WO2004040487A2 - Verfahren zur bestimmung einer vorlaufzeit - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung einer vorlaufzeit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004040487A2 WO2004040487A2 PCT/EP2003/010510 EP0310510W WO2004040487A2 WO 2004040487 A2 WO2004040487 A2 WO 2004040487A2 EP 0310510 W EP0310510 W EP 0310510W WO 2004040487 A2 WO2004040487 A2 WO 2004040487A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- curve
- inventory
- time
- delivery
- product
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
- G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for automatically determining a correction period for correcting an actual lead time for the delivery of a preliminary product, which is produced by a delivery member of a manufacturing network.
- a complex end product e.g. B. a motor vehicle
- two delivery members A and B deliver two preliminary products V_A and V_B to a subsequent delivery member, which creates an intermediate product and uses the preliminary products V_A and V_B for this.
- the intermediate product is sent to a further downstream supplier or to an end customer in the production network, e.g. B. a manufacturer of motor vehicles supplied.
- the preliminary product whose lead time is to be determined, is produced by a specific supplier in the manufacturing network.
- the stock and demand of the preliminary product are measured by multiples of a given base quantity.
- the base quantity is, for example, a piece of the primary product.
- the term “lead time” for a specific preliminary product denotes the period of time between the completion of a specific quantity of the preliminary product by a delivery member and the use of this quantity in a final of the manufacturing network passes.
- the end user uses the quantity, for example, by incorporating intermediate products, which subsequent delivery members manufacture using the preliminary product, into their end product.
- Knowing the correct lead time for the primary product is a critical factor for both the manufacturer of the primary product and the end customer - especially when the end customer's needs fluctuate over time.
- a fluctuating demand is caused, for example, by a temporally variable demand for the end product or by customer-specific manufacture of the end product, in which the preliminary product is only used in a few variants of the end product and the end product is only manufactured after a customer order has been received. If it is assumed that the lead time is too long or too short, the supplier who manufactures the preliminary product reacts too early or too late to changes in requirements for the preliminary product. Then delivery bottlenecks can occur, as a result of which the end customer cannot meet customer requests in good time.
- Delivery members are expected to be able to react flexibly to changes in demand and to increase or decrease their production as required. Therefore, a method is desired to determine the lead time, the time period between completion by the delivery member and use by the end user should be independent of the finished quantity of the preliminary product.
- a classic approach is to define the "local lead times" between a delivery member and an immediate telbar add subsequent supply link and thus determine a lead time for the period between the completion of a delivery link and use at the end customer.
- US 5,231,567 discloses a production planning system which u. a. the lead time is determined from a production capacity and a work demand which changes over time. In essence, the system generates a production plan with temporal statements.
- a device for estimating the Lead time estimate module that uses a lead time estimate command to determine a lead time from data about manufacturing capacity and demand.
- the lead time is dependent on changed manufacturing capacity using adjustment data (capacity adjustment data ") changed.
- a neural network is used which has capacity and demand as input variables and the lead time as output variable. Reference is made to a textbook on the theory of neural networks.
- a neural network is trained with random samples, which in this case consist of previously determined pairs of values for capacity, demand and lead time. To determine The determination of the lead time for given values for capacity and demand "generalizes" a neural network over the samples. In this way, lead times from the past are continued into the future, even if these have not proven to be optimal.
- the document shows no way, How improvements in the manufacturing system, for example, which lead to a better, less disruptive material flow, are taken into account Another limitation is that the estimation of the lead time requires knowledge of the respective manufacturing capacity.
- US 5,819,232 discloses a method for regulating an inventory.
- the customer's needs are predicted, taking possible fluctuations in demand into account.
- An upper and a lower barrier are determined for the inventory.
- the production plan is determined so that the actual inventory is between the upper and lower bounds.
- the lead time for a customer order (“customer order lead time") is taken into account, it must be known sufficiently well. It is not disclosed how this lead time is determined.
- the Expressing lead time is also required to determine the parameters of the random variable, and lead times are carried forward from the past to the future.
- a simulation system for planning the dispatch of goods is known from JP 11175636.
