WO2004017565A1 - Verfahren und system für gsm-billing bei wlan roaming - Google Patents
Verfahren und system für gsm-billing bei wlan roaming Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004017565A1 WO2004017565A1 PCT/CH2002/000559 CH0200559W WO2004017565A1 WO 2004017565 A1 WO2004017565 A1 WO 2004017565A1 CH 0200559 W CH0200559 W CH 0200559W WO 2004017565 A1 WO2004017565 A1 WO 2004017565A1
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- billing
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/04—Billing or invoicing
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- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/14—Charging, metering or billing arrangements for data wireline or wireless communications
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- H04L63/0853—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal
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- H04M15/04—Recording calls, or communications in printed, perforated or other permanent form
- H04M15/06—Recording class or number of calling, i.e. A-party or called party, i.e. B-party
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- H04W88/08—Access point devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for seamless roaming in heterogeneous WLANs, in which, for billing and accounting purposes, a mobile IP node via a wireless interface within a basic service area of a WLAN requests access to the WLAN from an access server, the Basic service area of the WLAN comprises one or more access points assigned to the access server, and the mobile IP node is authenticated by means of an IMSI stored on a SIM card of the mobile IP node.
- the invention relates to a method for mobile nodes in heterogeneous WLANs.
- Computer networks or local area networks usually consist of so-called nodes, which are connected via physical media, such as coaxial cables, twisted pairs or optical fiber cables. These LANs are also referred to as wired LANs.
- wireless LANs so-called wireless LANs
- Wireless LANs have also become increasingly popular (for example, through developments such as the AirPort system from Apple Computer, Inc. etc.).
- Wireless LANs are particularly suitable for integrating mobile units (nodes), such as laptops, notebooks, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) or mobile devices, in particular mobile phones, into a local computer network with an appropriate interface.
- the mobile nodes have an adapter which comprises a transmitter / receiver and a control card (such as an infrared (IR) adapter or a low-frequency radio wave adapter).
- a control card such as an infrared (IR) adapter or a low-frequency radio wave adapter.
- the advantage of such mobile nodes is that they can be moved freely within the range of the wireless LAN.
- the mobile nodes either communicate directly with each other (peer-to-peer wireless LAN) or send their signal to a base station, which amplifies and / or forwards the signal.
- the base stations can also include bridge functions.
- the mobile nodes of the wireless LAN can access a wired LAN via such base stations with bridge functions, so-called access points (AP).
- AP access points
- Typical network functions of an access point include the transmission of messages from one mobile node to another, the sending of messages from the wired LAN to a mobile node and the transmission of messages from a mobile node to the wired LAN.
- the physical range of an AP is called the Basic Service Area (BSA). If there is a mobile node within an AP's BSA, it can use it AP communicate if the AP is also within the signal range (Dynamic Service Area (DSA)) of the mobile node.
- DSA Dynamic Service Area
- APs are assigned to an Access Server, which, among other things, monitors and manages the authorization of the mobile nodes using a user database. The entire area covered by the APs of an access server is referred to as a so-called hot spot.
- Mobile nodes typically have a signal strength of 100 mWatt up to one watt.
- the AP In order to connect the wireless LAN to the wired LAN, it is important for the AP to determine whether a specific message (information frame) on the network is intended for a node that lies within the wired LAN or within the wireless LAN, and if necessary, forward this information to the corresponding node.
- APs have so-called bridge functions, for example in accordance with the IEEE Std 802.1 D-1990 standard "Media Access Control Bridge" (31-74 ff). With such bridge functions, a new mobile node in the wireless LAN is typically registered in an FDB (Filtering Database) of the AP, within the range of which the node is located.
- FDB Feiltering Database
- the AP For each information frame on the LAN, the AP compares the destination address with the addresses (MAC addresses (Media Access Control Addresses)) that it has stored and sends in the FDB, discards or transmits the frame to the wired LAN or to the wireless LAN.
- MAC addresses Media Access Control Addresses
- IP Internet Protocol
- IP Internet Protocol
- IP address home address
- dynamic IP care-of address specifies the current location of the mobile node in the network. The assignment of the two addresses allows the IP data packets to be redirected to the correct, current address of the mobile node.
- IEEE 802.1x in the current version 802.11 from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association. IEEE 802.1x authentication allows authenticated access to IEEE 802 media such as Ethernet, Tokenring and / or 802.11 wireless LAN.
- the 802.11 protocol generates a 1 or 2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band for wireless LAN, ie for wireless, local networks, using either FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) or DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum).
- 802.1x supports EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) and TLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security). 802.11 also supports RADIUS.
- the IEEE 802.1x protocol is a so-called port-based authentication protocol. It can be used in any environment in which a port, ie an interface of a device, can be determined. There are three different types of authentication based on 802.1x.
- the user's device (supplicant / client), the authenticator and the authentication server.
- the authenticator is responsible for authenticating the supplicant. Authenticator and supplicant are connected, for example, via a point-to-point LAN segment or an 802.11 wireless link.
- Authenticator and supplicant have a defined port, a so-called port access entity (PAE), which defines a physical or virtual 802.1x port.
- PEE port access entity
- the authentication server generates the authentication services required by the authenticator. This is how he verifies the authorization data supplied by the supplicant with regard to the claimed identity.
