WO2004005188A1

WO2004005188A1 - A process and an apparatus for producing carbon from organics

Info

Publication number: WO2004005188A1
Application number: PCT/CN2002/000484
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kunimichi Sato
Original assignee: Qian, Rongwei
Priority date: 2001-06-13
Filing date: 2002-07-09
Publication date: 2004-01-15
Also published as: CN1176013C; CN1390780A

Abstract

This invention provides a production apparatus, which is compact in configuration and easy to control, and can be used to produce oxides-free carbon from organics. The organics are placed in a well-covered specific container. The container is then thermally treated in a carbonization-promoting chamber at a temperature of about 350°C after having been passed through a front preparation chamber of the said carbon production apparatus. The container is then removed via a rear preparation chamber and cooled in ambient to about 100'C. Carbon is removed from the specific container and fed into a breaking-type magnetic separator to be separated into carbides and a mixture of metals. Oxides-free carbon is thereby obtained.

Description

Method and device for producing carbon from organic matter TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing carbon from organic matter.

Background technique

In order to reuse waste tires, examples of known methods for making activated carbon from waste tires in the past include, for example, a method of directly burning waste tires in a combustion furnace for a certain period of time, contacting them with water or water vapor, and obtaining activated carbons after cooling and washing. And a method of mixing other substances that can produce a specific reaction into the waste tire, crushing and pulverizing them into a block of a certain size, and then superheating it in this state for a predetermined time, and then cooling and washing with water or steam to obtain activated carbon, etc. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-292409. But this is not limited to waste tires. If it is organic, carbon can also be produced in the same way.

However, the methods introduced in the prior art have some problems. The former problem is that the steel wire in the tire is oxidized during combustion. Although it is separated by magnetic separation, it is difficult to remove the fine powdered iron powder but it will still remain in the activated carbon. The latter problem is that although it is magnetically separated by a magnetic separator before heating, it cannot remove the steel wire inclusions in the rubber, so that the iron powder is mixed into the activated carbon; therefore, no matter which method there is the problem of iron powder mixing, and mixed with Another limitation is the limited use of iron powder for activated carbon. Moreover, the oxidized metal has not been used.

Summary of the Invention

In view of these problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing device with a simple structure and easy control. A method and a device capable of producing activated carbon from organic matter without leaving oxides such as iron powder in the formed activated carbon.

To achieve this, the method of the present invention is characterized by the following steps: After passing a special container filled with organic matter and sealed with a lid through a preparation chamber in a carbon manufacturing apparatus, the organic matter is heated indirectly while passing through the carbonization promotion chamber. Overheating process to a predetermined temperature;

Allowing it to radiate heat in the carbonization-promoting room, lowering the temperature in the special container heated to superheat to below the combustion temperature of the produced carbon, and removing it through the natural cooling process of the preparatory chamber; and

The process of taking out the produced carbon from the above-mentioned special container, crushing it, and separating it into a carbide and a mixture.

The structure of the device invention is characterized by:

A carbon manufacturing apparatus having a pair of preparatory chambers, that is, a moving-in preparatory chamber and a removing preparatory chamber, which are special containers filled with organic matter and sealed with a lid, are sequentially arranged in the carbonization promotion chamber between the pair of preparatory chambers; The preparation room has the above-mentioned special container conveying mechanism and pre-heating means for internal and external pressure adjustment; the carbonization promotion room and the pair of preparation rooms are separated by an openable and closable door, and the interior is also provided with There is a conveying mechanism for the special container; a heating means for indirectly heating the organic matter in the special container to a predetermined temperature; and a crushing magnetic separator, which crushes the carbon taken out of the special container, and separates the A mixture of metals and the like. ,

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments: FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially omitted plan view of an example of a carbon manufacturing apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the device of FIG. 2. FIG.

Fig. 4 is a side view of a part of the structure of the preparation room.

Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of the carbonization promotion chamber.

Fig. 6 is a schematic partial plan view showing the internal structure of the preparation room and the carbonization promotion room. Figure 7 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the isolation door.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a crushing magnetic separator.

