WO2004055088A1 - Allylgruppen-haltiges polyetherurethan - Google Patents
Allylgruppen-haltiges polyetherurethan Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004055088A1 WO2004055088A1 PCT/EP2003/014357 EP0314357W WO2004055088A1 WO 2004055088 A1 WO2004055088 A1 WO 2004055088A1 EP 0314357 W EP0314357 W EP 0314357W WO 2004055088 A1 WO2004055088 A1 WO 2004055088A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/87—Polyurethanes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/61—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/6795—Unsaturated polyethers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mono- and / or polyallyl-polyether urethane, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers which contain such a polyether urethane as a copolymer and cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions which contain a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer based on a mono- and / or polyallyl polyether urethane.
- Cosmetically and pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers are widely used in cosmetics and medicine. For example, they serve very generally as thickeners for various types of formulations, such as. B. gels, creams or emulsions. Branched or crosslinked water-soluble polymers with anionic functionalities, such as, for. B. crosslinked polyacrylic acid used.
- crosslinked polymers with film-forming properties are used as conditioners to improve dry and wet combability, the feel, the shine and / or the appearance of the hair and to give the hair antistatic properties.
- crosslinked polymers with cationic functionalities are often used as conditioners, which have a high affinity for the structurally induced negatively charged surface of the hair.
- conditioners include, for example, crosslinked copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, quaternized N-vinylimidazole, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).
- WO 99/58100 describes a cosmetic composition containing at least one crosslinked, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane composed of at least one polyurethane prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups and at least one polymer with groups reactive towards isocyanate groups, at least one of the components containing a siloxane group.
- the object of the present invention is to provide new water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer building blocks for the production of also water-soluble or water-dispersible cosmetically and / or pharmaceutically acceptable polymers.
- the polymers obtained with these polymer building blocks should preferably have good water solubility and good film-forming properties and be suitable for the production of products in the form of gels.
- the invention therefore relates to a polyether urethane containing at least one allyl group, the
- alkyl includes straight-chain and branched alkyl groups. Suitable short-chain alkyl groups are, for example, straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl groups.
- Suitable longer-chain Cs-C 3 o-alkyl or Cs-C 3 o-alkenyl groups are straight-chain and branched alkyl or alkenyl groups. Preferably, these are predominantly linear alkyl radicals, as they also occur in natural or synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols, which may optionally also be mono-, di- or polyunsaturated.
- Cycloalkyl is preferably Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
- Aryl comprises unsubstituted and substituted aryl groups and is preferably phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, mesityl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl and in particular phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or mesityl.
- Another suitable embodiment are polyallylpolyether urethanes which have at least two allyl groups bonded to the polymer structure via a polyether chain. This includes mixtures of compounds with different allyl group content, e.g. B. Mixtures containing at least one mono- and at least one polyallylpolyether urethane.
- compounds which can be derived from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are sometimes shortened by inserting the syllable "(meth)" into the compound derived from acrylic acid.
- Polymers based on the polyallyl polyether urethanes according to the invention can advantageously be formulated as gels under normal conditions (20 ° C.).
- Gel-like consistency means agents which have a higher viscosity than a liquid and which are self-supporting, i.e. H. which retain a shape given to them without a form-stabilizing covering. In contrast to solid formulations, gel-like formulations can easily be deformed using shear forces.
- the viscosity of the gel-like compositions is preferably in a range from greater than 600 to about 60,000 Pas.
- the gels are preferably hair gels, these having a viscosity of preferably 6,000 to 30,000 mPas.
- water-soluble monomers and polymers are understood to mean monomers and polymers which dissolve at least 1 g / l in water at 20 ° C.
- Hydrophilic monomers are water-soluble or at least water-dispersible.
- Water-dispersible polymers are understood to mean polymers which break down into dispersible particles using shear forces, for example by stirring.
- Crosslinked copolymers based on the polyallylpolyether urethanes according to the invention are preferably water-soluble.
- the polyallylpolyether urethane according to the invention contains, as component a), at least one polyalkylene glycol monoallyl ether (ether of allyl alcohol with a polyether diol).
- Polyalkylene glycol monoallyl ethers suitable as component a) generally have a number average molecular weight in the range from about 150 to 10,000, preferably 300 to 5000, particularly preferably 500 to 4000.
- the polyalkylene glycol residue can be derived, for example, from polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofurans and alkylene oxide copolymers.
- Suitable processes for the preparation of compounds of component a), for example starting from allyl alcohol, allyl halides or allyl glycidyl ether, are known to the person skilled in the art. Such products are commercially available, for example, from BASF Aktiengesellschaft under the names Pluriol® A 010R and Pluriol® A OHR.
- Allyl alcohol alkoxylates are preferably used as component a), which preferably contain at least one alkylene oxide, selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, 1,2- and 2,3-butylene oxide in copolymerized form.
- the allyl alcohol alkoxylates can be randomly distributed or different alkylene oxide units Polymerized in the form of blocks. Allyl alcohol ethoxylates or copolymers which contain ethylene oxide are preferred, in particular copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- Component a) is preferably selected from compounds of the general formula IV
- the order of the alkylene oxide units is arbitrary and m and n stand for an integer from 0 to 500, the sum of m and n> 1.
- polyallyl-polyurethane-urethanes according to the invention contain at least one compound b) which is selected from
- polyether polyols with a number average molecular weight in the range from about 300 to 5000
- Suitable compounds bl) are e.g. B. diols, diamines, amino alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
- the molecular weight of these compounds is preferably in a range from about 56 to 280. If desired, up to 3 mol% of the compounds mentioned can be replaced by triols or triamines.
- Suitable diols bl) are e.g. B. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethylol, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- or hexaethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. Neopentyl glycol and / or cyclohexanedimethylol are preferably used.
- Suitable amino alcohols bl) are e.g. B.
- 2-aminoethanol 2- (N-methylamino) ethanol, 3-aminopropanol, 4-aminobutanol, 1-ethylamino-butan-2-ol, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, 4-methyl -4-aminopentan-2-ol etc.
- Suitable diamines bl) are e.g. B. ethylenediamine, prop lendiamine, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane.
- Component b2) is preferably a polyether polyol with a number average molecular weight in the range from 400 to 4000, in particular 500 to 3000.
- Preferred polymers b2) are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofuran, etc., block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propy - Lenoxide or block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, which contain the alkylene oxide units randomly distributed or copolymerized in the form of blocks.
- Suitable polytetrahydrofurans b2) can by cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of acidic catalysts, such as. B. sulfuric acid or fluorosulphuric acid. Such production processes are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the compounds b3) are preferably selected from
- a and b independently of one another represent 1 to 8,
- c 2 to 100
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another represent Ci-Cs-alkyl, benzyl or phenyl,
- v and w independently of one another represent an integer from 0 to 200, the sum of v and w being> 0,
- R 3 represents hydrogen, -CC 8 alkyl or C 5 -C 8 cycloalkyl
- radicals R 4 each independently represent Ci-Cs-alkyl, preferably methyl, benzyl or phenyl,
- d represents an integer from 5 to 1000
- e represents an integer from 2 to 100
- f represents an integer from 2 to 8
- x and y independently of one another represent an integer from 0 to 200, the sum of x and y being> 0, and mixtures thereof.
- the polysiloxanes b3) of the general formula I.l do not have any alkylene oxide radicals of the general formula II.
- These polysiloxanes b3) then preferably have a number average molecular weight in the range from about 300 to 5000, preferably 400 to 3000.
- Suitable polysiloxanes b3) which have no alkylene oxide residues are e.g. B. the Tegomer R brands from Goldschmidt.
- the polysiloxanes b3) are silicone-poly (alkylene oxide) copolymers of the formula II, where at least one or both of the Z 1 and / or Z 2 radicals represent a radical of the general formula II.
- the sum of v and w is preferably chosen such that the molecular weight of the polysiloxanes b3) is in a range from about 300 to 30,000.
- the total number of alkylene oxide units of the polysiloxanes b3) is preferably in a range from about 3 to 200, preferably 5 to 180.
- the polysiloxanes b3) are silicone-poly (alkylene oxide) copolymers of the formula 1.2 which have at least two Z 3 radicals of the general formula III.
- the sum of x and y is then preferably selected such that the molecular weight of the polysiloxanes b3) is then in a range from about 300 to 30,000.