- a processing time for each individual process is required.
- JP 08096037 * discloses a device for determining a schedule ("calendar calculation device").
- a composite device for constructing a schedule (“calendar table") with access to two schedules for calendar days and for dates of work steps generates a composite schedule.
- a calculation unit accesses this schedule and a data memory with boundary conditions and generates a calculation result, e.g. B. a lead time. It is not disclosed how this calculation is carried out.
- JP 08287149 discloses a method for production planning. The task is to determine the time delay between two consecutive delivery links. Delivery dates at the end customer and derived dates for the completion of preliminary products ("passing reference days") are determined using measurement data from the date of delivery. A complete knowledge of the delivery members is required, as they can be available with different delivery members in a company, but in generally not for legally independent delivery members.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method that optimizes a lead time for a preliminary product of a delivery link in a manufacturing network without a model of the manufacturing network or the knowledge of manufacturing capacities are required.
- the method should also be applicable if the demand for the preliminary product changes over time.
- the invention provides that a target delivery curve and an inventory curve are determined.
- the target delivery curve gives the quantity of the delivery to be delivered for several points in time based on the needs of an end user of the production network Intermediate product.
- the times and quantities of the target delivery curve relate to the delivery element, e.g.
- the target quantities are based on the point in time at which the manufactured copies of the preliminary product leave the manufacturing facility of the delivery member.
- the inventory curve shows the quantity of the preliminary product that has been completed by the supply link and has not yet been used by a subsequent delivery link.
- a correction period for the actual lead time is selected by selecting from a set of possible times. For this, a simulation inventory curve is calculated for every possible period of time.
- Such a simulation inventory curve for a possible period of time indicates, for several points in time, which quantity of the preliminary product would have been completed by the supplier at the respective point in time and would not have been used by a subsequent supplier if the lead time required by the supplier for the preliminary product by the period compared to Actual lead time would have been changed.
- the target delivery curve and the inventory curve are used to calculate such a simulation inventory curve.
- a time period that is optimal with regard to an optimization criterion is selected as the correction time period.
- This optimization criterion is based on the calculated simulation inventory curves. For example, the optimization criterion is the spread of a simulation inventory curve.
- the possible time period is selected as the correction time period that leads to a simulation inventory curve that has the least variation among all simulation inventory curves.
- the determined correction period is optimal for the actually valid inventory and requirement values and thus for the current manufacturing process.
- the process avoids updating, generalizing or extrapolating past values for the future. It is not necessary to treat the lead time as a random statistical variable or to train a neural network that runtime predicts. Thanks to the invention, in particular the optimization criterion, a certain period of time is determined automatically, comprehensibly, repeatably and objectively as the lead time.
- the process does not require any information about the production network or about other delivery elements, but only an inventory curve for the delivery element that produces the preliminary product and a target delivery curve from the perspective of the delivery element. Furthermore, no knowledge of or a model z. B. with individual process steps or periods of time for manufacturing steps in the manufacture of the preliminary product or an intermediate or end product, for the manufacture of which the preliminary product is used. This advantage comes into play particularly when the manufacturing network comprises legally independent companies and an end user does not know the manufacturing processes of a delivery member in detail. It is not even necessary to know the actual lead time for the preliminary product. The procedure does not require knowledge of this parameter. In an embodiment described below, on the other hand, the actual lead time is determined and used to determine the target delivery curve. The actual lead time is e.g. B. determined from operating logs, from specifications for the delivery member or based on an estimate.
- the method according to the invention determines a correction period, in particular when the demand fluctuates around a constant mean value, and also when the average demand and thus a line of compensation increases or decreases due to the target delivery curve.
- the latter is the case, for example, when the end user starts up the production of a new series or shuts down the production of an expiring series.
- the method does not evaluate a model and no neural network, the method requires little computing capacity and little computing time.
- the data for the Processes according to the invention are required anyway, in particular in the case of series production.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a manufacturing network of delivery members.
