WO2004078969A1 - コンドロイチン重合化因子の同定と、その利用 - Google Patents
コンドロイチン重合化因子の同定と、その利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004078969A1 WO2004078969A1 PCT/JP2004/002893 JP2004002893W WO2004078969A1 WO 2004078969 A1 WO2004078969 A1 WO 2004078969A1 JP 2004002893 W JP2004002893 W JP 2004002893W WO 2004078969 A1 WO2004078969 A1 WO 2004078969A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chondroitin
- protein
- amino acid
- acid sequence
- chpf
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6887—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids from muscle, cartilage or connective tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the identification of a polymerization factor (polymerization promoting factor) that promotes the polymerization reaction of chondroitin chains by chondroitin synthase, a method for synthesizing chondroitin sugar chains using the same, and the like.
- a polymerization factor polymerization promoting factor
- Chondroitin sulfate is a type of sulfated glycosaminodalican that is widely distributed on the cell surface and extracellular matritus.Cell-cell interaction, cell recognition mechanism in immunity, lymphocyte specific homing phenomenon, cancer cell adhesion It is considered to be involved in a wide variety of biological phenomena such as metastasis and metastasis, and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, etc. due to its various physiological functions. Recent studies have revealed that chondroitin sulfate, like heparan sulfate, plays an important role in the formation of brain neural networks in vertebrates and the like.
- Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis begins with the transfer of xylose (Xyl) to specific serine (Ser) residues in the core protein, followed by two galactoses (Gal) and glucuronic acid (GlcA). Transfer is performed at the saccharide unit, and the tetrasaccharide-binding domain (GlcAfil-3Gami-3GalBl-4XyUJl-0 "Ser) is synthesized. Alternating and repetitive transfer causes a polymerization reaction of chondroitin chains to form a disaccharide repeating region of chondroitin sulfate, and the sulfotransferase sulphates the constituent sugars to chondroitin sulfate.
- chondroitin sulfate include natural products such as whale cartilage.
- the method of preparation was known.
- the amount of chondroitin sulfate that can be prepared from whale cartilage and the like is limited.
- whale whaling has been restricted from the viewpoint of animal welfare, making it difficult to procure whales.
- ChSy expressed as a recombinant protein in vitro showed activity to transfer GalNAc and GlcA, respectively, but failed to polymerize chondroitin chains on ⁇ - ⁇ .
- the polymerization reaction of the chondroitin chain detected in the culture supernatant of the G361 cells described above could not be reproduced. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have found that in collaboration with ChSy, the chondroitin chain can be polymerized. We anticipated that there might be an unidentified protein factor that is essential for this, and we searched for the same molecule.
- An object of the present invention is to identify a novel molecule involved in the polymerization of a chondroitin chain, and to provide a method for synthesizing a chondroitin sugar chain using the molecule, a method for producing chondroitin sulfate, and the like.
- glycosyltransferases involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Since all of them show high homology with ChSy, we thought that factors involved in the polymerization of chondroitin chains might also show homology with ChSy, and searched the database based on the amino acid sequence of ChSy. As a result of an analysis based on the obtained data, the existence of a novel human gene consisting of 775 amino acids and having 23% homology with human ChSy at the amino acid level was identified.
- the present invention includes the following inventions A) to P) as industrially useful methods.
- a recombinant expression vector comprising the polynucleotide according to A) or B).
- Use plasmid, phage, cosmid, etc. to construct a recombinant expression vector But is not particularly limited.
- a transformant into which the polynucleotide according to A) or B) has been introduced means that the polynucleotide (gene) is introduced into the target cell (host cell) so that it can be expressed by a known genetic engineering technique (gene manipulation technique).
- a known genetic engineering technique gene manipulation technique.
- transformant means not only cells and tissues, but also animals (transgenic animals such as nematodes, Drosophila melanogaster, mice, rats, puppies, stags, and monkeys). It is a meaning that includes.
- a protein comprising any one of the following amino acid sequences (a) to (d):
- the antibody can be obtained as a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody by a known method using the full length of the protein or its partial peptide as an antigen.
