WO2004069965A1 - Novel use of phosphor-nitrogen-metal complex - Google Patents

Novel use of phosphor-nitrogen-metal complex Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004069965A1
WO2004069965A1 PCT/HU2004/000001 HU2004000001W WO2004069965A1 WO 2004069965 A1 WO2004069965 A1 WO 2004069965A1 HU 2004000001 W HU2004000001 W HU 2004000001W WO 2004069965 A1 WO2004069965 A1 WO 2004069965A1
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Prior art keywords
combustion zones
application according
combustion
nitrogen
phosphorus
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PCT/HU2004/000001
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French (fr)
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WO2004069965A8 (en
Inventor
Péter Cserta
Timothy R. Mccully
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Cserta Peter
Mccully Timothy R
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Priority to JP2006502342A priority Critical patent/JP2006516301A/en
Priority to EP04701638A priority patent/EP1594942A1/en
Publication of WO2004069965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004069965A1/en
Publication of WO2004069965A8 publication Critical patent/WO2004069965A8/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new applications of the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption.
  • the present invention relates to the formation of alkali metal- phosphorus-nitrogen complex surfaces with complexing chemicals introduced into the fuels, for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption.
  • the reduced emission, accompanied by fuel saving, is partly due to the newly formed surface, and to the result of catalytic processes.
  • Iron-phosphate surfaces were used in Great-Britain even in
  • 5,540,788 describes a procedure, in which an inorganic polimer complexing substance is added to the lubricating oil, this way creating an alkali-iron-phosphate surface on the inner surfaces of the combustion zone of the engines, and this results in the improvement of the efficiency of the engine, and the reduction of friction. But the procedure didn't provide solution for other highly used equipments, without direct lubricating in the combustion zone, like for example for the gas turbines, in which the surface of the combustion zone is exposed to extreme thermal and corrosive effects.
  • the burner is suitable for the use of vanadium containing additives, because the vanadium-pentoxide, reacting with the magnesium ions in the introduced aqueous solution, inhibits their corrosive deposition.
  • vanadium containing additives because the vanadium-pentoxide, reacting with the magnesium ions in the introduced aqueous solution, inhibits their corrosive deposition.
  • iron-phosphate surfaces are the most widely used surfaces in the industry. Due to their numerous advantages they are excellently suitable for example for the application in the vehicle industry, for example for the priming of the car-body. Moreover these surfaces provide excellent corrosion protection for the different, iron containing structural components.
  • the friction-coefficient of the iron- phosphate surface is significantly lower than that of the steel, and provides dry lubrication on the moving-gliding steel surfaces. Moreover the surface has many characteristics, which improve the efficiency of the oil lubrication.
  • organic phosphate compounds are widely used, for example in the lubricating oil. It is known, that certain organic phosphates slowly burn into the gears and into another moving components, and provide excellent protection for the metals. But at the same time the burning shows random distribution, which reduces the application possibilities in the different machines.
  • the present invention provides method for the formation of alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex surfaces in the combustion zone of gas turbines and similar equipments, in such a way that the surface builder substance is introduced into the combustion zone by mixing into the fuel and/ or into the air necessary for combustion.
  • the surface builder substance can also be mixed with gasoline or diesel oil, and must be injected into natural gas.
  • the surface builder substance and the gas can never be in the same state of condition - the natural gas is characteristically in gas state, while the surface builder substance is liquid. According to this, typically the surface builder substances must be injected into the natural gas used as fuel, because they form surface, and reduce the formation of deleterious element, and the total oxidation of the C-containing compound, and at the same time inhibit the formation of thermic nitrogen oxides. This results in the reduced emission and the higher performance per unit fuel.
  • Solution 2 is added in portions to solution 1 while mixing, until the pH of the solution is 7,0.
  • the resulting water soluble solution contains the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complex.
  • This water soluble, neutralized complex is added to a "poly-oil".
  • the "poly-oil” is any one of a member of poly-glycol or poly-glycol-amine oils, which has a water solubility of at least ten percent, and has a solubility at least ten percent in the liquid hydrocarbon used for the introduction into the combustion zone. All the precipitated materials are filtered off the solution containing the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complex, and is mixed into the chosen "poly-oil".