- the total number of alkylene oxide units of the polysiloxanes b3), that is to say the sum of x and y in the formula III, is preferably in a range from about 3 to 200, preferably 5 to 180.
- Suitable silicone-poly (alkylene oxide) copolymers b3) which, for. B. are known under the international free name Dimethicon, are the Tegopren ® brands from Goldschmidt, Belsil ® 6031 and 6032 from Wacker, Silvet ® L from Witco and Pluriol ® ST 4005 from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
- Suitable polysiloxanes b3) are also the polydimethylsiloxanes described in EP-A-277 816.
- Suitable polyisocyanates c) are selected from compounds with 2 to 5 isocyanate groups, isocyanate prepolymers with an average number of 2 to 5 isocyanate groups, and mixtures thereof. These include, for example, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic di-, tri- and polyisocyanates. Suitable diisocyanates are e.g. B.
- tetramethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2, 3, 3-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and their isomer mixtures (e.g. 80% 2,4- and 20% 2,6-isomer), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
- a suitable triisocyanate is, for example, triphenylmethane-4, 4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate.
- isocyanate prepolymers and polyisocyanates which can be obtained by adding the above-mentioned isocyanates to polyfunctional compounds containing hydroxyl or amine groups.
- Polyisocyanates which are obtained by biuret or isocyanurate formation, aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates and in particular hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- the polyallylpolyether urethanes are prepared by reacting the compounds of components a) and, if present, b) with component c).
- the temperature is in a range from approximately 30 to 140 ° C., preferably approximately 40 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out without a solvent or in a suitable inert solvent or solvent mixture.
- Suitable solvents are aprotic polar solvents, e.g. B. tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and preferably ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, such as. B. under nitrogen.
- the reaction is preferably carried out at ambient pressure or under elevated pressure.
- the components are reacted such that the polyether urethanes according to the invention have at least one terminal allyl group or, for polyallyl polyether urethanes, at least two terminal allyl groups.
- the polyether urethanes according to the invention have at least one terminal allyl group or, for polyallyl polyether urethanes, at least two terminal allyl groups.
- Another object of the invention is therefore a method for producing a polyether urethane containing at least one allyl group, the
- step ii) in a second stage, the prepolymer obtained in step i) is reacted with the compounds b) and c) not already used in step i) to give the polyether urethane.
- stage i a prepolymer with a glass transition temperature T G of at most 100 ° C., preferably at most 60 ° C., is preferably obtained.
- step i) is preferably carried out at a temperature which is higher than the glass transition temperature of the prepolymer.
- the compounds b) used in step ii) have hydroxyl groups as groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, and the reaction takes place without the addition of a solvent.
- the compounds b) used in step ii) have primary or secondary amino groups as groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a protic-polar solvent.
- the components are preferably used in amounts such that the resulting allyl polyether urethane has essentially no free NCO groups.
- the ratio of NCO equivalents of the compounds of component c) to equivalents of active hydrogen atoms of components a) and, if present, b) is preferably in a range from about 1: 1.01 to 1: 3, preferably 1 : 1.1 to 1: 2.5, especially 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.2.
- Any free isocyanate groups of the allyl polyether urethanes which are still present can be inactivated by subsequent reaction with amines, preferably amino alcohols, or with C 2 -C alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol.
- Suitable amines and amino alcohols are those mentioned above as component bl), preferably 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol.
- the allyl polyether urethanes according to the invention preferably have 1 to 40, particularly preferably 2 to 25 allyl groups.
- a special embodiment are monoallyl polyether urethanes.
- Another special embodiment are polyallyl polyether urethanes which have two allyl groups.
- the above-mentioned embodiments are advantageously suitable for producing low-branched or crosslinked water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymers.
- Another special embodiment are polyallylpolyether urethanes which have 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 25, allyl groups. These are advantageously suitable for the production of slightly more branched or crosslinked water-soluble or water-dispersible copolymers.
- the number average molecular weight of the allyl polyether urethanes is preferably about 300 to 25,000, particularly preferably 400 to 10,000.
- the polyether urethanes according to the invention are advantageously suitable for producing cosmetically and / or pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble (or at least water-dispersible) linear, branched or crosslinked polymers.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention quite generally comprise the products of the radical copolymerization of polyether urethanes according to the invention with compounds which have at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bond. These can be copolymers in which the polyallyl-polyether urethanes are covalently bonded via one, two or, if present, more than two of their allyl groups.
- copolymers which still have free allyl groups are also included, process products from an at least partial grafting of the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated compounds onto the polyether chains of the allylpolyether urethanes, mixtures of homo- and copo-. Polymerizations of the ethylenically unsaturated compounds with the allyl polyether urethanes and any mixtures of the aforementioned components. Polymers based on the allyl polyether urethanes according to the invention have properties which are advantageous both compared to polymers based on low molecular weight crosslinkers (e.g.
- polystyrene resin acrylates, methylene bisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, triallylamine, etc.
- polymers based on high molecular weight crosslinkers with at least two vinyl groups Polymers based on polyallylpolyether urethanes are characterized by improved water resistance compared to conventionally crosslinked polymers. Solubility, good rheological (thickening) properties, high flexibility, good film-forming properties and / or the ability to form clear gels.
- the invention further relates to a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer which contains at least one polyallylpolyether urethane, as defined above, and at least one radically polymerizable compound which has at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated double bond in copolymerized form.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention preferably contain 1 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the components used for the polymerization, of at least one polyallyl-polyether urethane.
- the polymers preferably contain at least one radically polymerizable hydrophilic nonionic compound Ml) copolymerized.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer according to the invention preferably contains 50 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 98% by weight, in particular 70 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the components used for the polymerization, of at least one radically polymerizable nonionic Polymerized compound Ml).
- the free-radically polymerizable nonionic compound Ml is preferably selected from primary amides cc, ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, N-vinyl lactams, N-vinylamides saturated monocarboxylic acids, esters ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C -alkanediols, Esters and amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 2 -C 4 amino alcohols which have a primary or secondary amino group, vinyl ethers, nonionic, hydrophilic vinyl- and all-substituted heterocyclic compounds and mixtures thereof.
- Primary amides ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids suitable as nonionic monomers Ml are, for example, acrylic acid amide, methacrylic acid amide, ethacrylic acid amide and mixtures thereof. Acrylic acid amide and / or methacrylic acid amide are preferred.
- Preferred hydrophilic nonionic monomers Ml are:
- N-vinyl lactams and their derivatives the z. B. one or more Ci-C ö alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, may have n-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl etc. These include e.g. B.
- N-vinylpyrrolidone N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam
- N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone 5 N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone
- N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam etc.
- N-vinylpyrrolidone and / or N-vinylcaprolactam are used .
- N-vinylamides suitable as hydrophilic nonionic monomers Ml are N-vinylamides suitable as hydrophilic nonionic monomers Ml
- N-vinylformamide N-vinyl-N-methylformamide
- N-vinyl acetamide N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide
- N-vinyl-N-ethylacetamide N-vinyl propionamide
- N-vinyl-N-methyl propionamide N-vinyl-butyramide and mixtures thereof.
- N-vinylformamide is preferably used.
- Suitable hydrophilic nonionic monomers Ml are also the esters ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid etc., with C 1 -C 4 -alkanediols. These include e.g. B.
- Suitable monomers are also the esters of the aforementioned acids with triols and polyols, such as. B. glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol etc.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers preferably contain at least one hydrophilic nonionic compound Ml) in copolymerized form, which is selected from acrylic acid amide, methacrylic acid amide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide and mixtures thereof.
- Ml hydrophilic nonionic compound
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention preferably contain at least one polyallylpolyether urethane and at least one free-radically polymerizable hydrophilic nonionic compound Ml)
- the polymer according to the invention preferably contains up to 45% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 2 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the components used for the polymerization of at least one monomer M2) polymerized at least one ionogenic and / or ionic group per molecule.
- the ionogenic or ionic groups are preferably selected from carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups and / or phosphonic acid groups and their salts which can be obtained by partially or completely neutralizing with a base, and also amino groups which can be partially or completely protonated and quaternized.
- the monomers M2) with anionogenic / anionic groups are preferably selected from monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphonic acids and salts and mixtures thereof. These include monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with 3 to 25, preferably 3 to 6, carbon atoms, which can also be used in the form of their salts or anhydrides. Examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid and fumaric acid.
