WO2004018781A1 - A method of making a pile or an earth anchor - Google Patents

A method of making a pile or an earth anchor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004018781A1
WO2004018781A1 PCT/SE2003/001262 SE0301262W WO2004018781A1 WO 2004018781 A1 WO2004018781 A1 WO 2004018781A1 SE 0301262 W SE0301262 W SE 0301262W WO 2004018781 A1 WO2004018781 A1 WO 2004018781A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
steel body
cavity
pile
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2003/001262
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Staffan Wetterling
Original Assignee
Soilex Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soilex Ab filed Critical Soilex Ab
Priority to AU2003252603A priority Critical patent/AU2003252603A1/en
Publication of WO2004018781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004018781A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material

Definitions

  • This invention refers to a method of producing a pile or an earth anchor or a combination thereof, i.e. a pile that can also resist tension load.
  • It is an object of the invention is to produce in an economic way a pile or an anchor with high probability to resist high load.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the bottom end of the pile or the anchor is situated in relatively dense soil.
  • Figs. 1-5 show different phases of the production of a pile or anchor in accordance with the invention.
  • Figs. 6-9 show different phases of an alternative production method that is also in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section through an expander body that can be used together with the above mentioned method.
  • Fig. 11 is a section defined by line 12-12 in Fig. 10.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show an expander body 10, consisting of folded steel sheet, that is a modification of an expander body shown in EP-01 2 316-A2 to which reference is made.
  • the expander body consists of a steel package 11 consisting of densely folded double steel sheet with closed profile so that it gets a circular shape when fully expanded. At its ends the steel package 11 is provided with sleeves 12, 13 attached to bottom portions 14,
  • the upper hind bottom portion 14 is attached to a pipe 16 and the lower front bottom portion 15 has a cap 17.
  • the two bottom portions are connected by plates as described in EP-0112 316-A2 and not shown here and a sealing mastic seals the steel package against the bottom portions.
  • Three strands 18, 19, 20 extend through the pipe 16 and end fittings 21 , 22, 23, attached to the strand ends, are supported by stop element 24 supported by the lower front bottom portion 15.
  • a fluid e.g. cement grout
  • Fig. 1 shows a hole 30 extending through relatively loose soil 31 , e.g. soft clay.
  • the hole can be drilled in a conventional way with drill rod and drill bit and have a diameter of e.g. 70 mm.
  • Fig. 2 shows the bottom of the hole in denser soil, e.g. dense sand 33, flushed to a diameter of e.g. 0.8-1 m over a length of e.g. 1.2 m to make room for the expander body 10 in the cavity 32.
  • This flushing is performed by ejecting water under high pressure through a valve when it is rotated and moved axially.
  • the rest of the hole up to the ground surface, is also flushed e.g.
  • Fig. 3 shows an expander body 10 inserted into the cavity and this expander body is inflated as shown in Fig. 4 by pumping cement grout through the pipe 16, that can be an extension pipe.
  • the pipe can have almost the same diameter as the hole.
  • the pipe can function as pile shaft to sustain compression load and with the strands 18-20, the shaft can also sustain tension load.
  • the cavity is produced wide enough as to permit the expander body to expand without great resistance which allows the expander body to be expanded in dense soil.
  • Post-grouting around the expanded expander body can be performed through the expander body either by using so high pressure that it starts to leak when it is fully expanded or by using a valve that opens and lets out cement grout when the expander body is expanded.
  • the valve can open automatically at a certain pressure or it can be manoeuvred e.g. using a cord. Since the expander body is inflated with a hardening medium it can be made to leak without negative influence.
  • the post-grouting can be performed through a separate hose outside of the pipe 16, the pile shaft.
  • the cavity around the expander body is filled with cement grout and the surrounding soil is reinforced.
  • the expander body can be securely expanded even in a dense soil formation, e.g. in dense sand, and a pile foot with large tip area and will be achieved.
  • the post-grouting will increase the strength of the soil formation and fully or at least partly surround the expander body with concrete.
  • the load can be sustained in a way that can not be assured by using merely flushing and grouting.
  • the placement of the strands 18-20 inside the grout- filled expander body 10 and inside the grout-filled pipe protects the strands from corrosion and offers permanent anchor functionality.
  • Figures 6-9 show an alternative method where a pipe 35 of e.g. 0.3-0.4 m diameter is first drilled, pushed or vibrated down. This method is especially suited when penetrating fill and loose to medium dense sand.
  • the pipe that is shown in place in Fig. 6 is emptied of soil by water flushing or drilling.
  • the cavity 32 (fig. 7) under the pipe is flushed in the same way as described earlier.
  • An expander body 10 as shown in figures 10 and 11 but without the pipe 16, is inserted through the empty pipe 35 and its upper end portion 14 hooks onto a stopper inside the pipe end so that the expander body will be suspended under the pipe inside the cavity 32 (fig. 8).
  • the expander body does not have to be pushed down but can be iowered down using the attached hose through which it can also be inflated with cement grout.
  • Another injection hose Iowered together with the expander body parallel to the hose for injection of the expander body and reaching down past the stopper on which the expander body hangs, is used for filling the cavity around the expander body and grouting the surrounding soil.
  • Fig. 9 shows the expander body expanded. Since the expander body is inflated through a hose, the pipe 35 can be filled with any concrete, not necessarily cement grout.
  • the two hoses and the three strands 18-20 are jointly designated 36 in figures 8 and 9.
  • the strands 18-20 can be encased in order not to be fixed in the pile shaft, so that they can be tensioned without tensioning the pile shaft.
  • the pile shaft can be reinforced with reinforcement bars.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

