WO2004013260A1 - Composition de carbureacteur contenant un derive du phenol - Google Patents

Composition de carbureacteur contenant un derive du phenol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004013260A1
WO2004013260A1 PCT/GB2003/003385 GB0303385W WO2004013260A1 WO 2004013260 A1 WO2004013260 A1 WO 2004013260A1 GB 0303385 W GB0303385 W GB 0303385W WO 2004013260 A1 WO2004013260 A1 WO 2004013260A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
jet fuel
fuel composition
group
composition according
formula
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/003385
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English (en)
Inventor
Cyrus Pershing Henry
David Leonard Pinch
Andrea Sneddon
Derek Richard Green
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The Associated Octel Company Limited
Octel America, Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB0229286.0A external-priority patent/GB0229286D0/en
Application filed by The Associated Octel Company Limited, Octel America, Inc filed Critical The Associated Octel Company Limited
Priority to AU2003255749A priority Critical patent/AU2003255749A1/en
Publication of WO2004013260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004013260A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1981—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
    • C10L1/2283—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C10L1/2608—Organic compounds containing phosphorus containing a phosphorus-carbon bond

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition.
  • the present invention relates to a jet fuel composition comprising a deposit inhibiting compound.
  • Hydrocarbon fuels such as fuels boiling in the gasoline boiling range, kerosene, middle distillate fuels, home heating oils etc. are known to exhibit certain undesirable characteristics such as the formation of solid deposits. These undesirable characteristics may develop more readily during prolonged periods of storage or when the hydrocarbon fuel remains at a high temperature over a period of time, for example during use.
  • turbine combustion fuel oils i.e. jet fuels such as JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, Jet A, Jet A-1 and Jet B are ordinarily middle boiling distillates, such as kerosene or combinations of naphtha and kerosene.
  • military grade JP-4 for instance, is used in military aircraft and is a possible blend of naphtha and kerosene.
  • military grades JP-7 and JP-8 are primarily highly refined kerosenes, as are Jet A and Jet A-1 , which are used for commercial aircraft.
  • Civil grades of jet fuel are defined in ASTM D1655, DefStan 91-91 , and other similar specifications.
  • jet fuel are produced from a variety of sources including crude oil, oil sands, oil shales, Fischer Tropsch processes and gas to liquid processes.
  • Refinery processing includes fuels produced by straight distillation, sometimes processed by chemical sweetening, or hydrogen processing including hydrocracking operations, and may contain ⁇ 1 to 3000 ppm sulphur.
  • liquid fuel is combusted to produce power, but is also circulated in the aircraft as a heat exchange fluid to remove the excess heat generated at such speeds e.g. in lubricating oils.
  • bulk fuel temperatures may be raised to as high as 425°F at the inlet to the mainburner fuel nozzles and above 500°F inside the fuel nozzle passages.
  • skin temperatures up to 1100°F are experienced. In future aircraft, these temperatures are expected to be 100°F higher. The fuel is thus maintained for long periods at high temperatures.
  • the fuel discolours and decomposes to produce soluble coloured products and insoluble products such as gums, sediments and granular material.
  • insoluble products can form deposits that reduce the heat exchange capacity and plug-up the components leading to operational problems including reduced thrust and performance anomalies in the augmentor, poor spray patterns and premature failure of mainburner combustors and problems with fuel controls.
  • the engine exhaust becomes smoky and sooty and engine noise increases, both of which are undesirable characteristics for jet engines.
  • US-A-3849085 discloses a motor fuel composition for a spark-ignited reciprocating internal combustion engine containing a high molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted or alkylated phenol in which the aliphatic hydrocarbon radical has a molecular weight in the range from about 500 to 3,500 effective to prevent or inhibit intake manifold and intake valve and port deposits.
  • the base fuel of the invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range.
  • US-A-5221461 discloses a method for inhibiting fouling during the elevated temperature processing of hydrocarbons comprising adding to the hydrocarbons a composition comprising a catechol having the structure
  • R is H and CrC 10 alkyl and, an organic acid.
  • WO-A-99/25793 discloses compounds which are taught to be thermal stabilising additives for fuels comprising kerosene and jet fuels.
  • the compounds are oil soluble macromolecules and comprise a hydroxy-carboxylic acid functionality.
  • compounds of WO-A-99/25793 are of the formula
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are divalent bridging groups, which may be the same or different;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group ; each of R 1 , R 2 and R 4 , which may be the same or different, is hydroxyl, hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hetero- substituted hydrocarbyl, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 4 is hydroxyl, and m+n is 4 to 20, m is 1-8 and n is at least 3.
  • the present invention alleviates the problems of the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I
  • m is at least 1 ; wherein n is 0 or 1 ; wherein when m is 1 , n is 0; wherein the or each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1 , Ri is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula I as herein defined for:
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at a temperature of from 100 to 335°C, the method comprising combining with the jet fuel a compound of Formula I Formula
  • m is at least 1 ; wherein n is 0 or 1 ;wherein when m is 1 , n is 0; wherein the or each R-i is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1 , Ri is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • a jet fuel composition according to the present invention has improved properties as compared to a jet fuel.
  • compounds of Formula I are capable of inhibiting deposit and/or particle formation in a jet fuel composition.
  • the present compounds may also be capable of inhibiting the pre-combustion oxidation of a jet fuel composition.
  • compounds of Formula I are capable of improving the solubility of deposits and/or deposit precursors in a jet fuel composition. Addition of a compound of Formula I to a jet fuel may typically improve the properties of the jet fuel such that it meets industry standards, for example those relating to deposit formation.
  • jet fuel composition as used herein relates to a fuel suitable for use as an aviation fuel.
  • jet fuel composition relates to a fuel complying with at least one of
  • DCSEA 134A France
  • Carburea Frankfurt Turbomachines D' Aviation, Type Kerosene • Aviation Turbine Fuels of other countries, meeting the general grade requirements for Jet A, Jet A-1 , Jet B, and TS-1 fuels as described in the IATA Guidance Material for Aviation Turbine Fuel Specifications.
  • jet fuel as used herein relates to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the jet fuel typically comprises paraffins as a major component and may comprise aromatics and naphthenes.
  • the main component of the jet fuel is usually a middle boiling distillate having a boiling point in the range 150-300°C at atmospheric pressure.
  • the jet fuel may comprise mixtures of naphtha and light petroleum distillate, e.g. in weight amounts of 20-80:80-20 such as 50-75:50-25 which weight amounts may also be used for mixtures of naphtha and kerosene.
  • JP-4 to 8 e.g. JP-4 as 65% naphtha/35% light petroleum distillate (according to US Mil. Spec. (MIL 5624G)), JP-5, a kerosene fuel but of higher flash point, JP-7, a high flash point special kerosene for advanced supersonic aircraft and JP-8, a kerosene similar to Jet Al (according to MIL 83133C).
  • Jet fuel for civilian use is usually a kerosene type fuel and designated Jet A or Jet Al Jet Fuel No.3 TS-1.
  • the jet fuel may have a boiling point of 66-343°C or 66-316°C (150- 650°F e.g. 150-600°F), initial boiling point of 149-221°C, e.g. 204 C (300-430 , e.g. 400°F), a 50% boiling point of 221-316°C (430-600°F) and a 90% boiling point of 260- 343°C (500-650°F) and API Gravity of 30-40.
  • Jet fuel for turbojet use may boil at 93- 260°C (200-500°F) (ASTM D1655-006).
  • the jet fuel may be the straight run kerosene optionally with added gasoline (naphtha), but frequently has been purified to reduce its content of components contributing to or encouraging formation of coloured products and/or precipitates.
  • components include aromatics, olefins, mercaptans, phenols and various nitrogen compounds.
  • the jet fuel may be purified to reduce its mercaptan content e.g. Merox fuel and copper sweetened fuel or to reduce its sulphur content e.g. hydrogen treated fuel or Merifined fuel.
  • Merox fuels are made by oxidation of the mercaptans and have a low mercaptan S content (e.g. less than 0.005% wt S) such as 0.0001-0.005% but a higher disulphide S content (e.g. at most 0.4% or at most 0.3% wt S such as 0.05-0.25 e.g. 0.1-2%); their aromatic (e.g. phenolics) and olefins content are hardly changed.
  • Hydrogen processed jet fuels are ones in which the original fuel has been hydrogenated to remove at least some of sulphur compounds e.g.
  • hydrofined jet fuels have very low sulphur contents (e.g. less than 0.01% S by weight).
  • Merifined fuels are fuels that have been extracted with an organic extractant to reduce or remove their contents of sulphur compounds and/or phenols.
  • the jet fuel may also contain metals, either following contact with metal pipes or carried over from the crude oil, oil sands, shale oil or sources; examples of such metals are copper, nickel, iron and chromium usually in amounts of less than 1 ppm e.g. each in 10-150 ppb amounts.
  • the jet fuel composition of the present invention may contain at least one conventional additive for jet fuels such as an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, a metal deactivators (MDA), a leak detection additive, a "special purpose” additive such as a drag reducing agent, an anti-icing additive and a static dissipater such as Stadis®, especially in amounts of 1-2000ppm each.
  • an antioxidant such as an antioxidant, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, a metal deactivators (MDA), a leak detection additive, a "special purpose” additive such as a drag reducing agent, an anti-icing additive and a static dissipater such as Stadis®, especially in amounts of 1-2000ppm each.
  • MDA metal deactivators
  • hydrocarbyl as used herein relates to a group comprising at least C and H that may optionally comprise one or more other suitable substituents.
  • substituents may. include halo-, alkoxy-, nitro.-, an . alkyl group, or. a cyclic group..
  • a combination of substituents may form a cyclic group.
  • the hydrocarbyl group comprises more than one C then those carbons need not necessarily be linked to each other. For example, at least two of the carbons may be linked via a suitable element or group.
  • the hydrocarbyl group may contain heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for instance, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon and phosphorus.
  • Any substituent is preferably inert under the reaction conditions employed in the preparation of the compounds of Formula I and preferably should not give unfavourable interactions with the jet fuel or other additives employed in the jet fuel composition. Substituents meeting these conditions will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art.
  • the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups.
  • carboxylic acid refers to the functional group -COOH and the term carboxylic ester refers to the functional group -COOR wherein R is a C ⁇ e alkyl group.
  • Hydrocarbon jet fuels are known to be subject to deterioration when in contact with oxygen, either on standing in air or, more importantly during pre-combustion heating. Such deterioration is thought to be due to the presence in the fuel of constituents that undergo oxidative changes resulting in the formation of non-volatile resinous substances.
  • the high temperatures and oxygen-rich atmospheres in aircraft and engine fuel system components encourage the degradation of the jet fuel resulting in particulate formation.
  • the resinous substances and particulates may typically be insoluble and may therefore be deposit precursors. These deposit precursors may unfavourably agglomerate and/or form deposits. Additionally, the particulates may collect in filters leading to partial or total blockage of such filters. Such deposits once formed may undergo further pyrolysis and oxidation.
  • inhibitor of oxidation of a jet fuel composition means reducing the rate of one or more oxidative reactions and/or preventing one or more oxidative reactions as compared to a jet fuel not containing a compound of Formula I. It will be readily understood that by the term oxidation is meant pre-combustion oxidation.
  • inhibitor of deposit formation in a jet fuel composition means a reduction of the mass of deposit formed under prescribed conditions over a prescribed period of time as compared to a jet fuel not containing a compound of Formula I.
  • inhibitortion of particulate formation from the oxidation product(s) of a jet fuel composition means a reduction in particulate formation formed under prescribed conditions over a prescribed period of time as compared to a jet fuel not containing a compound of Formula I.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I
  • m is at least 1 ; wherein n is 0 or 1 ; wherein when m is 1 , n is 0; wherein the or each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1 , Ri is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iii) an antioxidant.
  • antioxidant as used herein means a. substance capable of reducing the rate of one or more oxidative reactions and/or preventing one or more oxidative reactions.
  • the antioxidant is a hindered phenol antioxidant.
  • hindered phenol is meant a compound comprising a phenol moiety wherein the aromatic ring of the phenol moiety is substituted by at least one hydrocarbyl group.
  • the at least one hydrocarbyl group is preferably ortho to the hydroxy group of the phenol moiety.
  • the at least one hydrocarbyl group is preferably a hydrocarbon group, more preferably an alkyl group, more preferably a branched alkyl group.
  • the antioxidant is 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT).
  • antioxidants include • 2,6-ditertiary butyl phenol
  • the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is an organophosphorus-containing antioxidant.
  • organophosphorus-containing antioxidant it is meant a compound comprising at least P and C and may optionally comprise one or more other suitable atoms. Examples of such atoms may include hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen.
  • the organophosphorus-containing antioxidant is a compound containing a C-P bond and/or a C-O-P bond and/or a C-S-P bond.
  • the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is or is derived from an organophosphorus acid.
  • the organophosphorus acid is selected from phosphorus acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid.
  • the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is or is derived from an ester of an organophosphorus acid.
  • the organophosphorus acid is selected from phosphorus acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid.
  • the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is an ester of an organophosphorus acid. More preferably the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is an ester of an organophosphorus acid selected from phosphorus acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid, phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid or phosphinic acid.
  • the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is or is an ester of a phosphonic acid. In a highly preferred aspect the phosphorus-containing antioxidant is an ester of a phosphonic acid.
  • the antioxidant is a phosphonate.
  • the antioxidant is of the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) X --_ 0 -p-o-(CH 2 2) v C"H ',3
  • x and y are independently selected from 1 to 15, preferably 5 to 15, preferably 7 to 13, preferably 8 to 12, preferably 9, 10 or 11.
  • the antioxidant is of the formula O C+yCHjj).,-,— o-p-0-(CH 2 ) 11 CH 3 H
  • This compound is commonly known as di-dodecyl hydrogen phosphonate or dilauryl phosphonate.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iv) a metal deactivator.
  • the metal deactivator is a substance capable of chelating to at least one metal ion. More preferably the metal deactivator is N,N'-disalicylidene 1 ,2-propanediamine.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iii) an antioxidant and (iv) a metal deactivator.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iii) an antioxidant and (iv) N,N'-disalicylidene 1 ,2-propanediamine.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iii) 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT) and (iv) N,N'-disalicylidene 1 ,2- propanediamine.
  • BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol
  • N,N'-disalicylidene 1 ,2- propanediamine In one preferred aspect the present invention provides a jet fuel composition further comprising (iii) dilauryl phosphonate. (DLP), and (iv) N.N'-disalicylidene 1 ,2- propanediamine.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I
  • m is at least 1 ; wherein n is 0 or 1 ; wherein when m is 1 , n is 0; wherein the or each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1 , Ri is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • m is 1 or at least 3. In this aspect preferably m is 1 or 3 to 50, such as 1 or 3 to 20, 1 or 3 to 10, or 1 or 3 to 8. In a highly preferred aspect, m is 1 or 3 to 5. In this aspect, preferably m is 1 or 3 or 4. In one aspect, m is 1 or 3. In another aspect, m is 1 or at least 4, preferably m is 1 or 4.
  • m is 1.
  • Ri is a hydrocarbon group.
  • hydrocarbon as used herein means any one of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an acyl group, which groups may be linear, branched or cyclic, or an aryl group.
  • hydrocarbon also includes those groups but wherein they have been optionally substituted. If the hydrocarbon is a branched structure having substituent(s) thereon, then the substitution may be on either the hydrocarbon backbone or on the branch; alternatively the substitutions may be on the hydrocarbon backbone and on the branch.
  • Ri is a linear or branched alkyl group.
  • Ri is a C C 20 o group, preferably a C 1 -C 180 group, preferably a C 1 0-C 2 00 group, preferably a C 20 -C 2 oo group, preferably a C 30 -C 20 o group, preferably a C 0 - C 2 0 0 group, preferably a Ci 0 -C 180 group, preferably a C 20 -C ⁇ 8 o group, preferably a C 30 -C ⁇ 80 group, more preferably a C 0 -C ⁇ 8 o group.
  • Ri is a branched alkyl group.
  • Ri is a polyalkenyl group.
  • the polyalkenyl is a polymer of a C 2 to C 6 alkenyl group, more preferably a C 4 alkenyl group.
  • Ri is polyisobutene (PIB).
  • High reactivity in this context is defined as a PIB wherein at least 50%, preferably 70% or more, of the terminal olefinic double bonds are of the vinylidene type.
  • Ri has a molecular weight of from 200 to 2500, preferably from 500 to 2500, more preferably from 600 to 2400 such as approximately 750 or approximately 1000 or approximately 2300.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel
  • a jet fuel, composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I
  • m is at least 1 ; wherein n is 0 or 1 ; wherein when m is 1 , n is 0; wherein the or each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1 , R ⁇ is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • n is 1.
  • m is at least 4, or is from 3 to 5, more preferably m is 4.
  • Ri is a hydrocarbon group, more preferably a linear or branched alkyl group.
  • Ri is a Ci-C 50 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 40 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • a typical example of Ri is a dodecyl group.
  • Ri is a C 5 -C 50 group, preferably a C 5 -C 40 group, preferably a C 5 - C 30 group, preferably a C 5 -C 25 group, preferably a C 5 -C ⁇ 5 group such as a C 5 -C ⁇ 0 group or a Cio-Ci 5 group or a C ⁇ 2 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel
  • each Ri is a C ⁇ -C 50 hydrocarbyl group free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups, (iii) an antioxidant; and (iv) a metal deactivator.
  • Ri is para substituted relative to the OH group.
  • the (CH 2 ) n group is ortho substituted relative to the OH group.
  • Ri is para substituted relative to the OH group and the (CH 2 ) n group is ortho substituted relative to the OH group.
  • n of the compound of the present invention may be other than 0 or 1.
  • n may be from 0 to 10 such as 0 to 8, 0 to 5 or 0, 1 , 2 or 3.
  • each of the "units" of Formula I may contain one or more further substituents.
  • the "units" of Formula I independently of each other may be optionally substituted. In a preferred aspect at least one of the "units” is unsubstituted. In a further preferred aspect each of the "units” is unsubstituted.
  • a typical optional substituent may be a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the compound of Formula I is a compound of Formula II
  • each R 2 is an optional hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each R 2 is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic. ester groups; and wherein m, n and Ri are as herein defined.
  • each R 2 is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups.
  • carboxylic acid refers to the functional group -COOH and the term carboxylic ester refers to the functional group -COOR wherein R is a C ⁇ - 6 alkyl group.
  • R 2 is an optional hydrocarbon group, more preferably an optional linear or branched alkyl group.
  • R 2 is a C ⁇ -C 50 group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • R 2 is a tertiary alkyl group, such as a tertiary butyl group.
  • one or more of the terminal units of the compound of Formula may be substituted.
  • a preferred substituent for a terminal units is a Mannich Group.
  • R1 and m are as defined herein and p is from 1 to 10, 1 to 5, or 1 , 2 or 3.
  • the compound of Formula I is present in the jet fuel composition in an amount of 1-500mg/L, preferably 1-400mg/L, preferably 1-300mg/L, preferably 1- 200mg/L. In a preferred aspect, the compound of Formula I is present in the jet fuel composition in an amount of 5-200mg/L, preferably 10-200mg/L, preferably 25-200mg/L, preferably 50-200mg/L, preferably 50-150mg/L, more preferably 80-120mg/L. In one aspect, the jet fuel composition of the present invention further comprises (iii) an antioxidant.
  • the antioxidant is present in the jet fuel composition in an amount of 1-50mg/L preferably 1-40mg/L, preferably 1-30mg/L such as 1-25mg/L or 1-15mg/L.
  • the jet fuel composition of the present invention further comprises (iv) a metal deactivator.
  • the metal deactivator is present in an amount of 0.05 to 10mg/L, preferably 0.05 to 8mg/L, preferably 0.05 to 5mg/L, preferably 0.1 to 5mg/L preferably 0.3 to 5mg/L, preferably 0.5 to 5mg/L such as 1mg/L, 2mg/L or 3mg/L.
  • the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula I as herein defined for:
  • hydrocarbon jet fuels are known to be subject to deterioration when in contact with oxygen, especially during pre-combustion heating.
  • the jet fuel composition typically reaches temperatures of from 25 to 335°C, such as from 50 to 335°C, or from 100 to 335°C, for example from 150 to 335°C, such as from 180 to 335°C or from 150 to 260°C.
  • the present invention provides use of a compound of Formula I as herein defined for
  • 50 to 335°C more preferably from 100 to 335°C such as from 150 to 335°C, or from 180 to 335°C or from 150 to 260°C;
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at a temperature of from 100 to 335°C, the method comprising combining with the jet fuel a compound of Formula I as herein defined.
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at a temperature of from 25 to 335°C, the method comprising combining with the jet fuel a compound of Formula I as herein defined.
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting deposit formation in a jet fuel at a temperature of from 25 to 335°C, preferably from 50 to 335°C, more preferably from 100 to 335°C such as from 150 to 335°C, or from 180 to 335°C or from 150 to 260°C, the method comprising combining with the jet fuel a compound of Formula I as herein defined.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I Formula I
  • Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1, Ri is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polymeric hydrocarbyl group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, with the proviso that Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polymeric hydrocarbon group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polymeric linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a polymeric branched alkyl group, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of from 200 to 2500.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of from 500 to 2500.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of from 600 to 2400.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of about 750.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of about 1000.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 1 ; n is 0; and Ri is a polyisobutene (PIB) with a molecular weight of about 2300.
  • PIB polyisobutene
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I
  • each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a hydrocarbon group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 0 group, preferably a C ⁇ - C 30 group, preferably a C r C 2 5 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • the present invention provides. a.
  • jet fuel composition comprising (i) a, jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 40 group, preferably a Ci-C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C Ci 5 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ . 15 branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C C 2 5 group, preferably a C Ci 5 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C 1 -C 15 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a CM S branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 4 o group, preferably a C C 3 o group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C C 25 group, preferably a C C ⁇ group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1 ; and wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ . 5 branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II
  • m is at least 3; wherein n is 0 or 1 ; wherein each Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that each Ri is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein each R 2 is an optional hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that each R 2 is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1; wherein each Ri is a hydrocarbon group and wherein each R 2 is an optional hydrocarbon group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 0 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C C 2 5 group, preferably a C 1 -C 1 5 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C 1 -C 2 5 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1; wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C C 25 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 15 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C- ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C 1 -C 30 group, preferably a CrC 25 group, preferably a C r C 15 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is at least 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ _ ⁇ 5 linear or branched alkyl group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional Ct- 15 linear or branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C- ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C C 15 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C- ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 30 group, preferably a C 1 -C 25 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a Ci- 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 15 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C 1 -50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C ⁇ C 40 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a C C 2 5 group, preferably a C C 15 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C- M s linear or branched alkyl group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C- S linear or branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 3; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C W5 tertiary alkyl group, preferably a tertiary butyl group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C ⁇ - 15 tertiary alkyl group, preferably a tertiary butyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ o hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 0 group, preferably a C r C 3 o group, preferably a C 1 -C 2 5 group, preferably a C- 1 -C 1 5 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C- ⁇ - 50 hydrocarbon group, preferably a C C 0 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a C ⁇ -C 25 group, preferably a C C 15 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a Ci- 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C r C 40 group,, preferably group, preferably a C C 5 group, preferably a C C ⁇ 5 group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C ⁇ - 50 linear or branched alkyl group, preferably a C C 40 group, preferably a C C 30 group, preferably a ⁇ C 2 5 group, preferably a C C 15 group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each Ri is a C ⁇ - 15 linear or branched alkyl group; and wherein each R 2 is an optional C 1 - 15 linear or branched alkyl group.
  • the present invention provides a jet fuel composition
  • a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel and (ii) a compound of Formula II, wherein m is 4; wherein n is 1 ; wherein each R is a CM 5 tertiary alkyl group, preferably a tertiary butyl group; and wherein each R is an optional MS tertiary alkyl group, preferably a tertiary butyl group.
  • FIG. 1 shows the Isothermal Corrosion Oxidation Test (ICOT) apparatus; and Figure 2 shows the Hot Liquid Process Simulator (HLPS) apparatus.
  • ICOT Isothermal Corrosion Oxidation Test
  • HLPS Hot Liquid Process Simulator
  • the resin is a simple condensation product of an alkyl phenol with formaldehyde or other lower aldehydes.
  • the condensate can be prepared by reacting an alkylphenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst and optionally a solvent suitable to aid the removal of water azeotropically.
  • a C15-20 alkyl phenol 500g was mixed with NaOH (5g) and heated to 93°C for 45 minutes. On cooling paraformaldehyde (34.6g) was added and the reactants heated to 115°C to remove water. Solvent was added and the solution washed with acid and water to remove NaOH.'
  • An alkylated phenol resin was prepared from 2,6-ditertiary butyl phenol (2.6DTBP) and 2- tertiary butyl phenol (2TBP).
  • the reaction product was a mixture of trimer products with two main trimer products based on 2,6DTBP-2TBP-2,6DTBP.
  • a sample structure of such a trimer product is:
  • the reaction product also contained minor products based on 2,6DTBP-2TBP-2TBP and 2TBP-2TBP-2TBP.
  • This alkylated phenol resin is named Phenol Resin 2 in the test results below.
  • the deposit inhibiting compounds according to the present invention were tested as jet fuel additives using the ICOT and the HLPS. Protocols for these two tests are set out below.
  • Scope - The ICOT is used to investigate the effectiveness of additives in jet fuel. This is carried out by stressing base and additised fuels at constant temperature with a controlled volume of air flowing though the sample. On cooling, the fuels are filtered and the thermal stability is measured by the weight of solid on a filter.
  • the ICOT is run under the following conditions, 100 ml of fuel is stressed at 180°C with an air flow of 1.3 litres/hour for 5 hours. The fuel sample is then left to cool for 16 hours. The cooled fuel is then filtered using a 0.7 to 1 ⁇ m glass microfibre filter. The weight of solid on the filter is a measurement of the fuels thermal stability under stress. By comparing base fuels to additised fuels, the effectiveness of different additives can be compared.
  • the filter to be used is a 0.7 to 1 ⁇ m glass micro-fibre filter.
  • a furnace anneals the glass inlet tubes and the test cell at 600°C. Filtration is done under suction using an appropriate funnel.
  • Additised fuels - base fuels that have been treated with a specified additive or additive package are added to a specified additive or additive package.
  • Preparation - Clean glassware must be used for each experiment.
  • the cleaning of the glass inlet tubes and the test cells is done by annealing in a furnace at 600°C then allowing cooling in air.
  • the condensers are washed out with acetone with a small brush and wiped to ensure that no fuel residues are present, then allowed to dry in air.
  • Inlet tubes and condensers are set up as shown in figure 3 4. Sites 1-5 are used for test fuel samples. Place 100 mis of test fuel in each cell by carefully releasing the condenser and inserting a glass funnel.
  • Scope - HLPS is a self-contained testing apparatus designed to test the thermal properties of base and additised jet fuels. The test involves the flow of the test fuel over a heated test surface (at 335°C) under high pressure (500psi).
  • the HLPS is run in accordance with ASTM D-3241.
  • the conditions for testing are set to those used by the USAF in extensive thermal stability programmes.
  • test fuel 1 litre of test fuel is pressurised in a stainless steel reservoir to 500psi.
  • the fuel is then pumped via a pre-filter over a heated test section (at 335°C).
  • a pressure transducer cell measures the rate of pressure drop (in mmHg min "1 ).
  • the spent fuel is returned to the top of the reservoir, separated by an appropriate seal.
  • Apparatus Alcor HLPS is a modular version of the equipment set up as defined in ASTM D-3241.
  • the test section must be of stainless steel 316 and free from grease.
  • the filter to be used must be of 17 micron mesh as supplied by Alcor.
  • Additised fuels - base fuels that have been treated with a specified additive or additive package are added to a specified additive or additive package.
  • test fuel to a 2 litre beaker. Aerate using the glass bubbler attachment for a minimum of 6 minutes. Test run must be initiated within 1 hour of aeration.
  • HEATER TUBE TEMP. CONTROL is set to 335 C. Switch on HEATER. Red indicator light will come on. Needle will then rise to the vertical. Heater power is controlled by using the POWER CONTROL dial. A typical setting for this procedure is 82 +/- 10 volts. 6. Switch on the differential pressure module (DPM) by depressing the POWER button.
  • DPM differential pressure module
  • a number of different jet fuels were tested using the ICOT.
  • the jet fuels were tested in the absence of additives, in the presence of an antioxidant and a metal deactivator (MDA) and in the presence of an antioxidant, an MDA and a variety of deposit inhibiting compounds of the present invention.
  • the antioxidant, the MDA and the deposit inhibiting compounds were used in the following concentrations:
  • the antioxidant used was 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT).
  • HLPS HLPS was used to test a base fuel in the absence of additives, in the presence of an antioxidant and a metal deactivator (MDA) and in the presence of an antioxidant, an MDA and a variety of deposit inhibiting compounds of the present invention.
  • the antioxidant, the MDA and the deposit inhibiting compounds were used in the following concentrations:
  • the antioxidant used was dilauryl phosphonate (DLP).
  • test samples comprising a deposit inhibiting compound of the present invention have reduced filter block as compared with the base fuel.
  • Test samples comprising a combination of a deposit inhibiting compound, an antioxidant and a metal deactivator according to the present invention have reduced filter block and reduced carbon burn-off as compared with the base fuel.

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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une composition de carburéacteur, qui contient : (i) un carburéacteur ; (2) un composé représenté par la formule (I). Dans ladite formule : m est égal à au moins 1 ; n est égal à 0 ou 1 ; lorsque m est égal à 1, n est égal à 0 ; R1 représente un groupe hydrocarbyle, à condition que R1 soit exempt de groupes acides carboxyliques et esters carboxyliques ; et lorsque m est égal à 1, R1 représente un groupe polymère renfermant au moins 12 atomes de carbone.
PCT/GB2003/003385 2002-08-06 2003-08-05 Composition de carbureacteur contenant un derive du phenol WO2004013260A1 (fr)

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AU2003255749A AU2003255749A1 (en) 2002-08-06 2003-08-05 Jet fuel composition comprising a phenol derivative

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US40156802P 2002-08-06 2002-08-06
US60/401,568 2002-08-06
GBGB0229286.0A GB0229286D0 (en) 2002-12-16 2002-12-16 Composition
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1612256A1 (fr) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-04 Infineum International Limited Additifs pour combustibles comprenant un composé métallique sous forme colloïdale.
US7708904B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2010-05-04 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Conductive hydrocarbon fluid
US8353740B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2013-01-15 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Conductive hydrocarbon fluid

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GB923190A (en) * 1961-04-11 1963-04-10 Ethyl Corp Antioxidant compositions
FR2289596A1 (fr) * 1974-10-31 1976-05-28 Texaco Development Corp Carburant pour moteurs
EP0186255A2 (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-02 Ethyl Corporation Procédé de préparation de phénols benzylés, composés dibenzylphénoliques et utilisation de ces phénols comme anti-oxydants
EP0311452A2 (fr) * 1987-10-08 1989-04-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Condensés d'alkylphénol-formaldéhyde comme additifs pour combustibles et huiles lubrifiantes
EP0482253A1 (fr) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions de combustible bonnes pour l'environnement, et additifs pour
US6248142B1 (en) * 1996-10-11 2001-06-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel composition containing lubricity additive
WO2002077130A2 (fr) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-03 The Associated Octel Company Limited Composition
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB923190A (en) * 1961-04-11 1963-04-10 Ethyl Corp Antioxidant compositions
FR2289596A1 (fr) * 1974-10-31 1976-05-28 Texaco Development Corp Carburant pour moteurs
EP0186255A2 (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-07-02 Ethyl Corporation Procédé de préparation de phénols benzylés, composés dibenzylphénoliques et utilisation de ces phénols comme anti-oxydants
EP0311452A2 (fr) * 1987-10-08 1989-04-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Condensés d'alkylphénol-formaldéhyde comme additifs pour combustibles et huiles lubrifiantes
EP0482253A1 (fr) * 1990-10-23 1992-04-29 Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited Compositions de combustible bonnes pour l'environnement, et additifs pour
US6248142B1 (en) * 1996-10-11 2001-06-19 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel composition containing lubricity additive
WO2002077130A2 (fr) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-03 The Associated Octel Company Limited Composition
WO2003038015A2 (fr) * 2001-11-02 2003-05-08 The Associated Octel Company Limited Procédé

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1612256A1 (fr) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-04 Infineum International Limited Additifs pour combustibles comprenant un composé métallique sous forme colloïdale.
KR101229170B1 (ko) * 2004-06-30 2013-02-01 인피늄 인터내셔날 리미티드 연료 첨가제
US7708904B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2010-05-04 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Conductive hydrocarbon fluid
US8353740B2 (en) 2005-09-09 2013-01-15 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. Conductive hydrocarbon fluid

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