WO2004026525A1 - Procede et dispositif d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture dans une piece et ressort tubulaire comportant des fentes - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture dans une piece et ressort tubulaire comportant des fentes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004026525A1
WO2004026525A1 PCT/DE2003/003016 DE0303016W WO2004026525A1 WO 2004026525 A1 WO2004026525 A1 WO 2004026525A1 DE 0303016 W DE0303016 W DE 0303016W WO 2004026525 A1 WO2004026525 A1 WO 2004026525A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser beam
workpiece
slots
hole
laser
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/003016
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Zumstrull
Christoph Hamann
Günter LEWENTZ
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2004026525A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004026525A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/025—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape
    • F16F1/028—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by having a particular shape cylindrical, with radial openings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
    • B23K26/384—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of specially shaped holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/36—Holes, slots or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
    • H10N30/886—Additional mechanical prestressing means, e.g. springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for introducing a hole contour into a workpiece, a device for introducing a hole contour and a tubular spring with slots.
  • the invention relates to a method for introducing a perforated contour into a workpiece according to the preamble of claim 1, a device for introducing a perforated contour according to the preamble of patent claim 10 and a tube spring with perforated contours according to the preamble of patent claim 13.
  • a laser beam cutting process is used to create hole contours in a workpiece.
  • a method for laser beam cutting is known from DE 4 226 620 C2, in which a hole contour in the form of a slot is introduced into a workpiece with a laser beam.
  • the laser beam is surrounded by a gas jet, which expels material that is melted by the laser beam from the kerf that forms.
  • the method described deals with the problem of avoiding a widening of the kerf.
  • a vapor capillary of the hydrogen content of the inert cutting gas is so set high and the laser beam enveloping inert cutting gases of 0- ber Diagram the melt at the interface with such a pressure and such a pressure distribution fed such that the vapor capillary remains closed at the bottom to maintain, the temperatures of the surface of the melt are kept at the evaporation temperature and the melt is continuously expelled from the kerf on the side of the steam capillary facing away from the cutting direction.
  • a piezoelectric actuator unit is known from WO 00/08353, which has an elastic hollow body.
  • a piezoelectric actuator is prestressed in the hollow body, the hollow body being provided with recesses which are bone-shaped and run transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body.
  • the hollow body represents a tubular spring which has spring-elastic properties due to the recesses.
  • the bone-shaped recesses are introduced into a plate in a stamping process and the plate is then shaped and welded into the cylindrical hollow body.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for introducing a hole contour, wherein a desired kerf width is essentially maintained.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tubular spring with recesses which have a substantially constant width.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for introducing a hole contour into a workpiece, which simplifies the method.
  • An essential advantage of the method according to the invention is that a hole contour is introduced into the workpiece in two method steps.
  • a hole is made in the workpiece with a first laser beam and then in a second process step with a second laser beam that has a larger diameter than that has the first laser beam, starting from the hole, the desired hole contour is introduced into the plate.
  • the two-stage process essentially avoids widening of the kerf generated by the second laser beam. Since a through hole is already present when the workpiece is melted by the second laser beam, a lateral expansion of the kerf is avoided.
  • a hole contour can thus be introduced into a workpiece that has a minimum width that essentially corresponds to the diameter of the second laser beam.
  • a width of the slot which is continuous over the length of the slot is made possible in the production of slots.
  • the continuous width in turn ensures precise definition of the recesses. Due to the precise width of the slot, distances between two slots arranged in parallel can be set to a small value. This makes it possible to accommodate a high density of slots on a given area without falling below a necessary material thickness. A large elasticity can thus be generated in the workpiece.
  • a pulsed laser beam is used as the first laser beam.
  • the pulse length of the laser beam is advantageously adapted to the thickness of the workpiece, so that the hole is made in the workpiece by means of a laser pulse.
  • the second laser beam is preferably designed as a continuous laser beam. Since the second laser beam is used to introduce a larger hole contour, the continuous laser beam can be used to introduce a relatively large hole contour in a short time.
  • a slot is preferably made in the workpiece as a hole contour.
  • the method used is particularly suitable for the insertion of slots, since the width of the slot is determined by the width of the second laser beam in the is significantly determined. This enables slots with a precise width to be made in the workpiece.
