WO2004055832A1 - Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004055832A1
WO2004055832A1 PCT/US2002/039631 US0239631W WO2004055832A1 WO 2004055832 A1 WO2004055832 A1 WO 2004055832A1 US 0239631 W US0239631 W US 0239631W WO 2004055832 A1 WO2004055832 A1 WO 2004055832A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
gas
burden
reducing gas
hot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/039631
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gary E. Metius
Stephen C. Montague
Russell Bailey
Russell Kakaley
Brian W. Voelker
Original Assignee
Midrex Internaitonal B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/924,686 external-priority patent/US5997596A/en
Priority claimed from US09/781,816 external-priority patent/US6506230B2/en
Priority to US09/944,675 priority Critical patent/US6602317B2/en
Application filed by Midrex Internaitonal B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch filed Critical Midrex Internaitonal B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch
Priority to EP02792357A priority patent/EP1604373B1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2002/039631 priority patent/WO2004055832A1/fr
Priority to UAA200506688A priority patent/UA78139C2/uk
Priority to CA2508718A priority patent/CA2508718C/fr
Priority to MXPA05006258A priority patent/MXPA05006258A/es
Priority to AU2002357816A priority patent/AU2002357816A1/en
Publication of WO2004055832A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004055832A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C21B13/029—Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00054—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system
    • B01J2219/00056—Controlling or regulating the heat exchange system involving measured parameters
    • B01J2219/00058—Temperature measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00121—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling
    • B01J2219/00123—Controlling the temperature by direct heating or cooling adding a temperature modifying medium to the reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0255—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/141—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the production of direct reduced iron in both hot and cold discharge plants occurs in a vertical shaft furnace and involves reduction of iron ore or iron oxide as it moves downwardly in a reduction zone of a vertical shaft furnace through which is passed a suitable hot reducing gas, known as bustle gas.
  • Bustle gas which is principally composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is introduced to the shaft furnace at temperatures in the range of about 700°C to about 1100°C.
  • the ore is charged at the top of the furnace and caused to flow downwardly through the reduction zone wherein it is reduced by heated reducing gas which flows upwardly through the furnace, after which the reduced ore flows into and downwardly through the transition zone to be carburized if desired.
  • a hydrocarbon gas used in direct reduction may be preheated, which increases the temperature of the upflowing gas as it flows upwardly into the center of the burden.
  • a portion of the upflowing gas may be removed before it enters the reduction zone of the furnace.
  • the removed upflowing gas known as hot bleed gas, may be ducted to a top gas scrubber of the furnace or may be mixed with the main reducing gas stream of the furnace for reintroduction to the furnace.
  • hot reducing gas may be directly injected into the center portion of the burden, offsetting the effect of the upflowing gases.
  • the center injected hot reducing gas may be split off from the main reducing gas stream or may be generated by a partial oxidation reactor.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for conserving energy in a direct reduction furnace by maintaining a uniform temperature throughout the burden.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of the center burden of a direct reduction furnace in order to offset the cooling effect caused by upflowing gases into the reduction zone of the furnace, and thereby increasing metallization of the burden.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing the entry of preheated in situ natural gas into a direct reduction furnace.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing a hot cone bleed from a furnace with the hot cone bleed gas sent to a top gas scrubber.
  • the furnace 12 typically has a charging zone 108, a reduction zone 26, a transition zone 66, a cooling zone 38, and a discharge zone 110.
  • the iron ore 16 descends by gravity into the shaft furnace 12 from the hopper 14 through a pellet feed pipe 18.
  • the pellet feed pipe 18 also serves as a gas seal pipe.
  • a pellet discharge pipe 20 which also serves as a gas seal pipe.
  • a pellet discharge device 22 of any conventional type is located below the discharge pipe 20 and receives metallic iron, thereby establishing gravitational descent of the burden through the furnace 12.
  • the spent gas from off-take pipe 28 flows through a pipe 30 to a scrubber 32 which cools the spent gas and removes dust.
  • Scrubber 32 can be of any conventional type used in the industry. After leaving the scrubber 32, the spent gas is ducted to a reformer 44. Thereafter it is recycled.
