- 1, treated with anti-CD3 antibody such as the monoclonal antibody G19-4, and calcium mobilization is measured using flow cytometry by recording changes in the blue/violet indo-1 ratio as described in Schieven, G.L., Mittler, R.S., Nadler, S.G., Kirihara, J.M., Bolen, J.B., Kanner, S.B., and Ledbetter, J.A., "ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase, CD45 and T cell receptor involvement in UV and H202 induced T cell signal transduction", J. Biol. Chem., 269, 20718-20726 (1994), and the references incorporated therein.
3. Proliferation assays
Lck inhibitors inhibit the proliferation of normal human peripheral blood T cells stimulated to grow with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies. A 96 well plate is coated with a monoclonal antibody to CD3 (such as G19- 4), the antibody is allowed to bind, and then the plate is washed. The antibody bound to the plate serves to stimulate the cells. Normal human peripheral blood T cells are added to the wells along with test compound plus anti-CD28 antibody to provide co-stimulation. After a desired period of time (e.g., 3 days), the [3H]-thymidine is added to the cells, and after further incubation to allow incorporation of the label into newly synthesized DNA, the cells are harvested and counted in a scintillation counter to measure cell proliferation.
The following Examples illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Abbreviations employed in the Examples are defined below. Compounds of the Examples are identified by the example and step in which they are prepared (for example, "IA" denotes the title compound of step A of Example 1), or by the example only where the compound is the title compound of the example (for example, "2" denotes the title compound of Example 2).
Abbreviations
aq. = aqueous cone. = concentrated
DMSO = dimethylsulfoxide
EtOAc = ethyl acetate
Et20 = diethyl ether h = hours HATU = N-[dimethylamino-lH-l,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b]pyridin-l-yl methylene] -N-methyl methanaminium hexafluorophosphate N- oxide
MeOH = methanol
MOPS = 4-morpholine-propanesulfonic acid MS = mass spectrometry
Ret Time = retention time
RT = room temperature satd. = saturated
TFA = trifluoroacetic acid THF = tetrahydrofuran
DMF= N,N-dimethylformamide
Example 1
Preparation of r5-rr(2.4.6-Trimethylρhenyl)amino]carbonyn-4-methyl-2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid. 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000062_0001
3. Ethyl-2-feri^butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-earboxylate A suspension of ethyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (18.6 g, 100 mmol), di-t-butyldicarbonate (26.2 g, 120 mmol) and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (800 mg, 6.55 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was stirred under nitrogen for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in dichloromethane (1 L) and filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was washed with 1 N aqueous HCl solution (300 mL, 2x), water and brine, dried (MgS04), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with hexanes. The solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (20 g, 72%) as a tan solid.
B. 2-fer -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid A stirred solution of ethyl-2-fer -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl- thiazole-5-carboxylate (10 g, 34.95 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran-ethanol (250 mL, 2:3) was treated with a 6N KOH solution (250 mL). The mixture was heated to 55°C overnight. The solution was cooled to 0°C and acidified with coned. HCl to pH 1. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was washed with water, diethyl ether, dried in vacuo over anhydrous phosphorous pentoxide to obtain the title acid (6 g, 89%) as a white solid. C . 2-feri^butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic aci d chloride
A 2 M solution of oxalyl chloride in dichloromethane (22.5 mL, 45 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of 2-tert- butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (10 g, 38.72 mmol) in dichloromethane (150 mL) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (150 μL) at 0°C. The suspension gradually became homogenous after addition was complete. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was coevaporated with toluene (300 mL, 2x) and then dried in vacuo to obtain the title acid chloride (10.7 g, 99%) as a tan solid.
D. [5-rr(2,4.6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl1-4-methyl-2- thiazolyHcarbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 2,4,6-Trimethyl aniline (6.3 mL, 38.66 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2- er^butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5- carboxylic acid chloride (10.7 g, 38.66 mmol) in dichloromethane (150 mL) at 0°C. After 20 min, diisopropylethylamine (8.8 mL, 44.88 mmol) was added dropwise. The solution was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for an additional 2 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in EtOAc (700 mL), washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (300 mL, 2x), water, and brine; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether to obtain the title compound (12.5 g, 86%) as a tan solid.
Example 2 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000064_0001
A solution of [5- [[(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -4-methyl-2- thiazolyl]carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (10 g, 26.63 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (100 mL) was stirred at rt for 3 h. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with EtOAc (700 L), washed with 5% aq. KHC03 solution (400 mL, 2x), water, and brine; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was washed with ether (200 mL) and acetonitrile (100 mL) to obtain the title compound (6.7 g, 91%) as a white solid.
Example 3
Preparation of r5-r[(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonvn-4- trifluoromethyl-2-thiazolvncarbamic acid. 1,1-dimethylethyI ester
Figure imgf000064_0002
3. Ethyl-2-te^-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-trifluoromethyl-thiazole-5- carboxylate A suspension of ethyl-2-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (5.05 g, 21.02 mmol), di-t-butyldicarbonate (4.82 g, 22.07 mmol) and 4- dimethylaminopyridine (260 mg, 2.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (209 mL) was stirred under nitrogen for 1.5 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. Elution with 5% EtOAc in hexanes, followed by 15% EtOAc in hexanes afforded the title compound (6.57 g, 92%) as a white solid.
B. 2-yer^-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-trifluoromethyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid
A stirred solution of ethyl-2-fer -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4- trifluoromethyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (6.5 g, 19.1 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) was treated with a IN aq. NaOH solution (573 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The solution was cooled to 0°C and acidified with a 6 M aq. HCl solution to pH 1 and extracted with chloroform (150 mL, 6x). The chloroform extracts were combined, dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure and in vacuo to obtain the title acid (5.75 g, 96%) as a white solid.
C . [5- rr(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino] carbonyll -4-trifluoromethyl-2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid. 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
4-Methylmorpholine (40 μL, 0.39 mmol) was added to a mixture of 2-tert- butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-trifluoromethyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.32 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (45 μL, 0.32 mmol), and benzotriazol-l-yloxy-tris-(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP reagent, 380 mg, 0.4 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The solution was stirred at rt for 72 h, diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 0.25 M aq. KHS04 solution followed by satd. Aq. KHC03 solution. The dichloromethane extract was separated, dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 5% EtOAc in hexanes followed by 10% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound (90 mg, 65%) as a white solid.
Example 4 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4.6-trimethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000066_0001
A solution of [5-[[(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-4- trifluoromethyl-2-thiazolyl]carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (120 mg, 0.28 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was coevaporated with ether to obtain a yellow solid which was triturated with hexanes to obtain the title compound (96 mg, 76%) as a light yellow solid.
Example 5
Preparation of \5- rr(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino1 carbonyl] -4-phenyl-2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid. 1,1-dimethylethyl ester -
Figure imgf000066_0002
3. Ethyl-2-fer -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-phenyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate Compound 5A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3A, except using ethyl-2-amino-4-phenyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate to give the title compound 5A as a white solid (90.5%).
B. 2-Ter -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-phenyl-thiazole-5-earboxylic acid Compound 5B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3B, except using 5A to give the title compound 5B as a white solid (99%).
C . 2-7,6r -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-phenyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid chloride
Compound 5C was prepared by an analogous method as that of IC, except using 5B to give the title compound 5C as a white solid (90%).
D. F5-rr(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-4-phenyl-2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid, 1,1-dimethyl ethyl ester
Compound 5D was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using 5C to give the title compound 5D as a light yellow solid (93%).
Example 6 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000067_0001
Compound 6 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 5D to give the title compound 6 as a white solid (68 o).
Example 7
Preparation of \5- ITPhenylaminol carbonyl] -4-methyl-2-thiazolyl] carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethyl ethyl ester
Figure imgf000068_0001
Compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using aniline in place of 2,4,6-trimethylaniline and triethylamine in place of diisopropylethylamine to give the title compound 7 as an off-white solid (76%).
Example 8 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(phenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide. trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000068_0002
Compound 8 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 7 to give the title compound 8 as a white solid (68%).
Example 9
Preparation of r5-rr(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)ammo]carbonyl]-4-methyl-2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000068_0003
Compound 9 was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using 2,4-dichloroaniline to give the title compound 9 as a white solid (28%). Example 10 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000069_0001
Compound 10 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 9 to give the title compound 8 as a white solid (100%).
Example 11
Preparation of 5- ri(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2- thiazolyllcarbamic acid, 1.1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000069_0002
3. Ethyl-2- er -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-5-carboxylate
Compound 11A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3A, except using ethyl-2-amino-thiazole-5-carboxylate to give the title compound 11A as a white solid (79.5%).
B. 2-Ter£-butoxycarbonyloxyamino -thiazole-5-carboxylic acid
Compound 11B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3B, except using HA to give the title compound 11B as a white solid (95.5%).
C. 2-Tβrt butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid chloride Compound 11C was prepared by an analogous method as that of IC, except using 11B to give the title compound 11C.
D. f5-fr(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino1carbonyl1-2-thiazolyl]carbamic acid. 1.1-dimethylethyl ester
Compound 11D was prepared by an analogous method as that of ID, except using 11C to give the title compound 11D as an off-white solid (70%).
Example 12
Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000070_0001
Compound 12 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 11D to give the title compound 12 as a light yellow solid (88%).
Examples 13 to 53 General Procedure Compounds 13 to 53 were prepared following the procedure described below. Appropriate amines (0.40 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (70 μL, 0.40 mmol) were added to a suspension of IC (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL). The solution was stirred mechanically in a sealed tube at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixtures were diluted with methanol (200 μL) and loaded in Varian SCX ion exchange columns (2 g/6 cc) pretreated with methanol-dichloromethane (8 mL, 1:1) followed by dichloromethane (8 L). SCX Column filtration were performed using a Gilson robot unit. The column was washed sequentially with dichloromethane (9 mL), dichloromethane-methanol (9 mL, 4:1), dichloromethane-methanol (9 mL, 1:1), methanol (9 mL), 0.01 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol (9 mL) and 0.05 M ammonium hydroxide in methanol (9 mL). The elutes were collected separetely by the robot and then concentrated using a speed vac. Fractions containing the products were combined. 'ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000076_0001
88
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001
Examples 54 to 129 General Procedure
Compounds 54 to 129 were prepared following the procedure described below. Diisopropylethyl amine (60 μL, 0.34 mmol) was added to a mixture of amine 2 (30 mg, 0.11 mmol), appropriate carboxylic acid (0.13 mmol), 1- hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (19.5 mg, 0.14 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3- dimethylamino)-propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (26.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (0.4 mL). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube under argon at 45°C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (2 mL, 3x). The dichloromethane solution was passed through a Varian SCX cation exchange column (2 g, 6 cc) on a Gilson robot. The column was eluted sequentially with acetonitrile-methanol (10 mL, 4:1), methanol-2M methanolic ammonia (3 mL, 4:1), and 2 M methanolic ammonia solution (3 mL, 4x). The fractions were collected separately using the Gilson robot. Fraction containing the product was concentrated and dried in vacuo . ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04) to 100% 04 0
solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM for compounds 54 - 127. For compounds 128 -129 HPLC conditions are: Zorbax S8-C18 4.5 mm x 7.5 cm short column, 8 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 2.5 mL/min, λ = 217 nM.
