WO2004010126A1 - Procede de controle non destructeur de l'etat d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif de passage de liquide - Google Patents

Procede de controle non destructeur de l'etat d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif de passage de liquide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004010126A1
WO2004010126A1 PCT/JP2003/009253 JP0309253W WO2004010126A1 WO 2004010126 A1 WO2004010126 A1 WO 2004010126A1 JP 0309253 W JP0309253 W JP 0309253W WO 2004010126 A1 WO2004010126 A1 WO 2004010126A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
contrast agent
liquid flowing
state
inspection method
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2003/009253
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshitada Sakai
Izumi Anno
Shigehisa Wada
Hiroshi Matsumoto
Tomoko Suyama
Masahiro Kubota
Hirotsugu Takahashi
Original Assignee
Toray Industries, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toray Industries, Inc. filed Critical Toray Industries, Inc.
Publication of WO2004010126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004010126A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
    • G01R33/5601—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution involving use of a contrast agent for contrast manipulation, e.g. a paramagnetic, super-paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or hyperpolarised contrast agent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
    • G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for non-destructively inspecting a liquid flowing state in a liquid flowing device.
  • liquid distribution equipment for example, piping as a partial element of liquid treatment equipment, or reverse osmosis equipment, filter, dialyzer, adsorption column or heat exchanger as liquid treatment equipment.
  • piping as a partial element of liquid treatment equipment
  • reverse osmosis equipment filter, dialyzer, adsorption column or heat exchanger
  • the present invention intends to apply such a computed tomography diagnostic technique to the evaluation and design of a liquid flow device, and in that case, depending on the intended use characteristics of the target liquid flow device, there are several methods. It is also necessary to observe under specific conditions by using the techniques described above.
  • the present inventors have studied diligently to overcome these problems, and are a method that can be easily carried out.More particularly, when a semipermeable membrane is targeted, it is more suitable for inspection purposes and observation purposes. It has found a way that can be adapted.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a non-destructive inspection method of a liquid flowing state in a liquid flowing device, which is easily performed in view of the above points.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a nondestructive inspection method that is more suitable for an inspection purpose when a semipermeable membrane is to be inspected.
  • the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (14) to achieve the above object.
  • liquid circulation device is a hemodialyzer having a hollow fiber membrane, and a contrast agent is trapped in the hollow fiber membrane.
  • the liquid flowing state in the liquid flowing device can be inspected without destroying the device at all. It can be used very suitably when grasping the problems related to the flow passages in the field and examining the improvement design / design change related to it.
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the distribution of X-ray absorption values on the blood side in a hemodialyzer under non-perfusion conditions of the eluate in the length direction of the hemodialyzer as an example of a liquid flow device. You.
  • the blood flows from the A side to the V side, and the blood flow Qb is set to 20 Om L / min.
  • the data points are the cross sections of each part (the cross section perpendicular to the flow).
  • the average and standard deviation of the x-ray absorption values in the poxel unit within the field of view covering about 80% of the hollow fiber bundle in the image are shown.
  • FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the distribution of X-ray absorption values on the blood side in the hemodialyzer under the conditions of dialysate perfusion in the length direction of the hemodialyzer, which is also an example of the liquid flow device.
  • the blood flows from the A side to the V side
  • the blood flow Qb is set to 200 mLZ
  • the dialysate flows in the opposite direction
  • the dialysate flow is set to 50 OmLZ
  • the filtration flow Q f indicates the case of O m LZ
  • the data points are the poxel units within the field of view including about 80% of the hollow fiber bundle of the cross section (cross section perpendicular to the flow) image of each part. Shows the average and standard deviation of X-ray absorption values.
  • Fig. 3 shows a hemodialyzer, which is also an example of a liquid flow device, in which bovine blood to which about 20% of barium sulfate has been added is pulsed and injected into the hemodialyzer, and a longitudinal section (section parallel to the flow) is shown.