- FIG. 5 shows the inventory curve from FIG. 4 and a final customer demand curve derived from FIG. 4 for the preliminary product
- FIG. 6 shows the inventory curve from FIG. 4 and a target delivery curve derived from FIG. 5 for the preliminary product
- FIG. 7 shows two simulation inventory curves for the possible time period 0 days (top) and 3 days (bottom) on the basis of the target delivery curve and the inventory curve from FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 shows two further simulation inventory curves for the possible time period 5 days (top) and -2 days (bottom) on the basis of the target delivery curve and the inventory curve from FIG. 6;
- Fig. 10 Target delivery curve and inventory curve for lot size production
- Fig. 11 A simulation inventory curve and one adjusted for the effects of lot size manufacturing Simulation inventory curve for the example of FIG. 10.
- FIG. 1 shows an image of a manufacturing network in which preliminary and intermediate products 20 are manufactured by a network 10 of delivery members, which an end customer 30 uses to manufacture an end product. An end user thus forms a sink in the manufacturing network.
- the primary and intermediate products are raw materials, semi-finished products, components and subsystems of the end product.
- the term "delivery link" not only designates manufacturing facilities of physical resources, but also service providers.
- Each delivery link 20 in this manufacturing network 10 is shown in the form of a box in FIG. 1, the arrows between the boxes indicate the delivery direction between the delivery links 20.
- the Delivery links 20 jointly deliver to the end customer 30, which is the last link in the production network 10.
- the majority of the delivery links 20 within the production network 10 are network-dependent in the form of supply chains 40, one delivery link 20 in each case along with the delivery link 20 that follows in the delivery sequence
- An example of supply links 20, which together constitute such a supply chain 40, is shown in FIG. 1 by hatching the boxes for the supply links involved.
- the delivery link 20.a delivers to the delivery link 20.b
- the delivery link 20.b delivers s on the one hand to the delivery member 20. c
- the delivery member 20. c in turn delivers to the delivery member 20. d
- the delivery member 20. d delivers to the end user 30.
- the delivery members 20. a to 20. d together form those hatched in FIG. 1 illustrated supply chain.
- the method according to the invention does not necessarily require knowledge of the delivery network 10. What information is required is set out below.
- the supply chain 40 comprises four manufacturing plants 20. dl, 20.d2, 20. e, 20.g, of which three (the manufacturing plants 20. dl [leather cutting for gray leather], 20.d2 [leather cutting for non-gray leather] and 20. e [sewing the leather blank]) in South Africa and one (manufacturing facility 20.g [partial assembly of the door lining]) in Germany.
- the supply chain 40 contains a transport company 20. f, which transports the semi-finished leather products from South Africa to Germany, and the supply link 20.h [final assembly of the door lining].
- each delivery link 20 of this exemplary embodiment has at least one process stage 60, which can comprise one or more production stages, transport stages, etc., and an output buffer 70.
- the buffers 50, 70 represent inventory and serve to at least partially decouple the material flow between other supply links 20 located in the supply chain 40.
- the input buffer 50. a of the manufacturing facility 20.g ensures that the manufacturing facility 20.g has enough semi-finished leather products available for partial assembly of the door lining until the next delivery takes place. In order to be able to install door cladding even in the event of delivery difficulties at the production sites 20.d and 20.e or the conveyor 20.f It makes sense to place 20.g to make its input buffer 50. a larger.
- the image of the manufacturing network is preferably reshaped as illustrated by FIG. 3.
- Such fluctuations can e.g. B. occur because several preliminary or intermediate products are put together for a transport and transported together.
- the output buffer 70.g of the delivery link 20.g and the input buffer 50.h of the subsequent delivery link 20.h are combined to form a company-wide warehouse 25.g.
- the output buffer 70.g of the delivery member 20.g, the transporting delivery member 20. f together with its input buffer 50. f and its output buffer 70. f and the input buffer 50.g of the subsequent delivery member 20.g become another cross-company warehouse 25 . f summarized.
- a correction time period for the actual lead time can be determined using the method according to the invention.
- An embodiment of the method is explained below using the example of the delivery link 20. Dl from FIG. 3.