Figure imgf000079_0001
Figure imgf000080_0001
8
Figure imgf000081_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000082_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000083_0001
004/085388
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000085_0001
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000087_0001
04/085
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000089_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
Example 130
Preparation of |"4-Methyl-5fF(2-nitrophenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid. 1.1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000091_0002
2-Nitroaniline (55 mg, 0.4 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (70 μL, 0.4 mmol) were added dropwise to a a stirred solution of 2-fer - butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid chloride IC (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL). After 16 h at rt, 4-N,N- dimethylaminopyridine (22 mg, 0.18 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for additional 3.5 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. Elution with 5% EtOAc in hexanes followed by 20% EtOAc in hexanes afforded the title compound (15 mg, 11%) as a yellow solid. Example 131
Preparation of r4-Methyl-5rr(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyll-2- thiazolyll carbamic acid, phenylm ethyl ester
Figure imgf000092_0001
3. Ethyl-2-benzyloxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate A 3 M aq. NaHC03 solution (10 mL, 30 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of ethyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (372 mg, 2 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0-5°C. Benzyl chloroformate (500 μL) was added. After 2 h, additional benzyl chloroformate (500 μL) and the biphasic solution was stirred for an additional 2 h at 0-5°C. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and water (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. Elution with 10% EtOAc in hexanes followed by 20% and 30% EtOAc in hexanes afforded the title compound (310 mg, 48%) as a white solid.
B. 2-Benzyloxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid Compound 131B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3B, except using 131A to give the title compound 131B as a white powder (77%).
C. r4-Methyl-5-rr(2.4.6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonvn-2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid, phenylm ethyl ester Diisopropylethylamine (70 μL, 0.41 mmol) was added to a solution of 131B
(100 mg, 0.34 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (60 μL, 0.41 mmol), and [0-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium]hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 160 mg, 0.41 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h, diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 2 N Aq. HCl solution (3x), brine, dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether (40 mL) to obtain the title compound (100 mg, 77%) as an off-white solid.
Example 132
Preparation of Methyl |"4-methyl-5- [[(2,4,6- trimethylphenyDaminol carbonyl] -2-thiazolyl] carbamic acid. 1.1- dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000093_0001
Compound 132 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using ethyl-2-ferέ-butoxycarbonyloxyaminomethyl-4-methyl-thiazole-5- carboxylate to give the title compound 132 as a tan solid.
Example 133
Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-(methylamino)-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000093_0002
Compound 133 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 132 to give the title compound 133 as a white solid (91%).
Example 134
Preparation of r4-Methyl-5-rrmethyl(2.4.6- trimethylphenyl)amino1carbonvn-2-thiazolyl1carbamic acid. 1.1- dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000094_0001
Compound 134 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using N-methyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline to give the title compound 134 as a white solid (60%).
Example 135 Preparation of 2-Amino-N,4-dimethyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000094_0002
Compound 135 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 134 to give the title compound 135 as a white solid (97%). Example 136
Preparation of f4-Methyl-5 rr(2,4.6-trimethylphenyl)amino1carbonyl1-2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid, methyl ester
Figure imgf000095_0001
A mixture of 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol), pyridine (87 μL, 1.08 mmol), methyl chloroformate (111 μL, 1.44 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL) was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with aq. NaHC03 solution (20 mL, 2x), brine; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether to obtain the title compound (88 mg, 82%) as a white solid.
Example 137
Preparation of f4-Ethyl-5 r[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid, 1, 1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000095_0002
Compound 137 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using methyl-2-amino-4-ethyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate to give the title compound 137 as a white solid (70%). Example 138
Preparation of 2-Amino-4-ethyl-N-(2.4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide. trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000096_0001
Compound 138 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 137 to give the title compound 138 as a white solid (89%).
Example 139 Preparation of r5-fr(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl1-4-methyl-2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethyl ethyl ester
Figure imgf000096_0002
A I M solution of sodium bis-trimethylsilyl amide (290 μL, 0.29 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2,6-dichloroaniline (13.4 mg, 0.08 mmol) in THF (1 mL). After 30 min, the mixture was cooled to 0 °C and IC (30 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 16 h. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (2 mL, 3x), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 30% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound (20 mg, 45%) as a light yellow solid.
Example 140 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2.6-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide. trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000097_0001
Compound 140 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 53 to give the title compound 140 as a light tan solid (100%).
Example 141 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000097_0002
Compound 141 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 13 to give the title compound 141 as an off-white solid (100%).
Example 142
Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000097_0003
Compound 142 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 18 to give the title compound 142 as a light tan solid (90%). Example 143 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-bromophenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000098_0001
Compound 143 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 15 to give the title compound 143 as a light tan solid (70%).
Example 144
Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000098_0002
Compound 144 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 19 to give the title compound 144 as a light tan solid (81%).
Example 145 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide. trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000098_0003
Compound 145 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 17 to give the title compound 145 as a light tan solid (68%).
Example 146 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2-methyl-6-isopropylphenyl)-4-methyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000099_0001
Compound 146 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 16 to give the title compound 146 as a light tan solid (100%).
Example 147 Preparation of 2-(Acetylamino)-4-methyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000099_0002
A mixture of 2 (54 mg, 0.2 mmol), acetic anhydride (22 μL, 0.23 mmol), dimethylaminopyridine (3 mg) in dichloromethane (4.5 mL) was stirred at rt for 4.5 h. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (65 mL) and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (20 mL), water; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 35% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound (43 mg, 69%) as a white solid.
Example 148 Preparation of 2-(Benzoylamino)-4-methyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000100_0001
A solution of 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) and benzoic anhydride (226 mg, 1 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) and pyridine (2 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (15 mL, 2x), 10% aq. NaHC03 solution (20 mL, 2x); dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 30% EtOAc in hexanes followed by 50% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound contaminated with benzoic acid. The solid was dissolved in EtOAc (40 mL) and washed with satd. KHC03 solution (15 mL, 4x), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to obtain the title compound (110 mg, 80%) as a white solid.
Example 149 Preparation of 4-methyl-2-r(l-oxopropyl)amino]-N-(2.4,6-trimethylphenyl)-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000100_0002
A mixture of 2 (100 mg, 0.36 mmol), propionic anhydride (332 μL, 2.58 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) and pyridine (4 mL) was stirred at rt for 3 h. Dimethylaminopyridine (122 mg, 1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for additional 1.5 h. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (25 mL, 3x), aq. NaHC03 solution (20 L, 2x), water(20 mL), brine; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 20% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound (81 mg, 68%) as a white solid.
Example 150 Preparation of 4-methyl-2-[(l-oxobutyll)amino]-N-(2.4,6-trimethylphenyl)-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000101_0001
Compound 150 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using butyric anhydride to give the title compound 150 as a white solid (76%).
Example 151 Preparation of 4-methyl-2-r(l-oxopentyl)amino]-N-(2,4.6-trimethylphenyl)-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000101_0002
Compound 151 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using valeric anhydride to give the title compound 151 as a white solid (77%).
Example 152 04/085388
Preparation of 4-methyl-2- R -oxohexyPamino] -N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenvD-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000102_0001
Compound 152 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 149, except using hexanoic anhydride to give the title compound 152 as a white solid (75%).
Example 153 Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-r(phenylcetyl)amino]-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000102_0002
A solution of amine 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (101 μL, 0.58 mmol), phenylacetic acid (27.2 mg, 0.20 mmol), l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole (29.4 mg, 0.22 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino)- propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (42.2 mg, 0.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.62 mL) was mechanically stirred in a sealed vial for 16 h. The reaction mixture was passed through a Varian SCX ion exchange column (2 g/6 cc) and eluted with acetonitrile-methanol (10 mL, 4:1) followed by 2 M methanolic ammonia solution (9 mL). Fractions containing the product were combined and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (3x), dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated to obtain the title compound (39 mg, 55%) as a tan solid. Example 154 Preparation of 2-rf(Acetylamino)acetvnamino]-4-methyl-N-(2.4.6- trimethylphenyl)-6-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000103_0001
A solution of amine 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (400 μL, 2.3 mmol), N-acetylglycine (42 mg, 0.36 mmol), l-hydroxy-7- azabenzotriazole (49 mg, 0.36 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino)- propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (72 mg, 0.36 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was heated to 50°C overnight. The mixture was cooled, diluted with dichloromethane (60 mL) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (20 mL), satd. Aq. KHC03 solution (20 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The crude solid was triturated with ether (10 mL), filtered, and washed with ether (5 mL, 3x) to obtain the title compound (40 mg, 59%) as an off-white solid.
Example 155 Preparation of 2-Amino-4-methyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarbothioamide
Figure imgf000103_0002
A suspension of 2 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Lawesson reagent (44 mg, 0.11 mmol) in toluene (0.23 mL) was heated to 100°C for 4h. Additional Lawesson reagent (44 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated for additional 3.5 h. The crude mixture was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 50% EtOAc in hexanes followed by 70% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain a a yellow solid which was triturated with hexanes (6 mL) to obtain the title compound (11 mg, 21%) as a yellow solid.
Examples 156 to 170 General Procedure Compounds 156 to 170 were prepared following the procedure described below. Diisopropylethyl amine (60 μL, 0.34 mmol) was added to a mixture of amine 2 (30 mg, 0.11 mmol), appropriate carboxylic acid (0.13 mmol), 1- hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (19.5 mg, 0.14 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3- dimethylamino)-propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (26.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (1 mL). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube under argon at 45 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 L) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (2 mL, 3x), dried (Na2S04) and concentrated using a speedvac. The crude products were either triturated with dichloromethane-ether (5 mL, 1:1) or purified by silica gel chromatography (elution solvent: 50% EtOAC in hexanes and EtOAc). ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000104_0001
Figure imgf000105_0001
Figure imgf000106_0001
Examples 171 to 180
General Procedure
Compounds 171 to 180 were prepared following the procedure described below. A mixture of 2 (80 mg, 0.29 mmol), appropriate isocyanate (0.87 mmol) and pyridine (2 mL) in THF (3.5 mL) was stirred at rt overnight. In some cases the reaction mixture was heated to 60-70°C for 5 h. Some of these reactions were carried out at rt overnight in the presence of catalytic N,N- dimethylaminopyridine. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (3x), water, brine; dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified either by trituration with ether or ether-hexanes mixture, or by chromatography on a silica gel column (elution solvent 20-40% EtOAc in hexanes) followed by trituration or by passing through Varian cation exchange SCX cartridge and sequentially eluted with methanol (5 mL), dichloromethane (5 mL), acetonitrile-methanol (10 mL, 4:1) and methanol- 2 M methanolic ammonia (10 mL, 4:1) to obtain the title compound. "HPLC Eet Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: For compounds 171-172, 175, and 177 HPLC conditions are: Zorbax S8-C18 4.5 mm x 7.5 cm short column, 30 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 2.5 mL/min, λ = 217 nM. For the other compounds HPLC conditions are: Zorbax S8-C18 4.5 mm x 7.5 cm short column, 8 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 2.5 mL/min, λ = 217 nM.