- the authentication servers are mostly based on RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
- RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
- the use of the RADIUS authentication protocol and account system is widespread for network units such as routers, modem servers, switches etc. and is used by most Internet Service Providers (ISP).
- ISP Internet Service Providers
- the RADIUS server checks this information and authorizes the user to the ISP system.
- the reason for the spread of RADIUS is, among other things, that network units generally cannot deal with a very large number of network users, each with different authentication information, since this would, for example, exceed the storage capacity of the individual network units.
- RADIUS allows the central administration of a large number of network users (adding, deleting users, etc.). For ISP (Internet Service Providers), for example, this is a necessary prerequisite for their service, since their number of users often comprises several thousand to several tens of thousands of users.
- RADIUS also creates a certain permanent protection against hackers.
- Remote authentication of RADIUS based on TACACS + (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System +) and LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is relatively secure against hackers.
- Many other remote authentication protocols on the other hand, have only temporary, insufficient or no protection against hacker attacks. Another advantage is that RADIUS is currently the de facto standard for remote authentication, with which RADIUS is supported by almost all systems, which is not the case with other protocols.
- EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
- PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
- RRC Request for Comments
- PPP Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP
- a computer can be used with PPP e.g. connect to the server of an ISP.
- PPP works in the data link layer of the OSI model and sends the computer's TCP / IP packets to the ISP server, which forms the interface to the Internet.
- SLIP protocol Serial Line Internet Protocol
- PPP works more stable and has error corrections.
- the Extensible Authentication Protocol is a protocol on a very general level that supports a wide range of authentication methods, such as Token cards, Kerberos from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), strike list passwords, certificates, public key authentication and smart cards or so-called integrated circuit cards (ICC).
- MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- ICC integrated circuit cards
- EAP electronic personal area network
- a user requests wireless communication at an access point (AP), i.e. a connection HUP for the remote access client or supplicant to the WLAN, access to the wireless LAN.
- the AP requests the supplicant to identify the user and transmits the identification to the above-mentioned authentication server, which e.g. based on RADIUS.
- the authentication server allows the access point to check the identification of the user.
- the AP fetches this authentication data from the supplicant and transmits it to the authentication server, which ends the authentication.
- EAP any authentication method creates a remote access connection.
- the exact authentication scheme is each between the supplicant and the authenticator (ie the remote access server, the Internet Authentication Service (IAS) server or, in the case of WLAN, the access point).
- IAS Internet Authentication Service
- EAP supports many different authentication schemes, such as generic token card, MD5 challenge, transport level security (TLS) for smart cards, S / Key and possible future authentication technologies.
- EAP permits question-answer communication between the supplicant and authenticator, which is not limited in number, the authenticator or the authentication server requesting specific authentication information and the supplicant, ie the remote access client, responding. For example, the
- Authentication server via the authenticator with the so-called security token cards first request a user name, then a PIN (Personal Identity Number) and finally a token card value from the supplicant. A further authentication level is carried out for each question-answer session. If all authentication levels are answered successfully, the supplicant is authenticated.
- a specific EAP authentication scheme is called an EAP type. Both sides, i.e. The supplicant and authenticator must support the same EAP type so that authentication can be carried out. As mentioned, this is initially defined between supplicant and authenticator.
- Authentication servers based on RADIUS normally support EAP, which gives the option of sending EAP messages to a RADIUS server.
- GSM authentication is based on a question-answer procedure, a so-called challenge-response procedure.
- the authentication algorithm of the SIM card is given a 128-bit random number (usually referred to as RAND) as a challenge.
- RAND 128-bit random number
- a confidential algorithm specific to the respective operator then runs on the SIM card, which receives as input the random number RAND and a secret key Ki stored on the SIM card and uses it to generate a 32-bit response (SRES) and a 64- bit key Kc generated.
- SRES 32-bit response
- Kc is about to encrypt the data transfer Wireless interfaces intended (GSM Technical Specification GSM 03.20 (ETS 300 534): "Digital cellular telecommunication System (Phase 2); Security related network functions", European Telecommunications Standards Institute, August 1997).
- EAP / SIM authentication uses multiple RAND challenges to generate multiple 64-bit Kc keys. These Kc keys are combined into a longer session key.
- the RAND challenges also have a Message Authentication Code (MAC) to generate mutual authentication.
- MAC Message Authentication Code
- the authentication server should have an interface to the GSM network.
- the authentication server thus works as a gateway between the Internet Authentication Service (I AS) server network and the GSM authentication infrastructure.
- I AS Internet Authentication Service
- the authentication server requests the supplicant, among other things, the user's International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) from the supplicant with a first EAP request.
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
- the authentication server receives n GSM triplets on request from the authentication center (AuC) of the corresponding mobile radio network service provider, usually referred to in the GSM network as the Home Location Register (HLR) or Visitor Location Register (VLR).
- HLR Home Location Register
- VLR Visitor Location Register
- Authentication server a message authentication code for n * RAND and a lifetime for the key (together MAC_RAND) and a session key. With these the authentication server can carry out the GSM authentication on the SIM card of the supplicant or the user. Since RAND is given to the supplicant together with the message authentication code MAC_RAND, it becomes possible for the supplicant to check whether the RANDs are new and have been generated by the GSM network.
- TAP protocol Transferred Account Procedure
- TAP Transferred Account Procedure
- TAP3 Transferred Account Procedure
- Roaming data or voice traffic between different mobile radio networks is billed using the TAP protocol.
