WO2004034571A1 - Appareils, procedes et articles de fabrication destines a un traitement electromagnetique - Google Patents

Appareils, procedes et articles de fabrication destines a un traitement electromagnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004034571A1
WO2004034571A1 PCT/US2003/031984 US0331984W WO2004034571A1 WO 2004034571 A1 WO2004034571 A1 WO 2004034571A1 US 0331984 W US0331984 W US 0331984W WO 2004034571 A1 WO2004034571 A1 WO 2004034571A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
characteristic
providing
current
wave characteristic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/031984
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Finbarr Joseph Mcgrath
Pierce Joseph Nagle
Original Assignee
M/A-Com, Inc.
M/A-Com Eurotec, Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/294,430 external-priority patent/US6891432B2/en
Application filed by M/A-Com, Inc., M/A-Com Eurotec, Bv filed Critical M/A-Com, Inc.
Priority to JP2004543582A priority Critical patent/JP2006502669A/ja
Priority to AU2003275494A priority patent/AU2003275494A1/en
Priority to EP03759772A priority patent/EP1550208A1/fr
Publication of WO2004034571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004034571A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0277—Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to electromagnetic processing, and more particularly to the attenuation or amplification of electromagnetic waves.
  • the controlled attenuation or amplification of electromagnetic waves has many uses.
  • intelligence may be conveyed along a wave by attenuating and/or amplifying
  • modifying electromagnetic wave characteristics, such as is seen when modulating amplitude, frequency or phase of an electrical current or radio frequency (RF) wave to transmit data.
  • power may be conveyed along a wave in a controlled fashion by attenuating and/or amplifying electromagnetic wave characteristics, such as is seen when modulating voltage or current in a circuit.
  • the uses may be combined, such as when intelligence may be conveyed through a wave by modifying power characteristics.
  • Electromagnetic wave characteristic modification may be accomplished through digital or analog techniques. Digital and analog attenuation and/or amplification may also be combined, that is, the same wave may be subject to various types of digital and/or analog attenuation and/or amplification within a system in order to accomplish desired tasks.
  • modifying electromagnetic wave characteristics may be difficult. For example, choosing an appropriate technique or component to modify a wave characteristic may be difficult for a number of reasons. One of those reasons involves the type of wave to be modified. For example, low frequency waves, such as 60 Hz power waves, may need different modification techniques than high frequency waves such as 24 GHz radar waves. It is common practice therefore to use different components, with different characteristics, for different waves. For example, a switching semiconductor used within a computer for 60 Hz power waves has different power handling characteristics from a power semiconductor used in a 24 GHz radar system. However, it would be helpful to the art of electromagnetic wave modification by simplifying design techniques if similar or standardizing techniques and/or components could be used for a number of types of waves.
  • One attempt at standardizing techniques and components that has recently been used is to use characteristics ofthe wave as information to modify the wave. For example, by translating a wave into polar coordinates with amplitude and phase characteristics, either or both characteristics may be used and/or manipulated in such a manner so as to provide standardized techniques for various wave frequencies.
  • characteristics ofthe wave For example, by translating a wave into polar coordinates with amplitude and phase characteristics, either or both characteristics may be used and/or manipulated in such a manner so as to provide standardized techniques for various wave frequencies.
  • attempts to date have been constrained by application difficulties. For example, attempts which use multiple amplifiers have suffered from difficulties attendant to amplifier combining. Specifically, components, such as transformers or quarter wave lines, are used to sum the output ofthe amplifiers in order to drive the load. These components add to the cost and size ofthe amplifier array.
  • Embodiments ofthe present invention include apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for modifying electromagnetic waves.
  • Preferred embodiments utilize characteristics ofthe waves to modify the waves, and provide techniques and/or components for modification of various types of waves.
  • two or more independently controllable current sources are used to generate an output wave that is a modification of an input wave. Those current sources are regulated by characteristics ofthe input wave.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a preferred embodiment.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a schematic diagram of operation ofthe embodiment of Figure 1.
