WO2004034596A2 - Emetteur, recepteur et systeme d'emission-reception d'ondes electromagnetiques, procedes et articles de fabrication - Google Patents

Emetteur, recepteur et systeme d'emission-reception d'ondes electromagnetiques, procedes et articles de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004034596A2
WO2004034596A2 PCT/US2003/031797 US0331797W WO2004034596A2 WO 2004034596 A2 WO2004034596 A2 WO 2004034596A2 US 0331797 W US0331797 W US 0331797W WO 2004034596 A2 WO2004034596 A2 WO 2004034596A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
signals
wave
combined
carrier wave
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/031797
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2004034596A3 (fr
Inventor
Walid Khairy Mohamed Ahmed
Original Assignee
M/A-Com, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/610,396 external-priority patent/US6870435B2/en
Application filed by M/A-Com, Inc. filed Critical M/A-Com, Inc.
Priority to AU2003275481A priority Critical patent/AU2003275481A1/en
Publication of WO2004034596A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004034596A2/fr
Publication of WO2004034596A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004034596A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/361—Modulation using a single or unspecified number of carriers, e.g. with separate stages of phase and amplitude modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/38—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation
    • H03C3/40—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the transfer of electromagnetic waves. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for processing electromagnetic signals.
  • Electromagnetic waves may be transferred from place to place through a conductor.
  • the conductor In wired transmission, the conductor is usually a wire or other solid substance.
  • the conductor In wireless transmission, the conductor is usually an ambient substance, such as air, water, etc.
  • a transmitter In wireless connections a transmitter is usually used to transfer a wave and a receiver to receive a wave.
  • a transceiver combines the functions of both transmitter and receiver in one system.
  • a transmitter typically converts electrical energy into a signal, which is then broadcast via an antenna to a receiver's antemia. Repeaters, middle stations, etc. may be used as intermediates in the transmission to sustain the integrity of the transmitted wave.
  • the electrical energy input into a transmitter usually is modulated into a basic transmission or carrier signal by overlaying some intelligence upon the energy - speech, data, etc. - in the form of an information signal, and the receiver typically demodulates the modulated carrier signal, once received, into a copy of the initial intelligence sent by the transmitter.
  • transmitters and receivers are comprised of various building block components.
  • the information signal may be generated or modulated by one or more transducers, such as a microphone. It may also be generated by a modulator, such as an analog modem.
  • the modulation of the information signal onto the carrier signal may be done by a mixer and the energy or carrier wave itself is usually generated by an oscillator.
  • An amplifier is usually used at one or more places in the transmitter circuitry to boost the signal strength, to provide power to active components, etc.
  • one or more filters are usually used as well, to clean up the input signal, the outputted signal, etc.
  • An antenna is used to broadcast the signal, and a power supply will supply power as needed.
  • transceivers combine both transmitters and receivers, h a transceiver, separate components may be used for the transmitter and receiver, or, one or more devices providing for switching are used to turn on respective transmitter and receiver components as needed.
  • electromagnetic waves representing the information signal in wireless transmission may be modulated into carrier signals by varying wave characteristics such as amplitude, frequency and phase, in an analog manner.
  • Transmitters, receivers, and transceiver for modulating waves have been implemented in a number of ways.
  • analog and digital based systems have been used to processed, or modulate, some aspect of the electromagnetic wave, such amplitude, frequency, and/or phase with a carrier wave.
  • modulation schemes include, for example, GMSK used in GSM, GFSK used in DECT and Bluetooth, 8-PSK used in EDGE, OQPSK and HPSK used in IS-2000, ⁇ r/4 DQPSK used in TDMA and OFDM used in 802.11.
  • the intelligence, or baseband signal is processed into a plurality of signal in quadrature with each other.
  • the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) signals combined represent the original baseband signal. Modulating these baseband components signals provides benefits over other modulation systems in terms of the amount of energy required to transmit a given amount of information (e.g, bits), bandwidth requirements, and a reduced probability of error in the received signal.
  • the invention comprises systems, methods and articles of manufacture for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and signals.