- Ii A method for determining the presence or absence of a genetic disease by detecting a mutation in a gene encoding a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- this protein is a human-derived chondroitin polymerization factor (ChPF) that plays an important role in the polymerization of chondroitin chains in cooperation with ChSy, and its mutation causes abnormalities in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. May be the cause of the disease.
- ChPF human-derived chondroitin polymerization factor
- Such diseases it is possible to determine the presence of those gene disease by detecting the mutation on CiLPi 7 gene.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure and sequence of the human chondroitin polymerization factor (ChPF) according to the present invention. It is a figure shown in comparison with. In the figure, the box indicates the transmembrane domain, and the estimated JV-glycosylation site of ChPF Is indicated by ⁇ .
- ChPF human chondroitin polymerization factor
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the genomic structure of the above-mentioned human chondroitin polymerization factor (ChPF) in comparison with chondroitin / dalc oxalate transferase (Chondroitin GlcAT).
- ChoPF human chondroitin polymerization factor
- Chodroitin GlcAT chondroitin / dalc oxalate transferase
- boxes indicate exons
- pars indicate introns
- white boxes indicate untranslated regions
- black boxes indicate translated regions.
- ATG indicates a start codon and TGA 'TAG indicates a stop codon.
- FIG. 3 A and B in Fig. 3 show the results of an experiment in which the size of the chondroitin chain obtained was compared by conducting a polymerization reaction using the oligosaccharides in the binding region, the artificial substrate, and ⁇ -topoamphomodulin (CK- ⁇ ) as receptor substrates.
- FIG. 1 A and B in Fig. 3 show the results of an experiment in which the size of the chondroitin chain obtained was compared by conducting a polymerization reaction using the oligosaccharides in the binding region, the artificial substrate, and ⁇ -topoamphomodulin (CK- ⁇ ) as receptor substrates.
- 4A to 4C are graphs showing the results of experiments in which a polymerization reaction was performed using (GlcABl-3GalNAc) 3 ⁇ chondroitin polymer as an acceptor substrate, and the size of the obtained chondroitin chain was compared and examined.
- ⁇ B in FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of analysis of hexasaccharide in the sugar-protein binding region derived from the chondroitin sugar chain synthesized on ⁇ - ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of an interaction analysis between ChPF and ChSy using the pull-down method.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of Northern plot analysis of 3 ⁇ 4FF and (3 ⁇ 4Sy. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the present invention in conjunction with chondroitin synthase (ChSy), identifies a polymerization factor that promotes the polymerization of chondroitin chains and a gene encoding the same, and analyzes its functions in detail.
- the present invention proposes a method for synthesizing a chondroitin chain using the method. Therefore, in the following, the sequence and structure of the chondroitin polymerization factor and its gene (polynucleotide) will be described, and then its function, usage, and the like will be described.
- this novel protein did not have the DXD motif, which is a binding motif of the sugar donor UDP-sugar. This suggested that this gene product was involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate but did not retain glycosyltransferase activity. From the results of functional analysis, it was found that this gene product was not a glycosyltransferase but a factor that polymerizes chondroitin in cooperation with ChSy. ehondroitin polvmerising factor (ChPF)).
- ChPF ehondroitin polvmerising factor
- SEQ ID NO: 1 in the sequence listing shows the cDNA sequence of the human CPFF gene
- SEQ ID NO: 2 shows the amino acid sequence of human ChPF encoded by the gene
- SEQ ID NO: 4 shows the amino acid sequence of a soluble ChPF recombinant protein obtained by recombining 62 amino acids from the N-terminal side including the putative transmembrane domain of C3 ⁇ 4PF with other sequences
- No. 3 shows the cDNA sequence.
- functional analysis of ChPF was performed by expressing this soluble ChPF.
- CjhPF was spread over about 5 kb on chromosome 2 and the gene in the translation region was composed of four exons. This genomic structure was similar to the Cl miiroitiii GJcAT gene.