A pile and/or an earth anchor is produced by making a hole (30, 35) in the ground, flushing a cavity (32) at the bottom of the hole using high pressure water jetting and flushing up the loosened soil material, inserting a body (10) of folded steel sheet into the cavity, expanding the steel body with cement grout under pressure and injecting cement grout around the expanded body to concrete the steel body in the cavity. By using a pipe (30 or 35) as a pile shaft and strands anchored and concreted in the expander body and pile shaft, a pile is obtained, which can sustain compression as well as tension loads.

Description

A method of making a pile or an earth anchor
Technical area of the invention
This invention refers to a method of producing a pile or an earth anchor or a combination thereof, i.e. a pile that can also resist tension load.
Object of the invention and a short description thereof
It is an object of the invention is to produce in an economic way a pile or an anchor with high probability to resist high load. The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the bottom end of the pile or the anchor is situated in relatively dense soil.
In principle, this is achieved by making a hole making a hole, flushing a cavity at the bottom of the hole using high pressure water jetting and flushing up the loosened soil material, inserting a body of folded steel sheet into the cavity, expanding the steel body with cement grout under pressure and injecting cement grout around the expanded body to concrete the steel body in the cavity. The invention is defined by the claims.
Short description of the drawings
• Figs. 1-5 show different phases of the production of a pile or anchor in accordance with the invention.
• Figs. 6-9 show different phases of an alternative production method that is also in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section through an expander body that can be used together with the above mentioned method.
• Fig. 11 is a section defined by line 12-12 in Fig. 10.
Detailed description of the methods illustrated by the drawings
Figures 10 and 11 show an expander body 10, consisting of folded steel sheet, that is a modification of an expander body shown in EP-01 2 316-A2 to which reference is made. The expander body consists of a steel package 11 consisting of densely folded double steel sheet with closed profile so that it gets a circular shape when fully expanded. At its ends the steel package 11 is provided with sleeves 12, 13 attached to bottom portions 14,
15. The upper hind bottom portion 14 is attached to a pipe 16 and the lower front bottom portion 15 has a cap 17. The two bottom portions are connected by plates as described in EP-0112 316-A2 and not shown here and a sealing mastic seals the steel package against the bottom portions. Three strands 18, 19, 20 extend through the pipe 16 and end fittings 21 , 22, 23, attached to the strand ends, are supported by stop element 24 supported by the lower front bottom portion 15. When the inside of the steel package is pressurised by pumping a fluid, e.g. cement grout, through the pipe 16, the steel package 11 will expand to a cylindrical shape at its middle and have conical shape at its ends towards the sleeves 12, 13.
Fig. 1 shows a hole 30 extending through relatively loose soil 31 , e.g. soft clay. The hole can be drilled in a conventional way with drill rod and drill bit and have a diameter of e.g. 70 mm. Fig. 2 shows the bottom of the hole in denser soil, e.g. dense sand 33, flushed to a diameter of e.g. 0.8-1 m over a length of e.g. 1.2 m to make room for the expander body 10 in the cavity 32. This flushing is performed by ejecting water under high pressure through a valve when it is rotated and moved axially. When the cavity has been made, the rest of the hole, up to the ground surface, is also flushed e.g. to a diameter of 0.3-0.4 m. Alternatively, the hole can be drilled out using water and the material that has been flushed loose is flushed up through the hole with pressurised air injected at the same time as the water is injected. Fig. 3 shows an expander body 10 inserted into the cavity and this expander body is inflated as shown in Fig. 4 by pumping cement grout through the pipe 16, that can be an extension pipe. The pipe can have almost the same diameter as the hole. When filled with cement grout the pipe can function as pile shaft to sustain compression load and with the strands 18-20, the shaft can also sustain tension load. The cavity is produced wide enough as to permit the expander body to expand without great resistance which allows the expander body to be expanded in dense soil.