  • the hole preferably has essentially the diameter of the first laser beam. In this way, the hole can be made in the workpiece without requiring movement of the first laser beam or movement of the workpiece.
  • a plate is preferably used as the workpiece which, after the hole contours have been introduced, is rolled into a cylinder and connected to a sleeve-shaped tubular spring at two adjacent longitudinal edges. In this way, a simple and quick manufacturing process for a Bourdon tube is given.
  • a drawn tube is used as the workpiece, into which hole contours are introduced.
  • An essential advantage of the device according to the invention for introducing a hole contour into a workpiece is to connect two laser heads with a holder, the laser beams of the laser heads being aligned with laterally offset machining points of the workpiece.
  • the laser beams of the two laser heads have different beam diameters.
  • the laser heads are rigidly arranged.
  • a transport device for holding and transporting the workpiece is also provided.
  • the device enables a slot structure to be introduced easily into the workpiece, since, due to the arrangement, only the workpiece has to be moved past the device according to the invention. It is not necessary to move the two laser heads.
  • the tubular spring according to the invention essentially has the advantage that slots with a continuous width are introduced. The slots can be made very quickly due to the method used. Since the width of the slots is precisely defined, a high density of slots on the Bourdon tube can be achieved.
  • the slots preferably have a width which is less than 0.5 mm.
  • the slots are designed in the form of parallel rows on the tube spring. The distances between the rows are preferably less than 0.5 mm. Due to the small spacing of slots arranged in parallel, a large elastic property of the Bourdon tube is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of rows of slots in the Bourdon tube
  • FIG. 4 shows a device for introducing a hole contour into a workpiece with two laser beams
  • FIG. 5 shows the device in a second working position
  • FIG. 6 shows the device in a third working position
  • FIG. 7 shows a tube spring made from a drawn tube.
  • Fig. 1 shows a tubular spring 15 which has a cylindrical shape and is circular in cross section, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the tubular spring 15 has an upper and a lower edge region 20, 21.
  • the tubular spring 15 serves, for example, to pretension a piezoelectric actuator which is clamped between two end plates which are firmly connected to the upper and to the lower edge regions 20, 21.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the tube spring 15 is made of a plate that is rolled and on the two long sides over a connecting seam 18 is connected.
  • the connecting seam 18 is designed, for example, in the form of a weld seam or an adhesive seam.
  • the tube spring is made from a drawn tube.
  • the tubular spring is used to pretension an actuator 25, in particular a piezoelectric actuator 25, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of an upper region of the tubular spring 15.
  • Rows 16, 17 of slots 19 are formed on the upper edge region 20.
  • the slots are arranged in a line which is preferably arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular spring 15.
  • a row 16> 17 consists of a plurality of slots 19 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.
  • the individual slots 19 are spaced apart at a fixed first distance and distributed around the cylindrical circumference of the tubular spring 15.
  • the slots of a second row 17 are laterally offset relative to the slots of the first row 16 in the longitudinal direction of the tubular spring 15, so that a slot of the second row 17 is arranged under a spacer 24 of the first row 16, over which two slots 19 of a row 16 , 17 are spaced apart. In this way, a uniform distribution of the slots 19 is achieved.
  • the slots 19 essentially have a fixed width D1.
  • the slots 19 are not enlarged in width in the end regions.
  • the distances between two slots 19 of two rows of slots 16, 17 are thus constant, so that a minimum row distance D2 for spacing the rows 16, 17 can be selected.
  • the slots 19 preferably have a width Dl in the range of less than 0.5 mm.
  • Tests have shown that advantageous elastic properties of the tubular spring 15 are achieved with a width in the size range of 0.3 mm.
  • the slot distance D2 is also in the range of 0.5 mm. Good elastic properties in the range of 0.3 mm were also achieved for the slot spacing D2.
  • the width D1 of the slots 19 is preferably the same as the row spacing D2. In this way, a symmetrical distribution of the slots 19 and the Bourdon tube wall is achieved.
  • a relatively large and uniform elasticity and on the other hand a great stability of the tubular spring 15 is achieved.
  • the plate 4 shows an arrangement for introducing a hole contour into a workpiece 1, which is preferably designed in the form of a plate.
  • the plate is made of metal, for example.
  • the plate 1 is supported on a transport device 13 with which the plate can be displaced in at least one direction.
  • a first and a second laser head 2, 3 are connected above the plate to a common holder 12 of a laser device.
  • the first laser head 2 has a first laser beam source 8, which is preferably a pulsed laser beam source.
  • the first laser beam source 8 generates a first laser beam 4, which is aligned with a first processing point 22 of the plate 1.
  • Devices are preferably provided with which the first laser beam 4 can preferably be focused on a desired beam diameter in the first processing point.
  • the first laser head 2 is preferably connected to a first gas source 10, which emits a working and / or protective gas via the first laser head 2.
  • the gas is emitted in the form of a first gas jet 6, which surrounds the first laser beam 4 in the form of a cylinder.