  • Embodiments of the invention may include a method for electromagnetic processing of an input wave involving receiving a modified signal derived from two or more signals that represent the input wave when combined; and alternately regulating the modified signal using a digital signal containing at least one characteristic of said two or more signals.
  • the invention may also include an apparatus for electromagnetic processing of an input wave having an amplifier with at least one amplifying segment for receiving a modified signal derived from two or more signals that represent the input wave when combined; and a control circuit for alternately regulating the modified signal across the at least one amplifying segment using a digital signal containing a characteristic of one of the two or more signals.
  • Embodiments of the invention may utilize in-phase and quadrature phase signals, where the magnitude portion of the signals may be used for regulating the modified signal.
  • the modified signal may be created by modulating a characteristic of the I, Q signals, such as their sign, with an RF or other frequency carrier wave.
  • FIG. 1(a) shows a general block diagram of a transmitter incorporating I, Q based modulation.
  • Figure 1(b) shows a general block diagram of a transmitter incorporating polar based modulation.
  • Figure 1(c) shows a general block diagram of a transmitter incorporating aspects of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a transmitter embodiment.
  • Figure 3(a) shows an amplifier embodiment.
  • Figure 3(b) shows another amplifier embodiment.
  • Embodiments of the present invention include apparatus, methods and articles of manufacture for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and signals.
  • Embodiments of the invention may be entirely comprised of hardware, software and/or may be a combination of software and hardware. Accordingly, individual blocks and combinations of blocks in the drawings support combinations of means for performing the specified functions and/or combinations of steps for performing the specified functions.
  • Each of the blocks of the drawings, and combinations of blocks of the drawings maybe embodied in many different ways, as is well known to those of skill in the art.
  • FIG. 1(a) shows one embodiment of a general transmitter 100 for receiving an input wave 101 and transmitting an output signal 102 using a quadrature based modulation scheme. While described herein in terms of a transmitter, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the invention may also be used for receivers, transceivers, and other wave processing systems as well.
  • the input wave 101 may consist of varying types of intelligence, e.g., voice, data, etc., as is further described below.
  • an input wave 101 may consist of varying types of intelligence, e.g., voice, data, etc.
  • the input wave 101 may be analog or digital, and is not limited.
  • the transmitted output signal 102 may consist of various types of intelligence modulated onto a carrier wave, e.g. voice, data, etc. While the output signal may be analog, a digital output signal may be constructed as well and the invention is not limited.
  • signal is used herein to describe an electromagnetic wave that has been modulated in some fashion, usually by the impression of intelligence upon the wave, for example imposing data upon a carrier wave.
  • signal and wave in the singular includes the plural (or multiple signals and waves respectively) as often transmitters, receivers and transceivers generate more than one signal and/or wave in the normal course of their operation.
  • multiple harmonics of the baseband might be desirably generated as in amplitude modulation; multiple frequencies might be generated, etc.
  • embodiments of the invention might be used as well to input and/or output waves, as well as signals, as is further described below.
  • Transmitter 100 may comprise a baseband processor 115, signal processor 118, mixers 105 and 106, carrier wave source 110, a combiner 119, an amplifier system 120, load line 121, and an antenna 125.
  • a baseband input wave 101 may be inputted into baseband processor 115, which may generate I and Q data signals (analog or digital) representative of input wave 101.
  • a signal processor 118 may be used to further process the I and Q signals, such as correcting the signals for non-linearities produced in power amplifier 120 or to filter unwanted frequency components from the signal.
  • the I and Q signals may then pass to mixer 105 and 106 along separate channels I and Q respectively. Each of the I and Q data signals may then be mixed with a carrier wave generated by carrier wave source 110.
  • the signal may then be recombined at combiner 119 and fed into amplifier 120.
  • Amplifier system 120 may be used to drive antenna 125 through load line 121 using the recombined modulated carrier signal, from which the output signal 102 may be transmitted.
  • Output signal 102 may represent an amplified version of input wave 101, modulated onto the carrier wave provided , by carrier wave source 110.
  • Figure 1(b) illustrates one embodiment of a general transmitter used to receive an input wave 101 and generate an output signal using a polar based modulation scheme.
  • input wave 101 may be received by baseband processor 115, which generate signals representing the amplitude (R) and phase ( ⁇ ) of input wave 101, which may be analog or digital signals.