  • cooled gas is introduced and re-circulated to a lower region of the furnace 12 via a cooling inlet pipe 34 which connects to a cooling gas introduction and distributing member 36 located within the furnace 12 and arranged to distribute the cool gas into the burden 16.
  • Hydrocarbon gas is added to the cool gas from a fuel source 112 prior to a reintroduction into the burden 16.
  • the reformer 44 which generates hot reducing gas has fuel fired burners 46, a flue pipe 48 and a plurality of catalytic reformer tubes 50, only one being shown. Combustion air from a blower 52 is fed to the burners 46 through a flow regulating valve 54. Fuel is fed to the burners 46 through a pipe 56 from a fuel source 58 and flow regulating valves 60.
  • the reformer 44 is connected to the bustle system 24 by a pipe 62.
  • the simplest explanation of the shaft furnace-based direct reduction plant of the Midrex method in operation starts with the entry of the hot reducing gas through the bustle system 24 at the periphery of the reduction zone 26.
  • the iron oxide burden 16 descends through the reduction zone 26 while the reducing gas ascends from the bottom of the reducing zone 26 through the iron oxide burden 16, reducing the burden 16 in the process, and exiting the shaft furnace 12 through an off-take 28 above stockline 64 of the burden 16.
  • the reducing gases can be externally generated or result from reactions within the shaft furnace 12.
  • a partial oxidation reactor 44(a) or multiple reactors generate the hot reducing gas which is then ducted to the center of the furnace 12, eliminating the need to divert a small portion of hot bustle gas to the center of the furnace 12.
  • the partial oxygen reactor 44(a) burns oxygen 70 and a hydrocarbon fuel 72 such as natural gas to produce a high quality, high temperature reducing gas.
  • This gas is well suited to use for center injection into a direct reduction furnace 12. Since the quantity and ratio of oxygen and hydrocarbon fuel are tightly controlled for proper combustion in the oxidation reactor 44(a), the mechanism to vary the flow rate of center injection gas may easily be built into the partial oxidation reactor 44(a) design.
  • the apparatus includes a heat exchanger 84 to preheat the natural gas 74 before injecting it into the direct reduction furnace 12.
  • Hot flue gas from a combustion process is supplied to the heat exchanger 84 to preheat the natural gas 74 stream.
  • the flue gas may be from a reformer 86 or from any other source of combustion flue gases.
  • the temperature to which the natural gas 74 is preheated is typically up to 450°C, although the temperature is only limited at the upper end by cracking of the heated gas. That is, the preheat temperature must be lower than the temperature at which cracking of the natural gas 74 would present problems with carbon deposition in the heat exchanger 84 or piping. It will be appreciated by those of skilled in the art that the preheat temperature can be as high as 550°C depending upon the composition of the preheated gas and its tendency to crack.
  • the cool and clean hot cone bleed gas can be returned to the furnace 12 in one of two locations.
  • the hot cone bleed gas can be 1 routed to the top gas scrubber 88 of the furnace 12 so that the gas is injected underneath the packing of the scrubbers 98 and 100, similar to process gas recycle.
  • the hot cone bleed gas exiting the furnace 12 is at a higher pressure than the top gas scrubber 88, so the system is natural flow.
  • the cool and clean hot cone bleed gas can be compressed by a compressor 106 and delivered directly to a bustle gas duct 24 for injection into the furnace reduction zone 26.
  • hot cone bleed can be adjusted to control the amount of gas upflow, it allows more hydrocarbons to be added to the lower cone 82 of the furnace 12.
  • the amount of hot cone bleed can be increased as hydrocarbons to the lower cone 82 are increased.
  • the additional amount of hydrocarbons to the lower cone 82 will increase product carbon and generate more reducing gas, mostly H 2 , without lowering center bed temperatures which reduces reaction kinetics.
  • the hydrocarbons added to the lower portion of the furnace 12 cools the reduced iron product, the quantity and composition of added gases will still be limited by the minimum allowable temperature of the output product, which is around 650-700 °C for a furnace producing hot briquetted iron (HBI).