- the protein according to the present invention comprises (a) a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, (b) a soluble protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, and (c) the sequence No. 2 or 4 (D) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence containing an amino acid sequence (for example, a fusion protein); (d) one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence of any of (a) to (c) above,
- the protein may be any one of a protein comprising an import and a Z or an added amino acid sequence (functioning as a chondroitin polymerization factor).
- it may be a chondroitin polymerization factor derived not only from human but also from other organisms.
- substitution, deletion, insertion, and / or addition of one or several amino acids refers to substitution, deletion, insertion, and Z or It means that as many amino acids as can be added are substituted, deleted, inserted, and / or added.
- the protein (d) is, in other words, the mutant protein of (a) to (c), and the “mutation” referred to herein is mainly introduced artificially by a known method for producing a mutant protein. It means a mutation that has been made, but it may be a naturally occurring similar mutant protein isolated and purified.
- the protein according to the present invention may include a known additional sequence such as HA or F1ag at the end thereof, or may be a fusion protein in order to easily purify or detect the protein.
- a known additional sequence such as HA or F1ag at the end thereof
- various known modifications may be applied, or those which form multimers of dimers or more may be used.
- polynucleotide (gene) of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a sequence encoding any of the above-described proteins (a) to (d), and further includes a sequence of an untranslated region (UTR) and the like. It may be.
- the "polynucleotide (gene)" of the present invention includes RNA and DNA.
- RNA includes mRNA and siRNA
- DNA includes cDNA and genomic DNA.
- the DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded, and the single-stranded DNA may be a coding DNA serving as a sense strand or an anti-coding strand serving as an antisense strand.
- the antisense strand can be used as a probe or as an antisense drug.
- gene expression of siRNA as RNAi It can be used for suppression.
- ChPF chondroitin polymerization factor
- ChPF For the polymerization reaction of chondroitin chains using ChPF, it is preferable to use a core protein such as ⁇ - ⁇ as an acceptor substrate. 4) ChSy and ChPF co-expressed as secreted proteins are thought to form a complex and interact with each other. 5) ChPF was expressed in most tissues examined, and its expression pattern was similar to ChSy. This suggests that both are involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate in vivo.
- chondroitin polymerization factor ((PF) and its gene can be used for artificial synthesis of the sugar chain skeleton of physiologically active sulfated glycosaminodalican (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate).
- Chondroitin was previously prepared by chemically desulfating chondroitin sulfate prepared from whale cartilage, etc., but by co-expressing ChSy and ChPF and using this as an enzyme source, in vitro This makes it possible to stably and easily mass-produce chondroitin sugar chains.
- chondroitin polymerization factor ChoPF
- a chondroitin sugar chain on a core protein such as ⁇ - thrombomodulin ( ⁇ - ⁇ ).
- the gene for the chondroitin polymerization factor of the present invention can be used as a research reagent or a test reagent, as well as diseases caused by abnormal chondroitin polymerization factor, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, etc. It can be used for the pathological analysis of diseases related to sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and for the development of therapeutics, treatments, diagnostics, and diagnostics for the diseases.
- the method for obtaining the C3 ⁇ 4LP gene according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and a DNA fragment containing the gene sequence can be isolated and cloned by various methods based on the above-described sequence information and the like. it can.
- a probe that specifically hybridizes with a partial sequence of the cDNA of the above gene may be prepared, and a human genome DNA library and a cDNA library may be screened.
- any probe may be used as long as it is a probe that specifically hybridizes to at least a part of the cDNA sequence of the CILPF gene or its complementary sequence.
- screening may be performed.
- the clones obtained by the above screening can be analyzed in more detail by creating a restriction map and determining its nucleotide sequence (sequencing). By these analyses, it can be easily confirmed whether a DNA fragment containing the gene sequence according to the present invention has been obtained.
- the method for obtaining a gene (polynucleotide) according to the present invention comprises: In addition to the amplification method, there is a method using amplification means such as PCR.
- primers are respectively prepared from the sequences of the untranslated regions on the 5, 5 and 3 sides (or their complementary sequences), and human primers are prepared using these primers.