  • the phase portion of the signal, ⁇ may then be passed to a modulator 112, where it is used to modulate a carrier wave from carrier wave source 110.
  • This modulated carrier signal which typically has a substantially constant envelope, may then be inputted to amplifier system 120.
  • the gain or level of amplification of the modulated carrier wave signal by amplifier system 120 may be controlled by the amplitude signal (R) in order to use amplifier system 120 to drive antenna 125 through load line 121 with an output signal 102, which is an amplified version of input wave 101 modulated onto the carrier wave.
  • R amplitude signal
  • This may be accomplished, for example, by using individual bits of a digital word representing the amplitude portion of input wave 101 to control individual power amplifiers or segments within amplifier system 120, each of which receives the modulated carrier wave signal.
  • Figure 1(c) illustrates one embodiment of a general transmitter that may be used to generate an output signal using the system of the invention.
  • an input wave 101 may be received by baseband processor 115, where it may be converted into two or more signals, which, when combined, represent input wave 101.
  • I and Q data signals will be used.
  • additional signal processing may or may not be performed by signal processor 118. Thereafter, a signal containing a characteristic of the signals representing input wave 101, such as the sign of an I signal and a Q signal, may be passed to a modulator 114, where this aspect of the signals representing input wave 101 may be used to modulate a carrier wave from a carrier wave source 110 to produce one or more modulated carrier wave signals.
  • a signal containing a characteristic of the signals representing input wave 101 such as the sign of an I signal and a Q signal
  • the modulated carrier wave signal(s) may then be passed to amplifier system 120. It would be advantageous for modulated canier wave signal(s) to have a substantially constant envelope in order to utilize non-linear amplification systems in amplifier 120.
  • the amplifier may comprise any components or circuitry capable of amplifying an electromagnetic wave, such as one or more power amplifiers or transistor segments forming an SA, etc.
  • Another characteristic of the signals representing input wave 101 such as the magnitude of an signal (
  • Amplifier 120 may thus be used to ⁇ drive antenna 125 through load line 121 with an output signal 102 that is an amplified version of input wave 101 modulated onto a carrier wave.
  • baseband processor 115 may include a controller 210 (e.g., an XY constellation generator) that may receive an input wave and generate two or more signals representing the input wave, such as I and Q data signals.
  • Controller 210 is not limited, but may comprise a digital signal processor in this embodiment, having an analog to digital converter that may digitize the wave into rectangular coordinates of I and Q data signals.
  • I, Q characteristics of the original input wave may be modulated into digital pulses comprising an N bit digital word quantized into bits Bl to Bn, with a Most Significant Bit ("MSB") to Least Significant Bit (“LSB”).
  • MSB Most Significant Bit
  • LSB Least Significant Bit
  • the digital word may be of varying lengths in various embodiments. In general, the longer the word the greater the accuracy of reproduction of the input wave by the system (i.e, its resolution). Of course, in other embodiments, a differently composed digital word or an analog signal may be used.
  • the signals representing the input wave may then be passed from baseband processor 115 to a signal processor 118.
  • Signal processor 118 may include, for example, filters 212 and 214 for filtering out unwanted frequency components to perform shaping of the signal pulses.
  • filters 212, 214 may use polyphase filter banks that have a configurable number of taps and programmable filter coefficients to support different digital modulation schemes, although not limited thereto.
  • filter 212 may comprise a low-pass filter, such as a finite impulse response (FIR) or an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter.
  • filter 212 may comprise a low-pass filter bank, which is comprised of a series of filters F 0 to F restroom_ ⁇ .
  • the impulse responses of filters F 0 to V n - ⁇ may be at h 0 (t) to h star_ ⁇ (t) respectively.
  • one impulse response h(t) may be determined based upon the output to be produced at amplifier 120 that is applied to each of the signal bits.
  • Filter 214 may be similarly comprised for the Q signal, but may have its taps offset or delayed by some amount, such as one half the sampling period (Ts/2) for reasons which will become clear below.
  • Ts/2 one half the sampling period
  • filters 212 and 214 may be timed using clock 222.