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant d'augmenter une entrée d'hydrocarbures dans un four à cuve à réduction directe (12) tout en contrôlant l'uniformité de température de la partie centrale (26) du lit de fusion à l'intérieur du four (12), les gaz hydrocarbures utilisés dans la réduction directe pouvant être préchauffés, ce qui augmente la température des gaz hydrocarbures, et par conséquent augmente la température obtenue du gaz ascendant lorsqu'il s'élève depuis la partie inférieure (66) du four (12) vers le centre (26) du lit de fusion. Dans une variante, une partie du gaz ascendant peut être éliminée avant qu'elle n'entre dans la zone de réduction du four. Le gaz ascendant éliminé, connu en tant que gaz de purge chaud, peut être conduit vers l'épurateur de gaz supérieur (32) du four ou peut être mélangé au flux de gaz de réduction principal du four pour être réintroduit dans le four. Dans une variante, le gaz de réduction chaud peut être directement injecté dans la partie centrale (26) du lit de fusion, décalant l'effet de refroidissement du gaz ascendant. Le gaz de réduction chaud injecté au centre peut être séparé du flux de gaz de réduction principal ou peut être généré par un réacteur d'oxydation partielle.
PCT/US2002/039631 1997-09-05 2002-12-12 Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe WO2004055832A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/944,675 US6602317B2 (en) 1997-09-05 2001-08-30 Method and apparatus for controlling temperature uniformity of the burden in a direct reduction shaft furnace
EP02792357A EP1604373B1 (fr) 2002-12-12 2002-12-12 Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe
PCT/US2002/039631 WO2004055832A1 (fr) 1997-09-05 2002-12-12 Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe
UAA200506688A UA78139C2 (en) 2002-12-12 2002-12-12 Method (variants) and device (variants) for adjusting of charge temperature homogrneity and a method for direct reduction of ferric oxides in the direct reduction shaft furnace
CA2508718A CA2508718C (fr) 2002-12-12 2002-12-12 Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe
MXPA05006258A MXPA05006258A (es) 2002-12-12 2002-12-12 Metodo y aparato para controlar la uniformidad de temperatura de carga en un horno de tiro de reduccion directa.
AU2002357816A AU2002357816A1 (en) 2002-12-12 2002-12-12 Method and apparatus for controling temperature uniformity of the burden in a direct reduction shaft furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/924,686 US5997596A (en) 1997-09-05 1997-09-05 Oxygen-fuel boost reformer process and apparatus
US09/456,111 US6524356B2 (en) 1997-09-05 1999-12-07 Method and apparatus for producing reformed gases
US18194500P 2000-02-11 2000-02-11
US09/781,816 US6506230B2 (en) 1997-09-05 2001-02-12 Method for increasing productivity of direct reduction process
US09/944,675 US6602317B2 (en) 1997-09-05 2001-08-30 Method and apparatus for controlling temperature uniformity of the burden in a direct reduction shaft furnace
PCT/US2002/039631 WO2004055832A1 (fr) 1997-09-05 2002-12-12 Procede et appareil de controle d'uniformite de temperature du lit de fusion dans un four a cuve a reduction directe

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US20050081444A1 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-21 General Electric Company Catalytic partial oxidation processor with heat exchanger for converting hydrocarbon fuels to syngas for use in fuel cells and method
US7938882B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2011-05-10 Midrex Technologies, Inc. Method and system for the supply of hot direct reduced iron for multiple uses
US9150446B2 (en) * 2008-03-25 2015-10-06 Agc Glass Europe Glass melting furnace
UA117374C2 (uk) * 2013-07-31 2018-07-25 Мідрекс Текнолоджиз, Інк. Відновлення оксиду заліза до металевого заліза із застосуванням коксового газу та газу зі сталеплавильної печі з подачею кисню
CN113088609B (zh) * 2021-04-13 2022-06-17 黎城太行钢铁有限公司 煤气双基还原炉及用煤气双基还原炉制造还原铁的方法
CN113549776A (zh) * 2021-07-26 2021-10-26 山西八达镁业有限公司 一种竖式还原罐置换式装料方法
CN113930568B (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-11-08 东北大学 一种氢气进入还原竖炉制备直接还原铁的方法

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US6146442A (en) * 1999-01-08 2000-11-14 Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch Apparatus and method for introducing gas into a shaft furnace without disturbing burden flow
US6214086B1 (en) * 1999-08-20 2001-04-10 Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch Direct reduced iron discharge system and method

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