- These also include the half-esters of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 10, preferably 4 to 6, carbon atoms, for. B. of maleic acid such as maleic acid monomethyl ester.
- maleic acid such as maleic acid monomethyl ester.
- monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids for example vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethylacrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropyl sulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropylsulfonic acid, styrene 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylphosphonic acid and allylphosphonic acid and the salts, especially the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of these acids.
- Monomers with anionogenic / anionic groups which are selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, are preferably used to prepare the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention.
- the monomers with anionogenic / anionic groups are particularly preferably selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures which contain acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
- the monomers M2) with ionogenic / ionic groups are those with cationogenic / cationic groups.
- the cationogenic and / or cationic groups are preferably nitrogen-containing groups, such as primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups.
- the nitrogen-containing groups are preferably tertiary amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups.
- Charged cationic groups can be derived from the amine nitrogen either by protonation, e.g. B. with carboxylic acids, such as lactic acid, or mineral acids, such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, or by quaternization, for. B. with alkylating agents such as -CC 4 alkyl halides or sulfates. Examples of such alkylating agents are ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate.
- Suitable monomers are e.g. B. the esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols.
- Preferred amino alcohols are C 2 -C 2 amino alcohols which are dialkylated on the amine nitrogen C ⁇ -C 8 .
- an acid component of these esters are, for. As acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic anhydride, monobutyl maleate and mixtures thereof.
- Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof are preferably used.
- Suitable monomers M2 are also the amides of the aforementioned, ß-ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with diamines which have at least one primary or secondary amino group. Diamines which have a tertiary and a primary or secondary amino group are preferred.
- Preferred monomers are N- [2- (dimethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [2- (dimethyla ino) ethyl1] methacrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino) propy1] acrylamide, N- [3- (dimethylamino ) propyl] methacrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] crylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) butyl] methacrylamide, N- [2- (diethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [4- ( dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] methacrylamide etc.
- N- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] acrylamide and / or N- [3- (dimethylamino) propy1] methacrylamide are particularly preferably used.
- Suitable monomers M2) are also N, N-diallylamines and N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines and their acid addition salts and quaternization products.
- Alkyl. preferably represents -C 24 alkyl.
- Preferred are N, N-diallyl-N-methylamine and N, N-diallyl-N, N-dimethylammonium compounds, such as. B. the chlorides and bromides.
- Suitable monomers M2) with cationogenic / cationic groups are also vinyl- and allyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles, such as N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, vinyl- and allyl-substituted heteroaromatic compounds, such as 2- and 4-vinylpyridine, 2- and 4-allylpyridine, and the salts thereof.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention can contain up to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, of at least one further monomer M3) in copolymerized form.
- additional monomers are preferably selected from esters ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C 1 -C 3 -alkanols, N-alkyl- and N, N-dialkylamides ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids,
- Esters of vinyl alcohol and allyl alcohol with -C 3 -C ⁇ monocarboxylic acids vinyl aromatics, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, Ci-Cs monoolefins, non-aromatic hydrocarbons with at least two conjugated double bonds, siloxane macromers and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable N-alkyl- and N, N-dialkylamides ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are, for example, N-methyl (eth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (eth) acrylamide, N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, N-tert.
- polymers can contain at least one crosslinker, i. H. contain a compound with two or more than two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in copolymerized form.
- Crosslinkers are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the components used for the polymerization.
- Crosslinking monomers which can be used are compounds having at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, for example esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and polyhydric alcohols, ethers of at least dihydric alcohols, for example vinyl ether or allyl ether.
- Examples of the underlying alcohols are dihydric alcohols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4 -Butanediol, but-2-en-l, 4-diol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol ., 1, 12-dodecanediol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methylpentane-1, 5-diol, 2, 5-dimethy1-1, 3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-l, 3-pentanediol, 1, 2-cyclohexane
- Examples of underlying alcohols with more than two OH groups are trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, triethoxycyanuric acid, sorbitan, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, mannose.
- the polyhydric alcohols can also be used as the corresponding ethoxylates or propoxylates after reaction with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
- the polyhydric alcohols can also first be converted into the corresponding glycidyl ethers by reaction with epichlorohydrin.
- crosslinkers are the vinyl esters or the esters of monohydric, unsaturated alcohols with ethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 carboxylic acids, for example acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid.
- examples of such alcohols are allyl alcohol, l-buten-3-ol, 5-hexen-l-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, 9-decen-l-ol, dicyclopentenyl alcohol, 10-undecen-l-ol , Cinnamon alcohol, citronellol, crotyl alcohol or cis-9-0cta-decen-1-ol.
- the monohydric, unsaturated alcohols can also be esterified with polybasic carboxylic acids, for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
- polybasic carboxylic acids for example malonic acid, tartaric acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or succinic acid.
- crosslinkers are esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with the polyhydric alcohols described above, for example oleic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid or 10-undecenoic acid.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons which have at least two double bonds, which in the aliphatic hydrocarbons must not be conjugated, e.g. B. divinylbenzene, divinyltoluene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,9-decadiene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, trivinylcyclohexane or polybutadienes with molecular weights of 200 to 20,000.
- Amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as, for. B., acrylic and methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, and N-allylamines of at least divalent amines, such as 1,2-diaminomethane, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diamino-propane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 12-dodecanediamine, piperazine, diethylenetriamine or isophoronediamine.
- the amides of allylamine and unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, or at least dibasic carboxylic acids, as described above, are also suitable.
- triallylamine or corresponding ammonium salts e.g. B. triallylmethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate, suitable as a crosslinking agent.
- N-vinyl compounds of urea derivatives at least divalent amides, cyanurates or urethanes, for example of urea, ethylene urea, propylene urea or tartaric acid diamide, e.g. B.
- N, N'-divinylethyleneurea or N, N'-divinylpropyleneurea can be used.
- crosslinkers are divinyl dioxane, tetraallylsilane or tetravinylsilane.
- crosslinking agents are, for example, methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, triallylamine and triallylammonium salts, divinylimidazole, N, '-divinylethyleneurea, reaction products of polyhydric alcohols with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid esters and acrylic acid esters of polyalkylene oxides or polyhydric alcohols and / or with ethylene oxide and with ethylene oxide / or epichlorohydrin have been reacted, and allyl or vinyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, for example 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitan and sugars such as sucrose, glucose, mannose.
- polyhydric alcohols for example 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolprop
- N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide, diallyl tartaric acid diamide, dialyl phthalate, diallyl urea, glycol di (meth) acrylate, alyl (meth) acrylate and polyallyl ether are very particularly preferred.
- the copolymerization for the preparation of the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers according to the invention takes place in the presence of at least one compound of component d), which is selected from
- copolymers with advantageous properties are obtained.
- This can be attributed, for example, to an action of component d) as a protective colloid or emulsifier.
- This can also result, for example, from at least partial grafting onto component d) as the basis for grafting.
- the copolymers according to the invention generally comprise the process products of the radical copolymerization, including z. B. pure graft polymers, mixtures of graft polymers with ungrafted compounds of component d), copolymers of the aforementioned monomers and any mixtures.
- Portions of ungrafted compounds of component d) can be advantageous depending on the intended use of the ampholytic copolymers.
- Special compounds dl) can have an effect, for example, as an emulsifier or protective colloid.
- the amount of component d) used is preferably 1 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the components used for the polymerization.
- Suitable polyether-containing compounds dl) are, for example, water-soluble or water-dispersible nonionic polymers which have repeating alkylene oxide units. The proportion of alkylene oxide repeating units is preferably at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the compound dl).
- Suitable polyether-containing compounds dl) are for example such as polyalkylene glycols, polyesters based on polyalkylene glycols, polyether urethanes and silicone derivatives containing polyalkylene oxide groups.
- Polyalkylene glycols suitable as component dl) generally have a number average molecular weight in the range from about 150 to 100,000, preferably 300 to 50,000, particularly preferably 500 to 40,000.
- Suitable polyalkylene glycols are, for example, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polytetrahydrofurans and alkylene oxide copolymers.
- Suitable alkylene oxides for the production of alkylene oxide copolymers are e.g. B. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, 1,2- and 2,3-butylene oxide.
- the alkylene oxide copolymers can contain the alkylene oxide units randomly distributed or copolymerized in the form of blocks.
- Homopolymers of ethylene oxide or copolymers which contain ethylene oxide are advantageously used.