  • Embodiments ofthe present invention include apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for attenuation and/or amplification ("modification") of electromagnetic waves according to characteristics ofthe waves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment.
  • An input wave a is provided to a Digital Signal Processor 10.
  • Digital Signal Processor 10 comprises an Analog to Digital Converter 11, which digitizes the wave, for example, by the use of rectangular coordinates or I,Q data.
  • Rectangular to Polar Converter 12 then receives the I,Q data and translates it into polar coordinates.
  • a digitized representation of a wave may be provided to a rectangular to polar converter if desired.
  • the digitized representation may be generated in any of a number of ways as is known in the art.
  • this embodiment is described as used in connection with a digitized wave and I,Q and polar data, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other embodiments are not limited thereto and may use any digital or analog wave form, or combination thereof.
  • Rectangular to Polar Converter 12 outputs a digitized wave in polar coordinates, which takes the form R, P(sin) and P(cos) for example.
  • the R coordinate represents the amplitude characteristic ofthe wave.
  • the P(sin) and P(cos) coordinates represent the phase characteristic ofthe wave.
  • characteristic refers to electromagnetic wave characteristics, such as frequency, voltage, amplitude (including magnitude and envelope), phase, current, wave shape, or pulse. Other embodiments may derive one or more wave characteristics from the input wave as desired.
  • FIG 2 a schematic diagram of a wave that has been translated according to the embodiment of Figure 1 is shown.
  • Input wave a has been translated into magnitude component m comprising magnitude characteristics ofthe input wave over period ti and phase component p comprising phase characteristics on a carrier wave over the same period.
  • Output wave b is shown after amplification by a preferred embodiment.
  • the time period in this and other embodiments is as desired.
  • embodiments may derive magnitude and phase characteristics of a wave using various sampling rates in order to maximize resolution ofthe wave, maximize speed of operation, etc. These sampling rates may be dynamically determined as well in various embodiments so that they change during operation.
  • the division of an input wave is synchronized, in order to maximize accuracy of output and minimize any distortion.
  • amplitude and phase characteristics are then transmitted through separate paths.
  • the amplitude characteristics ofthe input wave are converted, via converter 13, along path a m , into digital pulses comprising a digital word quantized into bits B 0 to B n -i , with a Most Significant Bit ("MSB") to Least Significant Bit (“LSB”).
  • MSB Most Significant Bit
  • LSB Least Significant Bit
  • the digital word may be of varying lengths in various embodiments. In general, the longer the word the greater the accuracy of reproduction ofthe input wave.
  • the digital word provides control for attenuation and/or amplification, in manner to be described further below. Of course, as is described further below, in other embodiments, a differently composed digital word may be used, as well as other types of derivation and/or provision of amplitude or other wave characteristics.
  • control component lines a 1 " 1 - a m 7 are shown leading away from the converter 13.
  • the number of these control component lines depends, in the preferred embodiments, upon the resolution ofthe word. In this preferred embodiment, the word has a seven bit resolution.
  • the control component lines are consolidated into a single path a m leading into control components 22a-g. However, in the embodiment, and as further described below, the control component lines are not consolidated and instead feed into the control components individually.
  • the phase characteristic travels along path a p .
  • phase characteristic is first modulated onto a wave by way of Digital to Analog Converter 18 and Synthesizer 20 (which is a Voltage Controlled Oscillator in an especially preferred embodiment.)
  • Synthesizer 20 provides an output wave, which is comprised ofthe phase information.
  • This output wave has a constant envelope, i.e., it has no amplitude variations, yet it has phase characteristics ofthe original input wave, and passes to driver 24, and in turn driver lines a p 1 - a p 7.
  • the wave, which has been split among the driver lines, is then fed into current sources 25a- 25g, and will serve to potentially drive the current sources 25a- 25g as is further described below.
  • other sources of other wave characteristics i.e., besides the phase characteristic, may be used.
  • transistors may be used as current sources 25a- 25g. Additionally, in other embodiments, one or more transistors segmented appropriately may be used as current sources 25a- 25g.