  • one part of the complex is mixed into 9-25 part "poly- 5 oil".
  • the mixture is continuously stirred, and heated just under the boiling point of 100 °C.
  • the mixture is kept at this temperature, and stirred to drive out the water. Once the water is "cooked off, the remaining mixture will turn to a clear amber color very quickly. Then the heat is removed, and the o solution is allowed to cool.
  • the color of the solution is normally determined by the used "poly-oil".
  • concentration is computed for the amount required.
  • concentration in diesel fuel is about 20 parts of phosphorus- 5 nitrogen-metal complex per billion parts of fuel.
  • concentration of the surface builder substance must be 500 per one million.
  • Characterization of the formed surface is as follows: 0l . Improved heat transfer properties for turbine blades, that make the turbine system perform closer to adiabatic conditions; 2. Improved wear properties for all combustion zone of the engine. 5 There are other benefits that can be associated with the
  • the present invention relates to the use of the complex foming additive in the industrial turbines and jet engines.
  • One characteristic of the surface builder substance is its ease of use in a variety of common hydrocarbon fuels.
  • the surface builder can be formulated to be directly mixed with either gasoline, diesel fuel or aviation diesel (JP-4 and others) and in natural gas.
  • the fuel gas pressure ranges from 4 to 10 atmospheres, and the surface builder is injected into the gas stream ranging in pressure from 20 to 500 atmospheres. By injecting the surface builder in this manner, the surface builder enters the gas stream in colloid state.
  • FIG. 1 shows an uncoated metal surface
  • Figure 2 and Figure 3 show a surface "under construction”.
  • the clusters of the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complexes can be noticed.
  • Figure 2 and Figure 3 the clusters of the alkali-phosphorus- nitrogen complexes have reacted with the surface of the combustion zone, to form the new alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen- metal complex surface.
  • the thickness of the new surface is measured in microne, but as it can be seen on Figure 2 and Figure 3, this alkali- phosphorus-nitogen-metal complex is sufficient to present a different surface composition with the fuel air mixture in the combustion zone.
  • the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal surface catalyzes the fuel-air reaction, reducing the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and the CO, reduces the secondary reactions, producing nitrogen oxides. After formation of the new surface the nitrogen and the oxigen can not react directly with the metal surface, and the main source of the nitrogen- oxides ceases to exist. (Because the Ni and Cr containing metals catalyze the formation of NO x ).
  • the emission reducing and fuel saving effects of the surface builder realizes to a greater extent.
  • the complex forming additive can also be used in explosion engines. Certain complexes can be added to the fuel- system of the explosion engines or continuous combustion engines, which form a thin, new layer on the wall of the combustion zone and on the surfaces exposed to the combustion gas.
  • This thin layer has beneficial effects for the operation characteristics of the engine, as a result of which the emission of carbon-monoxide (CO), the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), the nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and the fuel consumption of the vehicle decreases. These beneficial characteristics can be attributed to the better and more complete combustion of the fuels, what is caused by the interaction between the fuel and the thin layer (The carbon deposit disappeared from the exhaust pipe of the experimental vehicles).
  • the surface builder may be used with both diesel and gasoline engines, by simply adding the surface builder to the fuel system. The composition of the surface builder has been changed from the original water soluble form to oil soluble form, and as a result of this change the surface builder became soluble in gasoline and in diesel oil, and in any other hydrocarbon based fuel.
  • the first step is a "clean-up" phase, when the carbon buildup, particularly carbon deposits in diesel engines are cleaned from the internal working surface, due to the increased reactivity of the surface builder and diesel fuel.
  • This "cleanup phase” takes place at any time duration within hours up to two weeks.
  • the second step is where the vehicle driver experiences a "sudden" increase in performance. This can be experienced as in sudden engine surge or an increased performance, quieter engine and decreased fuel consumption. This is the joint effect of the complex surface formed and the catalyzed combustion.
  • the third and final step when the emission and the fuel consumption is reduced.
  • the surface builder described above is only one of the thousand complexes, capable of changing the surface of the combustion zones.
  • the surface builder can be any molecule group, which is characterized by joining a metal ion and an alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen bond.