- Roaming call records are typically created either as TAP or as CIBER (Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer) records.
- CIBER Records are used by mobile network operators who work with AMPS based technologies, such as AMPS, IS-136 TDMA and IS-95 CDMA.
- TAP is primarily used by GSM mobile network service providers and is the main protocol for billing in GSM-dominated areas.
- a call by a user who is in a foreign network is registered in a mobile switching center (MSC) of the network.
- MSC mobile switching center
- Each call creates one or more call records.
- the GSM standard for these records is defined in GSM 12.05, although many providers use their own formats.
- the MSC call records are transferred to a VPLMN billing system for billing.
- These call records are then converted to TAP format and assigned to the corresponding user.
- the TAP records will be sent to the relevant mobile network service provider within 36 hours at the latest.
- the TAP files also contain information regarding the provider service tariff (IOT: Inter Operator Tariff) and all other bilateral agreements and discount schemes.
- IOT Inter Operator Tariff
- the TAP records are directly or more usually via a clearing house, e.g.
- HPMN Home Public Mobile Network
- TAP record from the VPLMN
- HPMN forwards the records to the service provider, who can also recalculate the calls, in particular according to their own tariffs, and billing with e.g. Call details created for the user.
- TAP3 supports a variety of services. TAP3 is used today for billing between GSM service providers and GSM service providers, GSM service providers and non-GSM service providers (inter-standard roaming) and GSM service providers and satellite service providers etc. The three basic service categories of voice, fax and so-called supplementary services have been supported since TAP1.
- SMS Short Message Service
- SMS-C Third Party Short Message Service Center
- a roaming user can send an SMS (MO -SMS) by using the SMS-C of an external network.
- SMS The billing of SMS services is therefore only fully supported from TAP2 +.
- TAP3 billing of single circuit switched data, HSCSD (high speed circuit switched data) and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is also supported.
- TAP3 also supports all Value Added Services (VAS), such as the so-called billing for content.
- VAS Value Added Services
- billing value added services is often difficult because it requires the consent of the service provider to the billed services.
- Customized Application Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is supported from TAP3.4. CAMEL is particularly important for applications in prepaid services for roaming users and should become increasingly important in the future.
- TAP3 Another important application of TAP3 is the support of billing based on Inter Operator Tariff (IOT).
- IOT Inter Operator Tariff
- HPMN home network service provider
- VPMN third-party service provider
- the HPMN can easily verify them and adjust their tariffs.
- the ability to bill roaming services regardless of where the user is located is a valuable tool for mobile network service providers and prevents loss of income in the event of interim discounts through a VPMN.
- the TAP-ProtokoII also includes detailed information about where exactly a call was made, where a service was taken, etc., and where it was directed to.
- This information helps to create a profile of the respective user based on their behavior, which provides important information in order to adapt and optimize the range of services to the needs of the users. In particular, it can be used to offer special location-based services, such as sports or concert events, etc.
- RAP Returned Accounts Procedure
- TAP3 differentiated error handling is also possible.
- RAP the HPMN can check incoming TAP files for validity and conformity with the TAP standard, and if so discard necessary without loss of billing for services.
- the prior art has various disadvantages. It is possible, e.g. to use the authentication methods of the GSM networks in wireless LAN technology for the authentication of supplicants or remote access clients with an EAP-SIM, provided the user has an IMSI with a GSM service provider. In principle, it is also possible to use e.g. Mobile IP of the IEFT (Internet Engineering Task Force) to redirect (route) data streams to the corresponding mobile remote access client registered with an access server via an access point.
- IEFT Internet Engineering Task Force
- this does not solve all of the problems of mobile network use that would allow the user to roam freely.
- One of the problems is that the requirements for security, billing and service authorization required in the GSM standard no longer exist in the IP network. This is intrinsically related to the open architecture of the IP protocol.
- a user should be able to roam easily between different hot spots without having to make any effort to register, billing, service authorization etc. with the various WLAN service providers would have to enjoy the same comfort as it is used to from cellular technology, such as GSM.
- the power IP node accesses and accesses an access point of a WLAN via a wireless interface within a basic service area of a WLAN for power recording and billing when roaming a mobile IP node in heterogeneous WLANs
- the basic service area of the WLAN comprises one or more access points assigned to an access server, in which the mobile IP node transmits an IMSI stored on a SIM card of the mobile IP node to the access server in response to a request from the access server and the IMSI of the IP node is stored in a database of a SIM RADIUS module, a SIM radius module using a SIM user database and a SIM gateway module, the logical IP data channel of the WLAN for corresponding GSM data for signal - and data channels of a GSM network added user-specifically, by means of which supplemented signal and data channels an authentication and / or Se rvice authorization of the mobile IP node based on the IMSI of the SIM card of the mobile node is carried out for an HLR and
- a first call detail record can be e.g. only include SIM-based authentication information.
- a second call detail record can be used as a variant, e.g. based at least on the IP address of the mobile IP node and identifications of the service providers whose performance was claimed by the mobile node.
- the billing management database can e.g. Include IP addresses and / or GSM identification of users and / or service providers.
- the first call detail records of the mobile IP node, which are transmitted from the access server to the billing module can include SIM-based, while the second call detail records, which are transmitted from the access server to the proxy module, are IP-based, e.g. on RADI US information may be created.
- the data stream of the mobile IP node is accessed via an access point when accessing the WLAN Cellular network service provider.