In the picture

1. Dedicated container, 22 · 23, Dedicated superheating heater 10, Carbon manufacturing device 26, Entrance door

11 · 13, Preparation room 27, Exit door

12.Carbonization promotion room

20 · 21, Nitrogen storage room

28. Special table with conveying roller (for incoming goods) 50. Overheating tube

29. Dedicated table with conveying roller (for shipment) 51. Exhaust pipe

30. Loading guide 62. Red hot tube

32, guide rail for moving container 63, heating burner

33. Moving chain with claws 67. Guide rail for moving container

34. Mobile chain drive shaft 68. Mobile chain with claws

35, gear 69, moving chain drive shaft 36, chain 70, drive gear

37.Isolation door 71.72.Chain

38 39, door 73, drive motor

42 · 43, door frame 100, crushing magnetic separator

44 · 45, Door body receiving groove 103, A pair of crushing rollers

47.Exhaust duct 104.Belt conveyor

48 、 Gas piping 108 、 Magnet belt conveyor

49 、 Gas piping

detailed description

The function will be described below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is an explanatory view of an example of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partial plan view showing a carbon manufacturing apparatus, and Fig. 3 is a front view of the apparatus of Fig. 2. The raw material organic matter is directly put into a container and sealed with a lid, and then moved into the carbon manufacturing device along the solid line arrow direction A shown in FIG. 1, and then conveyed along the solid line arrow B direction and removed through the solid line arrow C direction. Specifically, the raw material organic substance may be in the original shape, even if there are inorganic substances and metals. The organic container 1 is not specifically shown in its structure, but it is preferably made of a metal with a good thermal conductivity of 3m3 in volume. There are two grooves on the bottom of the outside. These grooves are equipped with metal wheels that can rotate freely (preferably 6). ), And a hook that cooperates with a claw dedicated to a container driving chain described later is mounted. The special container 1 can then be filled with, for example, 30 to 35 ordinary car tires (5 to 7 kg after use), or 7 to 10 large truck tires.

A device 10 for processing and manufacturing carbon by filling organic matter in a special container 1 is provided with a special container 1 moved into a preparation room 11, a plurality of carbonization promotion rooms 12 and a special container 1 removed 备室 13.

The preparatory chambers 11 and 13 are used to prevent the special container 1 from moving into or out of the carbonization promotion chamber 12, and air enters the carbonization promotion chamber to cause an explosion. The two preparatory chambers 11 and 13 have the same structure. Specifically, the outer side of the sidewall is a heat-resistant metal plate, and the inner side is made of a heat-resistant brick to protect the metal plate and improve the thermal insulation effect. In the top portion 14 and 15, an exhaust pipe 16 and 17, with a lower side 16, 17 and 19 and the gas pipe 18, the exhaust gas (N ₂₎ injection injection pipe 18, 19 is provided with the preliminary A differential pressure gauge (not shown) outside the chambers 11 and 13 is connected to adjust the amount of exhaust gas entering and leaving. Nitrogen is drawn from the nitrogen storage chambers 20 and 21, heated to about 200 ° C by special heaters 22 and 23, and then introduced into the preparatory chambers 11 and 13 through the gas injection pipes 18 and 19, and on the exhaust pipes 16 and 17 A baffle is installed to adjust or cut off the exhaust gas volume, and the exhaust gas is processed in the exhaust gas treatment portions 24 and 25. On the front side of the preparation rooms 11 and 13, there is an entrance door and an exit door in only one direction. At the same time, there is a container stand 28 with guide rollers at the entrance (for incoming goods), and a container stand 29 with guide rollers at the exit. (For shipment), the container 1 is driven into the preparation room 11 by a chain, and is discharged from the preparation room 13. When the container 1 is introduced and led out, as shown in FIG. 6, two parallel receiving rails 30 are provided on the bottom surface of the preparation room 11 (the same as the shipping rails are also provided in the preparation room 13, but the diagram 6 (not shown) can prevent the position from moving left and right. At the bottom of the preparation room 11, two container moving guide rails 32 are arranged orthogonally to the receiving guide rails 30 on the sleeper 31 for holding the two guide rails arranged in parallel. The two claw-moving chains 33 on the moving chain driving shaft 34 are provided with driving gears 35 at the ends of the shaft 34, and rotate through the chain 36 after receiving the rotational force of a driving motor (not shown). The rotation of the moving chain 33 The claw is combined with a hook at the bottom of the container 1 The device 1 moves in the direction of a solid line arrow shown in FIG. 6. Among them, the preparation room 13 can also be completely swung, and the internal structure of the preparation room 13 is omitted in FIG. 6.