  • the barium sulfate-rich portion Photo It can be seen that the white part in the middle flows down, especially at the center of the hemodialyzer.
  • A shows the state of the hemodialyzer immediately after barium sulfate was injected.
  • B is the hemodialyzer 6 seconds after barium sulfate was injected.
  • C is a hemodialyzer 12 seconds after barium sulfate was injected.
  • D is the hemodialyzer 18 seconds after injecting the barium sulfate.
  • E is a hemodialyzer 24 seconds after injecting barium sulfate. "Is a hemodialyzer 30 seconds after barium sulfate was injected.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of an X-ray computed tomography image obtained in Example 3 to be described later.
  • a vertically long image in the center is a dialyzer.
  • Fig. 5 is a model diagram of the explanatory diagram obtained by tracing the X-ray computed tomographic image of Fig. 4 in order to explain Fig. 4 clearly.
  • a computer tomography apparatus irradiates an observation target with a beam of X-rays or electromagnetic waves, detects information obtained by interaction with the observation target, and obtains a slice cross section including a part to be observed by a computer.
  • This device reconstructs and renders images (tomographic images) for inspection, diagnosis, and observation. In addition to taking and observing tomographic images, it sometimes renders a 3D image based on that information.
  • a contrast agent is in the form of particles or incorporated into a part of a polymer.
  • a liquid circulation device is a typical example of a tubular body for guiding a liquid or a device for treating a liquid, for example, a reverse osmosis device, a filter, a dialyzer, an adsorption column, a heat exchanger, and the like.
  • a reverse osmosis device for example, a filter, a dialyzer, an adsorption column, a heat exchanger, and the like.
  • Any liquid may be used as the flowing liquid, and any of solvents, solutions, suspensions, slurries, and the like can be used.
  • the liquid flowing state in the present invention refers to a state in which the liquid flows unevenly in the liquid flowing device, or a state in which the liquid is concentrated or diluted.
  • the liquid flowing state refers to the density and viscosity of the liquid. Temperature, the flow rate, the flow rate, the nature of the liquid contact surface of the liquid flow device, such as the unevenness, and the structural design of the liquid flow section.
  • an X-ray computed tomography apparatus / magnetic resonance tomography apparatus used in computer tomography diagnosis is preferably used for the purpose of observing a state in which a liquid flows in each part.
  • an X-ray computed tomography apparatus refers to an X-ray fan beam rotated and applied to an object, and the presence state of an X-ray absorption component inside the object is calculated as a tomographic image from the transmitted X-ray intensity. It refers to an apparatus having a drawing mechanism.
  • a magnetic resonance tomography device is a device that places an object in a superconducting static magnetic field, applies a gradient magnetic field, radiates radio waves as pulses, and reduces the resonance of the protons in the object by magnetic resonance. Calculates the distribution of the relaxation time of water in an object by detecting the generated electromagnetic waves. At this time, by applying various pulse sequence modes, the flow rate of the liquid can be measured. In the present invention, the flow state is observed as it is, which is a so-called online observation method. However, the obtained image information can be recorded in an electronic medium or a computer tomography apparatus. But it can be done.
  • the flowing liquid Although the inspection method according to the present invention can be carried out by using the liquid itself, if the flowing state of the flowing liquid itself cannot be observed or it is difficult to observe the flow state due to the detection principle, etc.
  • a liquid obtained by mixing an auxiliary agent and a contrast agent (sometimes referred to as a sensitizer) into the flowing liquid may be used.
  • contrast agent when an X-ray computed tomography apparatus is used, an eodo-based contrast medium or barium sulfate or bubbles are preferably used.
  • a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus When a magnetic resonance tomography apparatus is used, a gadolinium-based complex, Iron oxide-based contrast agents or air bubbles are preferably used, and it is particularly important in the present invention to use a particulate contrast agent or a high-molecular-weight contrast agent having a molecular weight of 100,000 or more.