- a large amount of a DNA fragment containing the polynucleotide of the present invention can be obtained by amplifying the DNA region sandwiched between both primers by performing PCR or the like using DNA (or cDNA) or the like as type III.
- the method for obtaining the above ChPF protein and the like according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the gene obtained as described above cDNA encoding the above ChPF protein or a homologous molecule thereof, etc.
- the recombinant DNA is introduced into a microorganism or animal cell such as Escherichia coli or yeast by a well-known method and expressed as a transformant to express and purify the protein encoded by the cDNA.
- a microorganism or animal cell such as Escherichia coli or yeast by a well-known method
- expressed as a transformant to express and purify the protein encoded by the cDNA.
- the method for producing the mutant protein of the above ChPF protein is not particularly limited.
- one or more bases can be prepared by modifying such that one or more bases are substituted, deleted, inserted, transmitted and / or added.
- a commercially available kit may be used for preparing the mutant protein.
- the ChPF knockout animal of the present invention that is, a non-human animal obtained by modifying all or a part of the ChPF gene sequence in the genome, It can be produced using the gene targeting method.
- the gene targeting method may be performed according to an ordinary method.
- a targeting vector for homologous recombination is constructed.
- Targeting vector it can be made Ri by the known method, generally, CiiPi 1 genomic DNA clone, a commercially available plasmid, marker for positive selection (PGK- neo cassette, etc.), for Oyopine moth Restorative selection It can be prepared by appropriately ligating each fragment such as a marker (DTA gene, ⁇ [3-115: gene, etc.). At this time, it is advisable to design a targeting vector so that the target restriction enzyme cleavage site is located at an appropriate position.
- the homologous region is preferably as long as possible. Furthermore, since the targeting vector is preferably linear rather than circular, an appropriate restriction enzyme cleavage site may be provided at a site other than the homologous region for linearization.
- the gene targeting vector prepared by the above method is introduced into totipotent cells derived from a target animal, such as ES cells, by electroporation or the like, and then cells in which the desired homologous recombination has occurred are selected.
- the screening can be efficiently screened using a drug by a positive-negative selection method.
- the cells in which the desired homologous recombination has occurred are confirmed by Southern Plot II PCR method or the like.
- the totipotent cells for which homologous recombination has been confirmed are introduced into blastocysts (plastocysts) collected from the pregnant uterus.
- the cells can be introduced into the blastocyst by a microinjection method or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the blastocyst is transplanted to a foster mother according to a conventional method.
- a germ-line chimeric animal preferably male
- a wild-type (preferably female) wild-type (preferably female) homozygous for the 3 ⁇ 4PF gene By mating a germ-line chimeric animal (preferably male) born from a foster mother with a wild-type (preferably female) wild-type (preferably female) homozygous for the 3 ⁇ 4PF gene, a homozygous first-generation (F 1)
- F 1 One ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4PF gene on the chromosome can be obtained by homologous recombination to obtain a disrupted heterozygote. Wear.
- homozygotes in which both C3 ⁇ 4PF genes on homologous chromosomes are disrupted can be obtained as the second generation (F 2).
- a part of the body (for example, the tail) may be cut, DNA may be extracted, and the genotype may be determined by Southern blot II PCR.
- F 2 a wild-type animal (having a wild-type gene homozygously) with a GW ⁇ knockout animal can be obtained, and this wild-type animal is suitably used for control experiments. be able to.
- the target animals of the ChPF knockact animal are not particularly limited, but examples include mammals such as porcupines, pigs, higgins, goats, puppies, dogs, cats, monulemots, hamsters, mice, and rats. Is done. Of these, for use as laboratory animals, preference is given to egrets, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice and rats, of which rodents are more preferred, and many inbred strains have been produced. Mice equipped with techniques such as egg culture and in vitro fertilization are particularly preferred.
- the totipotent cells include fertilized eggs and early embryos, as well as cultured cells such as ES cells and somatic stem cells having multipotency.
- ChPF knockout animal of the present invention is useful for functional analysis of ChPF and the like.
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the detailed experimental method in each example will be described together in the last section.
- a BLAST search using the amino acid sequence of human ChSy revealed that a novel gene homologous to ChSy was present.
- This gene was composed of a 236 bp 5, untranslated region, a 2325 bp translated region encoding 775 amino acids ( Figure 1 and SEQ ID NOS: 1 and 2), and an approximately 500 bp 3 'untranslated region. .
- the translation start area and The expected sequence followed the Kozak consensus sequence.
- the protein translated from this gene is located on the N-terminal side by Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy analysis.
- Golgi-localized glycosyltransferase with a single transmembrane domain consisting of 23 amino acids has been identified as a type II membrane protein. site. This gene showed 23% homology with ChSy at the amino acid sequence level and 57% homology with human Chondroitiii GlcA (Fig.
- Gaenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster were also found to have orthologs of the above ChPF, with 27 and 25% homology, respectively.
- ChPF 62 amino acids from the N-terminus including the transmembrane domain of ChPF are recombined with the sequences of the extracellular secretion signals insulin leader and the IgG-binding domain of protein A.
- the secreted protein fused with protein A was expressed in COS-1 cells.
- Chn is used as a sugar receptor substrate for UDP-GalNAc or UDP-GlcA.
- the sugar transfer activity was measured using as a sugar donor, but almost no sugar transfer activity could be detected (Table 1 below).
- ChPF is not a glycosyltransferase but a polymerization factor, and co-expressed ChSy, which has glycosyltransferase activity to synthesize the disaccharide repeating region of the Chn chain, in the same cell as ChPF.
- ChPF was co-expressed with ChSy as the enzyme source, the GalNAcT-II and GlcAT-II activities were increased 20 times or more as compared with the case of using ChSy alone (Table 1).
- no increase in glycosyltransferase activity was observed in a mixture of recombinant proteins expressing ChSy and ChPF independently. This suggested that ChSy and ChPF form a complex in cells.
- the complex was not formed when expressed alone, and that the complex was formed by co-expressing ChSy and ChPF in the same cell.
- Chn polymer was used as a sugar acceptor substrate.
- ChSy expressed as a recombinant protein was GalNAc and GlcA Despite retaining both GalNAcT_II and GlcAT-II activities that transfer each of them with a monosaccharide, they did not retain the activity of polymerizing Clm chains on ⁇ -TM. Thus, the increased glycosyltransfer activity was observed in the co-expressed ChPF and ChSy, indicating that the co-expressed ChPF and ChSy may retain the activity to polymerize the Chn chain.
- GalNAcT_II and GlcAT-II activities that transfer each of them with a monosaccharide
- the reaction product isolated in B was digested with GSaseACII, separated by gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex Peptide column, and measured with a liquid scintillation counter. Chromatogram after CSase digestion of the reaction product when the enzyme was used as the enzyme source ( ⁇ ) and after CSase digestion of the reaction product when the ChSy-expressed product was used as the enzyme source ( ⁇ ) Arrows indicate the elution positions of disaccharide sugar GalNAc derived from Chn.
- the radiolabeled fraction containing the binding region (Fr. 1 in Graph A) was collected and analyzed by HPLG using an anion exchange column. The chromatograms of Fr. 1 before ( ⁇ ) and after (Fr) digestion with chondro-glycuronidase are shown. The radioactivity of the eluate was measured. The arrows indicate the elution positions of the pentasaccharide and hexasaccharide bound to the binding region labeled with 2-AB. Wavy line indicates a concentration gradient of NaH 2 P0 4.
- the radiolabeled sugar chain was digested with CSaseABC to obtain Fr. 1 containing the binding region and Fr. 2 containing the disaccharide. Since the ratio of the radioactivity of Fr. 1 and Fr. 2 was 1:47, the synthesized Clm chains were expected to consist of an average of about one hundred sugars.
- Fig. 6 First, ChPF and ChSy were expressed alone and in the same cell as secretory fusion proteins with 6XHis or protein A, and a pull-down assay using Ni-NTA agarose was performed. Then, separated by SDS-PAGE, the fusion protein with protein A was detected by western Blotting with I g G antibodies.