- the proportion of repeating units derived from ethylene oxide is preferably 40 to 99% by weight.
- copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, copolymers of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide and copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and at least one butylene oxide are suitable.
- Allyl ethers of the aforementioned polyalkylene glycols are also suitable as component dl).
- Branched polyether-containing polymers dl) can be prepared by, for example, polyalkylene radicals, for. B. on pentaerythritol, glycerol or on sugar alcohols such as D-sorbitol and D-mannitol or on polysaccharides such as cellulose and starch, at least one of the aforementioned alkylene oxides.
- the alkylene oxide units can be randomly distributed in the adduct or be in the form of blocks.
- polyesters of polyalkylene oxides and aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids e.g. B. oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid and terephthalic acid
- Suitable polyesters of polyalkylene oxides with molecular weights from 1500 to 25000 are e.g. B. described in EP-A-0 743 962.
- polycarbonates from the reaction of polyalkylene oxides with phosgene or with carbonates, such as. B. diphenyl carbonate, and polyurethanes from the reaction of polyalkylene oxides with aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates can be used as compound dl).
- a component dl) which comprises at least one polyether urethane is used to produce the ampholytic copolymers.
- Suitable polyether urethanes are the condensation products of polyether polyols, such as polyether diols, with polyisocyanates, such as diisocyanates.
- Suitable polyether polyols are the aforementioned polyalkylene glycols, which are obtainable, for example, from the polymerization of cyclic ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, or from the reaction of one or more alkylene oxides with a starter molecule which has two or more active hydrogen atoms.
- Suitable polyisocyanates are selected from compounds with 2 to 5 isocyanate groups, isocyanate prepolymers with an average number of 2 to 5 isocyanate groups, and mixtures thereof. These include e.g. B. aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic di-, tri- and polyisocyanates. Suitable diisocyanates are e.g. B.
- tetramethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,3,3-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and their isomer mixtures (e.g. B. 80% 2,4- and 20% 2,6-isomer), 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
- a suitable triisocyanate is e.g. B. triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate.
- isocyanate prepolymers and polyisocyanates which can be obtained by adding the abovementioned isocyanates to polyfunctional compounds containing hydroxyl or amine groups.
- Polyisocyanates are also suitable which are formed by biuret or isocyanurate formation, preferably hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimerized hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.
- a component dl) is used to produce the ampholytic copolymers, which comprises at least one silicone derivative containing polyalkylene oxide.
- Suitable silicone derivatives dl are known under the INCI names dimethyl thicone copolyols and silicone surfactants known compounds, such as the T. under the trade names Abil ® (Fa. Goldschmidt), Alkasil ® (Fa. Rh ⁇ ne-Poulenc), Compounds available from Silicone Polyol Copolymer ® (from Genesee), Belsil ® (from Wacker), Silwet ® (from OSI) or Dow Corning (from Dow Corning). These include compounds with the CAS numbers 64365-23-7; 68937-54-2; 68938-54-5; 68937-55-3.
- Particularly suitable compounds dl) are those which contain the following structural elements: R 6 (1)
- R 10 is an organic radical of 1 to 40 carbon atoms
- radicals R 5 can be identical or different and either come from the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, are cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons with 3 to 20 C atoms, are aromatic in nature or are equal to R 9 , where:
- n is an integer from 1 to 6
- x and y are integers such that the molecular weight of the polysiloxane block is between 300 and 30000, a, b can be integers between 0 and 50, with the proviso that the sum of a and b is greater than 0 and c is 0 or 1.
- Preferred radicals R 6 and R 9 are those in which the sum of a + b is between 5 and 30.
- the groups R 5 are preferably selected from the following group: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl and octadecyl, cycloaliphatic radicals, especially cyclohexyl, aromatic groups, especially phenyl or naphthyl, mixed aromatic-aliphatic radicals such as benzyl or phenylethyl as well as tolyl and xylyl and R 9 .
- Particularly preferred silicone derivatives d) are those of the general structure:
- polymers d2) which have at least 50% by weight of vinyl alcohol units. These polymers preferably contain at least 70% by weight, very particularly preferably 80% by weight, of polyvinyl alcohol units. Such polymers are usually prepared by polymerizing a vinyl ester and then at least partially alcoholysis, aminolysis or hydrolysis. Vinyl esters of linear and branched C 1 -C 2 carboxylic acids are preferred, and vinyl acetate is very particularly preferred. The vinyl esters can of course also be used in a mixture.
- Comonomers of the vinyl ester for the synthesis of the graft base d2) are, for example, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, N-vinyl-4-methylimidazole, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride, 3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate, diallyl ammonium chloride, styrene, alkyl styrenes in question.
- Suitable comonomers for the preparation of the graft base d2) are, for example, monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 -carboxylic acids such as, for. As acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, and their esters, amides and nitriles such as. As methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate.
- Hydroxybutyl acrylate Hydroxyethylmethacryla, Hydroxypropylmethacrylat, Hydroxyisobutylacrylat, Hydroxyisobut lmethacryla, Monomethyl maleate, Dimethyl maleate, Monoethyl maleate, Diethyl maleate,
- Dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and the salts of the last-mentioned monomers with carboxylic acids or mineral acids and the quaternized products.
- Preferred graft bases d2) are polymers which are prepared by homopolymerization of vinyl acetate and subsequent at least partial hydrolysis, alcoholysis or aminolysis.
- Particularly preferred graft bases d2) are polymers which are prepared by homopolymerizing vinyl acetate and then at least partially saponifying. Such polymers containing polyvinyl alcohol units are available under the name Mowiol®.
- Starch and / or starch derivatives d3) are preferably used as component d). These include substances that contain saccharide structures. Such natural substances are, for example, saccharides of plant or animal origin or products which have been produced by metabolism by microorganisms, and their degradation products.
- Suitable graft bases d3) are, for example, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, oxidatively, enzymatically or hydrolytically degraded polysaccharides, oxidatively hydrolytically degraded or oxidatively enzymatically degraded polysaccharides, chemically modified oligo- or polysaccharides and Mixtures of these.
- Preferred products are the compounds mentioned in US Pat. No. 5,334,287 in column 4, line 20 to column 5, line 45.
- Suitable commercially available products are the C-Pur® and C-Dry® brands from Cerestar.
- mixtures of compounds of component d) can be used.
- a preferred embodiment is copolymers which can be obtained by copolymerization in the presence of at least one compound dl) which is selected from polyalkylene oxides, polyalkylene oxide-containing silicone derivatives and mixtures thereof.
- the copolymers according to the invention preferably have a K value (measured according to E. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie 13 (1932), pp. 58-64) on a 1% strength by weight solution in water in the range from about 30 to 300, particularly preferably 40 to 150.
- the polymers according to the invention are suitable for a large number of cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
- Polymers with a K value of up to about 50 can advantageously be formulated as sprays (aerosol and pump sprays).
- Polymers with a K value in a range from about 50 to 90 are advantageously suitable for gels and foams.
- Polymers with a K value of at least 80 are preferably suitable for shampoos and skin cosmetic applications.
- Preferred polymers can be obtained by radical polymerization of
- copolymers A) are prepared by customary processes known to those skilled in the art, preferably by solution polymerization and precipitation polymerization.
- Preferred solvents for solution polymerization are aqueous solvents, such as water and mixtures of water with water-miscible solvents, for example alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-hexanol and Cyclohexanol and glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol, and the methyl or ethyl ether of the dihydric alcohols, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol and dioxane.
- Polymerization in water or a water / alcohol mixture, for example in a water / ethanol mixture is particularly preferred.
- the ratio of alcohol to water in such mixtures is preferably in a range from 1: 1 to 1: 7 vol. -%.
- the precipitation polymerization takes place, for example, in an ester, such as ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, as the solvent.
- the resulting polymer particles precipitate out of the reaction solution and can be isolated by customary methods, such as filtration using negative pressure.
- polymers with higher molecular weights are generally obtained than in the case of solution polymerization.
- the polymerization temperatures are preferably in a range from about 30 to 120 ° C., particularly preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
- the polymerization is usually carried out under atmospheric pressure, but it can also take place under reduced or elevated pressure.
- a suitable pressure range is between 1 and 5 bar.
- the polyallylpolyether urethane and the monomers can be polymerized with the aid of initiators which form free radicals.