Figure imgf000107_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000108_0001
004/085388
Figure imgf000109_0001
Example 181
Preparation of f5-rf(2.4,6-Trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyn-4-methyl-2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid, phenyl ester
Figure imgf000109_0002
A 10% aq. KHC03 solution (170 mL) was added to a stirred solution of 2 (1.02 g, 3.7 mmol) in THF (130 mL). Phenylchloroformate (1.39 mL, 11.1 mmol) was added dropwise. The biphasic mixture was stirred at rt overnight, diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL) and washed with water (50 mL, 2x) and brine. The organic extract was separated, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 10% EtOAc in hexanes to obtain the title compound (980 mg, 69%) as a solid.
Examples 182 to 236 General Procedure
Compounds 182 to 236 were prepared following the procedure described below. A solution of phenylcarbamate 181 (20 mg, 0.054 mmol) and the appropriate amine (0.08 mmol) in THF-acetonitrile (3 mL, 1:1) was stirred at rt overnight. Some of the reactions required heating to 60 °C for 4 h to overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (1.5 mL, 2x), 1 N aq. NaOH solution (1.5 mL, 2x). The dichloromethane extract was separated, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to obtain the title product. ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: For compounds 182-192 HPLC conditions are: Zorbax SB-C18 4.5 mm x 7.5 cm short column, 8 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 2.5 mL/min, λ = 217 nM. For compounds 193-236 HPLC conditions are: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% HaO, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000110_0001
Figure imgf000111_0001
Figure imgf000112_0001
Figure imgf000113_0001
Figure imgf000114_0001
Figure imgf000115_0001
Figure imgf000116_0001
Figure imgf000117_0001
Figure imgf000118_0001
Examples 237 to 285 General Procedure
Compounds 237to 285 were prepared following the procedure described below.
A solution of phenylcarbamate 181 (20 mg, 0.054 mmol) and the appropriate amine (0.08 mmol) in THF-acetonitrile (3 mL, 1:1) was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution (1.5 mL, 2x), 1 N aq. NaOH solution (1.5 mL, 2x). The dichloromethane extract was separated, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to obtain the title product. 'ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: For compounds 237-278 HPLC conditions are: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM. For compounds 279-285 HPLC conditions are: Zorbax S8-C18 4.5 mm x 7.5 cm short column, 8 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 2.5 mL/min, λ = 217 nM.
Figure imgf000119_0001
Figure imgf000120_0001
Figure imgf000121_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000122_0001
Figure imgf000123_0001
04/08538
Figure imgf000124_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000125_0001
Figure imgf000126_0001
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000128_0001
Examples 286 to 311
General Procedure
Compounds 286 to 311 with the exception of compound 307 were prepared following the procedure described below.
A solution of 2-[[(Butylamino)carbonyl]amino]-4-methyl-5-thiazole carboxylic acid chloride (30 mg, 0.11 mmol), appropriate amine (0.12 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (22.6 μL,
0.13 mmol). The mixture was purged with argon and stirred mechanically in a vial for 22 h, diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 2
N aq. HCl solution (3x). The organic extract was separated, dried
(Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The crude products were purified either by truturation with dichloromethane-ether (1:1) or by silica gel chromatography (elution solvent: 80% EtOAc in hexanes followed by EtOAc) or by automatic preparative HPLC (conditions: YMC S5 ODS A 20 x 100 mm Column, 10 min gradient starting from 30% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA) and 70% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B, flow rate 20 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Compound 307 was prepared following the procedure described below. A suspension solution of 2-[[(Butylamino)carbonyl]amino]-4-methyl-5- thiazole carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.36 mmol), and HATU (170 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (62 mL, 0.44 mmol). The mixture was heated to 60°C for 2 h, cooled, diluted with dichloromethane (12 mL), washed with 8M aq. Urea solution in 2 N aq. HCl (6 mL, 3x), 5% aq. KHC03 solution (6 mL, 3x), dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with EtOAc-ether to obtain the mixed anhydride intermediate (102 mg, 74%) as a white solid. A I M solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilylamide) in THF (170 μL, 0.17 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2,6-dichloroaniline (19.4 mg, 0.12 mmol) in THF (1 L). After 15 min, the mixed anhydride intermediate (41.3 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added in one portion. A few drops of DMF was added and the solution was stirred for 16 h. Additional 1 M solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilylamide) (110 μL) was added and the mixture was stirred for additional 2 h. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (2 mL, 3x), satd. Aq. KHC03 solution (3x), dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The solid was washed with hexanes (2x) and the residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. Elution with 80% EtOAc in hexanes followed by EtOAc afforded 307 (12 mg, 27%) as a light tan solid. ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04) to 100% 04/085388
solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000132_0001
Figure imgf000133_0001
Example 312
Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-F(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-(2,4.6- trimethylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000133_0002
3. Ethyl-2-r(methylsulfonyl)amino]-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate A stirred solution of ethyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate (558 mg, 3 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) and pyridine (5 L) was treated with methanesulfonyl chloride (687 mg, 6 mmol) at rt overnight. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with 2N aq. HCl solution (15 mL, 3x), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was diluted with ether (25 mL) and the solid was filtered, washed with 1:1 ether:hexane mixture (10 mL, 3x), and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (687 mg, 87%) as an off-white solid.
B. 2-[(Methylsulfonyl)amino]-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid A stirred solution of Ethyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-4-methyl-thiazole-5- carboxylate (300 mg, 1.14 mmol) in methanol (9 mL) was treated with a IN NaOH solution (28.4 mL, 28.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The solution was cooled to 0 °C and acidified with 6N aq. HCl solution to pH 1. The solution was extracted with dichloromethane- chloroform mixture. The organic extract was dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title acid (148 mg, 55%).
C.4-Methyl-2-r(methylsulfonyl)amino]-N-(2.4.6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Diisopropylethylamine (87 μL, 0.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 312 B (99 mg, 0.42 mmol), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (68 μL, 0.5 mmol), and [0-(7- azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium]hexafluorophosphate (HATU, 191 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight, diluted with EtOAc and washed with 0.5 N aq. HCl solution (15 mL), 10% aq. LiCl solution (25 mL, 3x), water (930 mL, 2x), brine, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column and eluted with 50% EtOAc in hexanes, followed by 75% EtOAc in hexanes and 2% MeOH in EtOAc to obtain the title compound (19 mg, 13%) as a white solid.
Example 313
Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-rr(phenylamino)thiocarbonynamino)-N-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000135_0001
A solution of 2 (45 mg, 0.16 mmol) and phenylisothiocyanate (43 mg, 0.32 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was heated to 80°C for 20 h. The mixture was cooled, diluted with dichloromethane-THF mixture (80 mL, 3:1) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (15 mL, 2x). The organic extract was dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 mL, 3x), and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (35 mg, 52% ) as an off- white solid.
Example 314
Preparation of 2-rr(Ethylamino)carbonyl]amino]-4-methyl-N-(2,,4.6- trimethylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000135_0002
004/085388
Compound 314 was prepared by an analogous method as that of compounds 171-180, using ethylisocyanate to give the title compound 314 as a white solid (65%).
Example 315
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- f(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino1-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000136_0001
3. Ethyl-2-fert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate A suspension of ethyl-2-amino-thiazole-5-carboxylate (972 mg, 6 mmol, B. Plouvler, C. Bailly, R. Houssin, j-P. Henlchart Heterocyles 32(4), 693-701, 1991 and H. J. Becker, J. de Jonge Rec. Trav. Chim, 61, 463, 1942 ), di-t- butyldicarbonate (1.94 g, 9 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (73 mg, 0.6 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (75 mL) was stirred under nitrogen for 24 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in ether (50 mL). The solid was washed with ether (10 mL, 3x), and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (1.1 g, 70%).
B. 2-fer -butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid
A stirred solution of ethyl-2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl- thiazole-5-carboxylate (1.1 g, 4.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran-methanol (80 mL, 1:1) was treated with a 6N aq. NaOH solution (20 mL, 120 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h. Most of THF and methanol were removed by distillation under reduced pressure and the aq. Solution was acidified with 6 N aq. HCl solution (22 mL). The precipitated solid was 004/085388
filtered, washed with water and ether, air dried followed by drying in vacuo to obtain the title acid (940 mg, 96%) as an off-white solid.
C . |"5- rr(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2-thiazolyl] carbamic acid. 1, 1-dimethylethyl ester
A 2 M solution of oxalyl chloride in dichloromethane (1 mL, 2 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino- thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (234 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and N,N- dimethyl formamide (few drops).The solution was stirred at rt for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and in vacuo to obtain the crude acid chloride.
2-Chloro-6-m ethyl aniline (212 mg, 1.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of crude 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-5- carboxylic acid chloride (1 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) at 0°C. Diisopropylethylamine (516 mg, 4 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 24 h, diluted with dichloromethane (60 mL) and washed with 2 N aq. HCl solution (15 mL). The organic extract was dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc-ether (25 mL, 1:4) and the solid was filtered and washed with ether (5 mL, 4x), and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound (175 mg, 48%) as a tan solid.
D. 2-Amino-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)- 5-thiazolecarboxamide Compound 315D was prepared by an analogous method as that of 2, except using compound 315C to give the title compound 315D as a tan solid. 04/085388
E. 2-r(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
A solution of 315D (50.6 mg, 0.19 mmol) and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid anhydride ( 302 mg, 1.96 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was heated to 93 °C overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with EtOAc and washed with satd. Aq. KHC03 solution (2x). The organic extract was dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether to obtain the title compound (11 mg, 17%) as a white solid.
Example 316
Preparation of 2-frf(l.l-Dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl1amino]-N-(2-chloro- 6-methylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000138_0001
Sodium hydride (19.2 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added to a solution of 315D (48.3 mg, 0.18 mmol) and t-butylisocyanate (41 μL, 0.36 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0 °C. After 1 h, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with cold satd. Aq. Ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were combined, dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by automatic preparative HPLC (conditions: YMC S5 ODS A 20 x 100 mm Column, 10 min gradient starting from 10% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA) and 90% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B, flow rate 20 mL/min, λ = 220 nM to obtain the title compound (18 mg, 28%) as an off-white solid. Example 317
Preparation of 2-rr(l.l-Dimethylethoxy)carbonynamino1-4-methyl-N- (2.4.6-trimethylphenyl)-5-thiazoleacetamide
Figure imgf000139_0001
Compound 317 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using methyl-2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-acetate to give the title compound 317 as an off-white solid.