The plurality of carbonization promotion chambers 12 for transferring the special container 1 from the preparation chamber 11 have independent structures separated from each other by the isolation doors between the preparation chambers 11 and 13 and are not connected to each other. The number of the chambers can be based on the organic matter. The amount of processing increases or decreases. The isolation door 37 has left and right door bodies 38 and 39, and a protrusion portion 40 is formed in the longitudinal direction of the joint surface of the door body 38. A concave portion 41 is formed in the longitudinal direction of the joint surface of the other door body 39. The opening and closing means (not shown) causes the door body to open and close in a sliding manner. The central portion of the door body is fitted into one with the protruding portion 40 and the recessed portion 41. When the door is opened, the door bodies 38 and 39 are respectively accommodated in the left and right door frames 42, 43. Among the accommodating portions 44 and 45, the door frames 42, 43 are respectively arranged side by side at appropriate positions of the preparatory chambers 11, 13 and the carbonization promotion chamber 12, and the respective carbide promotion chambers 12, 12. The outer side of each carbonization promotion chamber 12 is made of metal and the inner wall is made of heat-resistant brick. The furnace roof has a quadrangular pyramid shape. Heat-resistant concrete is laid on the furnace roof portion 46. An exhaust duct for separating gas is provided at the center of the outer side of the furnace roof portion 46 47. These exhaust ducts 47 and the exhaust ducts of the adjacent carbonization chamber 12 are interconnected into a group. Each carbonization promotion chamber 12 is provided with a combustion gas piping 48 for heating under the front side. These pipes 48 are vertically arranged to extend outward through the furnace roof into a combustion pipe 49, and on the back of the carbonization promotion chamber 12 opposite the pipe 48 The lower part is provided with three heating pipes 50, and these heating pipes 50 are arranged vertically to extend into an exhaust pipe through the furnace roof. An exhaust pipe 47 connected to the reaction chamber through the baffle 52 and the exhaust gas treatment section 53, through the gas after being mixed with the air blower exhaust duct 47 into the drum is introduced into the reaction chamber ^53, reaction chamber 53 from external auxiliary burner The reactor 55 obtains a high temperature, and a baffle plate (not shown) is provided in the reaction chamber 53 so that the mixed gas with air can be stopped in the reaction chamber. Stay for a while. The outside surface of the reaction chamber 53 is a heat-resistant metal, and the inside is a heat-resistant brick. The indoor temperature is set at 400 to 900 ° C, and is automatically controlled so that it does not fall below this temperature. The mixed gas in the reaction chamber 53 is completely burned into a colorless and odorless gas, and enters the superheating pipe 50 through the baffle plate 56 so that the temperature in the carbonization promotion chamber 12 can be reused. Baffles 57 and 58 are respectively provided in front of the final outlets of the combustion gas piping 49 and the exhaust pipe 51 for adjusting exhaust gas and preventing air from flowing backward. In each of the carbonization promotion chambers 12, as shown in FIG. 5, a quartz pin plate 61 preferably having a thickness of about 20 mm is horizontally embedded in the grooves 59 and 60 formed on both sides of the lower portion thereof. Two sieve-shaped red heat cylinders 62 with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 1500 mm are preferably arranged horizontally below, and the respective injections of two heating burners 63 are disposed on the front side of the two red heat cylinders 62 in the lateral (axial) direction. A mouthpiece 64 is further provided with a stainless steel reflector plate 65 supported on the heat-resistant concrete at the bottom of the promotion chamber below the red heat cylinder 62. In addition, two sleepers 66 of two fixed guide rails are arranged in parallel slightly above the quartz pin plate 61, and two parallel container moving guide rails 67 orthogonal to the rail holding sleeper 66 are laid on the guide rails. 67 Two claw-moving chains 68 suspended parallel to the front and rear pair of moving chain drive shafts on the outside, and are connected to an external drive motor 73 through drive gears 70, chains 71, 72 at the end of the shaft. The moving chain 68 is driven to rotate. After the melon of the chain 68 is combined with the hook at the bottom of the container 1, the container 1 is guided by a pair of container rails 74 installed on the left and right sides of the inner wall, following the solid line shown in FIG. Arrow directions are moved in order.

