APPARATUS FOR MEASURING CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES
The invention relates to an apparatus for measuring cylindrical articles, especially the shape and shape errors of rolls of papermaking machines, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
In patent publication FI 94908, a prior-art technique in the field of the invention is disclosed. From this publication, an apparatus for measuring rotating articles is known, the apparatus comprising a frame having three sensors mounted therein, the sensors being directed such that the measured straight lines passing through them intersect each other in the rotation axis of a rotating article. In this way, the sensors measure the shape of the surface of an article in a direction of the rotation radius of the article that is passing from the middle axis to the sensor. The first one of the sensors is fixedly mounted on the frame, and the second and third ones are mounted on the frame to be movable by a linear movement in direc- tions that deviate from the directions of the rotation radiuses passing from the middle axis to the sensors in such a manner that the sensors are movable, with no changes occurring in the angles between them, into positions in which the measured radiuses of the movable sensors intersect each other at the same point, on a measured radius of a fixed sensor, when measuring articles having different diameters.
By means of the apparatus referred to above it is possible to accurately measure the shapes and shape errors of rotating articles. It has, however, the disadvantage that using it, the diameters and differences in diameters of rotating articles cannot be measured accurately enough. These problems, in turn, are avoided in the four-point measuring arc of RollRe- search Oy, in which a rigid measuring arc is provided with three sensors, and the fourth sensor is disposed in the frame of the apparatus at a distance of 180°
from one sensor, exactly on the opposite side of an article being measured, and the other two e.g. at a distance of 90° and 45° from the first sensor. Each sensor has relatively long, radial movements such that the same rigid arc can be used to measure rotating articles having different diameters in a relatively large area. The disadvantage of this structure is the big arc size in order that all the articles coming into question and having different diameters can be measured. A big arc and sensors extending far off from it require much space especially when the arc is lifted on top of an article to be measured and away from it. In the same way, when measuring, the sensors, their supporting structures and their cablings extend onto a wide arc. Furthermore, the relatively long paths of motion of the sensors in the direction of the radius of an article being measured reduce the measuring accuracy, although it is exactly the improvement of the measuring accuracy that is one of the most big- gest needs and challenges of the field in the near future .
The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages referred to above. One specific objective of the invention is to disclose an improved apparatus for measuring cylindrical articles, using which apparatus the versatility of the measuring is increased, the measuring accuracy is improved, the need for space required by the apparatus is reduced and the manageability of the apparatus is facilitated. As for the features characteristic of the invention, reference is made to them in the claims.
The apparatus in accordance with invention for measuring the shape and/or shape errors of cylindrical articles comprises a measuring frame, a first fixed sensor supported on the measuring frame; in the measuring frame a first linear guide bar and a second sensor movably supported on it; as well as in the
measuring frame, a second linear guide bar deviating from the direction of the first linear guide bar, and a third sensor movably supported on it. The sensors are directed such that the measured straight lines passing through them, such as measured radiuses, intersect each other in the rotation axis of a cylindrical article being measured. According to the invention, the apparatus includes a fourth sensor disposed on the opposite side of an article being measured with respect to the first sensor; in the measuring frame, a third linear guide bar deviating from the directions of the first and second linear guide bars, as well as in the third linear guide bar a sliding support, on which a sensor support of the fourth sensor is pivoted such that the fourth sensor is turnable, by turning the sensor support, at a distance from the surface of an article being measured. Since the fourth sensor is arranged on the opposite side of a cylindrical article being measured, the measured straight lines of the first and fourth sensor are parallel. Thus, the measured straight lines of all the four sensors intersect in the rotation axis of an article being measured, the sensors being disposed in the same plane. If the sensors are disposed at a distance from each other, in the direction of the rotation axis of an article, then all the measured straight lines intersect at the aforementioned distances of the rotation axis.
Preferably, the sensor support of the fourth sensor includes an articulated shaft which allows a turning area of about 90° for turning the sensor support and the fourth sensor substantially above an article being measured, i.e. away from the back of the article such that the apparatus can be taken off from around the article with no lifting movement of the ap- paratus. Preferably, the sensor support is a rigid arc of 90°.
Preferably, the third linear guide bar is connected to the upper part of the measuring frame substantially on top of an article being measured. In that case, preferably., the third linear guide bar is parallel to the direction passing through the first and fourth sensor as well as through the rotation axis of an article being measured. So when moving the fourth sensor along the third linear guide bar, the measuring radius of the fourth sensor remains con- stantly in the same line passing through the rotation axis of an article as the measuring radius of the first sensor.
In the measuring frame, as well as in the sensor support and linear guide bars there is inevita- bly some thickness in the direction of the rotation axis of an article, due to structures, so preferably, the sensors are supported on the measuring frame and sensor support with suitable sensor racks. The sensor racks make it possible to install and place the sen- sors relative each other such that they are disposed in the same crosswise plane with respect to the rotation axis of the article.
It is also possible that the sensor rack includes an adjustment for adjusting the sensor's posi- tion in the direction of the rotation axis of an article being measured. In this way, all the four sensors are movable in the rotation axis of an article being measured at a distance from each other, which enables one to measure a spiral-shaped path on the article's surface from its one end to the other.
In one embodiment of the invention, the apparatus includes a bottom and an articulated structure, preferably a vertical-axis type articulated structure, by means of which the measuring frame and thus the en- tire apparatus is turnable from top of an article being measured to its side.
In another embodiment of the invention, the apparatus includes a bottom and a conveyor rail supported on it, or a corresponding linear track along which the measuring frame and thus the entire appara- tus can be moved off of an article being measured.
The apparatus according to the invention has significant advantages over prior art. As a four-point apparatus it also enables highly accurate measurements of diameters and measurements of differences in diame- ters. In spite of this, the same equipment is suitable for every diameter dimension coming into question without additional parts or additional installations. In the same way, the equipment can be simply turned and moved off of a roll being measured and placed on top of it. Furthermore, the need for space required by the apparatus is negligible both in the measuring position and when turned aside from the measuring position.
In the following, the invention will be de- scribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows an oblique top view of the apparatus in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 2 shows the apparatus of Fig. 1 as seen from a first end of a roll being measured, and
Fig. 3 shows the apparatus of Fig. 3 as seen from a second end of a roll being measured.
The measuring apparatus of cylindrical articles in accordance with the invention and as shown in the drawings includes a bottom 15, supported on which, by means of an articulated structure 16, is an upward and sideward bending measuring frame 1. The bottom also includes roll supports 17, on which an article 8, such as a roll of a papermaking machine, is supported and arranged to be rotatable about its rotation axis 7 by means of a suitable power unit. Furthermore, ar-
ranged in the bottom is a suitable control and measuring automatism 18.
The measuring frame 1 extends in the measuring position above the roll 8 and to the other side. In the measuring frame there is a first fixed sensor 1, which is disposed against the surface of the roll at the level of the axis 7 of the roll and the measuring direction or measuring radius of which points to the axis 7. Attached to the measuring frame 1, to one of its side surfaces, is a first linear guide bar 3, in an inclined position of about 30° from the vertical direction towards the roll 8 above the first sensor. Supported on the first linear guide bar 3, to be slidable and movable along it, is a second sensor 4, which is supported on the surface of the roll at an angle of about 45° from the first sensor 2. In the same way, the measuring direction or measuring radius of the second sensor points to the axis 7. Attached to a second side surface of the measuring frame 1 is a second linear guide bar 5, in an inclined position of about 60° from the vertical direction towards the roll 8 above the second sensor 4. Supported on the second linear guide bar 5, to be slidable and movable along it, is a third sensor 6, which is supported on the surface of the roll at an angle of 90° from the first sensor 2, i.e. is disposed on top of the roll in the middle. In the same way, the measuring direction or measuring radius of the third sensor points to the axis 7.
Attached to the upper part of the measuring frame 1, extending crosswise over the diameter of the roll 8, is a third linear guide bar 10, supported on which is a sliding support 11, movable along it. At- tached to the sliding support 11 is a curved, rigid sensor support 12 to be turnable by means of an articulated shaft 13 parallel to the third linear guide
bar 10. Supported at the lower end, i.e. the extreme end of the sensor support 12 , at the level of the rotation axis 7 of the roll, is a fourth sensor 9, which is supported on the surface of the roll 8 at an angle of 180° from the first sensor 2, i.e. is disposed on the opposite side of the roll from the first sensor 2. In a corresponding manner, the measuring direction or measuring radius of the fourth sensor 9 points to the axis 7. Thus, the first sensor 2 and the fourth sensor 9 being disposed exactly on the opposite sides of the roll, the roll diameter can be accurately defined by means of them.
Furthermore, in supporting the second sensor 4, third sensor 6 and fourth sensor 9, sensor racks 14 having a length parallel to the axis of the roll 8 have been used. By means of the sensor racks 14, one has managed to install all three sensors in the same crosswise plane with respect to the rotation axis of a roll being measured in spite of their supporting points in the measuring frame 1. It is also possible that there is an adjustment in the sensor racks 14 that allows a movement parallel to the rotation axis 7 of the sensors so that in measuring, the sensors are made to move along the same spiral -shaped track on the roll's surface.
As sensors in the apparatus, sensors not touching the roll can be used.
The sensors 4, 6 and 9 can be moved by conveyor means known per se very accurately along their linear guide bars into a position each time suitable. These conveyor means are not shown in the drawings, and they are not discussed more fully herein.
Prior to starting the measurement, the second and third sensor to be moved along the linear guide bars are moved into a position required by the diameter of the roll 8 being measured. The first sensor 2 is fixedly disposed in the measuring frame 1, and the
fourth sensor 9 is disposed in the sensor support 12, which by means of the articulated shaft 13, is turned 90° upward in the horizontal plane. In this position, the measuring frame 1 can be turned by means of the articulated structure 16 on top of the roll 8, the first, second and third sensor coming into contact, or nearly into contact with the roll's surface.
After this, the sliding support 11 can be run near the extreme end of the third linear guide bar 10, wherein the sensor support 12 is turned perpendicularly downward. In this way, with a backwards directed movement of the sliding support, the fourth sensor 9 is run into a position required by the roll diameter on the roll's surface or near it. Another possibility is that the sliding support 11 is run into a position required by the roll's surface, with the sensor support 12 turned upward, and in this correct position, the sensor support 12 is turned downward, the fourth sensor 9 thus achieving the plane of the axis of the roll 8 exactly on the opposite side of the first sensor 2 from the roll.
Thanks to the three linear guide bars and one turnable sensor support, the use of the measuring apparatus is simple and easy for all rolls of different sizes possibly coming into question and their corresponding cylindrical articles. The apparatus requires only a little space, and it can be very easily turned and lifted off of even very big rolls.
The measurements to be performed using the apparatus are known per se and obvious to a person skilled in the art, so they are not described more fully herein.
The invention is not limited to the examples of its embodiments referred to above, instead many variations are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined in the claims.