- the delivery member 20.dl produces a preliminary product V, which subsequent delivery members use in intermediate products, which in turn are used by the end customer 30 to produce the end product.
- the preliminary product V is a gray leather cut for interior door panels.
- the method according to the invention is carried out on a data processing system, for example a PC.
- This data processing system has read access to data memories in which the values required for the inventory curve and for the target delivery curve are stored. If necessary, the values are checked for P. lusibility and processed. Missing values are e.g. B. estimated by interpolation.
- the method according to the invention preferably requires the temporal course of two variable quantities, namely the stock and the demand for the preliminary product V produced by the supply member.
- the temporal courses are displayed in a stock curve or a target delivery curve.
- the inventory curve shows the inventory of the preliminary product V at the supply link 20 dl for several points in time, that is the quantity of the preliminary product V completed by the delivery link (20th dl) and not yet used by a subsequent delivery link.
- the quantity is determined, for example, in quantities.
- the stocks are preferably determined at a particular time on N consecutive days.
- the multiple points in time are therefore N consecutive days.
- the period of time which the N successive days cover is preferably chosen to be so long that the method is robust against capacity drops and capacity failures at the supply link 20. dl.
- the method according to the invention can thus also be used without changes if the delivery link which produces the preliminary product has a capacity drop.
- the duration of the capacity slump is then short. Comparison to the period covered by the times.
- quantities are recorded anyway over a longer period of time.
- the period is preferably set so that it is at least five times as long as the maximum period between the occurrence and removal of a delivery restriction at the supply member 20. Previous experience has shown that typically, a drop in capacity of a supply link 20 can be remedied within ten days. Therefore, the period for the inventory curve is chosen to be at least five times ten days, so in this example N is at least 60 days.
- a further embodiment provides that no absolute stocks are specified in the stock curve, but only the respective change compared to an initial value, e.g. B. An opening stock or a target stock or an average stock or a standard stock.
- the inventory curve preferably relates to a cross-company warehouse, in the example in FIG. 3 this is warehouse 25. dl.
- this is warehouse 25. dl.
- the quantities in the output buffer, transit and subsequent input buffer do not need to be differentiated from one another. Rather, it is sufficient to determine the entire stock in the cross-company warehouse for one point in time and to determine the stocks for each subsequent point in time by determining the entry into the entry buffer and the exit from the exit buffer and adding the entry to the previous position and the Outlet is subtracted.
- the target delivery curve indicates the amount of the intermediate product V to be supplied in order to meet the demand (demand) of the end user 30 for the intermediate product V or an intermediate product Z which is manufactured using the intermediate product V.
- the requirement relates to a basic period of time, e.g. For example, the need for a specific day is given.
- the target delivery curve preferably indicates the delivery quantity on N consecutive days of a period, N and the period being determined as described above.
- the delivery member 20.dl usually has to produce a larger amount of the preliminary product, for example because some copies of the preliminary product are not of the required quality, because subsequent delivery members incorporate the copies into intermediate products of insufficient quality or because individual copies of the preliminary product or one made with the preliminary product Intermediate product undergo a destructive test. This "shrinkage" is preferably taken into account by adding a percentage to the demanded quantity of the preliminary product.
- the increased target delivery quantity is preferably already taken into account.
- a target delivery quantity relates in each case to the point in time at which the delivery member 20 dl must have finished the preliminary product V so that it is received by subsequent delivery members on time and ultimately meets the needs of the end customer 30. It is possible to determine these requirements directly at the delivery link, eg B. from the target delivery figures of the delivery member 20. dl.
- a preferred embodiment provides for the determination of an end user demand curve.
- the requirements in this end user demand curve each relate to the point in time at which the end user 30 needs the respective quantity of the preliminary product - or an intermediate product for the production of which the preliminary product is required.
- the actual lead time is determined which the delivery member 20.dl needs for the delivery of the preliminary product V.
- This actual lead time is z. B. estimated by hand or approximately determined from contracts between the delivery member 20. dl on the one hand and subsequent delivery members and / or the end customer on the other hand or as described above from "local lead times". With the help of the end customer demand curve and the actual lead time, the target -Delivery curve determined.
