WO2004003971A2 - Systeme de sources lumineuses de balayage - Google Patents

Systeme de sources lumineuses de balayage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004003971A2
WO2004003971A2 PCT/US2003/019707 US0319707W WO2004003971A2 WO 2004003971 A2 WO2004003971 A2 WO 2004003971A2 US 0319707 W US0319707 W US 0319707W WO 2004003971 A2 WO2004003971 A2 WO 2004003971A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sources
light sources
brightness
light
collection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/019707
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004003971A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas J. Brukilacchio
John R. Householder
Patrick W. Hopkins
Original Assignee
Innovations In Optics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innovations In Optics, Inc. filed Critical Innovations In Optics, Inc.
Priority to JP2004517738A priority Critical patent/JP2005536835A/ja
Priority to EP03761983A priority patent/EP1532662A2/fr
Publication of WO2004003971A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004003971A2/fr
Publication of WO2004003971A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004003971A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/10—Scanning systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H01L33/60—Reflective elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to high brightness light sources and more particularly to apparatus by which the outputs of multiple light sources can be beneficially coupled into a single output whose brightness is greater than that of the individual sources from which it is derived.
  • LEDs Light emitting diodes
  • CW Light emitting diodes
  • the optical power out of an LED is limited because of the build up of high levels of damaging heat when operated CW near peak power levels.
  • LEDs represent an attractive alternative to lasers since they are less complex and expensive, are available over a range of colors ranging from the ultraviolet through the mid infrared spectrum, and can be modulated at decreased duty cycles to provide increased peak power without experiencing heat damage.
  • Other sources of optical radiation that can be modulated to provide increased peak power by operation at decreased duty cycles include laser diodes, xenon flash lamps, and the like.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide relatively compact and lightweight apparatus for serially coupling the outputs from a multiplicity of LEDs to provide a low cost, high brightness source.
  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for serially coupling multiple light sources into a single output.
  • the multiple light sources are pulsed at a rate that allows them to output light at a much higher level than they otherwise could. By rapidly combining these higher output pulsed sources, a comparatively large amount of light can be coupled to a single output to provide a concentrated source of high brightness.
  • the invention comprises a high brightness illumination system, comprising a plurality of modulatable light sources that are spatially separated in a prearranged pattern.
  • Drive means are provided for exciting the light sources in a predetermined sequence to provide a plurality of light pulses that are separated in space and time.
  • Scanning means serially receive and redirect the outputs of the plurality of light pulses for travel in rapid succession along one or more collection paths to provide a collective output that is comparatively higher in brightness than would otherwise be possible with the light sources operating individually.
  • the light sources can comprise LEDs, laser diodes (LDs), or xenon flash tubes, although LEDs are preferred.
  • arrays of LEDs are used in conjunction with arrays of compound parabolic concentrators and collimator optics to provide sequential collimated beams that are subsequently directed into the output of a downstream collector in the form of an optical fiber cable.
  • Scanning preferably is done by focusing lenses that form an image of the collimated beams on a scanning element after which it is reimaged onto the entrance pupil of the collecting fiber such that the product of a sources emission solid angle and its emitting area is substantially equal to the collection area and solid angle of acceptance of the fiber cable to assure optimal coupling.
  • acousto-optical modulators (AOMs) and diffractive arrangements can be configured to provide the scanning function and color mixing with diffractive elements is shown.
  • Phosphor layers may be used to provide desired colors.
  • a method provides a high brightness source of illumination by steps comprising mounting a plurality of modulatable light sources so that they are spatially separated in a prearranged pattern and then exciting the light sources in a predetermined sequence to provide a plurality of light pulses that are separated in space and time and higher in intensity than would otherwise be produced by the sources operating continuously.