Example 318
Preparation of 2-Amino-4-methyl-N-(2.4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazoleacetamide
Figure imgf000139_0002
Compound 318 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 2, except using 317 to give the title compound 318 as a light brown solid.
004/085388
Example 319
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-r(4.6-dimethyl-2- pyridinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000140_0001
3. 2-Bror o-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)- 5-thiazolecarboxamide A solution of copper (II) bromide (2.68 g, 12 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was purged with nitrogen and cooled to 0 °C. t-Butyl nitrite (2 mL, 15 mmol) was added, followed by a solution of compound 315D (2.68 g, 10 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 L), The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with satd. Aq. NaHC03 solution and the precipitate was removed by filtration. The organic extract was dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was crystallized from EtOAc/ether/hexanes mixture to obtain the title compound (1.68 g, 51%) as a yellow solid.
B. N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-r(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]-5- thiazolecarboxamide
95% Sodium hydride (15 mg) was added to a mixture of 319A (25 mg, 0.075 mmol) and 4,6-dimethyl-2-aminopyridine (37 mg, 0.302 mmol) in THF (1 mL). The mixture was heated to 60 °C overnight, cooled to rt and diluted with satd. Aq. Ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2x). Organic extracts were combined, washed with water and dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ether to obtain the title compound (17.5 mg, 63%) as a tan solid. Example 320
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- T(4-ethyl-2- pyridinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000141_0001
Compound 320 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 4-ethyl-2-aminoρyridine to give the title compound 320.
Example 321 Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- F(2,6-dimethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)amino1-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000141_0002
Compound 321 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2,6-dimethyl-4-aminopyrimidine to give the title compound 321.
004/085388
Example 322
Preparation ofN-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(3-pyridazinylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000142_0001
Compound 322 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 3-aminopyridazine to give the title compound 322.
Examples 323 to 335 General Procedure
Compounds 323 to 335 were prepared following the procedure described below. Diisopropylethyl amine (60 μL, 0.34 mmol) was added to a mixture of amine 144 (31 mg, 0.11 mmol), appropriate carboxylic acid (0.13 mmol), l-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (19.5 mg, 0.14 mmol), and ethyl-3-(3- dimethylamino)-propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (26.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in THF (0.4 mL). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube under argon at 50 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (4 mL) and washed with 1 N aq. HCl solution. The dichloromethane solution was passed through a Varian Mega Bond Elut SCX cation exchange column (prewashed with methanol and equilibrated with acetonitrile- methanol (4:1). The column was eluted sequentially with acetonitrile- methanol (4:1), methanol-2M methanolic ammonia (4:1). Fractions containing the product were combined and concentrated in vacuo. "HPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 0
100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000143_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000144_0001
Examples 336 to 362
General Procedure
Compounds 336 to 362 were prepared by an analogous method as that of
323-335, except using 315D in place of 144. The crude products were purified by automatic preparative HPLC (conditions: YMC S5 ODS A 20 x
100 mm Column, 10 min gradient starting from 10% solvent B (90%
MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA) and 90% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20,
0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B, flow rate 20 mL/min, λ = 220 nM to obtain the title compounds 336-362.
ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 04/085388
100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000145_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000146_0001
Figure imgf000147_0001
Example 363
Preparation of 2-r(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000148_0001
Compound 363 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2,6-dimethylaniline to give the title compound 363.
Example 364
Preparation of 2-r(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-N-(2.4.6-trimethylphenyl)-
5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000148_0002
Compound 364 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2,4, 6-trimethylaniline to give the title compound 364.
Example 365 Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-
F(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000148_0003
Compound 365 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315, except using 2-chloro-4,6-dimethylaniline to give the title compound 365. 004/085388
Example 366
Preparation of f4- T2-OXQ-2- f(2 A 6-trimethylphenyl)amino] ethyll -2- thiazolyl] carbamic acid 1.1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000149_0001
Compound 366 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1 except, using 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-thiazole-4-acetic acid to give the title compound 366 as a white solid.
Example 367
Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-thiazoleacetamide
Figure imgf000149_0002
Compound 367 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 365 to give the title compound 367 as a white solid.
Example 368 Preparation of 2-Methyl-5-nitro-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000149_0003
Compound 368 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid to give the title compound 368 as a white solid. 04/085388
Example 369 Preparation of 5-Amino-2-methyl-N-(2.4.6-trimethylphenyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000150_0001
10% Palladium on charcoal (30 mg) was added to a stirred solution of 368 (149 mg, 0.5 mmol) in EtOAc (50 mL). The reaction flask was equipped with a hydrogen filled balloon via a three-way stopcock. Air inside the flask was evacuated under reduced pressure and the flask filled with hydrogen from the balloon. After 4 h, the catalyst was filtered, washed with EtOAc (5 L, 5x). The filtrate was concentrated to obtain the title compound (133 mg, 99%) as a white solid.
Example 370 Preparation of 2-Amino-5-chloro-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)- 4- pyrimidinecarboxamide
Figure imgf000150_0002
Compound 370 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 2-amino-5-chloro-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid to give the title compound 370 as a white solid. Example 371
Preparation of [4-Methyl-5-[[(2.4.6-trimethylphenyl)amino1carbonyl]- 2- oxazolyll carbamic acid 1.1-dimethylethyl ester
Figure imgf000151_0001
Compound 371 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 1, except using 2-tert-butoxycarbonyloxyamino-4-methyl-5-oxazolecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 371 as a light yellow foam.
Example 372
Preparation of 2-Amino-4-(methyl)-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- oxazolecarboxamide, trifluoroacetate (1:1)
Figure imgf000151_0002
Compound 372 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 4, except using 369 to give the title compound 372 as a white solid.
Example 373 Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-pyridinecarboxamide
Figure imgf000151_0003
04/085388
Compound 373 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 6-aminonicotinic acid to give the title compound 373 as a white solid.
Example 374 Preparation 3-Amino-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4-pyridinecarboxamide
Figure imgf000152_0001
Compound 374 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 3-amino-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 374 as a white solid.
Example 375 Preparation 2-Amino-4-methyl-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- pyrimidinecarboxamide
Figure imgf000152_0002
Compound 375 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 3, except using 2-amino-4-methyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid to give the title compound 375 as a white solid. 04/085388
Example 376
Preparation ofN-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-r(4-methyl-2- pyridinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000153_0001
Compound 376 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridine to give the title compound 376 as an off-white solid.
Example 377
Preparation of 2-r(6-Amino-2-pyridinyl)amino]-N-(2-chloro-6- methylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000153_0002
Compound 377 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2,6-diaminopyridine to give the title compound 377 as a light brown solid solid. Example 378
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- r(6-propyl-2- pyridinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000154_0001
Compound 378 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 2-amino-6-propyl-pyridine to give the title compound 378 as an off-white solid.
Example 379
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- F(6-ethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000154_0002
Compound 379 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using 4-amino-6-ethyl-pyrimidine to give the title compound 379 as a white solid.
Examples 380 to 409 04/085388
General Procedure
Compounds 380 to 409 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B. For the following examples 380 to 527 ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 50 mm Ballastic Column, 4 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.2% H3P04 ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.2% H3P04), flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM. Where used, ΗPLC Ret Time 'B'" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 33 mm Turbo Column, 2 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA) with lmin at 100% solvent B, flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000155_0001
Figure imgf000156_0001
004/085388
Figure imgf000157_0001
409 '2- F(3-Bromophenyl)amino] -N- 4.12
(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Example 410
Preparation of 'N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(phenylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000158_0002
3. [5- [ F(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2-thiazolyl] carbamic acid,
1, 1-dimethylethyl ester Compound 410A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315C, except using 2,6-dimethylaniline.
B. 2-Amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 5-thiazolecarboxamide Compound 410B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315D, except using compound 410A.
C. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of
319B, except using compound 410B and aniline. HPLC Ret. Time
3.69min.
Examples 411 to 427 General Procedure
Compounds 411 to 427 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B.
04/085388
Figure imgf000160_0001
Figure imgf000161_0002
Example 428
Preparation of '2-(2-Pyridinylamino)-N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000161_0001
3. [5-[[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-thiazolyl]carbamic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester
Compound 428A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315C, except using 2,4,6-trimethylaniline. B. 2-Amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyP- 5-thiazolecarboxamide Compound 428B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 315D, except using compound 428A.
C. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B, except using compound 428B and 2-aminopyridine. HPLC Ret. Time 3.66min.
Examples 429 to 443
General Procedure
Compounds 429 to 443 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 319B.
Figure imgf000162_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000163_0001
Example 444
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rF2-methyl-6-rr2-('4- morpholinvDethyl] a ino] -4-pyrimidinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000164_0001
A
Figure imgf000164_0002
To a suspension of NaH (148mg, 6.17mmol) in THF (20mL) was added a solution of compound 315D (551mg, 2.06mmol) in THF (lOmL) and stirred at RT for 0.5h. A solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylpyrimidine (671.6mg, 4.12mmol) in THF (lOmL) and stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched with acetic acid and the solvent removed in vacuo. Water and saturated NaHC03 were added to the residue and extracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was removed in vacuo and the crude material purified by column chromatography to give 444A (494mg).
B. Title Compound To compound 444A (30mg) was added N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine
(300μL) and the mixture was heated at 80°C for 2h. Water was added to the reaction and the product was collected by filtration. HPLC Ret. Time 2.357min. 04/085388
Examples 445 to 461
General Procedure
Compounds 445 to 461 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B by substituting the appropriate amine.
Figure imgf000165_0001
04/085388
Figure imgf000166_0001
460 -c 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- 3.027 m K [[2-methyl-6- [[(5-methyl-2-
CH, pyrazinyl)methyl] amino] -4- pyrimidinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
461 N. / 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- 2.78 [[2-methyl-6-[[2-(lH-l,2,3-
CH, triazol-l-yl)ethyl] amino] -4- pyrimidinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
Example 462
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-FF6-Fr2-(4- morpholinyDethyl] amino] -4-pyrimidinyll amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000167_0001
A
Figure imgf000167_0002
Compound 462A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444A, except using 4,6-dichloropyrimidine.
B. Title Compound The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 462A in place of compound 444A. HPLC Ret. Time 2.553min.
Examples 463 to 472
General Procedure
Compounds 463 to 472 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B by substituting the appropriate amine. ΗPLC Ret Time 'B'" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC S5 ODS 4.6 x 33 mm Turbo Column, 2 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA) with lmin at 100% solvent B, flow rate 4 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000168_0001
Figure imgf000169_0002
Example 473
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-f r6-[[2-(4- morpholinyl)ethyl1amino]-2-pyridinvnamino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000169_0001
004/085388
A.