  • the particulate contrast agent refers to a substance that does not substantially dissolve in a flowing liquid, and a conventional contrast agent such as a conventional contrast agent or a chelating agent is, in terms of such a solubility, unlikely.
  • a conventional contrast agent such as a conventional contrast agent or a chelating agent is, in terms of such a solubility, unlikely.
  • the molecular weight is larger than the conventional one (molecular weight of less than 2,000), it cannot be said to be a particulate contrast agent.
  • Barium sulphate, iron oxide agents or air bubbles correspond to particulate contrast agents.
  • the particulate contrast agent does not necessarily have to be spherical, but often becomes almost spherical due to the formation of particles.
  • Such particulate contrast agents are characterized by their average diameter (average particle size). It is necessary to select the particle size of the particulate contrast agent according to the surface roughness of the observation target site and the liquid flow conditions.
  • a particle diameter of 20 nanometers or more is required in order to prevent the membrane from penetrating, but the inner diameter of the hollow fiber (lumen diameter) ) Is usually around 200 microns, so the particle size should be less than 50 microns.
  • the air bubbles need to be stable, and gas-filled microcapsules (also called microballoons, microspheres, etc.) are preferably used.
  • a high-molecular-weight contrast agent having a molecular weight of 100,000 or more is preferably a compound in which a low-molecular-weight substance that has an imaging effect on a synthetic polymer, protein, or the like is bound by a covalent bond, an ionic bond, or a hydrophobic bond. It has a molecular weight exceeding 100,000.
  • the molecular weight of the conventional contrast agent is often 2,000 or less, and a slight amount of the contrast agent bound to albumin is seen (see “Radiol ogy) ", 198, 813, 1996), none of which has a molecular weight exceeding 100,000.
  • a high-molecular-weight contrast agent having a molecular weight of 100,000 or more cannot pass through the membrane, it is desirable for observation of a hemodialyzer or a hemofilter, and similarly, when a plasma separation membrane is observed, a contrast agent having a molecular weight of more than 200,000 is used. desirable.
  • Barium sulfate, iron oxide agent, or air bubbles are in the form of particles, and are in a state that does not conform to the concept of molecular weight (aggregate state of atomic groups or gases).
  • the contrast agent can be dissolved or suspended in the flowing liquid.
  • the contrast agent can be dissolved or suspended in the flowing liquid.
  • bubbles and particles are dispersed as uniformly as possible, and that the movement of the contrast agent itself due to gravity in the liquid does not significantly affect the observation results. It is necessary to choose a condition that is within the range that can be done.
  • V the velocity of the particles moving through the liquid
  • D p is the diameter of the particles
  • jO p is the density of the particles
  • yO is the density of the liquid
  • g the gravitational acceleration
  • viscosity of the liquid is .
  • V is positive, it means the sedimentation velocity; if it is negative, it means the ascent velocity.
  • the stationary sedimentation velocity or floating velocity in the liquid defined in this way is not more than the average linear velocity of the flowing liquid at the observation target site for the purpose of observing the liquid flow state with a contrast agent as little as possible. More preferably, the average linear velocity of the flowing liquid at the observation target site is 110 or less. The average linear velocity is calculated by dividing the liquid flow rate at the site to be observed by the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the flow at that site.
  • the speed is equal to or less than the ratio of the spatial resolution imaging time, and when it is necessary to maintain the resolution, the speed is preferably 110 or less of the ratio of the spatial resolution to the imaging time.
  • the contrast agent aggregates, adheres to and adheres to the liquid contact surface of the liquid flow device, and the characteristics of the flow liquid change significantly due to the addition of the contrast agent. It is important to examine these as well.
  • Particulate The average particle size of the contrast agent is from 300 nm or more to 10,000 nm or less from the viewpoints of semipermeable membrane permeability, sedimentation / floating speed of the contrast agent, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, etc. Those can be preferably used.