  • the outputs of the light sources are scanned to serially receive and redirect them for travel in rapid succession along one or more collection paths to provide a collective output that is comparatively higher in brightness than would otherwise be possible with the light sources operating individually.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic high-level block diagram for the general architecture of a scanning light system of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic system timing diagram of the invention showing the relative sequence of pulses for its individual light sources, the position of the scanner of the invention in relation to the light pulses provided by the individual light sources, and the coupled outputs of the individual light sources as they appear as a single source of high brightness;
  • Fig. 3 is a graph of the continuous optical power output of an individual source used in the invention as a function of electrical input power
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating peak optical power as a function of duty cycle for individual light sources used in the invention
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective exterior view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional elevational view of the embodiment of Fig. 5 taken generally along line 6-6 of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevational view of a portion of Fig. 6 showing in greater detail collection optics and LED sources used in practicing the invention
  • Fig. 8a is a diagrammatic elevational view of a portion of the optical system of the invention illustrating the path taken by certain rays emerging from an axially located LED as they course their way to the input of an optical fiber that serves as the at the output of the system;
  • Fig. 8b is a diagrammatic elevational view of a portion of the optical system of the invention illustrating the path taken by certain rays emerging from an LED located at an off-axis position as they course their way to the input of an optical fiber that serves as the output of the system
  • Fig. 8c is a diagrammatic elevational view of a portion of the optical system of the invention illustrating the path taken by certain rays emerging from an LED located at an off-axis position other than that shown in Fig. 8b as they course their way to the input of an optical fiber that serves as the output of the system;
  • Fig. 8d is a table presenting lens prescription data for a design for practicing the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a tree diagram showing a variety of possibilities for practicing the invention by combining different light sources, actuators, and scanning elements;
  • Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a rotary embodiment of the invention in which a prism and DC servo motor are employed to serially couple the outputs from radially located individual sources to provide a high brightness single source;
  • Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic elevational view of another embodiment of the invention in which an AOM is used to serially couple the outputs from off axis located individual sources to provide a high brightness single source;
  • Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic elevational view of yet another embodiment of the invention in which rotating and fold mirrors are employed to serially couple the outputs from off axis located individual sources to provide a high brightness single source;
  • Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic elevational view illustrating another embodiment of the invention in which a rotating diffraction grating is used to serially couple the outputs from off axis located individual multiple wavelength sources to provide a high brightness single source;
  • Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a multiple wavelength division multiplexer embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic elevational view of an LED with a phosphor layer to provide a color-converted source that may be used with the invention.
  • the present invention provides a variety of embodiments for simple, low-cost, high brightness concentrated sources of light that may be used in place of lasers in a range of applications.
  • white light applications for the present invention include, but are not limited to, LCD projection systems (Metal Halide or High Pressure Mercury arc lamp replacement), surgical headlights, endoscope illumination, video system illumination, major surgical auxiliary lighting, high brightness industrial illumination, remote light delivery, automotive interior light engine, and / or architectural lighting, etc.
  • LCD projection systems Metal Halide or High Pressure Mercury arc lamp replacement
  • surgical headlights endoscope illumination
  • video system illumination major surgical auxiliary lighting
  • high brightness industrial illumination remote light delivery
  • automotive interior light engine and / or architectural lighting, etc.
  • Examples of single color applications for the present invention include, but are not limited to, photodynamic therapy (PDT), adhesive curing systems, and / or medical or dental curing, etc.
  • the present invention applies to any source of optical radiation that can be modulated to provide increased peak power with decreased duty cycle including, but not limited to, LED's, laser diodes, xenon flash lamps, etc.
  • LED's Light Emitting Diodes
  • FIG. 1 the invention is a lighting system 10 comprising two major components the light sources 12, comprised of a multiplicity of individual light sources and the scanning system or collection and directing system 16.
  • the function of the individual light sources 12 is to provide a high power light for a relatively brief period of time.
  • the purpose of the scanning system 16 is to optically couple the outputs from individual light sources into a single high brightness output, which is designated at 18.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a system timing diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • each light source 12 labeled LS-1, LS-2, etc.
  • the scanner 16 operates in synchronization with the timing of the individual pulses to optically couple each in turn into output 18.
  • the scanner serially operates with one pulse at a time to sequentially couple each pulse in turn into output 18. This process repeats in rapid succession, producing a nearly continuous output of the form shown at the bottom of Fig. 2 labeled "System Output".
  • the System Output is substantially higher than the CW output that can be provided by the individual sources.
  • the pulse rate should be higher than the human visual system flicker rate and for other applications can be higher as needed.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the relationship between peak optical power and duty cycle (the ratio between device on time and on time plus off time). As the Fig. 4 shows, with lower duty cycle, higher peak optical power can be extracted from each individual device. Thus, the average power of the output signal shown in Fig. 2 is many times higher than the continuous output of a single light source. As Fig. 4 illustrates, peak relative power can change from approximately 2 to in excess of 90 for a change in duty cycle of 100 to 1 , thus permitting the concentrated brightness of the output 18 to be significantly brighter than any of the individual source inputs.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention where it is designated generally as a system 20 having a body 21 for its major components.
  • System 20 includes an LED die or chip 28 as light sources and a voice-coil actuated 2-axis scanner 24.
  • a heat sink 22 is provided to cool the LED chip 28.
  • An optical fiber cable 26 optically and mechanically couples to complementary configured structure on or in body 21 and serves as the output for the collective system light output 18. Light emerging from the distal end of optical fiber cable 26 is thus a highly bright and concentrated source that may be used for any sensible downstream application requiring its properties.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the system 20 illustrated in Fig. 5, and Figure 7 illustrates a more detailed view of heat sink 22 and LED die 28 illustrated in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
  • the LEDs 28 are mounted on well-known headers that efficiently pass the heat to the heat sink 22.