  • the present invention not only makes easier the use of the earlier described surface builders, but also by making possible their use in combustion equipments results in the decrease of emission to such an extent, which can initiate changes in the environmental protection up to now unthinkable.
  • combustion equipments can be for example the gas firing heat treating furnaces, coal heating boilers and refuse burners.
  • the surface builder is introduced into the combustion zone by mixing/ vaporizing into the fuel and/ or into the air necessary for combustion.
  • the surface builder has corrosion reduction effects in each metal containing combustion zones. By catalyzing combustion, it reduces fuel consumption, and as a consequence of the more complete combustion, the emission also decreases.
  • the additive according to the present invention is injected into the gas firing tube of a natural gas powered 10 MW General Electric gas turbine, before introducing it into the combustion zone.
  • Digitally controlled injector is used for compounding, which keeps the fuel gas/ surface builder ratio constant during the 6 hour ' s measurement, i.e. 30-60 ml additive is vaporized into 100 Nm 3 natural gas.
  • the emission of the gas turbine is constantly registered.
  • the level of the unburned hydrocarbon drops under 0, 1 ppm from the starting 25-35 ppm value.
  • the amount of carbon-monoxide drops under the measuring range of the instrument from the starting 0,01% value.
  • the amount of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) drops under 2 ppm from the starting 80-90 ppm value.
  • Example 1 With the gas turbine used in Example 1. the experiment is repeated for 72 hours, in such a way that the complex is dissolved in diesel fuel, which is more difficult to vaporize. This way additive of bigger particle size enters the combustion zone, which reduces its efficiency, because of the higher viscosity and the weaker vapour-liquid ratio. Despite this the turbine met the more rigorous emission requirements during the measuring.
  • a carbon steel piece is heated with gas flame, under standard conditions, at 1100-1300 °C, for 6 hours, with and without additive.
  • the addition of the complex compound in the gas in 1/ 1280 ratio results differences visible with the unaided eye both in scale formation and in corrosion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to new applications of the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption. In particular, the present invention relates to the formation of alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex surfaces with complexing chemicals introduced into the fuels, for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption. The reduced emission, accompanied by fuel saving, is partly due to the newly formed surface, partly is the result of catalytic processes.

Description

Novel use of phosphor-nitrogen-metal complex
The present invention relates to new applications of the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption. In particular, the present invention relates to the formation of alkali metal- phosphorus-nitrogen complex surfaces with complexing chemicals introduced into the fuels, for reducing emission and decreasing fuel consumption. The reduced emission, accompanied by fuel saving, is partly due to the newly formed surface, and to the result of catalytic processes.
Iron-phosphate surfaces were used in Great-Britain even in
1869; this solution was patent protected. This was followed by many developments, improving the original procedure. Due to these improvements not only surfaces of better quality were available, but these made possible the effectuation of better surface-cleaning procedures, or the addition of different metal ions, i.e. zinc, manganese, nickel, which resulted in the formation of an iron-phosphate coating, combined with a divalent metal ion, that is zinc-phosphate or manganese- phosphate coating formed. US Patent No. 5,540,788 describes a procedure, in which an inorganic polimer complexing substance is added to the lubricating oil, this way creating an alkali-iron-phosphate surface on the inner surfaces of the combustion zone of the engines, and this results in the improvement of the efficiency of the engine, and the reduction of friction. But the procedure didn't provide solution for other highly used equipments, without direct lubricating in the combustion zone, like for example for the gas turbines, in which the surface of the combustion zone is exposed to extreme thermal and corrosive effects.
According to the description of the US Patent No. 6,458,473 the components exposed to high thermal and mechanical loads in the turbine are coated with a heat insulating ceramic layer, which is fixed with a metal bond on the surface of the equipment This way the hot components are protected with a 25-150 μm layer from the thermal load, from the erosion of the contamination in the intake air and in the combusted gas. But the application of the invention is very expensive, because the coating of the surface must be regularly renewed, and the inaction needed for this causes serious problems for those turbines, which are operated periodically and/ or are overloaded. The WO 89/08803 international publication describes a burner, which can be used in gas turbines, and the fuel gas gets into the combustion zone with an additive agent. The burner is suitable for the use of vanadium containing additives, because the vanadium-pentoxide, reacting with the magnesium ions in the introduced aqueous solution, inhibits their corrosive deposition. Although in case of proper mixing the formation of the compound (3 MgO.V^Os) can even be complete, but this solution does not give protection on the surface of the hot components of the gas turbine, or it doesn't have advantageous effects in another gas-firing equipments, for example in a heat-treating furnace.