- the end user 30 does not use the preliminary product V directly, but uses an intermediate product which the delivery member 20.h uses manufac- ture of the preliminary product V, namely door inner panels.
- a parts list is therefore preferably used which specifies the number of preliminary products required in each case for the end products which the end customer 30 delivers and / or for the intermediate products which the end customer 30 uses.
- two pieces of intermediate product V that is, gray leather cutting, are required for a gray door interior trim.
- a motor vehicle requires two door panels.
- four pieces of the intermediate product V are required per car.
- the end user demand curve shows the need for gray door linings.
- the target delivery curve for the preliminary product V is generated.
- the target delivery curve 110 indicates the number of pieces for gray leather cutting.
- an inventory curve 100 for the preliminary product V and an end user demand curve 1100 for an intermediate product Z supplied to the end user 30 are shown by way of example.
- a specific day e.g. B. March 1, 2001, with the day 1.
- the inventory curve 100 shows the temporal course of the inventory deviation in the cross-company warehouse 25th dl for days 1 to 20, that is, for March 1, 2001 to March 20, 2001.
- the values indicate the inventory deviation in relation to day 1. On days 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 the deviation is -50 pieces of the preliminary product V, on all other days 0 pieces.
- the end user demand curve 1100 shows the time course of the demand that the end user 30 has for an intermediate product delivered to the end user, in this example the door interior trim.
- the demand is plotted for days 11 to 30. These values are e.g. B. determined from existing values for the production of the end user 30.
- FIG. 5 shows the inventory curve of FIG. 4 and an end user demand curve 1110 generated using the parts list shown for the intermediate product V.
- the end user demand curve 1110 shows the time course of the demand that the end user 30 has for the preliminary product V.
- the demand is plotted for days 11 to 30. It is measured in pieces of the preliminary product, in this example in pieces of gray leather.
- the points in time, here days 11 to 30, are the points in time at which the end user needs the intermediate product, which is produced using the preliminary product, here gray door lining. On day 15, ie March 15, 2001, the end user needed so many gray door linings that 550 pieces of gray leather were used to manufacture them.
- the estimated actual lead time for the preliminary product V is 10 days.
- the end user demand curve 1110 for the preliminary product V is shifted by the actual lead time along the time axis. 6 shows the result.
- the requirements, here the number of pieces, in the target delivery curve 110 relate to the points in time at which the delivery member 20. dl must have finished the preliminary product, here leather, and delivered it to subsequent delivery members so that the gray interior door panels reach the end customer in good time.
- a standard requirement for the preliminary product V manufactured by the delivery member 20 dl is preferably also determined.
- this standard demand is the average demand over the past N days.
- the correction period is determined by the algorithm specified below.
- the description means of the pseudo code is used to describe the algorithm.
- the reference symbols in the pseudo code have the following meanings:
- Target quantity [i]: IO demand [i + VLZ actual] Next i
- Scattering_min: Scattering (inventory [ ⁇ VLZ_max-l: N + l- ⁇ VLZ_max])
- Inventory_sim [i]: inventory [i]
- Inventory_sim [i]: Inventory_sim [i] + total
- ⁇ VLZ_opt: ⁇ VLZ
- VLZ_opt VLZ_Ist + ⁇ VLZ_opt
- N xi is the mean value of the measured values (xl, ..., xN).
- Bew max ⁇
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show four simulation inventory curves for the inventory curve and the target delivery curve of FIG. 6.
- the standard requirement is 500 pieces in all four cases.
- Fig. 9 and the table below illustrate that the method according to the invention provides the same result if a different value for the standard requirement is given.
- a further development of the invention is used when the preliminary product V is manufactured in lots.
- a lot that is a multiple of a basic quantity of the preliminary product, for example a certain number of the preliminary product, is produced at one time and is supplied to the warehouse at one point in time.
- One lot covers the need for a subsequent supply link on the preliminary product V for all times until the completion of the next lot.
- Lot production is e.g. B. in H. Tempelmeier: "Material Logistics: Basics of Demand and Lot Size Planning in PPS Systems", Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1995.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a further target delivery curve 200 and an inventory curve 210 for batch production.