  • the second laser beam source 9 preferably generates a continuous second laser beam 5.
  • the second laser beam source 9 can be switched on and off.
  • the second gas source 11 generates a second gas jet 7 in the second laser head 3, which has a working and / or protective gas, is cylindrical, and the second laser beam 5 surrounds.
  • the second laser beam 5 is aligned with a second processing point 23 which is laterally offset from the first processing point 22.
  • Devices are preferably provided with which the second laser beam 5 can preferably be focused on a desired beam diameter in the second processing point 23.
  • the beam diameter of the second laser beam 5 in the second processing point 23 is preferably larger than the beam diameter of the first laser beam 4 in the first processing point 22.
  • a puncture hole 14 is made in the plate 1 with the aid of the first laser head 2.
  • the puncture hole 14 can also be designed as a slot.
  • material of the plate 1 is melted and vaporized by the first laser beam 4.
  • the melted and vaporized material is driven out of the puncture hole 14, under certain conditions with the support of the first gas jet 6.
  • some of the material is explosively driven out onto the top of the plate 1. This effect also widens the hole 14 with respect to the diameter of the first laser beam 4.
  • the diameter of the puncture hole 14 is thus larger than the diameter of the first laser beam 4.
  • the first laser beam source 8 is preferably in the form of a pulsed laser and the pulse length corresponds to the length of time required to make the puncture hole 14 in the plate 1. If the first laser beam source 8 is designed as a continuous laser beam source, then the first laser beam source 8 is only switched on briefly until the puncture hole 14 is produced. After the insertion of the puncture hole 14, the plate 1 is moved in the direction of the second processing point 23 by the transport device 13, which carries and moves the plate 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows the situation that the puncture hole .4 has reached the second machining point 23.
  • the laser beam source 9 is switched on.
  • the second laser beam 5 heats the plate 1 starting from the puncture hole 14. Since there is already a puncture hole 14 in this situation, the material of the plate 1 heated and liquefied or evaporated by the second laser beam 5 is pressed down through the puncture hole 14 and out of the puncture hole 14. In this way, a widening of a kerf generated by the second laser beam 5 is essentially avoided.
  • This effect is particularly advantageous if the diameter of the second laser beam at the second processing point is larger than the diameter of the puncture hole.
  • the width of the kerf generated by the second laser beam thus corresponds to the diameter of the second laser beam 5 at the second processing point 23.
  • the plate 1 is moved further by the transport device 13 in at least one direction, so that a slot 19 is created.
  • This situation is shown in Fig. 6. Since the material liquefied or evaporated by the second laser beam 5 is preferably pressed out immediately through the puncture hole 14 via the second gas jet 7, a width D1 of the slot 19 is obtained in this laser welding process, which width essentially corresponds to the diameter of the second laser beam 5. A constant width D1 of the slot 19 is thus obtained overall over the entire length of the slot 19.
  • slots 19 are made in the plate 1.
  • the slots of the individual rows are preferably laterally offset from one another.
  • the plate is bent into a cylindrical shape and connected on the opposite long sides of the plate.
  • a welded or glued connecting seam 18 can be selected for the connection.
  • the slots 19 can also be introduced into the plate 1 at an angle to a longitudinal axis of the resulting tubular spring 15.
  • a sleeve can first be produced from a plate 1 or a drawn tube can be used when machining the tube spring 15.
  • the hole contours are then introduced into the sleeve or tube using the device according to the invention from FIG. 4.
  • the sleeve or the tube is held by the transport device 13 and rotated to introduce the hole contours.
  • the hole contours are arranged along rows, preferably along rings, on the tube.
  • the perforated contours are applied to the tubular spring 15 along a spiral contour.
  • Other perforated contour patterns for example in the form of double or multiple spirals, can also be applied to the tubular spring 15.
  • FIG. 7 shows a tube spring which was produced from a drawn tube 30.
  • the slots 19 were arranged on a spiral line.
  • the puncture hole can be replaced by a narrow slot which is widened by the subsequent laser beam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture (19) dans une pièce (1), un dispositif d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture (19) et un ressort tubulaire comportant des fentes. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à introduire des fentes de largeur constante. A cet effet, un premier faisceau laser (8) consiste à pratiquer une ouverture d'introduction dans une plaque (1). Ensuite, un deuxième faisceau laser (9) de diamètre supérieur au premier (8), sert à pratiquer une fente (19) dans la plaque (1), à partir de l'ouverture d'introduction. Le procédé laser en deux étapes permet d'éviter que la largeur de la saignée du deuxième laser n'augmente (9). La plaque (1) peut être usinée sous forme de ressort tubulaire.
PCT/DE2003/003016 2002-09-17 2003-09-11 Procede et dispositif d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture dans une piece et ressort tubulaire comportant des fentes WO2004026525A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10243147A DE10243147B4 (de) 2002-09-17 2002-09-17 Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Lochkontur in ein Werkstück
DE10243147.7 2002-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004026525A1 true WO2004026525A1 (fr) 2004-04-01