It can be known from the US Patent No. 6,328,911, that an additive containing W, Ta and Nb is injected into the fuel gas, which forms compounds with sodium and potassium, and this way inhibits that the sulphates of these alkalis form deposit on the metal surface. The disadvantage of the procedure, that although it significantly reduces the presence of the corrosive, it doesn't protect against oxidation, and it is an expensive method.
By now the iron-phosphate surfaces are the most widely used surfaces in the industry. Due to their numerous advantages they are excellently suitable for example for the application in the vehicle industry, for example for the priming of the car-body. Moreover these surfaces provide excellent corrosion protection for the different, iron containing structural components. The friction-coefficient of the iron- phosphate surface is significantly lower than that of the steel, and provides dry lubrication on the moving-gliding steel surfaces. Moreover the surface has many characteristics, which improve the efficiency of the oil lubrication.
Beyond the metal-phosphate compounds the organic phosphate compounds are widely used, for example in the lubricating oil. It is known, that certain organic phosphates slowly burn into the gears and into another moving components, and provide excellent protection for the metals. But at the same time the burning shows random distribution, which reduces the application possibilities in the different machines.
The present invention provides method for the formation of alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex surfaces in the combustion zone of gas turbines and similar equipments, in such a way that the surface builder substance is introduced into the combustion zone by mixing into the fuel and/ or into the air necessary for combustion.
The surface builder substance can also be mixed with gasoline or diesel oil, and must be injected into natural gas.
Due to the differences in the molecular weights the surface builder substance and the gas can never be in the same state of condition - the natural gas is characteristically in gas state, while the surface builder substance is liquid. According to this, typically the surface builder substances must be injected into the natural gas used as fuel, because they form surface, and reduce the formation of deleterious element, and the total oxidation of the C-containing compound, and at the same time inhibit the formation of thermic nitrogen oxides. This results in the reduced emission and the higher performance per unit fuel. The essence of the injection technique is that the surface builder substance is introduced into the gas stream with high pressure - this is essentially a "flash injection" - as a result of which even the surface builder substance gets into colloid fume/fog state, due to the equilibrium characteristics of the liquid vapour. The preparation of the surface builder substance is described in the US Patent No. 5,540,788, which is the antedecent of the present invention.
Hereunder the method of preparation of the concentrates serving the introduction of the complex builder substance, participating in the formation of the surface is described in details:
Table 1 Reagent solutions for the formation of the phosphorus- nitrogen-metal ion complex
Figure imgf000006_0001
Solution 2 is added in portions to solution 1 while mixing, until the pH of the solution is 7,0. The resulting water soluble solution contains the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complex. This water soluble, neutralized complex is added to a "poly-oil". The "poly-oil" is any one of a member of poly-glycol or poly-glycol-amine oils, which has a water solubility of at least ten percent, and has a solubility at least ten percent in the liquid hydrocarbon used for the introduction into the combustion zone. All the precipitated materials are filtered off the solution containing the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complex, and is mixed into the chosen "poly-oil". Depending on the composition of the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complex, one part of the complex is mixed into 9-25 part "poly- 5 oil". The mixture is continuously stirred, and heated just under the boiling point of 100 °C. The mixture is kept at this temperature, and stirred to drive out the water. Once the water is "cooked off, the remaining mixture will turn to a clear amber color very quickly. Then the heat is removed, and the o solution is allowed to cool. The color of the solution is normally determined by the used "poly-oil".
This solution is called "concentrate". A dilution factor is computed for the amount required. As an example the final concentration in diesel fuel is about 20 parts of phosphorus- 5 nitrogen-metal complex per billion parts of fuel. Using a dilution ratio of 1280 to 1, the concentration of the surface builder substance must be 500 per one million.