Figure imgf000170_0001
To a suspension of NaH (2.83g,118mmol) in DMF (350mL) cooled to 0°C was added compound 319A (31g, 93.5mmol). The mixture was stirred for 45min at 0°C then Bu4NI (6.9g, 18.7mmol) was added followed by addition of 4-methoxy benzylchloride (18g, llδmmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to RT. After stirring overnight at RT the reaction was quenched slowly with acetic acid then the solvent removed in vacuo. To the residue was added water and neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHC03. The mixture was extracted 3 times with EtOAc and the combined organic layers washed with water then washed with saturated NaCl solution. The EtOAc layer was concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by column chromatography to give 473A (35g).
B
Figure imgf000170_0002
To compound 473A (0.5g, l.lmmol) dissolved in THF (50mL) was slowly added NaH (0.13g, 5.5mmol) followed by 2-bromo-6-aminopyridine (0.76g, 4.4mmol). The reaction was heated to reflux for 2h then cooled to RT and quenched with acetic acid. The solvent was removed in vacuo then water and hexane was added and stirred at RT. The solid precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and Et20 to give 473B (0.48g)
C
Figure imgf000171_0001
To compound 473B (0.48g) dissolved in TFA (5mL) was added anisole
(2mL) followed by triflic acid (lmL). The reaction was stirred at RT for 3h then was slowly added to a rapidly stirred mixture of ice, saturated NaHCOg, Et20 and CH2C12. The mixture was stirred cold for lh then the solid precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water followed by Et20/CH2C12 mixture to give 473C (0.344g). HPLC Ret. Time 3.85min.
D. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 473C in place of compound 444A. HPLC Ret. Time 2.80min.
Examples 474 to 480
General Procedure 04/085388
Compounds 474 to 480 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 473D by substituting the appropriate amine.
Figure imgf000172_0001
Example 481
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylρhenyl)-2-f [6-rr2-(4- morpholinyPethyl] amino] -2-pyrazinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000173_0001
A.
Figure imgf000173_0002
Compound 481A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 2-chloro-6-aminopyrazine in place of compound 2- bromo-6-aminopyridine.
B. (alternate synthesis for compound 406)
Figure imgf000173_0003
Compound 406 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 481 A in place of compound 473B.
C. Title Compound The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 406 in place of compound 444A. HPLC Ret. Time 2.69min.
Examples 482 to 486
General Procedure
Compounds 482 to 486 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 481C by substituting the appropriate amine.
Figure imgf000174_0001
Figure imgf000175_0001
Example 487
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[F6-(3-hvdroxy-l- pyrrolidinyl)-3-pyridazinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000175_0002
A.
Figure imgf000175_0003
Compound 487A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 3-chloro-5-aminopyridazine in place of compound 2-bromo-6-aminopyridine.
B
Figure imgf000176_0001
Compound 487B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 487A in place of compound 473B.
C. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 487B in place of compound 444A, and 3- hydroxypyrrolidine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.493min.
Example 488
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[r6-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)-3- pyridazinynamino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000176_0002
Compound 488 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 487C, except using imidazole in place of 3-hydroxypyrrolidine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.61min. Example 489
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- r[3-(methylamino)-2- pyrazinyll amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000177_0001
A.
Figure imgf000177_0002
Compound 489A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using compound 2-chloro-3-aminopyrazine in place of compound 2- bromo-6-aminopyridine.
B
Figure imgf000177_0003
Compound 489B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 489A in place of compound 473B. C. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of
444B, except using compound 489B in place of compound 444A, and using methylamine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time
2.81min.
Examples 490 to 494
General Procedure
Compounds 490 to 494 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 489C by substituting the appropriate amine.
Figure imgf000178_0001
Example 495 Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(cyclohexylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide 004 0
Figure imgf000179_0001
Compound 495 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 319A in place of compound 444A, and using cyclohexylamine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 3.547min.
Examples 496 to 500
General Procedure
Compounds 496 to 500 were prepared by an analogous method as that of 495 by substituting the appropriate amine.
Figure imgf000179_0002
Example 501
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- rr6-(methoxymethyl)-4- pyrimidinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000180_0001
A
,OH
H3co
N. ^N
To the mixture of methyl 4-methoxyacetoacetate (14.6 g, 0.1 oL) and formami-dine hydrogen chloride salt (16.1 g, 0.2 moL) in 70 L of dry MeOH was added a 25% solution of sodium methoxide (70 L, 0.3 moL) in MeOH portionwise. A white precipitate was formed immediately. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.0 hr. Acetic acid (28.6 mL, 0.5 moL) was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Water was added to the residue and the mixture was supersaturated with NaCl and extracted with EtOAc (x5). Combined extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and concentrated in vacuo to give 8.13 g of compound 501A as a yellow solid.
B
Figure imgf000180_0002
The mixture of compound 501A (5.3 g, 37.8 mmoL) and POCl3 (40 mL) was heated to reflux for 2.0 hrs. Concentration in vacuo and the residue was poured into a mixture of ice-CH2Cl2. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 to 7 using concentrated NH4OH. The mixture was extracted with CH2C12 (x3) and combined extracts were dried over Na2S04. Concentration in vacuo followed by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2-EtOAc: 9:1) on silica gel gave 5.33 g of compound 501B as a pale yellow oil.
,NH2
H3co ^N
The mixture of compound 501B (3.2 g, 20 mmoL) and NH4OH (50 mL) was heated to 85. C in a pressure tube for 3.o hrs. After cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was triturated with ether to give 2.81 g of compound 501 C as a pale yellow solid.
D
Figure imgf000181_0001
Compound 501D was prepared from compound 501 C by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B. E Title Compound
The title compound was prepared from compound 501D by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C. HPLC Retention time = 3.25 min.
Example 502
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[6-(hydroxymethyl)-4- pyrimidinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000182_0001
To a solution of compound 501 (56 mg, 0.144 mmoL) in dry CH2C12 (3.0 mL) cooled at O.C was added neat BBr3 (0.054 mL, 0.574 mmoL). The mixture was stirred for 1.0 hr at ambient temperature. MeOH was added slowly with care at O.C and the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Water was added to the residue and pH was adjusted to 7 with Sat'd NaHC03. The white precipitate was collected by filtration, rinsed with water/ether and dried under high vacuum to give 52 mg of
Compound 502 as an off-white solid. HPLC Retention time = 2.84 min.
Example 503
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2- f f 6-(4-morpholinylmethyP- 4-pyrimidinyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000183_0001
A
Figure imgf000183_0002
To a suspension of compound 502 (44.2 mg, 0.118 mmoL) in 0.5 mL of dry CH2C12 was added thionyl chloride (0.086 L, 1.18 mmoL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5.0 hrs. Concentration in vacuo and the residue was azeotropic evaporated with CH2C12 to give 56 g of 503 as an yellow solid.
B Title Compound
The mixture of compound 503A (20 mg), morpholine (0.014 mL) and diisopropylethyl amine (0.09 mL) in 0.5 L of dry dioxane was heated to
85. C for 4.0 hrs. Concentration in vacuo followed by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2-MeOH-NH4OH: 95:5:0.5) on silica gel gave 15 mg of title compound as an off-white solid.
HPLC Retention time = 2.52 min. Examples 504 to 513
General Procedure
Compounds 504 to 513 were prepared from 503A by a route analogous to that used for the preparation of 503. The compounds of these examples have the structure:
04/085388
Figure imgf000185_0001
004/085388
Figure imgf000186_0003
Example 514
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(2-naphthalenylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000186_0001
Figure imgf000186_0002
Compound 514A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminonapthaline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine.
B. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 514A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 4.11min.
Example 515
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(2-quinolinylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000187_0001
A
Figure imgf000187_0002
Compound 515A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminoquinoline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine .
B. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 515A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 3.94min.
Example 516
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(3-isoquinolinylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000188_0001
A
Figure imgf000188_0002
Compound 516A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 3-aminoisoquinoline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine .
B. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 516A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 3.94min.
Example 517
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(2-quinoxalinylamino)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000189_0001
Figure imgf000189_0002
004/085388
Compound 517A was prepared from 473A by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 2-aminoquinoxaline in place of 2-bromo-6- aminopyridine.
B. Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using compound 517A in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 3.927min.
Example 518
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-2- [F2-methyl-6-(4- morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl1amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000190_0001
A
Figure imgf000190_0002
Compound 518A was prepared from 144 by an analogous method as that of 319A.
B
Figure imgf000191_0001
Compound 518B was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473A, except using 518A in place of 319A.
Figure imgf000191_0002
Compound 518C was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473B, except using 518B in place of 473A, and 4-amino-6-chloro-2- methylpyrimidine in place of 2-amino-6-bromopyridine.
D
Figure imgf000191_0003
Compound 518D was prepared by an analogous method as that of 473C, except using 518C in place of 473B.
E. Title Compound The title compound was prepared by an analogous method as that of 444B, except using compound 518D in place of compound 444A, and morpholine in place of N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 3.397min.
Example 519
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-4-methyl-2-Ff2-methyl-6-Ff2- (4-morpholinyl)ethyl1 amino] -4-pyrimidinyl] aminol -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000192_0001
Compound 519 was prepared by an analogous method as that of 518E, except using N-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine in place of morpholine. HPLC Ret. Time 2.493min.
Example 520 Alternative preparation of compound 321
Figure imgf000193_0001
A
C'→U
Compound 520A was prepared from 2-aminothiazole according to the procedure described in UK Patent Application GB 2323595A.
B
Figure imgf000193_0002
To a solution of compound 520A (480 mg, 4.0 mmoL) in dry THF (10 mL) cooled at -78. C was added a 2.5M solution of n-BuLi (1.68 mL, 4.2 mmoL) in hexane dropwise via a syringe while kept the internal temperature below -75. C. Upon completion of addition, a beige suspension was obtained. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min at -78. C. A solution of 2-chloro-6-methyl phenyl isocyanate (0.6 mL, 4.4 mmoL) in 5 mL of dry THF was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 2.0 hrs at -78.C. Saturated aq. NH4C1 solution (10 mL) was added, the mixture was partitioned between EtO Ac-water and extracted with EtOAc (x2). The combined extracts were dried over Na2S04 and concentration in vacuo to give, after recrystalization from EtOAc-hexane, 0.99 g of title compound as a pale yellow crystalline material.
Figure imgf000194_0001
Compound 520C was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 520B in place of 319A.
D
Figure imgf000194_0002
Compound 520D was prepared from compound 520C by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
3. Title Compound Compound 321 was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C.
Example 521
Preparation of '2-F(2.6-Dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-N-phenyl-5- thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000195_0001
Figure imgf000195_0002
Compound 521A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using phenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
B
Figure imgf000195_0003
Compound 521B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 521A in place of 319A.