- Lane 1 a pan of about 110 kDa, which is expected to be the size of protein A-ChPF, was detected. Lane detected a pan of about 120 kDa, which is expected to be the size of protein A-ChSy.
- the samples in each lane are as follows. Lane 1: protein A-ChPF / His-ChSy, lane 2: His-ChSy ⁇ lane 3: protein AC Sy + His-ChPF (single A mixture of independently expressed proteins), lane 4: protein A-ChSy / His-ChPF, lane 5: His-ChPF.
- Lane 1 brain; lane 2, heart; lane 3, skeletal muscle; lane% colon; lane 5, thymus; lane 6, spleen; lane 7, kidney; lane 8, liver; lane 9, small intestine; lane 10, placenta lane 11, lung; lane 12, peripheral Mood leulioeytes.
- the size of the mRNA was about 3.4 kb, and expression was observed in all the tissues examined except for peripheral leukocytes. This was consistent with the finding that chondroitin sulfate was expressed in almost all tissues. The level of expression varies depending on the tissue, with the strongest expression in the placenta and heart, followed by strong expression in the brain, skeletal muscle, and kidney and liver. Furthermore, 3 ⁇ 4PF was very similar to 3 ⁇ 4Sy mRNA expression pattern. This indicates that both are involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate.
- the soluble recombinant An expression plasmid for expressing ChPF as a protein was prepared.
- the sequence excluding the first 62 amino acids predicted to be a transmembrane domain from the N-terminal side of CM ⁇ was amplified by PCR.
- 5'-Primer has 5, terminal containing BamHI site (underlined) 5, -CGGGATCCAACTCGGTGCAGC-3, 3, -primer has 5, terminal BamHI site (underlined) 5, -CGOe ⁇ GCTCTGGTTTTGGGGGAGAAG-3 , Was used.
- PCR used KOD DNA polymerase and 50 ng of cDNA library derived from human malignant melanoma cell line G361 (ATCC CRL-1424) as type II.
- the reaction is in 5% DMSO exist under 94 0 C, 30 sec; 55 . C, 30 sec; 68. C, 32 cycles of 180 sec were performed.
- the amplified fragment was digested with BamHI and inserted into pEF-BOS / IP vector to obtain an expression plasmid (pEF-B0S / IP-ChPP) o
- the above expression plasmid pEF-BOS / IP-ChPF 6.0 was transfected into African green monkey kidney-derived COS-1 cells using FuGENE TM 6 transfection reagen.
- both plasmids were introduced into COS-1 cells using FuGENE TM 6 transfection reagent in the same manner as for pEF-BOS / IP-ChPF and 3.0 for pEF-BOS / IP-ChSy.
- After Transfeetioii 3 * 7 for 2 days in DMEM / 10% FBS medium. After incubation under conditions of C / 5% G0 2, the culture supernatant and IgG-Sepharose 4.
- the mixture was mixed with C for 1 hour to bind the fusion protein with protein A. Thereafter, the mixture was centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 2 minutes to remove the supernatant, and the precipitated resin was washed with 0.15 M NaCl / 0.02% Tween-20 / 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5). This was repeated three times, and the purified fusion protein / IgG-Sepharose was used as an enzyme source.
- the purified product after the polymerization reaction of ⁇ - ⁇ was isolated by removing the free isotope using a syringe column.
- the sugar chain labeled with [ 3 H] GaINAc on ⁇ - ⁇ was excised from the core protein by alkali treatment using 0.5 M LiOH, and a quarter was subjected to gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 75 column to fractionate. The radioactivity of the fractions was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. Alkali treated The remaining three quarters were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminobeiizainide (AB). The obtained fluorescently labeled sugar chain was completely digested with 50 mlU of CSaseABC for 1 hour.
- the digested product of the CSaseABC was subjected to gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex Peptide column to collect fractions that were considered to be the binding region hexasaccharide labeled with 2-AB. 03) was analyzed by HPLC. In addition, digestion with chondro-glycuronidase was performed and analyzed by HPLC. The reaction product was identified by co-chromatography with a 2-AB labeled binding area hexasaccharide standard and a binding area pentasaccharide standard.