Characterization of the formed surface is as follows: 0l . Improved heat transfer properties for turbine blades, that make the turbine system perform closer to adiabatic conditions; 2. Improved wear properties for all combustion zone of the engine. 5 There are other benefits that can be associated with the
"thin layer". Other such benefits include a lower coefficient of friction (reduction in positive power losses), reduction of surface corrosion, increased thermodynamic efficiency in turbine blades.
Gas turbine applications The present invention relates to the use of the complex foming additive in the industrial turbines and jet engines. One characteristic of the surface builder substance is its ease of use in a variety of common hydrocarbon fuels. The surface builder can be formulated to be directly mixed with either gasoline, diesel fuel or aviation diesel (JP-4 and others) and in natural gas. The fuel gas pressure ranges from 4 to 10 atmospheres, and the surface builder is injected into the gas stream ranging in pressure from 20 to 500 atmospheres. By injecting the surface builder in this manner, the surface builder enters the gas stream in colloid state.
As a result of the initial reaction of the surface builder in the combustion zone forms a phosphorus-nitrogen complex that has an excess of electrons. This complex is highly reactive with metal ions. An example of the surface construction may be seen in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3.. Figure 1 shows an uncoated metal surface, Figure 2 and Figure 3 show a surface "under construction". In the latter figures the clusters of the alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complexes can be noticed. In Figure 2 and Figure 3 the clusters of the alkali-phosphorus- nitrogen complexes have reacted with the surface of the combustion zone, to form the new alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen- metal complex surface. The thickness of the new surface is measured in microne, but as it can be seen on Figure 2 and Figure 3, this alkali- phosphorus-nitogen-metal complex is sufficient to present a different surface composition with the fuel air mixture in the combustion zone. The alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal surface catalyzes the fuel-air reaction, reducing the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and the CO, reduces the secondary reactions, producing nitrogen oxides. After formation of the new surface the nitrogen and the oxigen can not react directly with the metal surface, and the main source of the nitrogen- oxides ceases to exist. (Because the Ni and Cr containing metals catalyze the formation of NOx).
Using the surface builder in jet engines or gas turbines, the emission reducing and fuel saving effects of the surface builder realizes to a greater extent.
The complex forming additive can also be used in explosion engines. Certain complexes can be added to the fuel- system of the explosion engines or continuous combustion engines, which form a thin, new layer on the wall of the combustion zone and on the surfaces exposed to the combustion gas.
This thin layer has beneficial effects for the operation characteristics of the engine, as a result of which the emission of carbon-monoxide (CO), the unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), the nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the fuel consumption of the vehicle decreases. These beneficial characteristics can be attributed to the better and more complete combustion of the fuels, what is caused by the interaction between the fuel and the thin layer (The carbon deposit disappeared from the exhaust pipe of the experimental vehicles). The surface builder may be used with both diesel and gasoline engines, by simply adding the surface builder to the fuel system. The composition of the surface builder has been changed from the original water soluble form to oil soluble form, and as a result of this change the surface builder became soluble in gasoline and in diesel oil, and in any other hydrocarbon based fuel.
Both diesel and gasoline engines build complex surface by using compounded fuel. Both engine types develop the surface in different steps. The first step is a "clean-up" phase, when the carbon buildup, particularly carbon deposits in diesel engines are cleaned from the internal working surface, due to the increased reactivity of the surface builder and diesel fuel. This "cleanup phase" takes place at any time duration within hours up to two weeks.
The second step is where the vehicle driver experiences a "sudden" increase in performance. This can be experienced as in sudden engine surge or an increased performance, quieter engine and decreased fuel consumption. This is the joint effect of the complex surface formed and the catalyzed combustion.
The third and final step, when the emission and the fuel consumption is reduced.
By stopping the compounding the advantageous surface slowly deteriorates, and the original disadvantageous condition is restored.
The surface builder described above is only one of the thousand complexes, capable of changing the surface of the combustion zones. The surface builder can be any molecule group, which is characterized by joining a metal ion and an alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen bond.