C
Figure imgf000196_0001
Compound 521C was prepared from compound 521B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
D Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C. HPLC Ret. Time 1.3 min method B
Example 522 Preparation of '2-F(2.6-Dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)methylamino]-N-(2- methylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000197_0001
A
Figure imgf000197_0002
Compound 522A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 2-methylphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
B
Figure imgf000197_0003
Compound 522B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 522A in place of 319A.
Figure imgf000198_0001
Compound 522C was prepared from compound 522B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
D
Figure imgf000198_0002
Sodium hydride (60% in oil; 40 mg; 1 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 522C (280 mg; 0.61 mmol) in 2 ml of DMF at room temp. After stirring 30 minutes, iodomethane (0.2 ml; 3 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred 4 hr. After the reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml), the organic layer was washed with water (2 x 50 ml) and brine (50 ml). Drying (MgS04) and concentration afforded an oil that was chromatographed on a 2.5 x 15 cm silica gel column using 50-75% ethyl acetate/hexane. The pure fractions were concentrated and the residue was crystalized from ethyl acetate hexane to afford 100 mg of 522D as a light yellow solid. E Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C. HPLC Ret. Time 1.21 min method B
Example 523
Preparation of '2-F(2,6-Dimethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]-N-(2- methylphenyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000199_0001
Compound 523 was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C, except using compound 522C in place of 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 1.24 min method B
Example 524
Preparation of 'N-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-r(2,6-dimethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000199_0002
004
A
Figure imgf000200_0001
Compound 524A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 3,5-dimethoxyphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
B
Figure imgf000200_0002
Compound 524B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 524A in place of 319A.
Figure imgf000201_0001
Compound 524C was prepared from compound 524B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
D Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C, except using compound 524C in place of compound 473B HPLC Ret. Time 1.28 min method B
Example 525
Preparation of 'N-F2,6-Bis(l-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-F(2.6-dimethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000201_0002
004
A
Figure imgf000202_0001
Compound 525A was prepared by an analogous method as that of 520B, except using 2,2-diisopropylphenylisocyanate in place of 2-chloro-6- methylphenylisocyanate.
B
Figure imgf000202_0002
Compound 525B was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473A, using 525A in place of 319A.
C
Figure imgf000203_0001
Compound 525C was prepared from compound 525B by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473B.
D Title Compound
The title compound was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 473C, except using compound 525C in place of compound 473B. HPLC Ret. Time 1.6 min method B
Example 526 Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-F(2,6-dimethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)methylaminol-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000203_0002
A mixture of compound 321 (110 mg; 0.29 mmol), potassium carbonate (138 mg; 1 mmol) and iodomethane (0.06 ml; 1 mmol) in DMF was stirred 2 hr at room temperature. After the reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (25 ml) and water (25 ml), the organic layer was washed with water (2 x 25 ml) and brine (25 ml). Drying (MgS04) and concentration afforded an oil that was chromatographed on a 2.5 x 15 cm silica gel column using 1-4% MeOH/CH2Cl2 and the fractions containing compound 526 were collected to give 20mg of product. HPLC Ret. Time 1.3min method B.
Example 527
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-F(2,6-dimethyl-4- pyrimidinyl)amino]-N-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000204_0001
Compound 527 was prepared by a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compound 526, except the fractions containing compound 527 were collected to give 60mg of product. HPLC Ret. Time 1.23 min method B
Example 528
Preparation of 2-Bromo-N-, N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-
(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000204_0002
To a cooled (0 °C) THF solution of 2-chloro-6-methyl aniline (2.86 mL, 23.3 mmol, 1.10 equiv) was added dropwise a 1.0 M solution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (42.2 mL, 42.2 mmol, 2.00 equiv) via syringe. The homogeneous solution was allowed to stir for 5 minutes, and then a THF solution of ethyl 2-bromo-5-thiazolecarboxylate (5.00 g, 21.1 mmol, 1.00 equiv, prepared in a manner analogous to compound 319A) was added via cannula. The solution was allowed to stir for 15 minutes until TLC analysis showed no remaining starting material. To the reaction was then added 4-methoxybenzyl chloride (7.15 mL, 52.7 mmol, 2.5 equiv), followed by a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium iodide (1.56 g, 4.22 mmol, 0.20 equiv). The homogeneous mixture was allowed to stir overnight at ambient temperature and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na2S04. After filtration and removal of solvent, the product was purified by flash chromatography (10-20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford the title compound as a tan solid (47%).
Example 529 Preparation of N-, N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-(4-methoxybenzyl)-
2- F(6-bromo-2-pyridinyl)amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000205_0001
Compound 529 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using 528 and 6-bromo-2-aminopyridine as the reactants.
Example 530
Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-F(6-bromo- 004/085388
2-pyridinyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000206_0001
Compound 529 (0.500 g, 0.919 mmol, 1.00 equiv) was dissolved in 5 mL trifluoroacetic acid and charged at ambient temperature with 2 mL anisole followed by 1 mL trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The dark red homogeneous solution was allowed to stir overnight, and then quenched by carefully pouring the solution into an ice/sodium bicarbonate mixture. A white solid was filtered off and washed sequentially with water, 1:1 hexane/ether, and ether to afford the title compound (41%).
Examples 531-538 General Procedure
Compounds 531 to 538 were prepared to the general procedure described below. A 1-dram vial was charged with 530 and excess amine and heated to 90 °C overnight. The residue was then purified by reverse phase HPLC to afford the pure compound. For the following examples 531 to 555 "HPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the following conditions: YMC ODS-A C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm, 2 min gradient starting from 100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA ) to 100% solvent B (90% MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA), flow rate 5 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000206_0002
thiazolecarboxamide
532 *2-[[6-[[3-(lH- 1.41
Benzimidazol-1- yl)propyl] amino] -2-
Figure imgf000207_0001
pyridinyl] amino] -N-(2- chloro-6- methylphenyl)-5- thiazolecarboxamide
533 'N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.24 d methylphenyl)-2-[[6- UCr S [[4-(lH-imidazol-l- yl)butyl] amino] -2- pyridinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
534 'N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.25
F\ methylphenyl)-2- [[6- [[5-(lH-imidazol-l- yl)pentyl] amino] -2- pyridinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
535 'N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.14 methylphenyl)-2- [[6-
Figure imgf000207_0002
[[3-(4-methyl-l- piperazinyl)propyl] ami no]-2- pyridinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
536 'N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.29 methylphenyl)-2- [ [6- [[4-(lH-imidazol-l-
Figure imgf000207_0003
yDphenyl] amino] -2- pyridinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
537 ■N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.27 methylphenyl)-2- [[6-
Figure imgf000207_0004
[[6-(lH-imidazol-l- yDhexyl] amino] -2- pyridinyl]amino]-5- thiazolecarboxamide 538 'N-(2-Chloro-6- 1.24 c methylphenyl)-2- [[6- [(3-lH-imidazol-l- ylpropyl)amino]-2- pyridinyl] amino] -5- thiazolecarboxamide
Example 539 Preparation of Ethyl-2- F(6-bromo-2-pyridinyl)amino] -5-thiazolecarboxylate
Figure imgf000208_0001
Compound 539 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using ethyl 2-bromo-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 6-bromo-2-aminopyridine as the reactants.
Examples 540-550
General Procedure
Compounds 540 to 550 were prepared according to the general procedure described below. Compound 539 was condensed with the appropriate aniline according to the procedure for example 528 to afford the afford the corresponding N-(4-methoxybenzyl)amide. The intermediate bromopyridine was then reacted with N-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole according to the procedure for examples 531 to 538 to afford the corresponding diaminopyridine. Removal of the 4-methoxybenzyl group according to the procedure described for example 530 followed by purification by reverse phase preparative HPLC afforded compounds 540 to 550.
Figure imgf000209_0001
Figure imgf000210_0001
Example 551
Preparation of Ethyl-2- [(6-bromo-2-pyridinyl)amino] -
4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate
Figure imgf000210_0002
Compound 551 was prepared in an analogous manner to 319B, except using ethyl 2-bromo-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate and 6-bromo-2- aminopyridine as the reactants.
Examples 552 and 553
Compounds 552 and 553 were prepared using a similar procedure described for the preparation of compounds 540 to 550, except using compound 551 as the starting material.
Figure imgf000211_0002
Example 554
Preparation of 'N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rr3-f[3-(lH-imidazol-l- yDpropyl] amino] phenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000211_0001
A solution of 528 (0.127 g, 0.281 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 3-[N-,N-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazoyl]-l,3-phenylenediamine (0.178 g, 0.563 mmol, 2.00 equiv) in 0.200 mL DMSO was heated at 120 °C in a sealed vial overnight. Purification by reverse phase preparative HPLC followed by deprotection according to the procedure for compound 530 afforded the title compound.
Example 555 Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-FF5-rr3-(lH-imidazo1-l- vDpropyl] amino] -2-nitrophenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000212_0001
A solution of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene (0.400 mL, 3.65 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in acetonitrile was charged with jCO,, (0.605 g, 4.38 mmol, 1.20 equiv) followed by ethyl-2-amino-5-thiazolecarboxylate (0.628 g, 3.65 mmol, 1.00 equiv) as a solid. The heterogeneous mixture was sealed and heated to
120 °C overnight. The solution was filtered and then concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography afforded ethyl-2- [(3 -fluoro-6- nitro-l-phenyl)amino]-
5-thiazolecarboxylate as a yellow solid (9%). This intermediate was coupled with 2-chloro-6-methyl aniline according to the procedure for compound 528 to afford N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[3-(fluoro-6-nitro- l-phenyl)amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide (21%). The title compound was synthesized by reacting this intermediate with excess N-(3-aminopropyl)- imidazole at 80 °C followed by purification by reverse phase preparative HPLC.
Examples 556-566
General Procedure:
Compounds 556 to 566 were prepared according to the general procedure
described below. A mixture of 2-bromo-N-[2-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-5-
thiazolecarboxamide 319A, an aniline (1 eq), 1.0 N aqueous HCl (0.5 eq)
in n-BuOH was heated overnight at 120°C in a sealed vial. This was
diluted with methanol and the product was isolated by preparative HPLC
(YMC S5 ODS 30 x 100 mm column eluted with a gradient comprised of two solvent mixtures (mixture A: 10% MeOH, 90% water, and 0.1% TFA;
mixture B: 90% MeOH, 10% water, and 0.1% TFA). For anilines
substituted with a carboxylic acid group, the reaction mixture was treated
with 1 N aqueous NaOH (5 eq) overnight before final purification of the
product by HPLC. 'ΗPLC Ret Time" is the HPLC retention time under the
following conditions: YMC S5 OSD 4.6 x 30 mm (for 556 to 560) or YMC
S7 ODS 3 x 50 mm column (for 561 to 566), 2 min gradient starting from
100% solvent A (10% MeOH, 90% H20, 0.1% TFA) to 100% solvent B (90%
MeOH, 10% H20, 0.1% TFA), flow rate 5 mL/min, λ = 220 nM.