  • Clock 222 may be operating- at a frequency that is a multiple of the offset or delay between the filters for each signal representing the input wave. Thus, if the delay is Ts/2, clock 222 may be operating at a clock speed of 2fs, where fs is the sampling frequency.
  • the signals representing the input wave may then be passed through one or more upsampling components (212 and 214) to pad each signal with a series of bits (e.g., "0's, although not limited thereto) to increase the number of bits based upon the speed of clock 222.
  • one additional bit may be placed between each sampled bit. In other words, a sample containing eight bits, such as 01101110 might now have sixteen bits: 0010100010101000 representing that sample.
  • Digital correction system 216 may comprise, for example, one or more digital signal processors as part of signal processor 118 (that may or may not be used as part of baseband processor 115 also) that contains an algorithm that uses a look-up table (LUT) containing values based upon a linear approximation of the output from amplifier 120 to correct the signals representing the input wave (e.g., I and Q component signals) to help maintain the linearity of the output signal from power amplifier 120.
  • LUT look-up table
  • the 2N-bit values of I and Q data signals may be translated into new 2N-bit values that will linearize the output from amplifier 120 closer to its desired values.
  • a correction table may comprise 2 2N_1 (2 2N + 1) entries, since values for each of the I and Q data signals would comprise 4N bits in this embodiment.
  • the actual number of entries may be reduced depending on the characteristics of amplifier 120. The better the characteristics of amplifier 120, the less phase distortion per state, and the more entries that may be segmented into a smaller number of entries.
  • Digital correction system 216 may be used to make fine phase and amplitude corrections to the carrier wave signal via phase-locked loop (PLL) 226 and gain pre-stage 230 of carrier wave source 110.
  • PLL phase-locked loop
  • Correction signals may be computed by digital correction system 216, for example, based upon I and Q signals that it receives, and passed to PLL 226 and gain pre-stage 230.
  • small phase and amplitude corrections may be made to the reference source (f re f) from an oscillator 246 for the carrier wave (f c mer ) in PLL 226 and to gain pre-stage 230, as shown in Figure 2.
  • ⁇ 0 is the determined correct phase of the signal
  • ⁇ j C is the incorrect measured phase
  • the difference ⁇ c - ⁇ j c is the amount of the correction that may be applied to PLL 226.
  • r c is the correct magnitude for the signal
  • rj C is the incorrect measured magnitude
  • c is the correction amount that may be applied to the carrier wave at gain pre- stage 230.
  • the output I and Q signals may be linearized as close as possible to the desired output values, and only small amplitude and phase corrections need to be made to the carrier signal.
  • digital baseband correction is typically one-dimensional, being applied to the amplitude aspect of the input wave, and all of the phase correction must be done in the PLL of a phase modulator. This results in a greater sensitivity of polar based systems to phase error, particularly at higher sampling rates.
  • each I and Q signal sample may be passed to a mixer 232 in modulator 114, where it may be modulated onto a carrier wave produced by oscillator 246 and PLL 226 in carrier wave source 110.
  • Carrier wave oscillator 246 may be any source of electromagnetic waves that is capable of producing a signal wave, such as a voltage- controlled oscillator (NCO). In another embodiment this signal source may be a TCXO.
  • the carrier wave may be phase shifted by ninety degrees using phase shifter 234 and clock 222.
  • the carrier wave and the phase shifted carrier wave may then be passed to multiplexor 238, which combines the signals into a single signal for mixing with the sign portion of the I and Q signals in mixer 232.
  • the carrier wave and phase shifted carrier wave signals may be combined into a signal that corresponds to the bit rate of the upsampled signals that represent the input wave.
  • the modulated wave outputted from mixer 232 may have a substantially constant envelope, i.e., it has no amplitude variations, yet it has characteristics of the original input wave.
  • modulator 114 is not limited to the embodiment disclosed herein, but may comprise any circuitry and/or components capable of producing one or more modulated carrier wave signals based upon the inputting of a carrier wave and an aspects of two or more signals that represent the input wave.
  • modulator 114 may output one or more signals, such as +cos( ⁇ c ), -cos( ⁇ c ), +sin( ⁇ c ), and-sin( ⁇ c ). This may be accomplished in the above- described manner or any other.