  • the current sources 25a- 25g must not be configured to behave like voltage sources; for example, by saturating transistors, which will interfere with the desired current combining ofthe sources.
  • Path a m (comprised of control component lines a m 1 - a m 7 as described above) terminates in control components 22a-g.
  • these are switching transistors, and are preferably current sources, although, as further described below, in other embodiments, other sources of other wave characteristics may be used, as well as other regulation schemes.
  • Control components 22a-g are switched by bits ofthe digital word output from the amplitude component and so regulated by the digital word output from the amplitude component. If a bit is "1" or “high,” the corresponding control component is switched on, and so current flows from that control component to appropriate current source 25a-g along bias control lines 23a-g.
  • the length ofthe digital word may vary, and so the number of bits, control components, control component lines, driver lines, bias control lines, current sources, etc. may vary accordingly in various embodiments.
  • Current sources 25a-g receive current from a control component if the control component is on, and thus each current source is regulated according to that component.
  • an appropriate control component provides bias current to the current sources, as is described further below, and so the control component may be referred to as a bias control circuit, and a number of them as a bias network.
  • it may be desired to statically or dynamically allocate one or more bias control circuits to one or more current sources using a switching network if desired.
  • each current source serves as a potential current source, and is capable of generating a current, which is output to current source lines 26a-g respectively.
  • Each current source may or may not act as a current source, and so may or may not generate a current, because it is regulated via the appropriate digital word value regulating a control component. Activation of any current source, and generation of current from that current source, is dependant upon the value ofthe appropriate bit from the digital representation ofthe amplitude component regulating the appropriate control component.
  • the current sources are not an amplifier or amplifiers in the preferred embodiments, rather the plurality of current sources function as an amplifier, as is described herein. Indeed, amplification and/or attenuation may be considered in the preferred embodiments as functions of those embodiments, and so may an amplifier and/or attenuator be considered to be an electrical component or system that amplifies and/or attenuates.
  • the combined current i.e. the sum of any current output from current sources 25a-g, is the current sources output.
  • the embodiment may act as an attenuator and/or amplifier. No further circuitry or components are necessary between the current sources to combine current from each current source and so provide a useful output current. Therefore, the combined current, which is output on line 27, and shown as b, may be used as desired, e.g., as an amplifier, as an attentuator, to drive a load, etc.
  • the current sources vary in current output and size. This provides various weighting to the currents that are potentially supplied by those current sources. For example, in one preferred embodiment, a first current source is twice the size of a next current source, which in turn is twice the size of a next current source, and so on until a final current source.
  • the number of current sources may be matched to the number of bits ofthe digital control word, so that the largest current source is controlled by the MSB ofthe amplitude word, the next bit ofthe word controls the next largest current source, etc., until the LSB, which is sent to the smallest current source.
  • other embodiments may have a different pattern of matching bit to current source, including use of a switching network.
  • duplicate current sources - ofthe same size - are provided, as well as current sources that vary in size.
  • other wave characteristics may be provided to other current sources and so regulate those sources.
  • the current sources 25a-g are, in the preferred embodiment of Figure 1, one or more
  • HBT transistors Other transistors may be used as well, such as FETs, etc., as well as other current sources.
  • Other components may be interposed as well, e.g., a variable gain amplifier or attenuator to reduce the drive current to the transistor segments, non-linear components along the amplitude path, etc.
  • the amplitude characteristic is preferably digitized.
  • the peak amplitude is set equal to the full scale ofthe digitization (i.e. when all bits are set high).
  • the peak amplitude may be set to other than the full scale (i.e. greater or lesser) ofthe digitization. If the peak amplitude is set lesser than the full scale, an increase in gain may exist because the average output power level is increased for a given power level ofthe phase modulated carrier signal.
  • inventions may provide a capability for wide band amplitude modification in an associated transmitter because it makes possible linear amplification and/or attenuation across a relatively large envelope bandwidth, due to the relatively low input capacitance.
  • embodiments may be used in cellular and other transmitters, as is described further herein.
  • any suitable types of current sources for example, other transistor segments and/or formats as well as other devices or methods, may be used with any of the embodiments ofthe present invention where desired.