- This has the advantage, among other things, that the mobile radio network service provider has complete control over the data flow. In this way, he can specifically assign service authorizations, carry out detailed billing and install security mechanisms. Among other things, he can use it to connect the open, difficult to control IP world with, for example, the Internet, with the advantages of the GSM world. This has played a major role in recent times, for example with regard to liability issues of the provider or service provider.
- the TAP files are created based at least on inter operator tariffs and public mobile network TAP identification codes.
- the billing management database includes inter operator tariffs and public mobile network TAP identification codes.
- HPMN home network service provider
- VPMN external network service provider
- the HPMN can also easily recalculate each connection and / or call according to its own tariffs, etc.
- the present invention also relates to a system for carrying out this method. Variants of the present invention are described below with the aid of examples. The examples of the designs are illustrated by the following attached figures:
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates a method according to the invention and a system for authenticating a user when roaming in heterogeneous WLANs, mobile IP nodes 20 being connected to a SIM card 201 via a contact interface and by means of a wireless connection 48 Access points 21/22 of the WLAN.
- An access server 23 of the WLAN authenticates the mobile IP node 20 based on an IMSI stored on the SIM card 201 in an HLR 37 and / or VLR 37 of a GSM mobile radio network.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram, which also schematically illustrates a method and a system for authenticating a user when roaming in heterogeneous WLANs, wherein mobile IP nodes 20 are connected to a SIM card 201 via a contact interface and by means of a wireless connection 48 access a WLAN.
- the WLAN is via an access server 23 with a GSM mobile radio network, in particular an HLR 37 and / or VLR 37, a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) 50 via a GRX module 51 (GRX: GPRS Roaming eXchange), an Internet service Provider 52 and a clearing system 53 connected for the billing of the claimed services.
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates a method according to the invention and a system for seamless roaming in heterogeneous WLANs, the open IP world by means of the method and system according to the invention via interfaces of authentication 371, SS7 372, service authorization 531 and billing 532 connected to the more restrictive GSM world.
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates the structure of an IEEE 802.1x port-based authentication method, the supplicant or remote access client 20 using an authenticator or Remote Access Server 21 is authenticated with an authentication server 23, the WLAN based on IEEE 802.11.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates a possible embodiment variant for SIM authentication using the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), a GSM-based challenge response method being used.
- EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
- FIG. 6 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates the structure of a service recording and billing (billing and accounting) in the mixed environment of GSM networks 63/64 and / or fixed networks (PSTN) 61/62 according to the prior art.
- FIG. 6 shows the role of the TAP protocol in GSM billing and accounting between different network service providers 61/62/63/64.
- FIG. 7 shows a block diagram, which schematically shows the structure of a service recording and billing (billing and accounting) between GSM home network service provider 80 and GSM external network service provider 81 according to the prior art using the TAP protocol.
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates a method and a system according to the invention for power recording and billing when roaming a mobile IP node 20 in heterogeneous WLANS.
- First call detail records are transferred from an access server 23/1001 to a billing module 1003 and second call detail records from the access server to a proxy module 1002.
- the claimed service is billed 1016 by a provider 1008 of a fixed network 1007 and / or the TAP files 1017 are transmitted to a GSM 1005 service provider 1006 for billing.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an architecture that can be used to implement the authentication of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates a method and a system for authenticating a user when roaming in heterogeneous WLANs.
- reference numeral 20 refers to a Mobile IP node, which has the necessary infrastructure, including hardware and software components, to implement a method and / or system according to the invention.
- Mobile nodes 20 include all possible so-called customer premise equipment (CPE) which are intended for use at different network locations and / or different networks. These include, for example, all IP-compatible devices such as PDAs, mobile phones and laptops.
- the mobile CPEs or nodes 20 have one or more different physical network interfaces that can also support several different network standards.
- Network interfaces of the mobile node can include interfaces to WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), Bluetooth, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), GPRS (Generalized Packet Radio Service), USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Services Data), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and / or Ethernet or another wired LAN (Local Area Network) etc. include.
- the reference number 48 stands for the various heterogeneous networks, such as a Bluetooth network, e.g. for installations in covered locations, a cellular network with GSM and / or UMTS etc., a wireless LAN, e.g.
- Wired LAN ie a local fixed network, in particular also the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) etc.
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
- the interfaces 202 of the mobile IP node can be used not only for packet-switched interfaces as used directly by network protocols such as Ethernet or Tokenring, but also for circuit-switched interfaces using protocols such as PPP (Point to Point Protocol), SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) or GPRS (Generalized Packet Radio Service) can be used, ie which interfaces have no network address such as a MAC or a DLC address.
- PPP Point to Point Protocol
- SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol
- GPRS Generalized Packet Radio Service
- communication via the LAN for example by means of special short messages, for example SMS (Short Message Services), EMS (Enhanced Message Services), via a signaling channel, such as USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Services) Data) or other technologies such as MExE (Mobile Execution Environment), GPRS (Generalized Packet Radio Service), WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or via IEEE wireless 802.1x or another user channel.
- the mobile IP node 20 can comprise a mobile IP module and / or an IPsec module.
- the main task of the Mobile IP is to authenticate the mobile IP node 20 in the IP network and to redirect the IP packets that have the mobile node 20 as the destination address accordingly.