- a lot is made on days 1, 6, 11, 16 and 21.
- the inventory curve 210 has a sawtooth-like course, because pieces of the preliminary product V are taken from the warehouse 25. Dl daily, but this warehouse is only replenished every five days.
- the design of the method does not require that the lots at equal intervals, for. B. be completed every five days.
- the correction period of lead time is determined in accordance with the further development in which batch production is taken into account by the algorithm specified below. This algorithm is also described using the pseudo code description means.
- the additional reference symbols in the pseudo code have the following meanings:
- Scattering_min: Scattering (inventory [ ⁇ VLZ_max-l: N + l- ⁇ VLZ_max])
- Inventory_sim [LFZ [j] + ⁇ VLZ]: inventory [LFZ [j]] + target quantity [LFZ [j]] - inventory [LFZ [j] -1]
- Inventory_sim [k + ⁇ VLZ]: Inventory_sim [k-1 + ⁇ VLZ] - target quantity [k + ⁇ VLZ]
- Inventory_sim_ber [k + ⁇ VLZ]: inventory_sim [k + ⁇ VLZ]
- Inventory_sim_ber [k + ⁇ VLZ]: inventory_sim_ber [k + ⁇ VLZ] - target quantity [u + ⁇ VLZ]
- ⁇ VLZ_opt: ⁇ VLZ
- FIG. 11 shows the simulation inventory curve 220 and the cleaned simulation inventory curve 230 for the example from FIG. 10 and for the possible time period -3 days.
- the invention relates to a method for automatically determining a correction time period for correcting an actual lead time for the delivery of a preliminary product, which is produced by a delivery member of a production network.
- a target delivery curve and an inventory curve are determined.
- the target delivery curve specifies the quantity of the preliminary product required by an end user of the manufacturing network for several points in time, the inventory curve the quantity of the preliminary product which has been completed by the delivery member and not yet delivered.
- the correction period is selected by optimization over a set of possible periods. For this, a simulation inventory curve is calculated for every possible period of time.
- Such a simulation inventory curve for a possible period of time indicates for several points in time what quantity of the preliminary product would have been completed by the delivery member at the respective time and had not yet been delivered if the lead time required for the preliminary product by the delivery member by the possible period compared to the actual lead time would have been changed.
- z. B. uses the scatter of the simulation inventory curves over time. For the list of characters
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/533,050 US20060100729A1 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2003-09-20 | Method for determination of a lead time |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10250313A DE10250313A1 (de) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Vorlaufzeit |
DE10250313.3 | 2002-10-29 |
Publications (1)
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WO2004040487A2 true WO2004040487A2 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
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PCT/EP2003/010510 WO2004040487A2 (de) | 2002-10-29 | 2003-09-20 | Verfahren zur bestimmung einer vorlaufzeit |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20060100729A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10250313A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004040487A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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US8185435B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2012-05-22 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Methods, systems, and computer program products for facilitating content-based selection of long-tail business models and billing |
US20160140470A1 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Systems and methods for determining lead-time offset values |
US11151496B2 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-10-19 | Target Brands, Inc. | Parallel lead time determinations in supply chain architecture |
JP6953381B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-08 | 2021-10-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 製造の管理を支援するシステム及び方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5093794A (en) * | 1989-08-22 | 1992-03-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Job scheduling system |
JP3447286B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-28 | 2003-09-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 生産計画作成システムおよび生産計画作成方法 |
US5970465A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1999-10-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for part procurement in a production system with constrained resources |
US5819232A (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1998-10-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method and apparatus for inventory control of a manufacturing or distribution process |
US5946662A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-08-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for providing inventory optimization |
GB2370132A (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-19 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Procument system |
-
2002
- 2002-10-29 DE DE10250313A patent/DE10250313A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-09-20 WO PCT/EP2003/010510 patent/WO2004040487A2/de active Application Filing
- 2003-09-20 US US10/533,050 patent/US20060100729A1/en not_active Abandoned
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DE10250313A1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
US20060100729A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
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