A crushing magnetic separator 100 is a well-known device for crushing the manufactured carbon from the container removed from the preparation chamber 13 after passing through the carbonization promotion chamber 12 and magnetically selecting the mixture. The schematic structure is shown in FIG. A pair of crushing rollers into which the hopper 102 enters the material for crushing 103 is supported on a rotating shaft, and a belt conveyor 104 is provided below the crushing roller 103, which conveys the mixture 201 and carbon 202 of the metal and the like broken and separated by the crushing roller 103. The belt conveyor 104 is rotated by a driving source (not shown) rotating Driven by the driving rubber roller 105, the intermediate rubber roller 106, and the driven rubber wheel 107, it can rotate in the direction of the solid arrow shown in FIG. 1; slightly above the belt conveyor, it is close to the driven rubber wheel 107 side from the middle, A belt conveyor 108 with a magnet is also provided. The belt conveyor 108 is driven by a driving source (not shown) under the driving force of a driving rubber roller 109, an intermediate rubber roller 110, and a driven rubber wheel 111. Rotation; The carbon 200 entering from the hopper 102 is crushed by the rotating crushing roller 103, and then conveyed by the belt conveyor, and the mixture of metal 201 is attracted and separated by the magnet on the belt conveyor 108 with the magnet, and then conveyed into the containing portion 112. . On the other hand, the carbide 202 is transported by the belt conveyor 104 and discharged through the discharge port 113 as a final product.

The manufacturing method is described below. Turn on the power to ignite each heating burner and start the heating operation in each carbonization promotion chamber 12. At the same time, as an operation outside the carbon manufacturing device 10, add the raw material organic matter into the special container 1 and cover it with a fork and chain. It is moved to a roller container stand (for receiving) 28 by a pulley or the like. When the temperature of each carbonization promotion chamber exceeds 300 ° C, start to inject nitrogen into the preparatory chambers 11 and 13, until the air pressure equal to the outside pressure, open the inlet door 26, and move the special container 1 containing organic matter into the preparatory chamber 11. When the predetermined position in the room is reached, the entrance door 26 is closed. Until this time, the temperature in each carbonization promotion chamber 12 is automatically adjusted to 350 to 450 ° C, preferably about 350 ° C. The temperature of 350 ~ 450 ° C is the proper temperature for the bonding between the organic molecules of the raw material organic carbon to be temporarily separated by heating, and then to form a carbon-carbon bonding slowly when they are recombined. When the temperature is lower than 350 ° C, carbonization does not proceed, which is uncomfortable. In order to exhaust gases other than carbon. Constant temperature nitrogen can be injected into the prepared chamber 11 after the container is accommodated, so that the air is forced out. When the nitrogen injection reaches a certain amount, the exhaust gas is stopped, and the isolation door 37 of the carbonization promotion chamber 12 is opened (the left and right door bodies 38 and 39 are in The external driving force slides left and right, and is accommodated in each of the accommodating portions 44 and 45, and is fully opened.) Then, the dedicated container 1 moves on two container moving guide rails 32, and simultaneously drives the rotating claw chain 33 The upper claw is combined with the hook at the bottom of the container, enters the first carbonization promotion chamber 12, and closes the isolation door 37 once the certain position of the chamber 12 is reached (the convex portions 40 and concave portions 41 of the door bodies 38 and 39 are fitted with each other , In the closed state with the central part closed), the carbonization promotion chamber 12 starts heating in a closed state. Since the inside of the carbonization promotion chamber 12 becomes a heating chamber sealed by the isolation door 37, the raw materials do not come into contact with air (oxygen), so the raw materials and the metals contained therein are not oxidized. At the same time, because there is no oxygen, the dioxide will not be synthesized. When the special container 1 is moved into the first carbonization promotion chamber 12, the preparatory chamber 11 is emptied. In order to move into the next special container 1, nitrogen is injected thereinto again. The air pressure in the preparatory chamber 11 is adjusted to be equal to the external pressure. Open the entrance door 26, move the next dedicated container 1 into the preparation room 11, and close the entrance door 26. The special container 1 in the preparation room 11 is in a standby state in the preparation room 11 until the special container 1 moved in front of the first carbonization promotion chamber 12 is transferred to the second carbonization promotion chamber 12, and the second carbonization promotion The isolation door of chamber 12 is closed. The special containers 1 in the carbonization promotion chamber 12 are sequentially moved from the first carbonization promotion chamber 12 to the second carbonization promotion chamber 12 and from the second carbonization promotion chamber 12 to the third carbonization promotion chamber 12, and the like. The heat treatment is preferably performed sequentially under the conditions of temperature and time at 350 ° C and 10 to ¹⁵ minutes. This heat treatment process is terminated in 30 to 60 minutes, and the special container 1 is prevented from being used in the final carbonization promotion chamber 12 Exothermic (natural cooling) until its temperature drops below the combustion temperature (200 ° C) at which the carbon is made. The gas generated during the heat treatment is discharged to the outside through each exhaust pipe, and after it is completely burned into a colorless, odorless gas, it is reused as a heat source, and then discharged to the outside. The generated gas has no oxidizing gas in each of the carbonization promotion chambers 12, so that no soot or the like is generated. The special container 1 that has exothermed to about 200 ° C or lower in the carbonization promotion chamber 12 is pressure-adjusted in the preparatory chamber 13 to prevent explosion, and is then transferred to a container-specific table 29 (for shipping) with rollers. Outside, it is naturally cooled to about 100 ° C in the outside atmosphere. After taking out the carbon whose temperature has dropped below 100 ° C from the special container 1, the ton of material 200 is crushed by the crushing roll 103 in the crushing magnetic separator 100, and is separated into carbon and a mixture of metals and inorganic substances. It is transported by the belt conveyor 104, and then separated by the magnets on the belt conveyor 108 with magnets. It is divided into carbide 202 and a mixture 201 of metal and iron. Although the final product carbon can be used as activated carbon, it also needs to be used according to the utilization and Various conditions such as refining are used.