- IPsec IP security protocol
- IPsec IP security protocol
- IPsec IP Security Architecture
- Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 11/1999 or A Technical Guide to IPsec; James S et al .; CRC Press, LLC; 12/2000 etc.
- IPsec has been described in this embodiment as an example for the use of security protocols at IP level, all possible other security protocols or mechanisms or even the omission of security protocols are conceivable according to the invention.
- the mobile IP node 20 is connected via a contact interface to a SIM card 201 (SIM: Subscriber Identity Module) on which an IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identifier) of a user of GSM networks is stored.
- SIM Subscriber Identity Module
- IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identifier
- the mobile IP node 20 requests access to the WLAN via a wireless interface 202 within a basic service area of a WLAN at an access point 21/22.
- the different WLANs of different hot spots can include heterogeneous network standards and protocols, such as WLAN based on the IEEE wireless 802.1x, Bluetooth etc.
- the basic service area of the WLAN comprises one or more access points 21/22 assigned to an access server 23.
- the mobile IP node 20 Upon a request from the access server 23, the mobile IP node 20 transmits an IMSI stored on the SIM card 201 of the mobile IP node 20 to the access server 23.
- the IMSI of the mobile IP node 20 is transmitted using a SIM RADIUS Moduis 30 saved.
- the logical IP data channel of the WLAN for corresponding GSM data for signal and data channels of a GSM network is supplemented in a user-specific manner by means of information stored in a SIM user database 34.
- the GSM system includes data channels, the so-called traffic channels, and
- the traffic channels e.g. TCH / FS, TCH / HS, TCH / F9.6 / 4.8 / 2.4 and TCH / H4.8 / 2.4 etc.
- the signaling channels e.g. CCCH: Common Control Channels, R ⁇ CH: Random Access Channels, DCCH: Dedicated Control Channels, CBCH: Cell Broadcast Channel etc.
- the logical channels cannot all be used at the same time via the interface, but only in certain combinations based on the GSM specifications.
- a SIM gateway module 32 is used to carry out the authentication of the IP node based on the GSM data, the necessary SS7 / M AP functions (SS7: Signaling System 7 of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) / MAP: Mobile Application Part of the GSM standard), the SIM RADIUS module 30 using the SIM user database 34 and SIM gateway module 32 generating the authentication of the mobile IP node based on the IMSI of the SIM card 201 of the mobile node 20 at an HLR 37 (Home Location Register) and / or VLR 37 (Visitor Location Register) of a GSM network.
- HLR 37 Home Location Register
- VLR 37 Visitor Location Register
- the ITU's SS7 telecommunications protocol is characterized by so-called high-speed circuit switching with out-of-band signaling, whereby service switching points (SSPs), signal transfer points (STPs), and service control points (SCPs) (often together as SS7 nodes) can be used.
- SSPs service switching points
- STPs signal transfer points
- SCPs service control points
- Out-of-band signaling is a signal transmission for which the same data channel as for data or voice transmission is not used.
- a separate digital channel (signal channel) is generated, via which signals between two network components typically at 56 or 64 kilobits per second can be transferred.
- the SS7 architecture is designed in such a way that every network component (node) can exchange signals with every other SS7-capable node and not just switches that are directly connected to each other.
- Nodes 20 can be carried out, for example, using the Extensible Authentication Protocol.
- the EAP-based method for authenticating a user and for assigning session keys to the user by means of the GSM Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) the following challenge-response method can be used, for example.
- the authentication algorithm of the SIM card is given a 128-bit random number (RAND) as a challenge.
- RAND random number
- a confidential algorithm specific to the respective operator then runs on the SIM card, which receives as input the random number RAND and a secret key Ki stored on the SIM card and uses it to generate a 32-bit response (SRES) and a 64- bit key Kc generated.
- SRES 32-bit response
- Kc 64- bit key
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure between the mobile IP node 20, the access point 21 and the access server 23 in an IEEE 802.1x port-based authentication method, the mobile IP node 20 (remote access client / supplicant) via the access Point 21 (Authenticator) is authenticated with the Access Server 23 (Authentication Server).
- the WLAN is based on IEEE 802.11.
- the SIM gateway module 32 acts as a gateway between the Internet Authentication Service (IAS) server network and the GSM authentication infrastructure, ie the access point 21/22 or the access server 23 and the HLR 37 or the VLR 37.
- IAS Internet Authentication Service
- the access server 23 requests from the mobile IP node 20, inter alia, the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) of the user with a first EAP request 1 through the access point 21/22. This is from the mobile IP Node transmitted to access point 21/22 using EAP response 2.
- IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
- the access server 23 receives n GSM triplets in response to a triplet request from the corresponding HLR 37 or VLR 37.
- the access server 23 can receive a message authentication code for n * RAND and a lifetime for the key (together MAC_RAND) and a session key.
- the access server 23 then sends, for example, an EAP request of type 18 (SIM) to the mobile IP node 20 and receives the corresponding EAP response 4.
- EAP data packets of the type SIM also have a special subtype field.
- the first EAP request / SIM is of subtype 1 (start). This package contains the list of EAP / SIM protocol version numbers that are supported by the Access Server 23.
- the EAP response / SIM (start) 4 (FIG. 5) of the mobile IP node 20 contains the version number selected by the mobile IP node 20.
- the mobile IP node 20 must select one of the version numbers specified in the EAP request.