  • heat sink 22 can also use a fan, liquid cooled heat exchanger, or TE coolers to more effectively remove heat.
  • the LEDs may take on the form of a one or two dimensional array composed of individual emitting areas each of which is coupled into a corresponding optical element of an array of optical elements 30.
  • An array of collimating lenses 32 operates on the outputs from the optical element array 30 to provide a series of collimated beams when an individual LED is turned on.
  • the collimated beams each pass through a focusing lens subsystem comprising a field lens 34 and two converging lenses 36 and 38 all of which are constructed to image each collimated beam onto a mirror 42 that is mounted for two-dimensional displacement and actuated by a voice coil 40 or the like so that it can be made to tip and tilt with respect to the optical axis.
  • the images formed on mirror 42 are, in turn, re-imaged into the core of the optical fiber cable 26 by a re-imaging lens subsystem comprising three elements 44, 46 and 48.
  • a quadrant detector 58 is included to provide signals for controlling the position of mirror 42.
  • Well-known system electronics are provided to control the various system functions and drive the LEDs and mirror 42 in concert with one another as required by the timing diagram of Fig. 2. System electronics are located in an electronics area 56 provided for this purpose.
  • each LED in die 28 is efficiently out- coupled by a non-imaging concentrator such as, but not limited to, a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) 60 integrally formed as an element of collection array 30.
  • CPC compound parabolic concentrator
  • Each CPC which is structured to operate by total internal reflection (TIR) or may be provided with reflective surfaces as needed with.e.g. UV light, effectively collects all of the light from its corresponding LED in chip 28 and emits substantially 100 percent of it through an exit pupil that is preferably 1.5 mm in diameter.
  • the collimating lens array 32 is comprised of an array of collimating lens elements 64 (typical) that form individual collimated beams of the light emerging form the exit pupil of a corresponding CPC.
  • each collimating lens 64 illustrated in Fig. 7 collects the light exiting points on the exit pupil of a corresponding optical concentrator and focuses it to infinity as is illustrated in Figs. 8a, 8b, and 8c. which are ray traces corresponding to an on-axis LED emitting, an off-axis upper LED emitting, and an off- axis lower LED emitting.
  • the focusing lenses illustrated in Fig.6 form an image on the mirror in the 2-axis scanner 24.
  • the scanner 24 acts to direct each of the images of the output face of the optical concentrators through the re-imaging lenses and into the core of output fiber, which is illustrated in Fig. 8.
  • the re-imaging lens system is generally telecentric in image space to effectively couple into the numerical aperture of the optical fiber.
  • the solid angle over which light emerges from a CPC call it ⁇ e , times its emission area, A e , is substantially equal to the solid angle of collection of the optical fiber core, call it ⁇ c , times its collection area A c .
  • the re-imaging lenses may be replaced with a CPC.
  • the focal length of the optical system is 1.78 mm
  • the semi-field angle of the output of a CPC is 30 degrees
  • the NA of the optical fiber cable is 0.5 thus providing it with a semi-field acceptance angle of 30 also.
  • Constructional or prescription data for a preferred optical system is given in convention form Table 1 of Fig. 8d, where it has been scaled to a focal length of 100 mm. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this constructional data may be rescaled keeping in mind that aberrations do not scale linearly.
  • the quadrant detector 58 is positioned at an angle relative to the scanner mirror 42, but outside of the effective ray bundle (See Figs. 8a- c).
  • a collimated light source (not shown) is positioned at an equal, but opposite angle relative to the mirror 42. As the mirror 42 moves in space, the collimated light from the light source also moves and falls on the quadrant detector in a changed manner. The new position is interpreted by electronics to represent the position of mirror 42. This mirror position signal is then used by well-known scanner controller electronics to control the motion of the mirror 42.
  • the control and LED drive electronics (not shown) as mentioned are contained in housing 21.
  • the mirror control optics are incorporated into the scan mirror system by reflecting off the backside of the mirror 42.
  • the present invention generally comprises a plurality of light sources 12 and a scanner 16. Within the scanner 16, there is an actuator and a scanning element.
  • the light source include, but are not limited to light emitting diodes, laser diodes and/or xenon flash lamps, etc.
  • the actuator include, but are not limited to, a stepping motor, a DC servomotor, a voice coil, a galvanometer, and/or a micro electromechanical device (MEMS), etc.
  • MEMS micro electromechanical device
  • Examples of the scanning element include, but are not limited to, a mirror, a prism, diffraction grating, an acousto optical modulator, a wavelength division multiplexer, dichroic elements, a Fresnel mirror, and/or a Pellicle type mirror, etc. These examples are illustrated in Figure 9 which also provides a tree arrangement illustrating various possibilities by which the foregoing elements may be beneficially combined to practice the invention.