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ID=31969163

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2003/003016 WO2004026525A1 (fr) 2002-09-17 2003-09-11 Procede et dispositif d'introduction d'un contour d'ouverture dans une piece et ressort tubulaire comportant des fentes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10243147B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004026525A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110257A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Douille élastique
EP1916439A3 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-11-04 LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG Procédé de fabrication d'un élément d'embrayage à ressort en boucle et amortisseur de vibrations de torsions
IT201600107239A1 (it) * 2016-10-25 2018-04-25 Ennio Vezzalini apparecchiatura per l'esecuzionedi una pluralità di fessure o fori o asole passanti lo spessore di tubi.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004059721A1 (de) * 2004-12-11 2006-05-04 Carl Baasel Lasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Bewässerungsschlauch und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1805600A (en) * 1929-04-27 1931-05-19 Charles L Ross Spring device
JPH01266983A (ja) * 1988-04-20 1989-10-24 Hitachi Seiko Ltd プリント基板穴明機
US4919403A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-04-24 Proprietary Technology, Inc. Serpentine strip spring
US4958101A (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-09-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Piezoelectric actuator
EP0500110A1 (fr) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Company Procédé de photo-ablation d'au moins une ouverture étagée traversant un matériau polymère et plaque présentant des ouvertures étagées ayant la fonction de buse
WO1999008330A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actionneur piezoelectrique precontraint
WO2001076808A2 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-18 Gsi Lumonics Inc. Procede et systeme de perçage par laser
US20020017511A1 (en) * 1997-01-30 2002-02-14 Kling Carl C. Configured-hole high-speed drilling system for micro-via pattern formation, and resulting structure
EP1291117A1 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode et appareil pour produire un perçage dans une pièce à l'aide d'un faisceau laser

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4226620C2 (de) * 1992-08-12 1995-01-19 Thyssen Stahl Ag Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschneiden von band- oder plattenförmigen Werkstücken, insbesondere von Elektroblech
DE59912709D1 (de) * 1998-08-06 2005-12-01 Siemens Ag Piezoelektrische aktoreinheit
DE19940055C1 (de) * 1999-08-24 2001-04-05 Siemens Ag Dosierventil

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1805600A (en) * 1929-04-27 1931-05-19 Charles L Ross Spring device
US4919403A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-04-24 Proprietary Technology, Inc. Serpentine strip spring
JPH01266983A (ja) * 1988-04-20 1989-10-24 Hitachi Seiko Ltd プリント基板穴明機
US4958101A (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-09-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Piezoelectric actuator
EP0500110A1 (fr) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Hewlett-Packard Company Procédé de photo-ablation d'au moins une ouverture étagée traversant un matériau polymère et plaque présentant des ouvertures étagées ayant la fonction de buse
US20020017511A1 (en) * 1997-01-30 2002-02-14 Kling Carl C. Configured-hole high-speed drilling system for micro-via pattern formation, and resulting structure
WO1999008330A1 (fr) * 1997-08-05 1999-02-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Actionneur piezoelectrique precontraint
WO2001076808A2 (fr) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-18 Gsi Lumonics Inc. Procede et systeme de perçage par laser
EP1291117A1 (fr) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode et appareil pour produire un perçage dans une pièce à l'aide d'un faisceau laser

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 026 (M - 921) 18 January 1990 (1990-01-18) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110257A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-10-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Douille élastique
EP1916439A3 (fr) * 2006-10-26 2009-11-04 LuK Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG Procédé de fabrication d'un élément d'embrayage à ressort en boucle et amortisseur de vibrations de torsions
IT201600107239A1 (it) * 2016-10-25 2018-04-25 Ennio Vezzalini apparecchiatura per l'esecuzionedi una pluralità di fessure o fori o asole passanti lo spessore di tubi.

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DE10243147A1 (de) 2004-04-01
DE10243147B4 (de) 2006-03-16

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