- the EAP response / SIM (start) of the mobile IP node 20 also contains a proposed life for the key and a random number NONCE_MT, which was generated by the mobile IP node. All subsequent EAP requests all contain the same version as the EAP response / SIM (start) data packet of the mobile IP node 20.
- this embodiment variant has a SIM gateway module 32 in order to carry out the GSM authentication. that functions as a gateway between the access server 23 and the HLR 37 or the VLR 37. After receiving the EAP response / SIM, the access server 23 receives an n GSM triplet from the HLR / VLR 37 of the GSM network.
- the access server 23 calculates MAC_RAND and the session key K from the triplets.
- the calculation of the cryptographic values of the SIM-generated session key K and the message authentication code MAC-Rand and MAC_SRES can be done, for example, in the document "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication "by H. Krawczyk, M. Bellar and R. Canetti (RFC2104, Feb. 1997).
- the next EAP request 5 (FIG. 5) from the access server 23 is of the SIM and subtype challenge.
- the request 5 contains the RAND challenges, the lifespan of the key decided by the access server 23, a message authentication code for the challenges and the lifespan (MAC_RAND).
- the GSM authentication algorithm 6 runs on the SIM card and calculates a copy of MAC_RAND.
- the mobile IP node 20 checks that the calculated value of MAC_RAND is equal to the value of MAC_RAND obtained. If the two values do not match, the mobile IP node 20 terminates the authentication process and does not send any authentication values calculated by the SIM card to the network. Since the value RAND is obtained together with the message authentication code MAC_RAND, the mobile IP node 20 can ensure that RAND is new and was generated by the GSM network. If all checks have been correct, the mobile IP node 20 sends an EAP-Response / SIM (Challenge) 7, which contains MAC_SRES of the mobile IP node 20 in response.
- the access server 23 checks that
- EAP-Success data packet 8 (FIG. 5), which indicates to the mobile IP node 20 that the authentication was successful.
- the access server 23 can additionally send the received session key with the authentication message (EAP-Success) to the access point 21/22. If authentication is successful, a location update is carried out on the HLR 37 and / or VLR 37 and the mobile IP node 20 receives a corresponding entry in a customer database of the access server, the WLAN being released for use by the mobile IP node 20. As mentioned, this has among other things the advantage that seamless roaming between different and heterogeneous WLANs is possible.
- the roaming of the user is possible without having to strive for registration, billing, service authorization etc. with the various WLAN service providers, i.e. that the user enjoys the same level of comfort as that offered by mobile technology, e.g. GSM, is used.
- mobile technology e.g. GSM
- the invention also allows a method for roaming in WLANs to be generated without a corresponding module having to be installed in each access server.
- the infrastructure (WLAN / GSM) can be taken over unchanged by using RADIUS.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 schematically show a method and system according to the invention, as via the interfaces of FIG Authentication 371, SS7 372, service authorization 531 and billing 532, the open IP world 57 are connected to the more restrictive GSM world 58.
- the reference number 38 indicates different mobile radio network service providers with assigned HLR VLR 37.
- the data stream of the mobile IP node 20 to be routed from the access point 21/22 via the mobile radio network service provider 38 when accessing the WLAN. This allows the mobile radio network service provider 38 to issue user-specific service authorization for the use of different services based on the authentication by means of the IMSI and / or to carry out user-specific billing of the claimed service.
- the service authorization could, however, be carried out, for example, by means of a module 214 directly at the access point 21/22.
- further mobile IP nodes 20 are connected to a SIM card 201 via a contact interface and access a WLAN by means of a wireless connection 48.
- the WLAN is via an access server 23 with a GSM mobile radio network, in particular an HLR 37 and / or VLR 37, a GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) 50 via a GRX module 51 (GRX: GPRS Roaming eXchange), an Internet service provider 52 and a clearing system 53 for billing the claimed services.
- the SIM user database 34 is connected to a sync module 35 and a sync database 36 for changing or deleting existing user data records or for inserting new user data records, wherein the comparison of the databases 34/36 is carried out periodically and / or by
- the sync module 35 and the sync database 36 can be assigned hardware or software as independent network components, for example as an independent IP node and / or GSM component or another system component and / or in another system component be integrated.
- the mobile radio network operators 38 can change or delete existing user data records or insert new user data records in the same Do the same as before with your user databases, that is, without having to buy or maintain additional systems.
- FIG. 6 shows a block diagram which schematically illustrates the structure of a service recording and billing (billing and accounting) in the mixed environment of GSM networks 63/64 and / or fixed networks (PSTN) 61/62 according to the prior art.
- FIG. 7 shows in a block diagram the structure of a service recording and billing (billing and accounting) between GSM home network service provider 80 and GSM external network service provider 81 according to the prior art, likewise using the TAP protocol.
- TAP-ProtokoII TAP: Transferred Account Procedure
- TADIG Transferred Account Data Interchange Group
- reference numbers 61 and 62 represent fixed network service providers (PSTN / ISDN).
- Reference number 70 is the normal billing and accounting of landline calls among landline service providers of the prior art.
- the reference number 71 is billing and accounting between different GSM mobile network providers 63/64 using the TAP protocol.
- Reference number 72 is the wholesale billing mentioned, while reference number 73 accordingly represents retail billing.
- the reference numbers 65/66 stand for GSM service providers. The users 57/58 are therefore either billed using wholesale billing 72 via a service provider 65/66 or directly using retail billing 72 through the GSM mobile network service provider 63/64.