  • a half Ts-Hold sample and hold mechanism may be used to generate an output signal from amplifier 120.
  • amplifier 120 may be a digital segmented amplifier comprising a plurality of amplifying segments 240.
  • Each of the segments may receive a signal from a control component if the control component is on, and so each segment is regulated according to that component.
  • the regulation may be of the bias current to the segments, as is described further below, and so the control component may be referred to as a bias control circuit, and a number of them as a bias network.
  • the amplifier may include one or more amplifying segments 310, 312, 314, and 316. These may comprise, for example, power amplifiers, although not limited thereto.
  • the modulated carrier wave(s) from modulator 114 ( Figure 2) may be inputted into each segment.
  • the magnitude control signal also may be inputted into each of the segments, as further described below.
  • Each of the power amplifying segments may or may not produce an output depending on the control signal received by it.
  • Combining circuit 320 is not particularly limited, and may comprise any mechanism for combining the output from each power amplifier, such as by using power transformers, quarter-wave transmission lines, discrete LC components (e.g., Pi-networks), and the like.
  • the amplifier may also contain segmented transistor 330, which may serve as potential current sources.
  • Each amplifying segment may or may not act as a current source, because it is regulated via the appropriate control component (332, 334, 336, and 338), which may be a current source or any other component capable of controlling the flow of current to transistor 330, and activation of a segment is dependant upon the control signal and concomitant regulation of the appropriate control component.
  • the transistor and its segments may be an HBT transistor.
  • Other transistors may be used as well, such as FET, etc., as well as other current or wave characteristic sources.
  • Other components may be interposed as well, e.g., a driver before transistor 330, a VGA to reduce the drive current to the transistor segments, etc.
  • each of the amplifying segments may contribute an output to the output signal.
  • the amplifying segments may be switched on and off by bits of the digital word output from the control signal, which contains the time multiplexed magnitude data for the I and Q signals and so alternately regulated thereby. For example, if a bit representing the I (or Q) magnitude data is "1" or "on,” the corresponding control component may be switched on, and so an output for the I (or Q) portion of the modulated carrier wave from that segment is contributed to the load.
  • the length of the digital word may vary, and so the number of bits and control segments may vary accordingly in various embodiments. Additionally, embodiments may comprise a single bit length word.
  • each of the amplifying segments may vary in size. For example, if the overall gain of the amplifier is to be "A", one segment may be twice the size of the next segment, which in turn may be twice the size of the next segment, and so on until reaching the final segment.
  • the largest segment of each section may be controlled by the MSB for the magnitude of the I (or Q) signal, the next bit to the next largest segment, etc., until the LSB, which is sent to the smallest segment.
  • other embodiments may have a different pattern of matching signal to segment.
  • other wave characteristics may be fed to another source of wave characteristics and so regulate that source.
  • a portion of the signal that represents the input wave may be used to alternately actuate individual amplifying segments within amplifier 120 to amplify the modulated carrier signal in relation to the original input wave.
  • An optional band pass filter 124 may also be included on load line 121 between amplifier 120 and antenna 125.
  • the signals that represent the input wave when combined e.g., the I and Q signals
  • Bandpass filter 124 may be included to filter unwanted noise and frequency components from the output signal.
  • transmitter embodiments, as well as receiver and transceiver embodiments may proceed with various types of antennas, both active and passive. Additionally, it should be noted that an antenna may not be required in some embodiments, e.g. in wired transmitter, receiver, and/or transceiver embodiments.
  • a transmitter, receiver, and transceiver of the invention may be specialized for particular input waves, carrier waves and output signals, e.g. various types of cell phones, such as CDMA, CDMA2000, W-CDMA, GSM, TDMA, as well as various other types of devices, both wired and wireless, e.g. Bluetooth, 802.1 la, -b, -g, GPS, radar, lxRTT, radios, GPRS, computers and computer communication devices, handheld devices, etc.
  • various types of cell phones such as CDMA, CDMA2000, W-CDMA, GSM, TDMA
  • various other types of devices e.g. Bluetooth, 802.1 la, -b, -g, GPS, radar, lxRTT, radios, GPRS, computers and computer communication devices, handheld devices, etc.