- the peroxo and / or azo compounds customary for this purpose can be used as initiators for the radical polymerization, for example alkali metal or ammonium peroxydisulfates,
- Initiator mixtures or redox initiator systems such as. B. ascorbic acid / iron (II) sulfate / sodium peroxodisulfate, tert. -Butyl hydroperoxide / sodium disulfite, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide / sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate, H 2 0 2 / Cu I.
- the amounts of initiator or initiator mixtures used, based on the monomers used, are generally between 0.01 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5% by weight.
- the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of at least one regulator.
- a regulator the usual compounds known to those skilled in the art, such as, for. B.
- Sulfur compounds e.g. B. mercaptoethanol, 2-ethylhexylthioglycolate, thioglycolic acid or dodecylmercaptan and tribromochloromethane or other compounds which act regulatingly on the molecular weight of the polymers obtained.
- a preferred regulator is cysteine.
- the polymerization (main polymerization) can be followed by a post-polymerization step.
- the post-polymerization can be carried out in the presence of the same or a different initiator system as the main polymerization.
- the postpolymerization preferably takes place at least at the same temperature, preferably at a higher temperature than the main polymerization.
- the temperature during the main and postpolymerization is preferably at most 90 ° C.
- the reaction mixture between the first and the second polymerization step is preferably subjected to stripping with steam or a steam distillation.
- an organic solvent used in the preparation of the polymers, this can be done by customary processes known to the person skilled in the art, eg. B. can be removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the polymerization is preferably carried out at a pH in the range from 5.5 to 8.0, particularly preferably from 5.6 to 7.5 and in particular from 5.8 to 7.3.
- a pH in the range from 5.5 to 8.0, particularly preferably from 5.6 to 7.5 and in particular from 5.8 to 7.3.
- the pH is adjusted by adding a suitable acid, such as Lactic acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid or by adding a base, preferably an amine, and in particular an amino alcohol, such as triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine or 2-amino-2-methylpropanol.
- Products with particularly high purity and correspondingly advantageous properties for use in cosmetics can be achieved if the reaction product is subjected to steam distillation or steam stripping after the polymerization, if appropriate before and / or after postpolymerization. This treatment with steam is also used for.
- the steam treatment is preferably carried out at least between main and post-polymerization.
- the pH of the polymerization product is preferably adjusted to a value of at most 6.5 before the steam treatment.
- the temperature of the water vapor used and the treated polymer solution is preferably at least 90 ° C.
- the polymer solutions can by various drying processes, such as. B. spray drying, fluidized spray drying, roller drying or freeze drying can be transferred in powder form. Spray drying is preferably used.
- the polymer dry powders obtained in this way can advantageously be converted again into an aqueous solution or dispersion by dissolving or redispersing them in water. Powdery copolymers have the advantage of better shelf life, easier transportation and generally have a lower tendency to attack.
- Another object of the invention is a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing
- At least one water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer as previously defined, and
- the cosmetically acceptable carrier B) is preferably selected from
- esters of Cg-C 3 o-monocarboxylic acids different from iii) with mono-, di- or trihydric alcohols
- the agents according to the invention have, for. B. an oil or fat component B), which is selected from: hydrocarbons of low polarity, such as mineral oils; linear saturated hydrocarbons, preferably with more than 8 carbon atoms, such as tetra-decane, hexadecane, octadecane, etc .; cyclic hydrocarbons such as decahydronaphthalene; branched hydrocarbons; animal and vegetable oils; To grow; Wax esters; Petroleum jelly;
- Esters preferably esters of fatty acids, such as.
- the esters of C ⁇ -C stearate 24 monoalcohols with C ⁇ -C 22 monocarboxylic acids such as Isopropyliso-, n-propyl myristate, iso-propyl myristate, n-propyl palmitate, iso-propyl palmitate, Hexacosanylpalmitat, Octacosanylpalmitat, Triacontanylpalmitat, Dotriacontanylpalmitat, Tetratriacontanyl- palmitate, hexacosanyl stearate, octacosanyl stearate, triacontanyl stearate, dotriacontanyl stearate, tetratriacontanyl stearate; Salicylates / like C ⁇ -C ⁇ o salicylates, z.
- Suitable silicone oils B) are e.g. B. linear polydimethylsiloxanes, poly (methylphenylsiloxanes), cyclic siloxanes and mixtures thereof.
- the number average molecular weight of the polydimethylsiloxanes and poly (methylphenylsiloxanes) is preferably in a range from about 1000 to 150,000 g / mol.
- Preferred cyclic siloxanes have 4- to 8-membered rings.
- Suitable cyclic siloxanes are e.g. B. commercially available under the name Cyclomethicone.
- Preferred oil or fat components B) are selected from paraffin and paraffin oils; Petroleum jelly; natural fats and oils, such as castor oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, semen oil, avocado oil, cocoa butter, almond oil, peach kernel oil, castor oil, cod liver oil, pork lard, walnut, spermacet oil, sperm oil, Wheat germ oil, macada nut oil, evening primrose oil, jojoba oil; Fatty alcohols, such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol; Fatty acids, such as myristic acid, stearic acid, palmic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and various saturated, unsaturated and substituted fatty acids; Waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax, candililla wax, walrus and mixtures of the oil or fat components mentioned above.
- Suitable cosmetically and pharmaceutically acceptable oil or fat components B) are described in Karl-Heinz Schrader, Fundamentals and Recipes for Cosmetics, 2nd edition, Verlag Wegig, Heidelberg, pp. 319-355, to which reference is made here.
- Suitable hydrophilic carriers B) are selected from water, 1-, 2- or polyhydric alcohols with preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, etc.
- the cosmetic agents according to the invention can be skin cosmetic, dermatological or hair cosmetic agents.
- the agents according to the invention are preferably in the form of a (low to high viscosity) solution of a gel, wax, foam, spray, ointment, cream, emulsion, suspension, lotion, milk or paste. If desired, liposomes or microspheres can also be used.
- the cosmetically or pharmaceutically active agents according to the invention can additionally contain cosmetically and / or dermatologically active substances and auxiliaries.
- the cosmetic compositions according to the invention preferably contain at least one copolymer A as defined above, at least one carrier B as defined above and at least one constituent different from copolymer A, which is selected from cosmetically active ingredients, emulsifiers, surfactants, preservatives, perfume oils, thickeners, hair polymers , Hair and skin conditioners, graft polymers, water-soluble or dispersible silicone-containing polymers, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, gelling agents, care agents, coloring agents, tinting agents, browning agents, dyes, pigments, consistency agents, moisturizers, refatting agents, antioxidants, lipid hydrides, protein hydrides, protein hydrides Defoamers, antistatic agents, emollients, plasticizers.
- a copolymer A as defined above
- carrier B as defined above
- constituent different from copolymer A which is selected from cosmetically active ingredients, emulsifiers, surfactants, preservatives, perfume oils, thickeners, hair polymers
- Suitable cosmetically and / or dermatologically active ingredients are e.g. B. coloring agents, skin and hair pigmentation agents, tinting agents, tanning agents, bleaching agents, keratin-curing agents, anti-microbial agents, light filter agents, repellent agents, hyperemising agents, keratolytic and keratoplastic agents, anti-dandruff agents, anti-inflammatory agents , keratinizing substances, anti-oxidative or active as a radical scavenger, skin moisturizing or moisturizing substances, moisturizing active substances, anti-erythematous or anti-allergic active substances and mixtures thereof.
- Artificially tanning agents that are suitable for tanning the skin without natural or artificial radiation with UV rays are, for. B. Dihydroxyacetone, Alloxan and walnut shell extract. Suitable keratin-curing substances are usually active substances, such as those used in antiperspirants, such as. As potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxychloride, aluminum lactate, etc. Antimicrobial agents are used to destroy microorganisms or to inhibit their growth and thus serve both as a preservative and as a deodorizing substance which reduces the formation or intensity of body odor. These include e.g. B.
- Suitable light filter agents are substances that absorb UV rays in the UV-B and / or UV-A range. Suitable UV filters are e.g. B.
- 2,4,6-tri-ryl-1, 3,5-triazines in which the aryl groups can each carry at least one substituent which is preferably selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, especially methoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, especially methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl and Mixtures of these.
- substituents which is preferably selected from hydroxy, alkoxy, especially methoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, especially methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl and Mixtures of these.