- Figure 7 shows one possible
- a call by a user 90 who is in a foreign network (VPLMN: Visited Public Landed Mobile Network) 81/902 is registered in a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 812 of the network 81.
- MSC Mobile Switching Center
- Each call thus generates one or more call records 813.
- the GSM standard for these records is defined in GSM 12.05, although many providers use their own formats.
- the call records 813 of the MSC 812 are transmitted to a billing system 811 of the VPLMN 81 for billing. These call records 813 are then in TAP format 814 converted and assigned to the corresponding user 90.
- the TAP records 814 are sent to the corresponding mobile network service provider 801 of the home network 80 at the latest within 36 hours.
- the TAP files 814 additionally contain information regarding the provider service tariff (IOT: Inter Operator Tariff) and all other bilateral agreements and discount schemes.
- IOT Inter Operator Tariff
- the TAP records are sent directly or more usually through a clearing house, such as a clearing house. If the home network operator (HPMN: Home Public Mobile Network) 801 receives a TAP record 814 from the VPLMN 811, this is converted into a corresponding internal format 802 and offset together with the normal call records of the user 90, which he generates in the home network 80.
- HPMN Home Public Mobile Network
- the HPMN 801 forwards the records 802 to the service provider 82, who can also recalculate the calls, in particular according to their own tariffs, and the billing 83 with e.g. Call details for user 90 generate 821.
- user 90 is therefore always billed 901 via HPLMN 801.
- FIG. 8 shows a method and system according to the invention for power recording and billing when roaming a mobile IP node 20 in heterogeneous WLANs, the mobile IP node 20 via a wireless interface within a basic service area of a WLAN to an access point 21/22 of a WLAN accesses.
- the basic service area of the WLAN comprises one or more access points 21/22 assigned to an access server 23/1001.
- the mobile IP node 20 transmits an IMSI stored on a SIM card 201 of the mobile IP node 20 to the access server 23/1001 in response to a request from the access server 23/1001.
- the IMSI of the IP node 20 is stored in a database 31 of a SIM RADIUS module 30.
- a SIM radius module 30 supplements the logical IP data channel of the WLAN in a user-specific manner by means of a SIM user database 34 and a SIM gateway module 32 to corresponding GSM data for signal and data channels of a GSM network.
- Authentication and / or service authorization of the mobile IP node 20 based on the IMSI of the SIM card 201 of the mobile node 20 in an HLR 37 and / or VLR 37 of a GSM network is carried out via the supplemented signal and data channels, as in FIG Figure 1, 2 and 3 described performed.
- a billing module 1003 accesses the access server 23/1001 by means of a billing gateway interface 1031.
- first call detail records of the mobile IP node 20 are transmitted 1011 from the access server 23/001 to the billing module 1003.
- the billing module 1003 has an associated software and / or hardware-implemented module, by means of which it can fetch CDR files from the access server 23/1001 via the billing gateway interface 1031 and transmit them to the billing module 1003 and / or the proxy module 1002.
- the download can occur periodically, such as daily, and / or upon requests from an access server 23/1001 and / or the billing module 1003 and / or the proxy module 1002.
- Such a first call detail record can be, for example, with a correspondingly defined one File application identifier in the billing module 1003.
- a first call detail record can include, for example, SIM-based authentication information.
- the SIM-based authentication information can include a hotspot ID, a file number for the order of the files received and a so-called transfer cut-off timestamp (as defined, for example, in GSM PRD TD.57).
- the CDR can be stored in three different directories on an access server, for example. For example, a directory with open files, i.e. files that are still being changed, a directory with files that are closed (ie no longer changed) but are marked as not to be sent, and finally a directory with files that are closed and are ready to transmit.
- the billing gateway interface 1031 comprises an assigned billing management database 1032 with the configuration profile of each access server 23/1001.
- the billing module 23/1001 can receive the communication profile for a desired access server 23/1001 of a hot spot from the billing management database 1032.
- the billing management database 1032 contains all the necessary profiles and operating configurations that are required for data exchange and operation with the GSM service providers 1006, WLAN service providers and hotspots.
- the billing management database 1032 can in particular include, for example, IP addresses and / or GSM identification of the users and / or service providers. Based on information from the billing management database 1032, among others, the CDR (IP addresses etc.), TAP files (PMN codes (Public Mobile Network TAP Identifier Code), IOTs), invoicing instructions for the WLAN service providers (amount, etc.) and hotspot authorization for GSM service providers (signaling, etc.).
- An automated update method of the billing management database by means of a signaling gateway module is particularly conceivable as an embodiment variant. Such an update method would allow consistent and up-to-date authentication and authorization of the billing module 1003 with the different access servers 1001.
- second call detail records of the mobile IP node 20 are transmitted 1010 to a proxy module 1002, wherein the proxy module 1002 detects at least the identity of the mobile IP node 20 and / or the duration and / or provider of the claimed service and sends it to the Billing module 1003 passes on 1012.
- the download can be done using the software and / or hardware module mentioned, which can get CDR files from the access server 23/1001 via the billing gateway interfaces 1031 and to the billing module 1003 and / or the proxy module 1002 can transmit.
- the download can occur periodically, such as daily, and / or upon requests from an access server 23/1001 and / or the proxy module 1002 and / or the billing module 1003.