  • GMSK which is used in GSM
  • GFSK which is used in DECT & Bluetooth
  • 8-PSK which is used in EDGE
  • OQPSK & HPSK which are used in IS-2000
  • p/4 DQPSK which is used in TDMA
  • OFDM which is used in 802.11.
  • Various embodiments may utilize both analog and digital components insofar as these embodiments manipulate waves and signals requiring both.
  • cell phone embodiments may utilize both analog and digital components.
  • Various types of system architectures may be utilized for constructing the embodiments.
  • an ASIC composition may be used in realizing the various architectures.
  • CMOS and/or BiCMOS fabrication techniques may be used as well as a combination of both, e.g. a BiCMOS Phase modulator area combined with a CMOS baseband area.
  • transistor speed is a concern, and BiCMOS provides faster speed.
  • BiCMOS provides less current drain than an all CMOS configuration.
  • the invention improves over the systems of the prior art.
  • Conventional I/Q modulators have been used with linear modulation schemes and amplifiers. Not using such linear modulation eliminates the problem of I/Q imbalance and distortion that occurs when these systems are used.
  • Q data in the system of the invention also has advantages over other modulation schemes, such as, for example, polar based modulation.
  • the invention eliminates the need for a polar conversion stage and the difficulties associated with the design of a phase modulator module that would be required for interfacing the phase signal to an ASA.
  • the bandwidth and quantization requirements for the I and Q signals are much smaller than those for the amplitude and phase signals used in polar based modulation.
  • Power control may be accomplished by varying the input power levels to the power amplifier via a voltage-controlled attenuator, along with the base bias voltages on the buffer and I, Q modulator stages.
  • the modulation function is performed at the final stage in the transmit line-up. This allows for a very efficient solution for the overall transmitter as the modulated RF carrier signal applied to all gain blocks of the transmitter will be constant envelope.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de traitement électromagnétique d'une onde d'entrée, ce système comprenant la réception d'un signal modifié dérivé d'au moins deux signaux qui représentent l'onde d'entrée lorsqu'ils sont combinés; et, en variante, la régulation du signal modifié à l'aide d'un signal numérique contenant au moins une caractéristique de ces deux signaux ou de plusieurs de ces signaux. L'invention peut utiliser des signaux en phase et en quadrature de phase, la partie d'amplitude des signaux pouvant être utilisée pour réguler le signal modifié. Le signal modifié peut être créé par modulation d'une caractéristique des signaux I, Q, telle que leur signe, avec une onde radioélectrique ou autre onde porteuse de fréquences.
PCT/US2003/031797 2002-10-08 2003-10-07 Emetteur, recepteur et systeme d'emission-reception d'ondes electromagnetiques, procedes et articles de fabrication WO2004034596A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003275481A AU2003275481A1 (en) 2002-10-08 2003-10-07 Method and apparatus for transmission using digital modulator

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41686102P 2002-10-08 2002-10-08
US60/416,861 2002-10-08
US10/610,396 2003-06-30
US10/610,396 US6870435B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2003-06-30 Electromagnetic wave transmitter, receiver and transceiver systems, methods and articles of manufacture

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994024759A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-27 Acrodyne Industries, Inc. Modulateur-emetteur equilibre
WO2000041371A2 (fr) * 1999-01-07 2000-07-13 Ericsson, Inc. Systemes et techniques de modulation de puissance en phase et en phase en quadrature (iq)
US6411655B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-06-25 Ericsson Inc. Systems and methods for converting a stream of complex numbers into an amplitude and phase-modulated radio power signal

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994024759A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-27 Acrodyne Industries, Inc. Modulateur-emetteur equilibre
US6411655B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-06-25 Ericsson Inc. Systems and methods for converting a stream of complex numbers into an amplitude and phase-modulated radio power signal
WO2000041371A2 (fr) * 1999-01-07 2000-07-13 Ericsson, Inc. Systemes et techniques de modulation de puissance en phase et en phase en quadrature (iq)

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AU2003275481A1 (en) 2004-05-04
WO2004034596A3 (fr) 2004-07-15

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