The present invention not only makes easier the use of the earlier described surface builders, but also by making possible their use in combustion equipments results in the decrease of emission to such an extent, which can initiate changes in the environmental protection up to now unthinkable. Such combustion equipments can be for example the gas firing heat treating furnaces, coal heating boilers and refuse burners. In each case the surface builder is introduced into the combustion zone by mixing/ vaporizing into the fuel and/ or into the air necessary for combustion. The surface builder has corrosion reduction effects in each metal containing combustion zones. By catalyzing combustion, it reduces fuel consumption, and as a consequence of the more complete combustion, the emission also decreases. Using heat treating furnaces further advantage of the additive that significantly decreases the formation of scale, which means, that other environment polluting technologies can be replaced, and decrease of the quality (e.g. the hardening due to the removal of scale with graphite) of the heat treated metal can be avoided during removal of scale.
There have been numerous tests performed to demonstrate the features and performance of the surface builder. The tests were run by independent parties, and were controlled by independent experts. The stocks were provided by the inventors. Companies running the tests:
1. Hungarian Environmental Institute, Budapest, Hungary
2. MOL Tests, Beregdarόc, Hungary
3. Bosch Service, Nyϊregyhaza, Hungary 4. Lithuanian Railway Systems, Vilnius, Lithuania
Example 1
The additive according to the present invention is injected into the gas firing tube of a natural gas powered 10 MW General Electric gas turbine, before introducing it into the combustion zone. Digitally controlled injector is used for compounding, which keeps the fuel gas/ surface builder ratio constant during the 6 hour's measurement, i.e. 30-60 ml additive is vaporized into 100 Nm3 natural gas. The emission of the gas turbine is constantly registered. The level of the unburned hydrocarbon drops under 0, 1 ppm from the starting 25-35 ppm value. The amount of carbon-monoxide drops under the measuring range of the instrument from the starting 0,01% value. The amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) drops under 2 ppm from the starting 80-90 ppm value.
Example 2
With the gas turbine used in Example 1. the experiment is repeated for 72 hours, in such a way that the complex is dissolved in diesel fuel, which is more difficult to vaporize. This way additive of bigger particle size enters the combustion zone, which reduces its efficiency, because of the higher viscosity and the weaker vapour-liquid ratio. Despite this the turbine met the more rigorous emission requirements during the measuring.
Example 3
A carbon steel piece is heated with gas flame, under standard conditions, at 1100-1300 °C, for 6 hours, with and without additive. The addition of the complex compound in the gas in 1/ 1280 ratio results differences visible with the unaided eye both in scale formation and in corrosion.
Example 4
The effects of the surface builder is investigated, mixed into the fuel of a DAF camion. The fuel consumption of the camion is monitored with a digital instrument (which can continuously record the distance covered and consumption). It is clear from the appendix, that the consumption decreased from the starting 43-44 1/ 100 km to 36-38 1/ 100 km (BOSCH diagram appendix, Figure 4).

Claims

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. Application of alkali-phosphorus-nitrogen-metal complexes for the formation of the surfaces of combustion zones, comprising that the complex forming substances are introduced into the combustion zone by mixing into the fuel and/ or into the air necessary for the combustion.
2. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of diesel engines.
3. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of gasoline engines.
4. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of industrial turbines.
5. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of jet engines.
6. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of heat treating furnaces.
7. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of coal heating boilers.
8. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the combustion zones are combustion zones of refuse burners.
9. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the complex forming additive is dissolved in crude oil destination products.
10. The application according to Claim 1, comprising that the complex forming additive is dissolved in water.
11. The application according to Claim 1 , comprising that the alkali metal-phosphorus-nitrogen complex is formed from the Al, Ni, Cr atoms of the surface to be protected, instead of the iron complexing.
PCT/HU2004/000001 2003-01-13 2004-01-13 Novel use of phosphor-nitrogen-metal complex WO2004069965A1 (en)

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WO2006037094A1 (en) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-06 Envirofuels L.L.C. Additive for liquid or liquified hydrocarbon fueled direct fired burners, open flames and related processes
WO2006055559A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-26 Envirofuels, L.L.C. Additive for solid hydrocarbon fueled direct fired burners, furnaces, open flames and related processes
US7604672B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2009-10-20 Envirofuels, Llc Additive for hydrocarbon fuel and related process
WO2010026598A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Raju Alluri Sreenivasa Fuel saving process using hollow micro spheres in internal combustion engine

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JP2006516301A (en) 2006-06-29
EP1594942A1 (en) 2005-11-16
PL377902A1 (en) 2006-02-20

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