- the second call detail records can be based, for example, at least on the IP -Address of the mobile IP node and identifications of the service providers whose performance was used by the mobile node. This means that the first call detail records of the mobile IP node that are transmitted from the access server to the billing module are created based on SIM, among other things, while the second call detail records that are transmitted from the access server to the proxy module are IP based, for example, on RADIUS information. Information from the second CDR is required, among other things, for billing and clearing the lines of the users and the WLAN service providers.
- the billing module 1003 generates TAP files 1014 in accordance with the claimed performance and transmits these together with invoicing instructions 1013 to a clearing module 1004. That is, the incoming IMSI-authenticated CDRs are each converted into TAP format.
- the TAP files can also be created, for example, based on inter operator tariffs and public mobile network TAP identification codes. In combination with this or as an independent variant, it is also conceivable, for example, that the billing management database Inter Operator Tariffs and Public Mobile Network TAP Identification Codes includes.
- the invoicing instructions 1013 include at least user-specific and / or service provider-specific billing data.
- the clearing module 1004 can bill the service 1008 claimed by the user 1008 to a provider 1008 of a fixed network 1007 1016 and / or transmit the TAP files 1017 to a GSM 1005 service provider 1006 for billing.
- the data stream of the mobile IP node 20 can also be routed, for example, when accessing the WLAN from the access point 21/22 via a mobile radio network service provider. This enables the mobile network service provider to have complete control over the data flow of the user. In this way, he can also issue service authorizations specifically for the IP world, carry out detailed billing and install security mechanisms. Among other things, he can use it to connect the open, difficult to control IP world with, for example, the Internet, with the advantages of the GSM world. This has played a major role in recent times, for example with regard to liability issues of the provider or service provider.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN028294505A CN1650576B (zh) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | 在wlan漫游时用于gsm鉴权的方法和系统 |
YUP-2005/0148A RS20050148A (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Method and system for gsm billing during wlan roaming |
EP02764478.0A EP1529375B2 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Verfahren und system für gsm-billing bei wlan roaming |
BR0215840-0A BR0215840A (pt) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Processo e sistema para faturamento de gsm em roaming de wlan |
CA2495343A CA2495343C (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Method and system for gsm billing during wlan roaming |
AU2002328760A AU2002328760A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Method and system for gsm billing during wlan roaming |
US10/523,004 US7496344B2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Method and system for GSM billing during WLAN roaming |
ES02764478.0T ES2282461T5 (es) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Procedimiento y sistema de facturación GSM para itinerancia WLAN |
DE50209884T DE50209884D1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Verfahren und system für gsm-billing bei wlan roaming |
DK02764478.0T DK1529375T4 (da) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Fremgangsmåde og system til GSM-fakturering ved WLAN-roaming |
MXPA05001692A MXPA05001692A (es) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Metodo y sistema para facturacion gsm durante la navegacion en wlan. |
NZ538121A NZ538121A (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Method and system for GSM billing during WLAN roaming |
JP2004528219A JP2005539419A (ja) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Wlanローミングの間にgsm課金を行う方法およびシステム |
CN028294564A CN1650577B (zh) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | 在wlan漫游时gsm计费方法和系统 |
IL166397A IL166397A (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-01-19 | Gsm billing method and system during wlan roaming |
TNP2005000033A TNSN05033A1 (fr) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-02-11 | Procede et systeme de facturation gsm pour l'itinerance wlan |
HR20050145A HRP20050145A2 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-02-15 | Method and system for gsm billing during wlan roaming |
NO20051348A NO336596B1 (no) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-03-15 | Fremgangsmåte og system for GSM-fakturering ved WLAN-forflytning. |
HK05111246.4A HK1079366A1 (en) | 2002-08-16 | 2005-12-08 | Method and system for gsm billing during wlan roaming |
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PCT/CH2002/000452 WO2004017564A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | Verfahren und system für gsm-authentifizierung bei wlan roaming |
CHPCT/CH02/00452 | 2002-08-16 |
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WO2004017565A1 true WO2004017565A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
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PCT/CH2002/000452 WO2004017564A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | Verfahren und system für gsm-authentifizierung bei wlan roaming |
PCT/CH2002/000559 WO2004017565A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-10-08 | Verfahren und system für gsm-billing bei wlan roaming |
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PCT/CH2002/000452 WO2004017564A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | Verfahren und system für gsm-authentifizierung bei wlan roaming |
Country Status (24)
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US (2) | US7539309B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP1529374B2 (de) |
JP (2) | JP4832756B2 (de) |
CN (2) | CN1650576B (de) |
AT (2) | ATE334532T1 (de) |
AU (2) | AU2002313435B2 (de) |
BR (2) | BR0215841A (de) |
CA (2) | CA2495539C (de) |
CH (1) | CH694677A5 (de) |
DE (2) | DE50207674D1 (de) |
DK (2) | DK1529374T4 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2268064T5 (de) |
HK (2) | HK1079366A1 (de) |
HR (2) | HRP20050145A2 (de) |
IL (2) | IL166112A (de) |
MX (2) | MXPA05001699A (de) |
NO (2) | NO336596B1 (de) |
NZ (2) | NZ538119A (de) |
PT (2) | PT1529374E (de) |
RS (2) | RS20050149A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2305907C2 (de) |
TN (2) | TNSN05033A1 (de) |
WO (2) | WO2004017564A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200501093B (de) |
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