Figure imgf000213_0001
Figure imgf000214_0001
Example 567
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rri-F3-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)propyn-lH-
benzimidazol-4-yl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000215_0001
A mixture of l-bromo-3-chloropropane (10 L, 0.10 mmole), imidazole
(6.81 gm, 0.10 mmole) in ethanolic NaOEt (41.3 mL, 21 wt%, 1.1 mmole)
was heated at reflux for 1 hr. After cooling to RT, this was filtered and
the filter cake was washed with EtOH. The solvent was removed from the
filtrate to afford crude 3-chloro-l-(imidazo-l-yl)-propane as an oil. A
portion of the crude chloride (1.07 gm, 7.40 mmole) was added to a
mixture of 4-nitro-benzimidazole (1.09 gm, 6.66 mmole) and NaH (293
mg, 60% in oil, 8.14 mmole) in DMF (15 mL). After being heated at 60°C
overnight and then 75°C for 3 hr, the solvent was removed. The residue
was partitioned between water and a mixture of 10% MeOH in DCM.
The organic phase was separated, dried (Na2S04) and the solvents
removed. Radial chromatography (4 mm silica gel plate that was eluted
with a step gradient of DCM containing 2, 3, 4, ...10% MeOH) afforded the
major product, l-[3-imidazo-l-ylpropyl]-4-nitro-benzimidazole as a solid
(513 mg, 28%). A mixture of this material (250 mg) and 10% palladium on
charcoal (200 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) under a hydrogen atmosphere
(balloon) was vigorously stirred for 1 hr. Removal of the catalyst by
filtration and the solvent under reduced pressure left the crude 4-amino-l-
[3-imidazo-l-ylpropyl]-benzimidazole as a solid. A portion of this material (46 mg, 0.191 mmole) was added to a mixture of 319A (63 mg, 1.0 eq), an
aqueous solution of HCl (0.24 mL, 1.0 M, 1.25 eq) and n-BuOH (1 mL).
This was heated in a sealed vial at 120°C for 44 hr. After cooling to RT,
567 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S5 4.6 x 30 mm): 1.20 min) was
isolated by preparative HPLC.
Example 568
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rn-r2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)ethyll-lH-indazol-
6-yl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000216_0001
A mixture of l-bromo-2-chloroethane (4.6 mL, 0.055 mole), imidazole (3.40
gm, 0.050 mole) in ethanolic NaOEt (19 mL, 21 wt%, 1 eq) was heated at
reflux for 2 hr. After cooling to RT, the reaction was filtered and the filter
cake was washed with EtOH. The solvent was removed from the filtrate
to afford crude 2-chloro-l-(imidazo-l-yl)-ethane. A portion of the crude
chloride (2.24 gm, 17.2 mmole) was added to a mixture of 6-nitro-indazole
(1.63 gm, 10.0 mmole), K,^ (1.50 mg, 1.1 eq), and KI (1.70 gm, 1.1 eq) in
DMF (15 mL). After being heated at 70°C overnight and then 90°C for 4
hr, the solvent was removed. The residue was partitioned between water
and a mixture of 5% MeOH in DCM. The organic phase was separated,
dried (Na2S04) and the solvents removed. Radial chromatography (4mm silica gel plate that was eluted with a step gradient of DCM containing 0,
1, 2% MeOH) afforded 659 mg of l-[2-imidazo-l-ylethyl]-6-nitro-indazole
and 450 mg of the isomeric 2-[2-imidazo-l-ylethyl]-6-nitro-indazole. A
mixture of l-[2-imidazo-l-ylethyl]-6-nitro-indazole (650 mg) and 10%
palladium on charcoal (600 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) under a hydrogen
atmosphere (balloon) was vigorously stirred overnight. Removal of the
catalyst by filtration and the solvent under reduced pressure left the crude
6-amino-l-[2-imidazo-l-ylethyl]-indazole as a solid. A portion of this
material (68.1 mg, 1.5 eq) was added to a mixture of 556 (99.3 mg, 0.300
mmole), an aqueous solution of HCl (0.45 mL, 1.0 M, 1.5 eq) and n-BuOH
(1.5 mL). This was heated in a sealed vial at 120°C for 44 hr. After
cooling to RT, 568 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.31
min) was isolated by preparative HPLC.
Example 569
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rr2-f2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)ethyll-2H-indazol-
6-yll amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000217_0001
Beginning with the isomeric 2-[2-imidazo-l-ylethyl]-6-nitro-indazole, 569
(HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.28 min) was prepared
in the same manner as 568.
Example 570
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[(l-methyl-lH-benzimidazol-6-yl)amino1-5-
thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000218_0001
and
Example 571
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[(l-methyl-lH-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino1-5-
thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000218_0002
Beginning with 5-nitrobenzimidazole and methyl iodide, 570 (HPLC
retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.23 min) and 571 (HPLC
retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.23 min) were prepared in the
same manner as compounds 557 and 558.
Example 572 N-f2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-r[2-r3-(lH-imidazol-l-vI)propynamiτ1o1-1 H-
benzimidazol-5-yl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000219_0001
A mixture of 2-chloro-5-nitro-benzimidazole (985 mg, 5.0 mmole) and l-(3-
aminopropyD-imidazole (1.8 mL, 3 eq) in toluene (15 mL) was heated at
reflux for 5 hr. The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and brine to
give a precipitate that was collected by filtration. Flash chromatography
of this material (silica gel; stepwise gradient elution with mixtures of
DCM containing 1, 2, 3,...10% MeOH) afforded 2-[3-[imidazo-l-yl]-
propylamino]-5-nitro-benzimidazole (550mg) as a solid. This material was
combined with 10% Pd on charcoal (500 mg), suspended in EtOH, and
stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) overnight. Removal of the
catalyst by filtration and the solvent under reduced pressure left the crude
5-amino-2-[3-imidazo-l-ylpropylamino]- benzimidazole as a solid. A
portion of this material (77 mg, 0.30 mmole) was added to a mixture of
319A (99 mg, 1.0 eq), an aqueous solution of HCl (0.60 mL, 1.0 M, 2 eq)
and n-BuOH (1.5 mL). This was heated in a sealed vial at 120°C for 20
hr. After cooling to RT, 572 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50
mm): 1.20 min) was isolated by preparative HPLC.
Example 573 N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-r[2-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1H-
benzimidazol-5-vll aminol -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000220_0001
A mixture of 3,4-diamino-nitrobenzene (15.3 g, 0.10 mole) and chloroacetic
acid (14.18 gm, 1.5 eq) in 5.0 N aqueous HCl (80 mL) was heated at reflux
for 1 hr. After cooling to RT, the reaction was filtered through celite and
the filtrate was stored at 0°C for 2 days. The crystals that formed, were
collected and recrystallized from a mixture of EtOH and water to give 7.2
gm of the hydrogen chloride salt of 2-chloromethyl-5-nitro-benzimidazole.
A portion of this salt (528 mg, 2.13 mmole) and morpholine (1.31 mL, 7 eq)
in toluene (15 mL) were heated at reflux for 4 hr. After cooling to RT, the
reaction was filtered and the filter cake was washed with toluene. The
solvent was removed from the filtrate to leave the crude 2-[N-
morpholinylm ethyl] -5-nitro-benzimidazole as an oil. A portion of this
material (657 mg) and 10% palladium on charcoal (650 mg) in EtOH (10
mL) was stirred overnight under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon).
Removal of the catalyst by filtration and the solvent left the crude 5-
amino-2-[N-morpholinylm ethyl] -benzimidazole as an oil. A portion of this
material was coupled with 556 as described for 570 to afford 573 (HPLC
retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 0.92 min). Example 574
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rr2-(lH-imidazol-l-ylmethyl)-lH-
benzimidazol-5-yl1 aminol -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000221_0001
Beginning with imidazole and 2-chloromethyl-5-nitro-benzimidazole
compound 574 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.17 min)
was prepared in the same manner as compounds 570.
Example 575
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rf3-rr5-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)-2-
pyridinyl] aminol phenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000221_0002
A mixture of 3-nitroaniline (2.91 gm, 21.1 mmole) and 2,5-
dibromopyridine (5.0 gm, 1 eq) was heated at 185°C for 1 hr. After cooling
to RT, the solid was broken up and treated with a mixture of saturated aq.
NaHC03 and 10% MeOH in DCM. The suspended solid was collected by
filtration and washed with a little 10% MeOH in DCM and then water to leave, after drying, 3.72 gm of crude N-[5-bromo-pyridin-2-yl]-5-
nitroaniline. A portion of this material (500 mg, 1.70 mmole) was
combined with imidazole (116 mg, 1 eq), Cul (81 mg, 0.25 eq), and K^COg
(235 mg, 1 eq) in DMF (2 mL) and the mixture was heated at 130°C for 2
days. After cooling to RT, the solvent was removed and the residue was
partitioned between water and a mixture of 20% MeOH in DCM. The
organic phase was removed, dried (Na2S04), and the solvents removed to
leave the crude N-[5-imidazo-l-yl]-pyridin-2-yl]-5-nitroaniline as a solid.
This was taken and treated with 10% palladium on charcoal (650 mg) in
EtOH under a hydrogen atmosphere for 1.5 hr. Removal of the catalyst
and then the solvent left the crude N-[5-imidazo-l-yl]-pyridin-2-yl]-5-
aminoaniline. It was purified by radial chromatography (4 mm silica gel
plate that was eluted with a step gradient of DCM containing 1, 2, 3,...6%
MeOH). The aniline was then coupled with 319A as described for 570 to
afford 575 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S5 4.6 x 30 mm): 1.42 min).
Example 576
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[r3-[3-(lH-imidazol-l-
vDpropoxyl phenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000222_0001
and
Example 577 N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rr4-r3-(lH-imidazol-l-
yl)propoxy]phenyl1amino1-5-thiazolecarboχamide
Figure imgf000223_0001
A suspension of 3-nitrophenol (837 mg, 6.02 mmole), l-chloro-3-[imidazo-
l-yl]-propane (871 mg, 1 eq), I^COg (3.3 gm, 4 eq) and Nal (1.0 gm, 1.1 eq)
in DMF was heated at 120°C for 6 hr. After cooling to RT, the reaction
was filtered and the filter cake was washed with DMF. The solvent was
removed from the filtrate and the residue was chromatographed (radial
chromatography; 4 mm silica gel plate that was eluted with a step
gradient of DCM containing 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5% MeOH) to afford 400 mg of
3-[3-imidazo-l-ylρropyloxy]]- nitrobenzene. This was treated with 10%
palladium on charcoal (400 mg) in EtOH under a hydrogen atmosphere for
4 hr. Removal of the catalyst and the solvent left 3-[3-imidazo-l-
ylpropyloxy]]- aniline was then coupled with 319A as described for 570 to
afford 576 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S5 4.6 x 30 mm): 1.33 min).