Post-grouting around the expanded expander body can be performed through the expander body either by using so high pressure that it starts to leak when it is fully expanded or by using a valve that opens and lets out cement grout when the expander body is expanded. The valve can open automatically at a certain pressure or it can be manoeuvred e.g. using a cord. Since the expander body is inflated with a hardening medium it can be made to leak without negative influence. Alternatively, the post-grouting can be performed through a separate hose outside of the pipe 16, the pile shaft.
By the post-grouting, the cavity around the expander body is filled with cement grout and the surrounding soil is reinforced. By using this flushing method, the expander body can be securely expanded even in a dense soil formation, e.g. in dense sand, and a pile foot with large tip area and will be achieved. The post-grouting will increase the strength of the soil formation and fully or at least partly surround the expander body with concrete. By using the steel expander body, the load can be sustained in a way that can not be assured by using merely flushing and grouting. The placement of the strands 18-20 inside the grout- filled expander body 10 and inside the grout-filled pipe protects the strands from corrosion and offers permanent anchor functionality.
Figures 6-9 show an alternative method where a pipe 35 of e.g. 0.3-0.4 m diameter is first drilled, pushed or vibrated down. This method is especially suited when penetrating fill and loose to medium dense sand. The pipe that is shown in place in Fig. 6 is emptied of soil by water flushing or drilling. The cavity 32 (fig. 7) under the pipe is flushed in the same way as described earlier. An expander body 10 as shown in figures 10 and 11 , but without the pipe 16, is inserted through the empty pipe 35 and its upper end portion 14 hooks onto a stopper inside the pipe end so that the expander body will be suspended under the pipe inside the cavity 32 (fig. 8). The expander body does not have to be pushed down but can be iowered down using the attached hose through which it can also be inflated with cement grout. Another injection hose, Iowered together with the expander body parallel to the hose for injection of the expander body and reaching down past the stopper on which the expander body hangs, is used for filling the cavity around the expander body and grouting the surrounding soil. Fig. 9 shows the expander body expanded. Since the expander body is inflated through a hose, the pipe 35 can be filled with any concrete, not necessarily cement grout. The two hoses and the three strands 18-20 are jointly designated 36 in figures 8 and 9. The strands 18-20 can be encased in order not to be fixed in the pile shaft, so that they can be tensioned without tensioning the pile shaft. The pile shaft can be reinforced with reinforcement bars.

Claims

_ tClaims
1. A method of producing a pile and/or an earth anchor, characterised by making a hole (30, 35) in the ground, flushing a cavity (32) at the bottom of the hole using high pressure water jetting and flushing up the loosened soil material, inserting a body (10) of folded steel sheet into the cavity, expanding the steel body with cement grout under pressure and injecting cement grout around the expanded body to concrete the steel body in the cavity.
2. Method according to claim 1 , characterised by grouting around the steel body (10) through a hole in the steel body.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterised by grouting by keeping a sufficiently high pressure to make the steel body leak when it has expanded.
4. Method according to claim 2, characterised by grouting through a valve that is opened when the steel body (10) has expanded.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that strands (18-20) are concreted inside the steel body and that the strands extend up to the ground surface.
6. Method according to any of the previous claims, characterised by that the hole in the ground consists of a pipe (30, 35) attached to the steel body (10).
7. Method according to claim 6, characterised by that first one installs the pipe (35) into the ground, sees to it that it is empty, then inserts the steel body (10) to the bottom of the hole and lets its upper portion (14) rest on a support at the lower end of the pipe.
PCT/SE2003/001262 2002-08-23 2003-08-12 A method of making a pile or an earth anchor WO2004018781A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003252603A AU2003252603A1 (en) 2002-08-23 2003-08-12 A method of making a pile or an earth anchor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0202501A SE0202501L (en) 2002-08-23 2002-08-23 Ways to make a pole and / or a tie rod
SE0202501-3 2002-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004018781A1 true WO2004018781A1 (en) 2004-03-04