- Suitable repellent agents are compounds that are able to deter or drive away certain animals, especially insects, from humans. This includes e.g. B.
- Suitable hyperemising substances that stimulate the blood circulation to the skin are, for.
- Suitable keratolytic and keratoplastic substances are.
- Suitable antidandruff agents are e.g. B.
- Suitable anti-inflammatory drugs that counteract skin irritation are, for. B. allantoin, bisabolol, dragosantol, chamomile extract, panthenol, etc.
- the cosmetic compositions according to the invention can contain at least one cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable polymer different from compounds of component A) as a cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical active ingredient (as well as optionally as an auxiliary).
- a cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical active ingredient as well as optionally as an auxiliary.
- These generally include anionic, cationic, amphoteric and neutral polymers. These are preferably water-soluble or at least water-dispersible.
- anionic polymers are homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or their salts, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide and their salts; Sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, water-soluble or water-dispersible polyesters, polyurethanes, e.g. B. Luviset PUR® from BASF, and polyureas.
- Particularly suitable polymers are copolymers of t-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid (e.g. Luvimer® 100P), copolymers of ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid (e.g. Luviumer® MAE), copolymers of N-tert.
- anionic polymers are also vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, such as are commercially available, for example, under the names Resyn® (National Starch) and Gafset® (GAF) and vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, available, for example, under the Trademark Luviflex® (BASF).
- Suitable polymers are the vinyl pyrrolidone / acrylate terpolymer available under the name Luviflex® VBM-35 (BASF) and polyamides containing sodium sulfonate or polyester containing sodium sulfonate.
- Suitable polymers are cationic polymers with the name Polyquaternium according to INCI, z. B. copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® FC, Luviquat® HM, Luviquat® MS, Luviquat® Care), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, quaternized with diethyl sulfate (Luviquat® PQ N), copolymers -Vinylcaprolactam / N Vinylpyr- rolidone / N-vinylimidazolium salts (Luviquat® Hold); cationic cellulose derivatives (polyquaternium-4 and -10), acrylamidocopolymer (polyquaternium-7) and chitosan.
- Suitable cationic (quaternized) polymers are also Merquat® (polymer based on dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), Gafquat® (quaternary polymers which are formed by reaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone with quaternary ammonium compounds), polymer JR (hydroxyethyl cellulose with cationic groups) and cationic polymers based on plants Base, e.g. B. guar polymers, such as the Jaguar® brands from Rhodia.
- the polymers with (meth) acrylic acid amide units described in German patent application P 102 43 573.1 are also suitable.
- polystyrene resins are also neutral polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate and / or vinyl propionate, polysiloxanes, polyvinylcaprolactam and other copolymers with N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimines and their salts, polyvinylamines and their salts, cellulose derivatives, polyasole derivatives such as polyasol derivatives derivatives.
- Suitable polymers include, for example, Luviflex® Swing (partially saponified copolymer of polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene glycol, from BASF).
- Suitable polymers are also nonionic, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers or oligomers, such as polyvinylcaprolactam, for. B. Luviskol® Plus (BASF), or polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers, in particular with vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, for. B. Luviskol® VA 37 (BASF); Polyamides, e.g. B. based on itaconic acid and aliphatic diamines, such as z. B. are described in DE-A-43 33 238.
- Suitable polymers are also amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers, such as the octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers available under the names Aphomer® (National Starch), and zwitterionic polymers, as described, for example, in German patent applications DE 39 29 973, DE 21 50 557, DE 28 17 369 and DE 37 08 451 are disclosed.
- Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylic acid or methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts are preferred zwitterionic polymers.
- Suitable zwitterionic polymers are methacrylic ethyl betaine / methacrylate copolymers, which are commercially available under the name Amersette® (AMERCHOL), and copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid (Jordapon®).
- Suitable polymers are also nonionic, siloxane-containing, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, e.g. B. polyether siloxanes, such as Tegopren® (from Goldschmidt) or Belsil® (from Wacker).
- the formulation base of pharmaceutical agents according to the invention preferably contains pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- the excipients known to be usable in the field of pharmacy, food technology and related fields are pharmaceutically acceptable, in particular the excipients listed in relevant medical books (eg DAB Ph. Eur. BP NF) and other excipients, the properties of which do not conflict with a physiological application ,
- Suitable auxiliaries can be: lubricants, wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preservatives, anti-oxidants, anti-irritants, chelating agents, emulsion stabilizers, film-forming agents, gel-forming agents, odor masking agents, resins, hydrocolloids, solvents, solubilizers, neutralizing agents, permeation accelerators , quaternary ammonium compounds, refatting and superfatting agents, ointments,
- Cream or oil base materials silicone derivatives, stabilizers, sterilizers, blowing agents, drying agents, opacifiers, thickening agents, waxes, plasticizers, white oils.
- a design in this regard is based on expert knowledge, as is shown, for example, in Fiedler, H. P. Lexikon der Hilfsstoff für Pharmazie, Kosmetik and Adjacent Areas, 4th Edition, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag, 1996.
- the active ingredients can be mixed or diluted with a suitable excipient.
- Excipients can be solid, semi-solid or liquid materials that can serve as vehicles, carriers or media for the active ingredient. If desired, further auxiliaries are admixed in the manner known to the person skilled in the art.
- the agents according to the invention are a skin cleanser.
- Preferred skin cleansing agents are soaps of liquid to gel-like consistency, such as transparent soaps, luxury soaps, deodorant soaps, cream soaps, baby soaps, skin protection soaps, abrasive soaps and syndets, paste-like soaps, lubricating soaps and washing pastes, liquid washing, showering and bathing preparations, such as washing lotions, shower baths and -gels, foam baths, oil baths and scrub preparations.
- the agents according to the invention are cosmetic agents for the care and protection of the skin, nail care agents or preparations for decorative cosmetics.
- the skin care products according to the invention are in particular W / O or O / W skin creams, day and night creams, eye creams, face creams, anti-wrinkle creams, moisturizing creams, bleaching creams, vitamin creams, skin lotions, care lotions and moisturizing lotions.
- the polymers can contribute, among other things, to moisturizing and conditioning the skin and to improving the feeling on the skin.
- the polymers can also act as thickeners in the formulations. By adding the polymers according to the invention, a considerable improvement in skin tolerance can be achieved in certain formulations.
- Skin cosmetic and dermatological agents preferably contain at least one copolymer A) in a proportion of approximately 0.001 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably 0.1 to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent.
- Light stabilizers based on copolymers A) in particular have the property of increasing the residence time of the UV-absorbing substances in comparison to conventional auxiliaries such as polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the agents according to the invention can be used in a form suitable for skin care, such as. B. as a cream, foam, gel, stick, mousse, milk, spray (pump spray or spray containing blowing agent) or lotion.
- the skin cosmetic preparations can also contain other active ingredients and auxiliaries customary in skin cosmetics, as described above. These preferably include emulsifiers, preservatives, perfume oils, cosmetic active ingredients such as phytantriol, vitamins A, E and C, retinol, bisabolol, panthenol, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, colorants, tinting agents, tanning agents, collagen, protein hydrolyzates, stabilizers, pH regulators, dyes, salts, thickeners, gelling agents, consistency agents, silicones, humectants, refatting agents and other usual additives.
- active ingredients and auxiliaries customary in skin cosmetics as described above. These preferably include emulsifiers, preservatives, perfume oils, cosmetic active ingredients such as phytantriol, vitamins A, E and C, retinol, bisabolol, panthenol, light stabilizers, bleaching agents, colorants, tinting agents, tanning agents, collagen, protein hydrolyzates, stabilize
- Preferred oil and fat components of the skin cosmetic and dermatological agents are the aforementioned mineral and synthetic oils, such as, for. B. paraffins, silicone oils and aliphatic see hydrocarbons with more than 8 carbon atoms, animal and vegetable oils, such as. B. sunflower oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, olive oil, lanolin, or waxes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, such as. B. triglycerides of C 6 -C 30 fatty acids, wax esters, such as. B. jojoba oil, fatty alcohols, petroleum jelly, hydrogenated lanolin and acetylated lanolin and mixtures thereof.
- mineral and synthetic oils such as, for. B. paraffins, silicone oils and aliphatic see hydrocarbons with more than 8 carbon atoms, animal and vegetable oils, such as. B. sunflower oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, olive oil, lanolin, or waxes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, such as. B. triglycerides of C 6
- the polymers according to the invention can also be mixed with conventional polymers if special properties are to be set.
