WO2004040981A1 - Method for enriching co2 concentrations in a plant environment - Google Patents
Method for enriching co2 concentrations in a plant environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004040981A1 WO2004040981A1 PCT/ZA2003/000153 ZA0300153W WO2004040981A1 WO 2004040981 A1 WO2004040981 A1 WO 2004040981A1 ZA 0300153 W ZA0300153 W ZA 0300153W WO 2004040981 A1 WO2004040981 A1 WO 2004040981A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bicarbonate
- carbonate solution
- plant
- concentrations
- plant environment
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D7/00—Fertilisers producing carbon dioxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/04—Carbon disulfide; Carbon monoxide; Carbon dioxide
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of increasing CO 2 concentrations in a plant environment.
- the invention also extends to a solution suitable for treating plants to increase absorption of the available CO 2 concentrations.
- plants absorb C0 2 from the atmosphere by diffusion through the plant stomata. Once inside the leaf, C0 2 dissolves in water vapor in the stomatal space and in a thin water layer surrounding plant cells to form bicarbonate, according to the following basic reaction: H 2 O + CO 2 ⁇ HCO 3 " + H +
- the HCO 3 then diffuses into the plant cells and chloroplast where it is used in the production of photosynthates.
- the amount of C0 2 in normal atmospheric air is generally in the order of approximately 400 ⁇ mol mol "1 (ppm). In most C 3 -species, this level is non-saturating due to an effect of photorespiration. In contrast, most C 4 -species are saturated at around 400 ppm.
- Another problem associated with present methods of atmospheric C0 2 enrichment is the high costs associated with generation, transport and application of gaseous C0 2 .
- Yet a further practical difficulty is the containment of the CO 2 gas within a confined space, a specific surface area, for example within a green house or a particular field of crops.
- a method of increasing CO 2 concentrations in a plant environment the method providing for the application of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of plants.
- the method may include treating the plant foliage with a spray, mist or fog of the bicarbonate or carbonate solution, and/or treating the plant roots by means of irrigation, hydroponics, aeroponics or the like soilless treatment means.
- the solution may be prepared from a dilute bicarbonic and/or carbonic acid and/or from their various corresponding bicarbonate and/or carbonate salts. Also, it may be produced through the absorption and / or dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide gases into water or an aqueous solution. In addition, the solution may contain small amounts of various organic acids, such as methanoic, ethanoic (acetic), propionic or similar acids and/or their corresponding salts.
- various organic acids such as methanoic, ethanoic (acetic), propionic or similar acids and/or their corresponding salts.
- the method further may include the step of activating the bicarbonate or carbonate solution before application by introducing the same into an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit. More specifically, the method provides for the pre- application activation of the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to enhance ready availability of CO 2 to the plants in the form of bicarbonate ions, the method including the step of pre-treating the solution in a flow-through electrolytic module (FEM).
- FEM flow-through electrolytic module
- the concentration of salts in a feed stream to the electrolytic cell may be between 0.1 and 50g/l and preferably between about 2 and 3 g/l.
- the product stream from a 2 - 3 g/l feed stream may be diluted to a 20% or 1 in 5 solution, i.e. a concentration of 0.4 to 0.6 g/l in a final solution applied to the plants. It will however be appreciated that different plant species would require different concentrations.
- the method according to the invention of increasing C0 2 concentrations in a plant environment may be applied inter alia to fresh produce, including fresh flowers such as chrysanthemums, during the production of seedlings and plant tissue culture, and during the production of a variety of crops such as lettuce and tomatoes.
- Frequency of application may be dependent inter alia on plant identity, and weather, field and system conditions, but is typically done so as to ensure that at least the majority of plant leaves on each plant are wetted.
- foliage spray applications in the order of 24 times per day, preferably during daylight hours and for durations of from about 1 second to several minutes at a time.
- Optimal results were achieved with applications of 1 minute at a time, and at about 4 to 8 times a day.