Beginning with 4-nitrophenol and l-chloro-3-[imidazo-l-yl]-propane 577
(HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S5 4.6 x 30 mm): 1.42 min) was
prepared in a similar manner as 576.
Example 578 N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rr4-r2-(lH-imidazol-l-vnfttbnxy]-3-
methoxyphenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000224_0001
Beginning with 2-methoxy-4-nitrophenol and l-chloro-3-[imidazo-l-yl]-
ethane, 578 (HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S5 4.6 x 30 mm): 1.35 min)
was prepared in a similar manner as 576.
Example 579
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-rf3-rr[3-(lH-imidazol-l-
vDpropyl] aminol sulfonyl] phenyl] aminol -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000224_0002
and
Example 580
N-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-[[4-[f[3-(lH-imidazol-l-
vDpropyl] amino] sulfonyl] phenyl] amino] -5-thiazolecarboxamide
Figure imgf000224_0003
3-Imidazo-l-yl-propylamine (2.04 mL, 2.5 eq) was added to a solution of 3-
nitro-benzenesulfonyl chloride (1.5 gm, 6.77 mmole) in THF (20 mL) at RT. After 1 hr, the solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned
between water and a mixture of 10% MeOH in DCM. The organic phase
was separated, washed with water and dried (Na2S04). The crude N-[3-
[imidazo-l-yl]-propyl]-3-nitro-benzenesulfonamide was treated with 10%
palladium on charcoal (2 gm) in THF (60 mL) under a hydrogen
atmosphere overnight. Removal of the catalyst and then the solvent left
crude 3-amino-N-[3-[imidazo-l-yl]-propyl]-benzenesulfonamide which was
then coupled with 319A as described for 570 to afford 579 (HPLC
retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.22 min). Beginning with 4-
nitro-benzenesulfonyl chloride and 3-[imidazo-l-yl]-propylamine, 580
(HPLC retention time (YMC ODS S7 3 x 50 mm): 1.21 min) was prepared
in a similar manner as 579.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method for the treatment of a cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of formula III or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000226_0001
wherein: each Ri, R3 and R4 is, independently, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents; and
R2 is hydrogen or alkyl; wherein the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cancer is sensitive to treatment by an inhibitor of BCR-ABL kinase.
3. A method for the treatment of a cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula IV:
Figure imgf000227_0001
IV
wherein the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the cancer is sensitive to treatment by an inhibitor of BCR-ABL kinase.
5. A method for the treatment of a cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a therapeutic agent and an effective amount of a compound of formula III:
Figure imgf000227_0002
wherein: each Ri, R3 and R is, independently, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group, optionally substituted with one or more substituents; and R2 is hydrogen or alkyl; wherein the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the therapeutic agent is administered following administration of the compound of formula III.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the therapeutic agent is administered prior to administration of the compound of formula III.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the therapeutic agent is administered simultaneously with administration of the compound of formula III.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the compound of formula III is the compound of formula IV:
Figure imgf000228_0001
IV
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the compound of formula III is the compound of formula IV:
Figure imgf000229_0001
IV
11. A method for the treatment of a cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the compound of formula I or salt thereof, wherein the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, melanoma, mastocytosis, germ cell tumors, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), pediatric sarcomas, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, or prostate cancer;
Figure imgf000229_0002
where ' Q is thiazole optionally substituted with R^ Z is a single bond; X] and X2 together form =O; Ri is
(1) hydrogen or R6, where R6 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with Zι, Z2 and one or more groups Z ;
(2) -OH or -OR6;
(3) -SH or -SR6; (4) -C(O)2H, -C(O)qR6, or -O-C(O)qR6, where q is 1 or 2;
(5) -SO3H or -S(O)qR6;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro; (9) -Z4-NR7R8;
(10) -Z4-N(R9)-Z5-NR10Rπ;
(11) -Z4-N(R12)-Z5-R6;
(12) -P(O)(OR6)2;
R2 is hydrogen, R6, -Z -R6 or -Z13-NR7R8; R3 is -Z4-R6 where Z is a single bond and R6 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with groups Z1; Z2 and one or more groups Z3; R4 and R5
(1) are each independently hydrogen or R ;
(2) -Z4-N(R9)-Z5-NR10Rπ; (3) -N(R9)Z4R6; or
(4) together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached complete a
3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with Z1; Z and Z3, which heterocyclic ring may optionally have fused to it a benzene ring itself unsubstituted or substituted with Zi, Z and Z3;
R7, R8, R9, R10, Rn and R12
( 1 ) are each independently hydrogen or R6 ;
(2) R and R8 may together be alkylene, alkenylene or heteroalkyl, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z1; Z2 and Z3; or (3) any two of R , R10 and Rπ may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Zl5 Z2 and Z3;
R13 is
(1) cyano;
(2) nitro;
(3) -NH2;
(4) -NHOalkyk
(5) -OH;
(6) -NHOaryl;
(7) -NHCOOalkyl;
(8) -NHCOOaryl;
(9) -NHSO2alkyl;
(10) -NHSO2aryl;
(11) aryl;
(12) heteroaryl;
(13) -Oalkyl; or
(14) -Oaryl;
Rι4 is
(1) -NO2;
(2) -COOalkyl; or
(3) -COOaryl;
R15 is
(1) hydrogen;
(2) alkyl;
(3) aryl;
(4) arylalkyl; or
(5) cycloalkyl; Zi, Z2 and Z3 are each independently (1) hydrogen or Z6, where Z6 is (i) alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, heterocyclo, or heterocycloalkyl; (ii) a group (i) which is itself substituted by one or more of the same or different groups (i); or (iii) a group (i) or (ii) which is substituted by one or more of the following groups (2) to (16) of the definition of Z1? Z2 and Z3;
(2) -OH or -OZ6;
(3) -SH or -SZ6; (4) -C(O)qH, -C(O)qZ6, or -O-C(O)qZ6;
(5) -SO3H, -S(O)qZ6; or S(O)qN(Z9)Z6;
(6) halo;
(7) cyano;
(8) nitro; (9) -Z4-NZ7Z8;
(10) -Z4-N(Z9)-Z5-NZ7Z8;
(11) -Z4-N(Z10)-Z5-Z6;
(12) -Z4-N(Z10)-Z5-H;
(13) oxo; (14) -O-C(O)-Z6;
(15) any two of Z\, Z2, and Z3 may together be alkylene or alkenylene completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; or
(16) any two of Zls Z2, and Z3 may together be -O-(CH2)r-O- ,where r is 1 to 5, completing a 4- to 8-membered ring together with the atoms to which they are attached; Z4 and Z5 are each independently
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Z„-S(O)q-Z12-; (3) -Z„-C(O)-Z12-;
Figure imgf000232_0001
(5) -Zπ-O-Z12-;
(6) -Zπ-S-Z12-;
(7) -Zn-O-C(O)-Z12-; or
(8) -Z„-C(O)-O-Z12-; Z7, Z8, Z9 and Z10
( 1 ) are each independently hydrogen or Z6 ;
(2) Z7 and Z8, or Z6 and Z10, may together be alkylene or alkenylene, completing a 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z1; Z2 and Z3; or
(3) Z7 or Z8, together with Z9, may be alkylene or alkenylene completing a
3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated ring together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with Z1? Z2 and Z3; ZH and Z12 are each independently (1) a single bond;
(2) alkylene;
(3) alkenylene; or
(4) alkynylene; and
Z13 is
(1) a single bond;
(2) -Z„-S(O)q-Z12-;
Figure imgf000233_0001
(4) -Zπ-C(S)-Z12-;
(5) -Zπ-O-Z12-;
(6) -Zπ-S-Z12~;
(7) -Zπ-O-C(O)-Z12-;
(8) -Zn-C(O)-O-Z12-;
(9) -C(NR13)-;
(10) -C(CHR14)-; or
(11) -C(C(R14)2)- provided said compound is other than a compound of formula (vii)
Figure imgf000234_0001
where R3e is pyridyl or pryimidinyl optionally substituted with halogen or alkyl; R50 and R51 are each independently hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; R52 and R53 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl; R54 and R56 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, nitro or amino; R55 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, or alkoxycarbonyl; and n is zero or 1.
12. A compound of claim 11 wherein R} is hydrogen, halo, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl.
13. A compound of claim 12 wherein Ri is hydrogen.
14. A compound of claim 12 wherein R2 is hydrogen.
15. A compound of claim 12 wherein Rt is hydrogen.
16. A compound of claim 12 wherein R5 is an aryl group which is substituted with i, Z2 and one or more groups Z3.
17. A compound of claim 12 wherein Ri is hydrogen or alkyl, R2 and are independently hydrogen or alkyl, and R5 is aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted with Zi, Z2 and one or more groups Z3.
18. A compound of claim 17 wherein R5 is aryl which is unsubstituted or independently substituted with one or more alkyl or halo.
19. A compound of claim 18 wherein R3 is heteroaryl substituted optionally substituted with Z and Z2 and substituted with at least one group Z3 where Z3 is Z6.
20. A compound of claim 19 wherein Z6 is heterocyclo optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyalkyl.
PCT/US2004/008827 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors WO2004085388A2 (en)

Priority Applications (21)

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UAA200509996A UA87456C2 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
PL04758053.5T PL1610780T5 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
SI200431447T SI1610780T2 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
AU2004223828A AU2004223828B2 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
AT04758053T ATE464898T1 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 CYCLIC PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS
MXPA05010145A MXPA05010145A (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
DE602004026703T DE602004026703D1 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 CYCLICAL PROTEIN SYROSINE KINASE HEMMER
EP04758053.5A EP1610780B2 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
CA2519898A CA2519898C (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Oral administration of cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
ES04758053T ES2342937T5 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
BRPI0408782-8A BRPI0408782A (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
DK04758053.5T DK1610780T4 (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 CYCLIC PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS
JP2006507475A JP2006523216A (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
YU20050698A RS52291B (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
NZ542171A NZ542171A (en) 2003-03-24 2004-03-23 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
IL170873A IL170873A (en) 2003-03-24 2005-09-14 Pharmaceutical compositions containing thiazole derivatives
NO20054359A NO336065B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2005-09-20 Cyclic compound for oral treatment of cancer where the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
HRP20050826AA HRP20050826B8 (en) 2003-03-24 2005-09-20 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
IS8038A IS8038A (en) 2003-03-24 2005-09-21 Cyclic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
KR1020057017907A KR101070101B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2005-09-23 Cyclic Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
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