Although the present embodiment is carried out by a continuous processing method in which a plurality of carbonization promotion chambers 12 are provided, the processing can also be performed in a batch mode.

In summary, according to the present invention, organic matter is placed in a special container, and this special container is passed in a carbon manufacturing device, and is separated into carbides and mixtures by a magnetic separator crusher to produce carbon by this method, so the thermal efficiency in the manufacturing process Good, high carbon formation rate, can produce activated carbon without oxides such as residual iron, so it can effectively reuse organic matter. In addition, if waste tires are used as raw materials, the steel wires can be reused, which is economical.

In addition, according to the present invention, carbon can be produced in the same manner from all organic matter (wood, tire, feces, plastic, raw garbage, etc.) without changing the treatment process. In addition, if a plurality of carbonization promotion chambers are provided, carbon can be produced in large quantities and continuously. Because the carbonization promotion chambers do not need to be connected, each chamber has an independent structure, so when a failure occurs, it can be quickly processed by exchanging the carbonization promotion chambers.

Claims

Rights request

1. A method for producing carbon from organic matter, which is characterized by the following steps: After passing a special container filled with organic matter and sealed with a lid through a preparatory chamber in a carbon manufacturing apparatus, while passing through the carbonization promoting chamber, it is passing through it. Overheating process of heating the organic matter indirectly to a predetermined temperature;

The carbonization promotes heat release in the room, reduces the temperature in the special container heated to superheat to below the combustion temperature of the produced carbon, and then removes the natural cooling process through the preparatory chamber; and

The process of taking out the produced carbon from the special container, crushing it, and separating it into a carbide and a mixture.

2. The method for producing carbon from organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the superheating step, a special container is passed through a plurality of carbides to promote the passage of the room, and it is not in contact with air during the entire step, Does not synthesize C0 ₂ , N0x, SOx and other substances.

3. A device for producing carbon from organic matter, which is characterized by:

A carbon manufacturing apparatus having a pair of preparatory chambers, that is, a special container filled with organic matter and sealed with a lid is moved into the preparatory chamber and removed from the preparatory chamber, and the carbonization promotion chambers between the pair of preparatory chambers are arranged in this order; The preparation room has the above-mentioned special container conveying mechanism and pre-heating means for adjusting the internal and external pressure; the carbonization promotion room and the pair of preparation rooms are separated by an openable and closable door, and the interior is also A conveying mechanism provided with said special container; and a heating means for indirectly heating the organic substance in the special container to a predetermined temperature; and

A crushing magnetic separator is used for crushing carbon taken out from said special container, and magnetically Separate the metal and other mixtures after separation.

4. The device for producing carbon from organic matter according to claim 3, wherein there are a plurality of said carbonization promotion chambers, said pair of preparatory chambers are arranged in series, each carbonization promotion chamber is independent of each other, and each carbonization promotion chamber The room and the preparatory room are separated by an openable and closable door