WO2004001446A1 - Antenne millimetrique cylindrique pour radar de type sar rotatif - Google Patents
Antenne millimetrique cylindrique pour radar de type sar rotatif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004001446A1 WO2004001446A1 PCT/EP2003/050248 EP0350248W WO2004001446A1 WO 2004001446 A1 WO2004001446 A1 WO 2004001446A1 EP 0350248 W EP0350248 W EP 0350248W WO 2004001446 A1 WO2004001446 A1 WO 2004001446A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- illuminator
- antenna
- cylinder
- radar
- antenna according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
- H01Q21/0056—Conically or cylindrically arrayed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
- G01S2013/916—Airport surface monitoring [ASDE]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna, in particular a millimeter antenna.
- the invention applies in particular to the detection of objects in a given field. As such, it applies for example to the surveillance of airports.
- the invention also relates to a radar equipped with an antenna, for example a surveillance radar.
- a first type of monitoring is responsible for the condition of the landing and take-off runways.
- airport management companies must ensure that there are no objects on the runways that could damage the aircraft.
- Another type of surveillance involves the presence of unauthorized individuals on the runways and around parked aircraft, especially at night.
- Radars are well suited to this type of surveillance since they are operational in all weathers as well as at night.
- An object of the invention is to allow the realization of an antenna at low cost and high reliability, in particular for surveillance radar applications.
- the subject of the invention is an antenna comprising a metal cylinder with a helical radiating opening and an illuminator placed inside the cylinder and extending along the axis of the latter, the cylinder and the illuminator having a relative rotational movement.
- the illuminator remains fixed.
- the illuminator is for example composed of guides with radiating slits.
- the invention also relates to a radar equipped with such an antenna.
- the radar advantageously applies SAR type processing by exploiting the displacement of the phase center of the antenna radiation.
- FIG. 6 a pictorial representation of an antenna according to the invention by a conventional moving antenna
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
- This antenna comprises a metal cylinder 1 having a helical radiating opening 2. That is to say, this opening is delimited by two propellers 3, 4 of the same pitch and offset by a distance d. The two propellers travel, for example, over the entire length of the cylinder.
- the antenna also includes an illuminator 5 arranged inside the cylinder extending along the axis 10 of the cylinder.
- the illuminator 5 can be offset relative to the axis 10 of the cylinder due in particular to a distance constraint between the radiating face of the illuminator and the metal part of the cylinder 1.
- the cylinder 1 and the illuminator 5 have a movement of relative rotation with respect to the axis 10 of the cylinder.
- the illuminator is fixed and the cylinder rotates about its axis 10.
- the cylinder with radiant opening 1 can be produced in different ways.
- this cylinder 1 is for example composed of a cylinder of dielectric material of substantially constant thickness covered with a metallic layer except between the propellers 3, 4 delimiting the radiation opening.
- a process for producing the radiating opening cylinder 1 may then include a step of producing a cylinder of dielectric material, a step of covering this cylinder with a metal layer and then a step of demetallization between the lines 3, 4 delimiting the radiation opening.
- FIG. 2 shows by a transverse view, in a plane perpendicular to the axis 10 of the cylinder, how the illuminator 5 is placed with respect to the cylinder 1.
- the face of the illuminator is for example shaped so that all of its radiating points are substantially at a distance ⁇ / 2 from the metallized wall of the cylinder, ⁇ being the operating wavelength.
- a convergence lens 21 is for example placed in the radiation field of the antenna, more particularly of the illuminator 5, so as to refocus the radiation in the plane of the view of FIG. 2, which is for example the plane of site.
- the defocusing of the radiation is notably due to the fact that the radiating opening 2 is angularly offset relative to this plane, due to the helical shape of this opening.
- the illuminator occupies for example a length less than or equal to the length L of the cylinder and an angular portion ⁇ of this cylinder. At the limit, the angle ⁇ can be equal to 2 ⁇ .
- the illuminator 5 is for example composed of a network of slotted guides.
- Each slot guide is for example a guide in progressive mode, closed on a microwave load, the radiation slots being all identical.
- the guides are powered by a microwave source.
- the width of the illuminator 5, that is to say for example the number of guides in parallel depends on the width of the desired antenna pattern.
- the diameter of the cylinder 1 depends on the width of the illuminator.
- the illuminator is for example extended on each side by metal plates 6 to avoid side effects. These plates, like the illuminator, closely match the shape of the cylinder.
- the illuminator can operate in cross polarizations. For this purpose, a series of slot guides operate according to a polarization and the other series of slot guides operate according to perpendicular polarization, the guides with direct and perpendicular polarization being for example interposed.
- the illuminator 5 being fixed, it is then not necessary to provide a rotating joint between the latter and the arrival guides of the microwave waves.
- the invention thus avoids the use of a microwave rotating joint. This advantageously results in savings and improved operating reliability.
- the network of slotted guides is for example fixed on an internal cylinder 31, concentric with the metal cylinder with radiating opening 1.
- the two cylinders 1, 31 have a relative rotational movement.
- the cylinder 31 which supports the radius of slot guides remains fixed.
- the outer cylinder 1 is rotated by a motor.
- the low inertia of this cylinder 1 allows the use of a fast motor which can reach, for example, around 10,000 revolutions per minute.
- FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate the operation of an antenna according to the invention.
- the parts of the illuminator 5, for example the slots, which face the metallized wall of the cylinder 1 do not radiate, due to the distance ⁇ / 2 which creates a microwave short circuit.
- the parts of the illuminator which are opposite the opening 2 participate in the radiation of the antenna.
- this opening is presented as several openings or a global opening interspersed with the metallized part of the cylinder 1.
- Figure 4c illustrates the antenna beam associated with the position of Figure 4a with its phase center 43 located at the level of the illuminator 5.
- the beam 41 here represents the angular coverage of the antenna.
- Figure 4b illustrates the same elements as those of Figure 4a, but at a time following to + ⁇ t. In the plane of the figure, the opening is then offset by a distance ⁇ as a result of the rotation of the cylinder 1 and the helical shape of its radiating opening 2.
- the antenna beam 42 corresponding to the position of cylinder 1 of figure 4b is represented with its center of phase 44 which has shifted by a distance ⁇ .
- radars with synthetic antennas are radars whose antenna is oriented perpendicular to the carrier's route. It is the carrier of the radar, and more particularly of the antenna, which in its movement generates the observation of space.
- the displacement of the carrier is simulated by the displacement of the phase center.
- the two dimensions of the radar image are defined by the direction of propagation and the movement of the carrier. The spatial resolution, which conditions the fineness of the image observed, is therefore obtained:
- the phase center moves between a position x 0 - ⁇ Ma ⁇ / 2 and xo + ⁇ Ma ⁇ / 2.
- the amplitude of the displacement ⁇ a ⁇ depends on the pitch of the propellers 3, 4 forming the radiating opening.
- FIG. 4c therefore shows the displacement of the phase center.
- this movement is made in a deposit, which is particularly suitable for a monitoring application.
- FIG. 4c only presents the illuminator 5 and the beam 41, the cylinder with radiating opening 1 being shown in dotted lines for the record.
- the beam is therefore displaced as a function of the rotation of the radiating opening 2 around the illuminator, which in fact corresponds to the sliding of the radiating opening along this illuminator according to the amplitude ⁇ 3X -
- the width of the beam 41, 42 is a function of the width d of the radiating opening, this width being in fact the distance between the two helices defining this opening.
- the width d of the radiating opening 2 is then equal to 0.1 ⁇ . For an operating frequency of 75 GHz for example, ⁇ is then equal to 4 mm, and therefore the width of the radiating opening equal to 4 cm.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the antenna lobe 51 corresponding to the radiation from the illuminator interspersed with the metallized masking zones.
- the angle at 3dB of this beam is equal to ⁇ / L, where L is the total length of the illuminator.
- L is the total length of the illuminator.
- FIG. 6 pictorially synthesizes Figures 4c and 5 showing that an antenna according to the invention produces radiation similar to that of a conventional antenna 61 which would move along the axis 49 of the illuminator , in both directions, in a maximum amplitude ⁇ a x-
- This conventional antenna 61 has an antenna lobe 51 similar to that of the antenna according to the invention, this lobe having a rotational movement around the phase center of the conventional antenna.
- the speed of movement of the phase center as a function of the speed of rotation of the cylinder 1 with radiating opening, can be very high. We have seen previously that due to the low inertia of cylinder 1, this speed of rotation could be very high.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a possible example of supply of the illuminator 5, the latter being for example composed of guides with radiating slots.
- This microwave power supply is produced by a geodesic lens 71.
- the lens 71 is connected to a waveguide, not shown, which supplies it with the microwave wave to be emitted.
- This guide is connected via microwave circulators to transmission means.
- the lens is connected to reception means.
- the lens remains fixed insofar as it is the cylinder 1 with radiating opening, not shown in FIG. 7, which is driven by a rotational movement.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example of application of a radar according to the invention for the surveillance of a given area 90.
- a radar according to the invention comprises an antenna as described above, in particular for surveillance.
- FIG. 8 presents, by way of example, the monitoring of a runway 90.
- the radar 81 is therefore equipped with an antenna according to the invention, symbolized here by its cylinder 1 with radiating opening. Apart from the antenna, the components of radar 81 can be conventional. Its transmission and reception means are connected to the antenna by a microwave link 82 via, for example, a geodesic lens as described above.
- the track is for example that described above, having a length of the order of 1000 meters and a width of 100 meters.
- the antenna 1 is for example placed at the end of the runway, substantially centered on the center line. Its lobe 51 sweeps the track.
- the radar transmission frequency f is for example modulated according to a linear ramp between a frequency fi and a frequency f 2 .
- ⁇ f is for example defined so that a distance box is equal to 10 meters.
- the length of the antenna is defined so that the width of the lobe 51 to 3dB corresponds to a resolution width of 10 meters, taking into account the transmission frequency.
- a resolution area 83 is then substantially a square of 10 meters x 10 meters.
- each square meter of the resolution area 83 re-emits the transmitted power with an attenuation of -30dB, corresponding to clutter.
- the cell then returns globally, in the absence of an object, a power of -30dB + 20dB, or -10dB. If we consider an object having a radar equivalent surface of the order of one square meter on the runway, for example a large bolt, we can obtain a contrast of 10dB, which is sufficient for detection.
- the radar processing means 81 then advantageously apply SAR type processing by exploiting the displacement of the phase center of the antenna radiation along the axis of the illuminator. Each time the antenna is scanned, a radar image of the track is memorized by the processing means.
- the presence of an unwanted target on the runway, object or individual then results in an anomaly in the image.
- This anomaly detection is done by analysis of the successive radar images obtained. In particular, if the radar detects an anomaly during a scan, it generates, for example, an alert.
- the invention has been described by way of example for an airport surveillance application.
- An antenna or a radar according to the invention can obviously be used in other fields, in particular in fields where it may be advantageous to use radar processing of the SAR type. It can in particular be used for control on motorways.
- the radar images are not disturbed by atmospheric or climatic conditions. In rainy weather, the circular polarization of the illuminator can then be advantageously used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003266406A AU2003266406A1 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2003-06-20 | Cylindrical millimetric rotary antenna for synthetic aperture radar |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0207875 | 2002-06-25 | ||
FR0207875A FR2841387B1 (fr) | 2002-06-25 | 2002-06-25 | Antenne, notamment millimetrique et radar equipe d'une telle antenne |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004001446A1 true WO2004001446A1 (fr) | 2003-12-31 |
Family
ID=29720037
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/050248 WO2004001446A1 (fr) | 2002-06-25 | 2003-06-20 | Antenne millimetrique cylindrique pour radar de type sar rotatif |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003266406A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2841387B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004001446A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006039896A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-20 | Adc Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh | Dispositif antenne de radar |
US7842377B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2010-11-30 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Porous polymeric particle comprising polyvinyl alcohol and having interior to surface porosity-gradient |
Families Citing this family (126)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10306922B4 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2006-04-13 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Flughafengeländes |
FR2923611B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-13 | 2012-02-03 | Claude Chekroun | Dispositif de detection d'objets,notamment d'objets dangereux |
FR2942884B1 (fr) | 2009-03-09 | 2011-04-01 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Systeme de radar multistatique de surveillance aeroportuaire |
FR3003959B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-04-10 | Sas Sws | Antenne rotative, scanner utilisant une telle antenne, et dispositif de controle de personnes |
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US8847835B2 (en) | 2004-10-11 | 2014-09-30 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Radar antenna arrangement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003266406A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
FR2841387B1 (fr) | 2006-04-28 |
FR2841387A1 (fr) | 2003-12-26 |
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