- the skin cosmetic and dermatological preparations can additionally also contain conditioning substances based on silicone compounds.
- Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyarylalkylsiloxanes, polyether siloxanes or silicone resins.
- the cosmetic or dermatological preparations are produced by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the cosmetic and dermatological agents are preferably in the form of emulsions, in particular in the form of water-in-oil (W / 0) or oil-in-water (O / W) emulsions.
- W / 0 water-in-oil
- O / W oil-in-water
- Emulsions are prepared by known methods.
- the emulsions generally contain customary constituents, such as fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and in particular fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acids, lanolin and derivatives thereof, natural or synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.
- customary constituents such as fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters and in particular fatty acid triglycerides, fatty acids, lanolin and derivatives thereof, natural or synthetic oils or waxes and emulsifiers in the presence of water.
- the choice of emulsion type specific additives and the preparation of suitable emulsions is described, for example, in Schrader, Basics and Recipes of the Kos etika, Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg, 2nd edition, 1989, third part, to which express reference is hereby made.
- a suitable emulsion e.g. B. for a skin cream, etc., generally contains an aqueous phase which is emulsified in an oil or fat phase by means of a suitable emulsifier system.
- the proportion of the emulsifier system in this type of emulsion is preferably about 4 and 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.
- the proportion of the fat phase is preferably about 20 to 60% by weight.
- the proportion of the aqueous phase is preferably about 20 and 70%, in each case based on the total weight of the emulsion.
- the emulsifiers are those which are usually used in this type of emulsion. You will e.g. B.
- -C 2 -C 8 sorbitan fatty acid esters selected from: -C 2 -C 8 sorbitan fatty acid esters; Esters of hydroxystearic acid and C 2 -C 3 o-fatty alcohols; Mono- and diesters of C 2 -C 8 fatty acids and glycerol or polyglycerol; Condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene glycols; oxypropylenated / oxyethylated C ⁇ 2 -C 8 fatty alcohols; polycyclic alcohols such as sterols; high molecular weight aliphatic alcohols such as lanolin; Mixtures of oxypropylene / polyglycerolated alcohols and magnesium isostearate; Succinic esters of polyoxyethylenated or polyoxypropylenated fatty alcohols; and mixtures of magnesium, calcium, lithium, zinc or aluminum lanolate and hydrogenated lanolin or lanolin alcohol.
- Preferred fat components which can be contained in the fat phase of the emulsions are: hydrocarbon oils, such as paraffin oil, purcellin oil, perhydrosqualene and solutions of microcrystalline waxes in these oils; animal or vegetable oils, such as sweet almond oil, avocado oil, calophylum oil, lanolin and derivatives thereof, castor oil, sesame oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, karite oil, hoplostethus oil; mineral oils whose distillation begins under atmospheric pressure at approx. 250 ° C and whose distillation end point is 410 ° C, such as B. Vaseline oil; Esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, such as alkyl myristates, e.g. B.
- the fat phase can also contain silicone oils soluble in other oils, such as dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane and the silicone glycol copolymer, fatty acids and fatty alcohols.
- waxes can also be used in addition to the polymers A), such as, for example, B. Carnauba wax, candililla wax, beeswax, microcrystalline wax, ozokerite wax and Ca, Mg and Al oleates, myristates, linoleates and stearates.
- the water-in-oil emulsions are prepared by placing the fat phase and the emulsifier in a batch container. It is heated at a temperature of about 50 to 75 ° C., then the oil-soluble active ingredients and / or auxiliaries are added and, with stirring, water is added which has previously been heated to about the same temperature and where appropriate the water-soluble ones Ingredients previously solved. The mixture is stirred until an emulsion of the desired fineness is obtained and then allowed to cool to room temperature, stirring less if necessary.
- the agents according to the invention are a shower gel, a shampoo formulation or a bath preparation.
- Such formulations contain at least one polymer A) and usually anionic surfactants as base surfactants and amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants as cosurfactants.
- suitable active substances and / or auxiliary substances are generally selected from lipids, perfume oils, dyes, organic acids, preservatives and antioxidants as well as thickeners / gel formers, skin conditioners and humectants.
- formulations preferably contain 2 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 8 to 30% by weight, of surfactants, based on the total weight of the formulation.
- All anionic, neutral, amphoteric or cationic surfactants commonly used in personal cleansing agents can be used in the washing, showering and bathing preparations.
- Suitable anionic surfactants include for example alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, Alkylsuc- cinate, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-Alkoylsarkosinate, acyl taurates, acyl isethionates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, especially the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, eg. As sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and ammonium and triethanolamine salts.
- alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts eg. As sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and ammonium and triethanolamine salts.
- the alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates can have between 1 and 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units, preferably 1 to 3 ethylene oxide units in the molecule.
- These include e.g. B. sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
- Suitable amphoteric surfactants are e.g. B. alkyl betaines, alkyl amido propyl betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphoacetates or propionates, alkyl amphodiacetates or dipropionates.
- cocodimethylsulfopropyl betaine cocodimethylsulfopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine or sodium cocamphopropionate can be used.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, the reaction products of aliphatic alcohols or alkylphenols with 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which can be linear or branched, with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
- the amount of alkylene oxide is about 6 to 60 moles per mole of alcohol.
- Alkylamine oxides, mono- or dialkylalkanolamides, fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycols, ethoxylated fatty acid amides, alkylpolyglycosides or sorbitan ether esters are also suitable.
- washing, showering and bathing preparations can contain conventional cationic surfactants, such as. B. quaternary ammonium compounds, for example cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
- shower gel / shampoo formulations thickeners such.
- B table salt, PEG-55, propylene glycol oleates, PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleates and others, and preservatives, other active ingredients and auxiliaries and water.
- the agents according to the invention are hair treatment agents.
- Hair treatment compositions according to the invention preferably contain at least one copolymer A) in an amount in the range from about 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
- the hair treatment compositions according to the invention are preferably in the form of a foaming agent, hair tonic, hair mousse, hair gel, shampoo, hair spray or hair foam.
- Hair sprays include both aerosol sprays and pump sprays without propellant.
- Hair foams include both aerosol foams and pump foams without propellant.
- Preferred hair treatment agents are in the form of a gel.
- Such a hair treatment composition contains, for example:
- At least one refatting agent preferably selected from glycerol and glycerol derivatives
- the hair treatment compositions can also be in the form of solutions (forming water or styling water), hair sprays or hair foams.
- Hair sprays and hair foams preferably comprise predominantly or exclusively water-soluble or water-dispersible components.
- the compounds used in the hair sprays and hair foams according to the invention are water-dispersible, they can be in the form of aqueous microdispersions with particle diameters of usually 1 to 350 nm, preferably 1 to 250 nm, can be used.
- the solids contents of these preparations are usually in a range from about 0.5 to 20% by weight.
- These microdispersions generally do not require any emulsifiers or surfactants to stabilize them.
- the hair treatment compositions according to the invention can generally contain customary cosmetic auxiliaries, for example plasticizers, such as glycerol and glycol; emollients; perfumes; surfactants; UV absorbers; dyes; antistatic agents; Combing agents; Preservatives; and defoamers.
- compositions according to the invention are formulated as a hairspray, they contain a sufficient amount of a blowing agent, for example a low-boiling hydrocarbon or ether, such as propane, butane, isobutane or dimethyl ether. Compressed gases such as nitrogen, air or carbon dioxide can also be used as blowing agents.
- the amount of blowing agent can be kept low so as not to unnecessarily increase the VOC content. It is then generally not more than 55% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. If desired, however, higher VOC contents of 85% by weight and above are also possible.
- polymers A) described above can also be used in combination with other hair polymers in the compositions.
- Suitable polymers are those described above.
- the other hair polymers are preferably present in amounts of up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
- a preferred hair treatment agent in the form of a hair spray or hair foam contains:
- a carrier selected from water and water-miscible solvents, preferably C 2 -C 6 alcohols, in particular ethanol, and mixtures thereof,
- a blowing agent preferably selected from dimethyl ether and alkanes, such as. B. propane / butane mixtures, d) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, of at least one hair polymer different from a), preferably a water-soluble or dispersible polymer,
- the component according to the invention can contain as component e) at least one nonionic, siloxane-containing, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer, in particular selected from the polyether siloxanes described above.