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ID=20288783

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AU (1) AU2003252603A1 (en)
SE (1) SE0202501L (en)
WO (1) WO2004018781A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006024294A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-09 Foot Foundation A/S Methods for providing piled foundations for constructions, piled foundations and a balloon for providing an enlarged footing
EP2213802A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-04 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Supply device for supplying concrete and glass into the drill ribbon of a drilling device when creating a concrete borehole and method for setting a concrete borehole
CN114108664A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-01 重庆大学 Landslide treatment method by vertical small-diameter guide hole high-pressure jet grouting
CN115897588A (en) * 2023-03-09 2023-04-04 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 Construction method of novel rotary-spraying expanded-body anchor rod or anchor cable

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1032103A1 (en) * 1982-02-18 1983-07-30 Харьковский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства Pile
US4487528A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-12-11 Atlas Copco Aktibolag Earth anchoring expansion body having folded sheet metal casing
EP0134379A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-03-20 BAUTEK S.r.l. Anchor element for tie bars in civil works
US4661021A (en) * 1982-12-21 1987-04-28 Atlas Copco Actiebolag Expansion body
WO1990008855A1 (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Hoksrud Lars Oe A process for building a concrete structure in loose matter, from ground level, and equipment for carrying out said process
WO1991006713A1 (en) * 1989-10-24 1991-05-16 Groutco (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Inflatable ground anchor
US5100262A (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-03-31 Michael Richard D Expanding base deep foundation system
JPH06200524A (en) * 1993-01-06 1994-07-19 Okabe Co Ltd Lock anchor
JPH06248645A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-06 Maeda Corp Construction of ground anchor in hole expanded by high-pressure jet
WO1994023135A1 (en) * 1993-03-28 1994-10-13 Soilex Ab A method of making cast-in-situ piles
SE515997C2 (en) * 2000-10-10 2001-11-05 Soilex Ab In situ formation of pile in ground, by inserting expansion body into feed pipe in ground, lifting pipe and filling body with concrete

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4487528A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-12-11 Atlas Copco Aktibolag Earth anchoring expansion body having folded sheet metal casing
SU1032103A1 (en) * 1982-02-18 1983-07-30 Харьковский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства Pile
US4661021A (en) * 1982-12-21 1987-04-28 Atlas Copco Actiebolag Expansion body
EP0134379A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-03-20 BAUTEK S.r.l. Anchor element for tie bars in civil works
WO1990008855A1 (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Hoksrud Lars Oe A process for building a concrete structure in loose matter, from ground level, and equipment for carrying out said process
WO1991006713A1 (en) * 1989-10-24 1991-05-16 Groutco (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. Inflatable ground anchor
US5100262A (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-03-31 Michael Richard D Expanding base deep foundation system
JPH06200524A (en) * 1993-01-06 1994-07-19 Okabe Co Ltd Lock anchor
JPH06248645A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-06 Maeda Corp Construction of ground anchor in hole expanded by high-pressure jet
WO1994023135A1 (en) * 1993-03-28 1994-10-13 Soilex Ab A method of making cast-in-situ piles
SE515997C2 (en) * 2000-10-10 2001-11-05 Soilex Ab In situ formation of pile in ground, by inserting expansion body into feed pipe in ground, lifting pipe and filling body with concrete

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 198447, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q42, AN 1984-293006 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 563 (M - 1693) 27 October 1994 (1994-10-27) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 640 (M - 1717) 6 December 1994 (1994-12-06) *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006024294A1 (en) * 2004-08-30 2006-03-09 Foot Foundation A/S Methods for providing piled foundations for constructions, piled foundations and a balloon for providing an enlarged footing
EP2213802A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-04 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Supply device for supplying concrete and glass into the drill ribbon of a drilling device when creating a concrete borehole and method for setting a concrete borehole
CN101798904A (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-11 包尔机械有限公司 Supply the device of concrete and gas when concrete drill hole shape established law and boring to the rig post
CN101798904B (en) * 2009-02-02 2013-06-19 包尔机械有限公司 Device for supplying concrete and gas into drill ribbon of drilling device when forming concrete borehole
CN114108664A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-01 重庆大学 Landslide treatment method by vertical small-diameter guide hole high-pressure jet grouting
CN115897588A (en) * 2023-03-09 2023-04-04 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 Construction method of novel rotary-spraying expanded-body anchor rod or anchor cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003252603A1 (en) 2004-03-11
SE0202501D0 (en) 2002-08-23
SE0202501L (en) 2004-02-24

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