- a bicarbonate or carbonate solution suitable for treating a plant environment so as to increase CO 2 concentrations within the plant environment, the bicarbonate or carbonate solution being characterized therein that it is treated in an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit before being applied to the plant environment.
- a bicarbonate or carbonate solution in the treatment of a plant environment so as to increase CO 2 concentrations within the plant environment.
- a method of treating plants so as to increase CO2 concentrations in the same providing for the application of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying .the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of the plants.
- C0 2 is applied in its bicarbonate form, which is the form in which CO 2 is naturally absorbed by the plant. This facilitates uptake and distribution in the plant.
- the limitations and expenses of enrichment with CO 2 gas can be overcome by applying CO 2 in the form of HCO 3 " .
- Figure 1 illustration of stunted root growth in anoiyte treated, hydropo ⁇ ically grown lettuce plants; root growth in the anoiyte water and anoiyte spray and water treated plants is clearly stunted, when compared with the control and anoiyte spray treated plants (from left to right: control, anoiyte spray, anoiyte spray and water, anoiyte water).
- FIG. 2 Illustration of increased growth rate of hydropo ⁇ ically grown lettuce treated with anoiyte; a clear gradient can be seen, with anoiyte water treated plants having the highest growth rate, followed by the anoiyte spray and water-, anoiyte spray treated, and control. From left to right: control, anoiyte spray, anoiyte spray and water, anoiyte water. Chlorophyll content was measured when tomatoes were harvested. The following table and graph shows the difference in chlorophyll content in the leaves of tomato plants.
- TREATMENT The following tables and graph show the firmness of tomatoes in various ripening stages and in all treatments.
- Vtamin c content invarious ripening stages of tomatoes The following tables and graph show the content of soluble sugars in various stages of tomatoes in ail treatment.
- Figure 3 Increased growth is visible in plant sprayed with anoiyte (B), when compared to the control (A).
- Figure 4 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the leaf of anoiyte watered plants before flower induction.
- Figure 5 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the leaf of anoiyte sprayed plants before flower induction.
- Figure 6 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the stem of anoiyte watered plants before flower induction.
- Figure 7 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the stem of anoiyte sprayed plants before flower induction.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of increasing CO2 concentrations in a plant environment and to a solution for use in treating plants so as to increase CO2 concentrations in the same. The method comprises the step of applying a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of plants. The method may include the step of pre-activating the bicarbonate or carbonate solution before application to enhance ready availability of CO2 to the plants in the form of bicarbonate ions, by pre-treating the solution in a flow-through electrolytic module. The bicarbonate or carbonate solution is prepared from a dilute bicarbonic and/or carbonic acid and/or from their various corresponding bicarbonate and/or carbonate salts, and may also contain small amounts of various organic acids, such as methanoic, ethanoic (acetic), propionic or similar acids and/or their corresponding salts.
Description
METHOD FOR ENRICHING CO2 CONCENTRATIONS IN A PLANT ENVIRONMENT
INTRODUCTION This invention relates to a method of increasing CO2 concentrations in a plant environment. The invention also extends to a solution suitable for treating plants to increase absorption of the available CO2 concentrations.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION It is generally appreciated that the process of photosynthesis is the primary mechanism of energy input into the living world. Photosynthesis, which occurs in all plants, basically involves oxidation of water and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce organic compounds such as carbohydrates. It is these organic compounds that serve as a source of energy and as carbon skeletons for normal metabolism and production of biomass. The overall reaction can be summarized as follows:
6CO2 + 6H20 + sunlight ► C6Hι2 O6 + 6O2
It is estimated that the world primary production due to photosynthetic activity exceeds 170 gigatons (170 x 109 metric tonnes) of dry plant matter per annum. This translates to an annual fixation in excess of 70 billion metric tons of carbon per year.