  • the blood extracorporeal circulation devices to be observed have direct functions such as plasma separators, blood perfusion adsorption tubes, plasma perfusion adsorption tubes, artificial lungs, hemodialyzers, blood filters, and heat exchangers for blood. And a blood extracorporeal circulation drive control device.
  • the observation purpose may not be achieved because the contrast agent has permeated the membrane.
  • a so-called normal filtration phenomenon occurs, in which the water is filtered from the inside of the hollow fiber to the outside of the hollow fiber on the upstream side of the dialyzer, while the hollow fiber is downstream on the dialyzer.
  • the so-called back-filtration phenomena in which filtration is performed by the flow from the outside into the hollow fiber, occurs, and the subtracted amount is considered to be the net filtration amount.
  • the liquid flowing device incorporates a membrane having a dense layer and a coarse pore layer
  • trapping a contrast agent in the membrane may be significantly significant.
  • the contrast agent tries to flow at the same time as the liquid flows through the membrane. If the surface has coarse pores larger than the size of the contrast agent particles or molecules and part of the film has a dense layer with pores smaller than the size of the contrast agent particles or molecules, the surface of the film or in the film This is because the contrast agent is deposited on the surface, and the X-ray absorption value changes depending on the amount of the deposited agent.
  • Trapping the contrast agent in the film involves flowing a liquid containing a contrast agent having a large diameter in the dense layer and a small hole in the coarse pore layer in a liquid circulation device having the film, and maintaining the flow state. This can be achieved by allowing a liquid not containing a contrast agent to flow as it is.
  • the liquid flowing device is a hemodialyzer having a hollow fiber membrane
  • a means for trapping a contrast agent in the hollow fiber membrane is preferably used.
  • Trapping the contrast agent in the hollow fiber membrane can be performed by using a blood dialyser having a hollow fiber membrane, a blood containing a contrast agent having a large pore size in a dense layer of the membrane and a small pore size in a coarse pore layer, or This can be achieved by distributing the dialysate and distributing the blood containing no contrast agent or the dialysate while maintaining the distribution state.
  • the non-destructive inspection means that inspection and observation are performed while the liquid circulation device is used, and that the structure of the liquid circulation device is not changed for observation. .
  • the fluid circulation device is not compatible with the observation means based on the method of the present invention, for example, if the flow path is made of metal and the observation is to be performed with an X-ray computer tomography apparatus, the observation apparatus is suitable for the observation means. Observation may be performed using a liquid distribution device model made of the material to be used.
  • the perfusion conditions of the hemodialyzer are as follows.
  • the average blood linear velocity in the hollow fiber is 9 mmZ seconds.
  • the observation conditions were a spatial resolution of 0.35 mm and an imaging time of 2 seconds, and the ratio of the spatial resolution and imaging time was 0.175 mmZ seconds.
  • Example 2 Analysis of blood flow in hemodialyzer by pulse injection of contrast agent (Example 2): 5% by weight of barium sulfate particles (particle size: average particle size 800 nm, range 100- Hemodialysis machine (Toray Co., Ltd., “Tresulfone”) is fed with bovine blood (hematocrit value: 30%, total protein concentration: 6.5 g / dL) to which 200 nanometers are added. About 3 ml of bovine blood spiked with barium sulfate at a high concentration (about 20% by weight) was injected into the blood circuit on the blood inlet side of (registered trademark BS-1.6 UL) in about 1 second. Scanning starts at the same timing, and X-ray computer slice images (GE Yokogawa Medical Co., Ltd., HiSpeed DX / i) are cycled for about 2 seconds.
  • X-ray computer slice images GE Yokogawa Medical Co., Ltd., HiSpeed DX / i
  • X-ray absorption values were measured by obtaining longitudinal and transverse cross-sectional images under the above two conditions. The obtained images were analyzed on a personal computer using View II software.