- the product after the polymerization reaction was isolated by removing the free isotope using a syringe column. Thereafter, the purified product was directly analyzed by gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 200 column. In addition, the isolated purified product was digested with CSaseACII, separated by gel filtration using a Superdex Peptide column after digestion, and the radioactivity of the fractionated fraction was measured using a liquid scintillation force counter. It was measured.
- ChPF 5'-Primer is 5, contains EcoKi site (underlined) at the end 5, -CGGAATTCAA PCR was performed using CTCGGTGCAGCCCGGAGC-3 ', 3, -primer was 5, and 5, -CGQO ⁇ m ⁇ GCTCTGGTTTTGGGGGAGAAG-3, which contained a _BamHI site (underlined) at the end, under the same conditions as in the above method (1).
- the amplified fragment was digested with EcoM and BairiHI, integrated into the pcDNA3 (Ins. Leader + 6 XHis) vector and used as an expression plasmid ⁇ pcDNA3 (Ins. Leader + 6 XHis) -ChPF ⁇ 0
- ChSy 5 -Primer has 5, terminal containing Xbal site (underlined) 5, -GCTCTAGAGGC TGCCGGTCCGGGCAG-3 ', 3, -primer has 5, terminal has Xbal site (underlined) 5, -GCie ⁇
- S4CAATCTTAAAGGAGTCCTATGTA-3 ' PCR was performed under the same conditions as in the above method (1).
- the amplified fragment was digested with XbaL, integrated into pcDNA3 (Ins. Leader + 6 XHis) and used as an expression plasmid ⁇ pcDNA3 (Ins. Leader + 6 X His) -ChSy ⁇ .
- HRP horseradish peroxidase
- the membrane was used for human 12-Lane MTN TM blot, and the probe was amplified by the PCR method using CliPF-incorporated plasmid as type I, and the amplified fragment was digested with BgRl to obtain a C840-specific 840 bp. The purified fragment was used.
- 5'-primer is 5'-CGGGATC CACTCCTCTGGCTGCTCTGG-3 '
- 3'-primer is 5'-CGGGATCCGCTCTGGTT
- Contaminants were removed by centrifuging the sample after the enzyme reaction, and applied to a column which had been equilibrated with 0.2 M NH4HCO3 in advance. Gel filtration chromatography was performed at a flow rate of 0.4 ml / min, and the radioactivity of each 0.4 ml fraction was measured with a liquid scintillation counter.
- ChPF chondroitin sulfates
- the molecular weight of the enzymatic activity partially purified from the culture supernatant of G361 cells was 160 kDa, and the molecular weight of the secreted proteins of ChPF and ChSy, which were clawed this time, was about 80 kDa, both of which were 1: 1. It is suggested that a complex is formed.
- ChSy showed low glycosyltransferase activity on Chn polymers and Chn-derived oligosaccharides (Table 1). However, soluble ChSy and ChPF W 200
- ChPF was expressed in almost all tissues examined except for peripheral leukocytes. ChPF was very similar to the expression pattern of ChSy mRNA, strongly suggesting that both are involved in CS biosynthesis in cooperation (Fig. 7).
- the chondroitin-polymerizing factor (ChPF) of the present invention forms a complex with chondroitin synthase (CiiSy) and has an action of promoting the polymerization of chondroitin sugar chains. It can be used for artificial synthesis of sugar chain skeleton of sulfated glycosaminodalican having useful physiological activities such as sulfuric acid and dermatan sulfate, and has various usefulness.
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(SUPERVISED BY) IMAHORI KAZUTOMO ET AL., SEIKAGAKU JITEN (3RD EDITION), 20 November 1998 (1998-11-20), TOKYO KAGAKU DOJIN, pages 556 - 557, 941, XP002979680 * |
NAKAMURA Y. ET AL.: "Identification of a drosophilia gene encoding xylosylprotein beta4-galactosyltransferase that is essential for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and for morphogenesis", THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 277, no. 48, 29 November 2002 (2002-11-29), pages 46280 - 46288, XP002903671 * |
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