  • FIG 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention where it is designated generally as a system 100.
  • System 100 uses a single axis scanning actuator (DC servomotor with encoder) 108 and a prism 106 and holder therefor as a scanning element.
  • the light sources are LED die 102 arranged radially around the center of rotation, facing radially inward or perpendicular to the system optical axis or path.
  • Each LED 102 has a concentrating optical component 103 and a collimating lens 104 that directs collimated light to the prism 106, which reflects the light into focusing lenses 110.
  • the focusing lenses 110 focus the light into the core of an output optical fiber 112.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention designated here as a system 120.
  • multiple light sources 122 and 124 similar to those in the system shown in Fig. 10, are arranged so that collimated light beams 126 and 128, respectively, are directed into an acousto-optic modulator or AOM 130.
  • AOM 130 which may be KDP or lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) ,is modulated in a well-known manner so that it directs the light from each light source into a focusing lens 134 and subsequently into an output element 136, which can be a fiber as before. It may be possible to arrange two AOM units at 90 degrees orientation and collect light from a 2-dimensional arrangement of light sources.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention where it is designated generally as a system 140.
  • system 140 is similar to system 100 as illustrated in Figure 10. However, it differs by the addition of a stationary mirror 148, preferably torroidal in form, and surrounding the optical axis of system 140.
  • the use of stationary mirror 148 allows the overall system package to be smaller.
  • a collimated light beam 146 exits a light source assembly 142 or 144, each of which consist of some light source with lenses to collimate the light.
  • This collimated ray bundle 146 reflects off of the stationary mirror 148, then off of a rotating mirror 150 and into an output optical fiber system 156.
  • This output system 156 consists of lenses that refocus the light into the optical fiber for output.
  • a rotational servo 152 connects to mirror 150 via a shaft 154 to selectively control the position of mirror 150 in concert with the timing and duty cycle of sources 142 and 144.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present of invention, designated generally as a system 160 that uses optically dispersive elements to couple multiple wavelengths of light into a single source.
  • System 160 illustrated in Fig. 13 is a variation of system 140 illustrated in Fig. 12, only each light source is replaced by a group of multiple light sources 162 and 164, and the rotating mirror is replaced by a rotating diffraction grating 168. These multiple groups of light sources are placed radially around the axis of rotation.
  • Each light source 162 and 164 is of a different wavelength to provide a multiplicity of output beams 164, each of different spectral content or color.
  • the light from each source 162 travels in a diverging ray bundle from the source, reflects off of a stationary mirror 166, substantially with 100 percent reflection, then reflects off of a diffraction grating 168.
  • the diffraction grating 168 serves to collimate the light and reflect it toward an output optical fiber system 172, approximately matching the NA of the fiber in the process.
  • the light is then focused down into an output fiber forming part of optical fiber system 172.
  • all of the light sources within each group are on simultaneously on.
  • all of the light sources within each group are pulsed, and/or separately turned on.
  • a multiple wavelength system is configured such that colors are combined to form any mixture of these chosen wavelengths. For example, the mixture could form a white light source.
  • a single wavelength system 210 includes a phosphor-filled epoxy layer 214 placed over the face of an LED 212 to form a white light source, as illustrated in Fig. 15.
  • a heat sink-header 216 is provided for cooling purposes and a CPC 218 serves to collect and redirect the light emitted by the exit facet of the LED 212.
  • the light source 210 illustrated in Fig. 15 creates a scanning white light system. Based on the teachings of the invention, other changes to the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and such changes are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Abstract

Ce système de sources lumineuses de balayage combine les sorties de plusieurs sources lumineuses impulsées séquentiellement et séparées dans l'espace de sorte qu'elles se déplacent rapidement et successivement le long d'une ou de plusieurs voies de diffusion communes de façon à produire une ou plusieurs sorties collectives. En comparaison, ces sorties collectives sont supérieures à celles d'éventuelles sources lumineuses fonctionnant individuellement.
PCT/US2003/019707 2002-06-26 2003-06-23 Systeme de sources lumineuses de balayage WO2004003971A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004517738A JP2005536835A (ja) 2002-06-26 2003-06-23 高輝度照射システム
EP03761983A EP1532662A2 (fr) 2002-06-26 2003-06-23 Systeme de sources lumineuses de balayage

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39184102P 2002-06-26 2002-06-26
US60/391,841 2002-06-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004003971A2 true WO2004003971A2 (fr) 2004-01-08
WO2004003971A3 WO2004003971A3 (fr) 2004-11-11

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US (1) US6856436B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1532662A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005536835A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004003971A2 (fr)

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WO2004003971A3 (fr) 2004-11-11
US6856436B2 (en) 2005-02-15

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