  • a total protein concentration of 6.5 g / d L) was flowed through the dialysate flow path at a flow rate (Qd) of 500 mI Zmin, and a saline solution was flowed for 20 minutes, followed by bovine blood flow through the blood flow path
  • the flow rate (Q d) into the dialysate flow path is 500 mI / min, and 2% by volume of barium sulfate particles (particle diameter: average particle diameter 800 nanometers, range 100 to 200 nanometers)
  • a physiological saline solution to which was added was flowed for 5 minutes, and barium sulfate particles (particle diameter: average particle diameter 800 nm, range 100 to 2000 nm) were
  • Figure 4 shows the X-ray computed tomography image.
  • the vertical image in the center is the dialyzer.
  • Fig. 5 is a model drawing of the explanatory diagram obtained by tracing the X-ray computer tomographic image of Fig. 4 in order to explain Fig. 4 clearly.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the outline by tracing the X-ray computed tomographic image of Fig. 4, and in Fig. 4, the X-ray CT field has a black circular shape. It is.
  • the hemodialyzer at the center in FIGS. 4 and 5 has a blood inlet on the upper side and a blood outlet on the lower side as shown in FIG.
  • a dialysate outlet force blur is located near the blood inlet, and a dialysate inlet coupler is located near the blood outlet. Blood flows in the hemodialyzer from the top to the bottom as shown by the arrow, and the dialysate flows in the direction opposite to the blood flow direction, also as shown by the arrow. is there.
  • the liquid flowing state in the liquid flowing device of the present invention can be inspected and observed without breaking the device at all.
  • the apparatus can be used very suitably and efficiently when grasping problems concerning the flow passages of the apparatus and examining improvement designs and design changes related thereto.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de contrôle non destructeur de l'état d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif dans lequel s'écoule le liquide au moyen d'un tomographe, se caractérisant par l'utilisation d'un milieu de contraste particulaire ou d'un milieu de contraste de poids moléculaire élevé possédant un poids moléculaire de 100 000 ou plus.
PCT/JP2003/009253 2002-07-24 2003-07-22 Procede de controle non destructeur de l'etat d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif de passage de liquide WO2004010126A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002214877A JP2004053552A (ja) 2002-07-24 2002-07-24 液体流通装置内の液体流動状態の非破壊検査方法
JP2002-214877 2002-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004010126A1 true WO2004010126A1 (fr) 2004-01-29

Family

ID=30767899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2003/009253 WO2004010126A1 (fr) 2002-07-24 2003-07-22 Procede de controle non destructeur de l'etat d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif de passage de liquide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2004053552A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004010126A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2675559B1 (fr) * 2011-02-16 2020-06-10 Oakwood Laboratories, Llc Fabrication de microsphères au moyen d'un hydrocyclone

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2494377C1 (ru) * 2012-05-17 2013-09-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН Способ получения трехмерного образа пробы планктона
JP6260521B2 (ja) * 2014-11-25 2018-01-17 株式会社島津製作所 粒子解析装置及び粒子解析方法
JP2019045272A (ja) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-22 学校法人近畿大学 非破壊流動解析方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08169849A (ja) * 1991-10-30 1996-07-02 Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd Ｃｔ用硫酸バリウム造影剤
JPH10500692A (ja) * 1994-05-23 1998-01-20 イマアーレクス・フアーマシユーチカル・コーポレーシヨン コンピューター連動断層撮影用造影剤としてのガス充填マイクロスフェアー
WO2000072037A1 (fr) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Nycomed Imaging As Procede d'imagerie par resonance magnetique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08169849A (ja) * 1991-10-30 1996-07-02 Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd Ｃｔ用硫酸バリウム造影剤