According to the process of photosynthesis, plants absorb C02 from the atmosphere by diffusion through the plant stomata. Once inside the leaf, C02 dissolves in water vapor in the stomatal space and in a thin water layer surrounding plant cells to form bicarbonate, according to the following basic reaction:
H2O + CO2 ► HCO3 " + H+
The HCO3 " then diffuses into the plant cells and chloroplast where it is used in the production of photosynthates.
The amount of C02 in normal atmospheric air is generally in the order of approximately 400 μmol mol"1 (ppm). In most C3-species, this level is non-saturating due to an effect of photorespiration. In contrast, most C4-species are saturated at around 400 ppm.
It is generally appreciated by those engaged in the industry that photosynthetic rates are enhanced by higher concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere, resulting in higher productivity and increased rates of photosynthesis. An increase in CO2 concentration causes a decrease in photorespiration, resulting in increased CO2 absorption by the plant. Accordingly, growers of greenhouse crops commonly enrich the atmosphere within a greenhouse with CO2 in order to increase yields. The CO2 levels in a greenhouse atmosphere can often be increased to as high as 1000 to 1200 ppm before resulting in stomatal closure and phytotoxicity. Enrichment is usually not done outside enclosed environments, because any air movement easily blows the CO2 gas away.
In recent years, mostly due to an increase in the concentration of "greenhouse" gasses, most notably CO2, there have been quite a few studies conducted on the effect of increased C02 concentration on photosynthesis, various ecological niches and the environment as a whole. A review paper by Bazzaz and Fajer (Plant life in a CO∑-rich world, Scientific American, January 1992, 18-24) confirms a general beneficial effect in the form of increased rates of photosynthesis and yield in many plant species when
gaseous atmospheric CO2 concentration is increased. However, one of the disadvantages reported by some researches with regard to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is the apparent detrimental effects suffered by other plant species when present in a mixed or multi-species plant community and also possibly by some species of insects and even animals higher up in the food chain. It appears as if the main cause of the detrimental effects experienced by some plant species, under conditions where gaseous atmospheric C02 concentrations were increased, is the indiscriminate application of CO2 gas.
Another problem associated with present methods of atmospheric C02 enrichment is the high costs associated with generation, transport and application of gaseous C02. Yet a further practical difficulty is the containment of the CO2 gas within a confined space, a specific surface area, for example within a green house or a particular field of crops.
Another major problem with the present practice is that due to global warming, international conventions have imposed limits on the discharge of "greenhouse" gasses, including CO2. As a result the use of gaseous C02 is, at best, a temporary measure.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a method of increasing C02 concentrations in a plant environment that will overcome or minimize some of the detrimental effects experienced by conventional methods and processes of increasing CO2 concentrations, or at least to provide a useful alternative to such methods.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a solution suitable for treating a plant environment so as to increase CO2 concentrations within the plant environment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention there is provided a method of increasing CO2 concentrations in a plant environment, the method providing for the application of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of plants.
The method may include treating the plant foliage with a spray, mist or fog of the bicarbonate or carbonate solution, and/or treating the plant roots by means of irrigation, hydroponics, aeroponics or the like soilless treatment means.
The solution may be prepared from a dilute bicarbonic and/or carbonic acid and/or from their various corresponding bicarbonate and/or carbonate salts. Also, it may be produced through the absorption and / or dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide gases into water or an aqueous solution. In addition, the solution may contain small amounts of various organic acids, such as methanoic, ethanoic (acetic), propionic or similar acids and/or their corresponding salts.
The method further may include the step of activating the bicarbonate or carbonate solution before application by introducing the same into an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit. More specifically, the method provides for the pre- application activation of the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to enhance ready availability of CO2 to the plants in the form of bicarbonate ions, the method including the step of pre-treating the solution in a flow-through electrolytic module (FEM).
The concentration of salts in a feed stream to the electrolytic cell may be between 0.1 and 50g/l and preferably between about 2 and 3 g/l. The product stream from a 2 - 3 g/l feed stream may be diluted to a 20% or 1 in 5 solution, i.e. a concentration of 0.4 to 0.6 g/l in a final solution applied to the plants. It will however be appreciated that different plant species would require different concentrations.
The method according to the invention of increasing C02 concentrations in a plant environment may be applied inter alia to fresh produce, including fresh flowers such as chrysanthemums, during the production of seedlings and plant tissue culture, and during the production of a variety of crops such as lettuce and tomatoes.
Frequency of application may be dependent inter alia on plant identity, and weather, field and system conditions, but is typically done so as to ensure that at least the majority of plant leaves on each plant are wetted. Depending on the plant species and the prevailing weather, field and system conditions, the applicant has found good results with foliage spray applications in the order of 24 times per day, preferably during daylight hours and for durations of from about 1 second to several minutes at a time. Optimal results were achieved with applications of 1 minute at a time, and at about 4 to 8 times a day.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a bicarbonate or carbonate solution suitable for treating a plant environment so as to increase CO2 concentrations within the plant environment, the bicarbonate or carbonate solution being characterized therein that it is treated in an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit before being applied to the plant environment.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution in the treatment of a plant environment so as to increase CO2 concentrations within the plant environment.
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating plants so as to increase CO2 concentrations in the same, the method providing for the application of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying .the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of the plants.
The applicant believes that this method of increasing C02 concentrations in a plant environment permits judicious choice in the simultaneous application of CO2 at various appropriate concentrations to different crops. Not only can concentration levels be controlled accurately, but also applications can be limited to designated target areas. Furthermore, C02 is applied in its bicarbonate form, which is the form in which CO2 is naturally absorbed by the plant. This facilitates uptake and distribution in the plant. In addition, the limitations and expenses of enrichment with CO2 gas can be overcome by applying CO2 in the form of HCO3 ".
SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Without limiting the scope thereof, the invention will now further be illustrated and exemplified with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
Figure 1 illustration of stunted root growth in anoiyte treated, hydropoπically grown lettuce plants; root growth in the anoiyte water and anoiyte spray and water treated plants is clearly stunted, when compared with the control and anoiyte spray treated plants (from left to right: control, anoiyte spray, anoiyte spray and water, anoiyte water).
wth rate results:
Figure 2 Illustration of increased growth rate of hydropoπically grown lettuce treated with anoiyte; a clear gradient can be seen, with anoiyte water treated plants having the highest growth rate, followed by the anoiyte spray and water-, anoiyte spray treated, and control. From left to right: control, anoiyte spray, anoiyte spray
and water, anoiyte water.
Chlorophyll content was measured when tomatoes were harvested. The following table and graph shows the difference in chlorophyll content in the leaves of tomato plants.
TABLE ι CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT [SPAD]
CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN TOMATO PLANTS
Vtamin c content invarious ripening stages of tomatoes
The following tables and graph show the content of soluble sugars in various stages of tomatoes in ail treatment.
THE EFFECT OF ANOLYTE ON YIELD OF TOMATOES
D Control 3 Spray treatment D Spray & water treatment
THE EFFECT OF ANOLYTE ON GROWTH (STEM DIAMETER)
OF TOMATO PLANTS
EFFECT OF ANOLYTE ON GROWTH (PLANT HEIGHT) OF
TOMATO PLANTS.
! □ Contro 3 spray tratment D Spray & water treatment
Figure 3 Increased growth is visible in plant sprayed with anoiyte (B), when compared to the control (A).
Figure 4 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the leaf of anoiyte watered plants before flower induction.
Figure 5 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the leaf of anoiyte sprayed plants before flower induction.
Figure 6 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the stem of anoiyte watered plants before flower induction.
Figure 7 Cross-section of vascular tissue in the stem of anoiyte sprayed plants before flower induction.
Figure 8 Control (left), and EAW treated tomato plants (right) at ZZ2 in the Limpopo province
90 o o o
O
90 o Figure 9 Control (left) and EAW treated Macadamia nut seedlings (for two weeks), Limpopo Province o o
O
90 Figure 10. Control (foreground) and EAW treated lettuce in the background (two weeks old) , North of Pretoria
©
© ©
O
Figure 11. Control (left, top and bottom) and EAW treated (right, top and bottom) lettuce, Johannesburg
TRIAL RESULTS: RADICAL WATERS
C5 IΛ
© BLOCK 6 ©
© RW.0.66Ha KTRL. 1.4Ha
© ©
H Uα.
90
© ©
O
Claims
1. A method of increasing available CO2 concentrations in a plant environment, the method comprising the step of applying a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of plants.
2. A method of treating plants so as to increase available CO2 concentrations in the same, the method comprising the step of applying a bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant environment, and more specifically applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to roots and/or foliage of the plants.
3. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2 including the step of treating plant foliage with a spray, mist or fog of the bicarbonate or carbonate solution, and/or treating plant roots by means of irrigation, hydroponics, aeroponics or the like soilless treatment means.
4. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2 including the step of activating the bicarbonate or carbonate solution before application by introducing the same into an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4 including the step of pre-activating the bicarbonate or carbonate solution in a flow-through electrolytic module before application to enhance ready availability of CO2 to the plants in the form of bicarbonate ions.
6. The method as claimed in claims 1 or 2 including the step of applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant foliage in such a manner that at least the majority of plant leaves on each plant are wetted.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 including the step of applying the bicarbonate or carbonate solution to the plant foliage in the order of 12 times per day, preferably during daylight hours and for durations of from about 1 second to several minutes at a time, and optimally for about 1 minute at a time, about 4 to 8 times a day.
8. A bicarbonate or carbonate solution suitable for treating a plant environment so as to increase CO2 concentrations within the plant environment, the bicarbonate or carbonate solution being characterized therein that it is prepared from a dilute bicarbonic and/or carbonic acid and/or from their various corresponding bicarbonate and/or carbonate salts, or through absorption and/or dissolution of gaseous carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide gases into water or an aqueous solution.
9. The bicarbonate or carbonate solution as claimed in claim 8 characterised therein that it is treated in an electrolytic cell or an electrochemical activation unit before being applied to the plant environment.
10. The bicarbonate or carbonate solution as claimed in claim 8 characterised therein that the solution contains small amounts of various organic acids, such as methanoic, ethanoic (acetic), propionic or similar acids and/or their corresponding salts.
11. The bicarbonate or carbonate solution as claimed in claim 8 characterised therein that the concentration of salts in a feed stream to the electrolytic cell are between 0.1 and 50 g/l and preferably between about 2 and 3 g/l, after which a product stream from a 2 - 3 g/l feed stream is diluted to a 20% or 1 in 5 solution, i.e. a concentration of 0.4 to 0.6 g/l, in a final solution applied to the plant environment.
12. Use of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution in the treatment of a plant environment so as to increase CO2 concentrations within the plant environment.
13. The use of a bicarbonate or carbonate solution as claimed in claim 12 in the treatment of fresh produce, including fresh flowers such as chrysanthemums, during the production of seedlings and plant tissue culture, and during the production of a variety of crops such as lettuce and tomatoes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003279299A AU2003279299A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2003-10-17 | Method for enriching co2 concentrations in a plant environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200208566 | 2002-10-23 | ||
| ZA02/8566 | 2002-10-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004040981A1 true WO2004040981A1 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
| WO2004040981A9 WO2004040981A9 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
Family
ID=32313376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ZA2003/000153 WO2004040981A1 (en) | 2002-10-23 | 2003-10-17 | Method for enriching co2 concentrations in a plant environment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003279299A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004040981A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2066599A2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2009-06-10 | Carbon Stimulated Growth (Propriety) Limited | Nutrient feed solution |
| WO2016038588A1 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-17 | University Of Johannesburg | Apparatus for preparing and applying a foliar spray |
| WO2021035331A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | CO2 GRO Inc. | Foliar spraying using drones |
| DE102020119337A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | Nico Jany | Circulatory system for the production of plants and fungi |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1010773A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1965-11-24 | Soil Fertility Ltd | Fertilisers |
| US3532485A (en) * | 1969-08-04 | 1970-10-06 | George Dunning Stevens | Method for enhancing plant growth |
| US3647411A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1972-03-07 | George D Stevens | Packaged composition for enhancing the growth of plants |
| DE3341745A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-05-30 | Technica Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2418 Ratzeburg | Method of improving the vegetation conditions for outdoor cultures by treatment of the soil, in particular for diseased forests |
| GB2205723A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-21 | Norman David Weiss | Growing plants |
| JPH02192485A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1990-07-30 | Apa:Kk | Carbon dioxide supplying agent for water grass |
| CN1115748A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | 杨记磙 | Gaseous CO2 fertilizer |
| US5552366A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1996-09-03 | Lhoist Recherche Et Developpment S.A. | Method of foliar application of magnesium hydrogen carbonate |
| JPH10229708A (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-09-02 | Furukawa Co Ltd | Method for accelerating germination |
| JP2002096066A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Takahashi Kinzoku Kk | Method of preparing washing water and washing water |
| US6447437B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-09-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions |
| RU2189960C1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-09-27 | Чиков Владимир Иванович | Agent for agriculture crop yield enhancement |
| WO2003042112A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Radical Waters (Ip) (Pty) Limited | Electrochemically activated carbonate and bicarbonate salt solutions |
| WO2003045446A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-06-05 | Radical Waters (Ip) (Pty) Limited | Method for the management and/or treatment of microbially contaminated environments and the use of a new class of microbicidal reagents in such management |
-
2003
- 2003-10-17 WO PCT/ZA2003/000153 patent/WO2004040981A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-17 AU AU2003279299A patent/AU2003279299A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1010773A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1965-11-24 | Soil Fertility Ltd | Fertilisers |
| US3532485A (en) * | 1969-08-04 | 1970-10-06 | George Dunning Stevens | Method for enhancing plant growth |
| US3647411A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1972-03-07 | George D Stevens | Packaged composition for enhancing the growth of plants |
| DE3341745A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-05-30 | Technica Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2418 Ratzeburg | Method of improving the vegetation conditions for outdoor cultures by treatment of the soil, in particular for diseased forests |
| GB2205723A (en) * | 1987-06-17 | 1988-12-21 | Norman David Weiss | Growing plants |
| JPH02192485A (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1990-07-30 | Apa:Kk | Carbon dioxide supplying agent for water grass |
| US5552366A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1996-09-03 | Lhoist Recherche Et Developpment S.A. | Method of foliar application of magnesium hydrogen carbonate |
| CN1115748A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | 杨记磙 | Gaseous CO2 fertilizer |
| JPH10229708A (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-09-02 | Furukawa Co Ltd | Method for accelerating germination |
| US6447437B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-09-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions |
| JP2002096066A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Takahashi Kinzoku Kk | Method of preparing washing water and washing water |
| RU2189960C1 (en) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-09-27 | Чиков Владимир Иванович | Agent for agriculture crop yield enhancement |
| WO2003045446A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-06-05 | Radical Waters (Ip) (Pty) Limited | Method for the management and/or treatment of microbially contaminated environments and the use of a new class of microbicidal reagents in such management |
| WO2003042112A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-22 | Radical Waters (Ip) (Pty) Limited | Electrochemically activated carbonate and bicarbonate salt solutions |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199036, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 1990-272053, XP002272758 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199741, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 1997-436027, XP002272757 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 200301, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 2003-013651, XP002272756 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 199845, Derwent World Patents Index; Class P11, AN 1998-524124, XP002272755 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2002, no. 8 5 August 2002 (2002-08-05) * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2066599A2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2009-06-10 | Carbon Stimulated Growth (Propriety) Limited | Nutrient feed solution |
| WO2016038588A1 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-17 | University Of Johannesburg | Apparatus for preparing and applying a foliar spray |
| CN107105616A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-08-29 | 约翰内斯堡大学 | For preparing and using the equipment of blade face spray |
| CN107105616B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2021-03-05 | 约翰内斯堡大学 | Apparatus for preparing and applying foliar spray |
| US10993378B2 (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2021-05-04 | University Of Johannesburg | Apparatus for preparing and applying a foliar spray |
| WO2021035331A1 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | CO2 GRO Inc. | Foliar spraying using drones |
| DE102020119337A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | Nico Jany | Circulatory system for the production of plants and fungi |
| DE102020119337A9 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2022-07-28 | Nico Jany | Circulatory system for the production of biomolecules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003279299A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
| AU2003279299A8 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
| WO2004040981A9 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Adams | Crop nutrition in hydroponics | |
| Heeb et al. | Effects of nitrate‐, ammonium‐, and organic‐nitrogen‐based fertilizers on growth and yield of tomatoes | |
| CN107683087B (en) | Nutritional system | |
| RU2013104363A (en) | ELECTROCHEMICALLY PROCESSED NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS | |
| Cirillo et al. | The influence of deficit irrigation on growth, ornamental quality, and water use efficiency of three potted Bougainvillea genotypes grown in two shapes | |
| US5992090A (en) | Process for producing vegetative and tuber growth regulator | |
| Kataoka et al. | Effect of organo-mineral fertilizer on tomato fruit production and incidence of blossom-end rot under salinity | |
| WO2004040981A1 (en) | Method for enriching co2 concentrations in a plant environment | |
| CN109691311A (en) | A kind of high fruit-tree grafting method for meeting saving of labor | |
| JP4456410B2 (en) | Plant growth method | |
| Clark | The immediate effect of severing on the photosynthetic rate of Norway spruce branches | |
| Lopez et al. | Effects of varying sulfate concentrations and vapor pressure deficits (VPD) on greenhouse tomato fruit quality, foliar nutrient concentration and amino acid components | |
| JPS6360905A (en) | Growth promoting adjuvant water for cultivating plant such as field crop or the like | |
| Islam et al. | Effects of cultural methods on quality and postharvest physiology of cherry tomato | |
| Kobayashi et al. | Growth and nutrient absorption of grapes as affected by soil aeration. I With non-bearing Delaware grapes | |
| Adams | Some effects of root temperature on the growth and calcium status of tomatoes | |
| OKANO et al. | Control of fruit quality by salinity stress at various fruit development stages of single-truss tomato grown in hydroponics | |
| Nestby et al. | Foliar uptake and partitioning of urea-N by strawberry plants as affected by timing of supply and plant N status | |
| CN116941469B (en) | Labor-saving cultivation method for grapes | |
| KR102546127B1 (en) | The oxygen generation composition for the soil for growing crops and feeding method using the same | |
| Neocleous et al. | Assessment of different strategies to balance high Mg levels in the irrigation water when preparing nutrient solution for soilless strawberry crops | |
| Martinson | How Grapevine Roots Grow | |
| Johnson et al. | Tomato growth and fruit quality in soilless culture | |
| AU2022229687A1 (en) | A composition and process for improving a plant's ability to reduce atmospheric co2 | |
| ESFAHANI et al. | Effect of gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate on the quality and quantity (Gladiolus grandiflorus) in Isfahan |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| COP | Corrected version of pamphlet |
Free format text: REPLACE (29 PAGES) BY NEW (31 PAGES) |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
| 32PN | Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established |
Free format text: NOTING THE LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 69(1) EPC. |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: JP |