- the proportion of this component is then generally about 0.001 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
- copolymers A) are advantageously suitable for setting the rheological properties of formulations which contain them. They act as thickeners, so that the use of additional thickening substances can often be dispensed with or the amount used can at least be reduced.
- copolymers A) are advantageously used as auxiliaries in pharmacy, e.g. B. as a tablet coating agent, binder or coating of capsules, as or in coating agent (s) for the textile, paper, printing and leather industries and for agrochemicals.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a copolymer A as defined above by radical polymerization of the monomers a) with at least one further monomer selected from monomers b) and c) optionally in the presence of up to 25% by weight .-%, based on the total weight of components a) to d), of a water-soluble component d), characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in an aqueous solvent.
- polyallylpolyether urethane oligomers B to F were prepared analogously.
- the allyl polyether urethanes L to O (for which solvent-free or low-solvent production processes are given below) can also be prepared using this method.
- the polyallyl polyurethanes H to K were prepared analogously.
- Tegomer H-Si 2111: poly (dimethylsiloxane) diol, M w approx. 900, from Goldschmidt
- NPG neopentyl glycol
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- t-BAEMA tert. butylaminoethyl methacrylate III
- stage 1 solvent-free
- stage 2 in ethanol
- Example A In an apparatus as described in Example A, 57% of the total amount of polyethylene glycol used, the Pluriol® A 010R and the isophorone diisocyanate were converted to an isocyanate group-containing prepolymer in a solvent-free manner while heating to a temperature of about 80 ° C. After cooling to about 40 ° C., ethanol was added and the prepolymer was converted to the end product with the remaining amount of the polyethylene glycol, the Tegomer A-Si 2122 and the hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- PEG 1000 polyethylene glycol
- M w 1000
- Tegomer H-Si 2122 poly (dimethylsiloxane) diol
- M w approx. 1000
- Tegomer A-Si 2122 poly (dimethylsiloxane) diamine
- M w approx. 1000.
- Example 6 Copolymer from VP / MAM / VI / polyallylpolyether urethane A
- Feed 1 monomer mixture of:
- Wako V 50 [2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) - dihydrochloride] and 123 g water
- Wako V 50 [2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) - dihydrochloride] and 82 g water
- Feed 3 was then added over a period of 30 minutes at a temperature of 70 ° C., and the polymer solution was then polymerized for a further 2 hours at a temperature of approximately 80 ° C. The polymer solution was treated with steam for 2 hours. An approximately 30% aqueous microdispersion was obtained.
- Powdery products were obtained by spray drying or freeze drying. Analogously, all of the products listed in Table 2 below were polymerized.
- VP vinylpyrrolidone
- MAM methacrylic acid amide
- VFA • vinylformamide
- VI vinylimidazole
- QVI vinylimidazolium methyl chloride
- DADMAC diallyldimethylammonium chloride
- PAPEU 1 polyallypolyether urethane from allyl alcohol ethoxylate Pluriol® A 010R (example from BASF) and hexam (from BASF) and hexam
- PAPEU 2 polyallyl polyether urethane from allyl alcohol ethoxylate Pluriol® ST 4005 (from BASF) and isophorone diisocyanate (from Example G)
- Polymer 1-7 (30% aqueous solution) 10.0 glycerin 0.3
- Carbopol 940 (1% aqueous suspension) 30.0 carbomer
- Phase 2 forms a clear, firm gel into which phase 1 is slowly stirred.
- Polymer 1-7 (30% aqueous solution) 7.0 Luviskol VA 64 1.0 vinyl pyrrolidone vinyl acetate
- Carbopol 940 (1% aqueous suspension) 30.0 carbomer triethanolamine 0.5 distilled water. 20.0
- Phase 2 forms a clear, firm gel. Phase 1 is slowly stirred into phase 2.
- Polymer 1-12 (30% aqueous solution) 5.3 Natrosol 250 L (2% aqueous solution) 25.0 hydroxyethyl cellulose (Hercules)
- Polymer 1-14 (30% aqueous solution) 10.0 Luviskol®K 90 1.0 polyvinylpyrrolidone (K value 90, from BASF) Dest. Water 88.9
- VOC 10 hand pump spray Examples No. 67-73
- Polymer 1-7 (30% aqueous solution) 10.0 Belsil®DMC 6031 0.10 ethoxylated silicone (Goldschmidt)
- VOC 55 aerosol hairspray Examples No. 74-78
- Polymer 1-5 (30% aqueous solution) 3.0 Luviset®PUR (30% water / ethanol solution) 7.0 (PU dispersion from BASF)
- Polymer 1-12 (30% aqueous solution) 5.0 Cremophor A 25 (Ceteareth 25 / BASF) 0.2 Comperlan KD (Coamide DEA / Henkel) 0.1 Dest. Water. 84.6 Dimethyl ether (3.5 bar, 20 ° C) 10.0
- Other additives preservative, soluble ethoxylated silicone, perfume q.s.
- Cremophor A6 3.5 ceteareth-6
- Cremophor A6 1.5 Ceteareth-6 and
- Vitamin E acetate 1.0 tocopheryl acetate
- Tegiloxan 100 0.3 dimethicone nip-nip 0.1 methyl
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES03785844T ES2405591T3 (es) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Poliéter uretano que contiene grupos alilo |
US10/538,760 US7612160B2 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Polyether urethane containing allyl groups |
JP2004560447A JP4200136B2 (ja) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | アリル基を含むポリエーテルウレタン |
EP03785844A EP1576025B1 (de) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Allylgruppen-haltiges polyetherurethan |
AU2003294871A AU2003294871A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Polyether urethane containing allyl groups |
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DE10259036A DE10259036A1 (de) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Allylgruppen-haltiges Polyetherurethan |
DE10259036.2 | 2002-12-17 |
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PCT/EP2003/014357 WO2004055088A1 (de) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Allylgruppen-haltiges polyetherurethan |
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US (1) | US7612160B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1576025B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4200136B2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003294871A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10259036A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2405591T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004055088A1 (de) |
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WO2006000383A1 (de) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Wässrige dispersionen schwer wasserlöslicher oder wasserunlöslicher wirkstoffe und daraus hergestellte trockenpulver enthaltend mindestens ein polyethergruppen enthaltendes polymer als schutzkolloid |
US7319120B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2008-01-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Hydrophilic copolysiloxanes and method for the production thereof |
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WO2007082868A1 (de) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-07-26 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymeren in wässrigen lösungsmitteln |
CA2643608A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Basf Se | Process for preparing acrylate copolymers |
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JPWO2023058436A1 (de) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | ||
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- 2002-12-17 DE DE10259036A patent/DE10259036A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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- 2003-12-16 ES ES03785844T patent/ES2405591T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-16 AU AU2003294871A patent/AU2003294871A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-16 JP JP2004560447A patent/JP4200136B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-16 WO PCT/EP2003/014357 patent/WO2004055088A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-12-16 US US10/538,760 patent/US7612160B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-16 EP EP03785844A patent/EP1576025B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US6069217A (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 2000-05-30 | Rheox, Inc. | Urethane-acrylic copolymer thickening compositions for aqueous systems |
WO1999058100A1 (de) | 1998-05-14 | 1999-11-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Kosmetisches mittel |
WO2001085821A1 (de) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Polyurethan und essen verwendung zur modifizierung rheologischer eingenschaften |
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US7319120B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2008-01-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Hydrophilic copolysiloxanes and method for the production thereof |
WO2006000383A1 (de) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Wässrige dispersionen schwer wasserlöslicher oder wasserunlöslicher wirkstoffe und daraus hergestellte trockenpulver enthaltend mindestens ein polyethergruppen enthaltendes polymer als schutzkolloid |
CN109843380A (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-06-04 | 美国陶氏有机硅公司 | 用于涂层和粘合剂应用的共聚物组合物 |
CN109843380B (zh) * | 2016-09-19 | 2021-08-17 | 美国陶氏有机硅公司 | 用于涂层和粘合剂应用的共聚物组合物 |
CN109942823A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-28 | 江苏美思德化学股份有限公司 | 具有良好乳化性能的聚醚有机硅共聚物及合成方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060247403A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
JP4200136B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
ES2405591T3 (es) | 2013-05-31 |
AU2003294871A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 |
US7612160B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 |
JP2006509877A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
DE10259036A1 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1576025B1 (de) | 2013-02-20 |
EP1576025A1 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
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