  • weighting may be achieved by providing segments having different semiconductor areas.
  • preferred embodiments may include amplifiers that are specialized for particular input waves and output waves, e.g. embodiments may be used in various RF, microprocessor, microcontroller and/or computer devices, e.g. cell phones, such as CDMA,
  • CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • W-CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 2000
  • other wired and wireless devices e.g.
  • Bluetooth 802.1 la, -b, -g, , radar, lxRTT, two-way radios, GPRS, computers and computer communication devices, PDA's and other handheld devices, etc.
  • Various embodiments may modify various parameters without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention.
  • the length ofthe digital word may be longer or shorter in various embodiments, which may provide a more or less precise digitization ofthe wave.
  • the number of bits, control components, control component lines, driver lines, bias control lines, current sources, etc. may all be varied as desired.
  • embodiments ofthe invention may be entirely comprised of hardware, software or may be a combination of software and hardware.
  • the embodiments or various components may also be provided on a semiconductor device where desired, such as an integrated circuit or an application-specific integrated circuit composition; some examples include silicon (Si), silicon germanium (SiGe) or gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Amplitude Modulation (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des appareils, des procédés et des articles de fabrication permettant de modifier des ondes électromagnétiques. Grâce à l'utilisation de diverses caractéristiques des ondes, telles que l'amplitude permettant de réguler une source de courant, un courant est produit, celui-ci pouvant être utilisé de plusieurs manières, par exemple, comme commande d'une antenne ou d'autres charges.
PCT/US2003/031984 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 Appareils, procedes et articles de fabrication destines a un traitement electromagnetique WO2004034571A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004543582A JP2006502669A (ja) 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 電磁処理を生成する装置、方法、および物品
AU2003275494A AU2003275494A1 (en) 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for electromagnetic processing
EP03759772A EP1550208A1 (fr) 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 Appareils, procedes et articles de fabrication destines a un traitement electromagnetique

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41731302P 2002-10-08 2002-10-08
US60/417,313 2002-10-08
US10/294,430 2002-11-14
US10/294,430 US6891432B2 (en) 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for electromagnetic processing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004034571A1 true WO2004034571A1 (fr) 2004-04-22

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PCT/US2003/031984 WO2004034571A1 (fr) 2002-10-08 2003-10-08 Appareils, procedes et articles de fabrication destines a un traitement electromagnetique

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EP (1) EP1550208A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006502669A (fr)
KR (1) KR20050083740A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003275494A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004034571A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580111A (en) * 1981-12-24 1986-04-01 Harris Corporation Amplitude modulation using digitally selected carrier amplifiers
EP1096670A2 (fr) * 1999-10-08 2001-05-02 M/A-Com Eurotec Système et procédé de transmission des informations numériques utilisant la modulation delta entrelacée
US6255906B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-07-03 Conexant Systems, Inc. Power amplifier operated as an envelope digital to analog converter with digital pre-distortion

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3056092B2 (ja) * 1996-09-06 2000-06-26 日本電気株式会社 テレビジョン放送機
JP2000286915A (ja) * 1999-03-31 2000-10-13 Toshiba Corp 信号変調回路及び信号変調方法
US6813319B1 (en) * 1999-10-08 2004-11-02 M/A-Com Eurotec System and method for transmitting digital information using interleaved delta modulation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580111A (en) * 1981-12-24 1986-04-01 Harris Corporation Amplitude modulation using digitally selected carrier amplifiers
US6255906B1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-07-03 Conexant Systems, Inc. Power amplifier operated as an envelope digital to analog converter with digital pre-distortion
EP1096670A2 (fr) * 1999-10-08 2001-05-02 M/A-Com Eurotec Système et procédé de transmission des informations numériques utilisant la modulation delta entrelacée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003275494A8 (en) 2004-05-04
AU2003275494A1 (en) 2004-05-04
KR20050083740A (ko) 2005-08-26
JP2006502669A (ja) 2006-01-19
EP1550208A1 (fr) 2005-07-06

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