JPH10500692A (ja) * 1994-05-23 1998-01-20 イマアーレクス・フアーマシユーチカル・コーポレーシヨン コンピューター連動断層撮影用造影剤としてのガス充填マイクロスフェアー
WO2000072037A1 (fr) * 1999-05-21 2000-11-30 Nycomed Imaging As Procede d'imagerie par resonance magnetique

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HARDY P.A. ET AL.: "Non-invasive measurement of counter-current flows in a hemodialyzer using fourier-velocity magnetic resonance imaging", ADVANCES IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 363, 1999, pages 135 - 140, XP002975643 *
KAZUTO SUZUKI ET AL.: "Ryudo jotai o koryo shita dialyzer sekkei no kokoromi", THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, vol. 19, no. 2, 15 April 1990 (1990-04-15), pages 791 - 794, XP002975642 *
TAKESAWA S. ET AL.: "Nondestructive evaluation by X-ray computed tomography of a dialysate flow patterns in capillary dialyzers", ASAIO TRANSACTIONS, vol. 34, no. 3, July 1988 (1988-07-01) - September 1988 (1988-09-01), pages 794 - 799, XP002975641 *
YOSHITADA SAKAI ET AL.: "X-sen CT o mochiita dialyzer-nai ketsueki ryudo jotai no kansatsu", THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, vol. 31, no. 2, 15 September 2002 (2002-09-15), pages S-122, XP002975644 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2675559B1 (fr) * 2011-02-16 2020-06-10 Oakwood Laboratories, Llc Fabrication de microsphères au moyen d'un hydrocyclone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004053552A (ja) 2004-02-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3362119B1 (fr) Catheter a membrane
ES2303155T5 (es) Aparato para determinar parámetros de hemodiálisis
DE102013010724A1 (de) Polymeres Vollbluthohlfasermembranfiltermedium und Verwendung davon zum Abtrennen von Blutplasma/-serum von Vollblut
DE102013010735A1 (de) Keramisches Vollbluthohlfasermembranfiltermedium und Verwendung davon zum Abtrennen von Blutplasma/-serum von Vollblut
Hirano et al. Experimental evaluation of flow and dialysis performance of hollow-fiber dialyzers with different packing densities
Poh et al. Effect of flow baffles on the dialysate flow distribution of hollow-fiber hemodialyzers: a nonintrusive experimental study using MRI
Verkhovskii et al. Lightsheet-based flow cytometer for whole blood with the ability for the magnetic retrieval of objects from the blood flow
WO2004010126A1 (fr) Procede de controle non destructeur de l'etat d'un flux de liquide dans un dispositif de passage de liquide
JPH05507070A (ja) 造影剤、その製法および造影への適用
Eloot Experimental and numerical modeling of dialysis
DE102015120099B4 (de) Ultraschallsonde zur Detektion von Fremdstrukturen in Fluiden
Potger et al. Air transmission comparison of the affinity fusion oxygenator with an integrated arterial filter to the affinity NT oxygenator with a separate arterial filter
Fukuda et al. Newly developed pediatric membrane oxygenator that suppresses excessive pressure drop in cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
Berger et al. A differential transformer for noninvasive continuous sodium monitoring during dialysis treatment
JPS5815866A (ja) 血液からの重金属の除去方法および装置
Bhattacharjee et al. Electrohydrodynamic transport of non‐symmetric electrolyte through porous wall of a microtube
Ronco et al. Blood flow distribution in sorbent beds: analysis of a new sorbent device for hemoperfusion
Grabowski Platelet aggregation in flowing blood in vitro. I. Production by controlled ADP convective diffusion and quantification by videodensitometry
Hung et al. Transport and flow phenomena in a microchannel membrane oxygenator
Hayama et al. Optimum dialysis membrane for endotoxin blocking
JP3994436B2 (ja) 透析装置
Sakai et al. Nondestructive evaluation of blood flow in a dialyzer using X-ray computed tomography
Mouzakis et al. A new approach towards extracorporeal gas exchange and first in vitro results
JP2010082068A (ja) 血液適合性の評価・検査用の血液回路および循環システム
Matsuda et al. Theoretical and experimental evaluation for blood pressure drop and oxygen transfer rate in outside blood flow membrane oxygenator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CA US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase