ROCESS FOR REMOVING A COLOURED FOOD STAIN FROM PLASTIC
The present invention relates to a process of removing coloured food stains from plastic by treating the plastic a composition comprising 3-phenyl-2-propenal and/or 3,7- dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al.
The technology of cleaning tableware and leaving it in a sanitary, essentially spotless, residue-free state is a body of art recognised as quite distinct from other cleaning product art and the processes used therein can be classified in two main groups: manual dish cleaning processes where the consumer uses a cleaning product either neat or in diluted form and manually rubs tableware with the help of a rubbing device such as a sponge, a brush or a scouring pad followed by a rinsing step; and so-called automatic dishwashing processes where tableware is treated with cleaning products and auxiliary products such as rinse aids in a specially designed appliance (the dishwasher) whereby the task of manually rubbing is replaced by the mechanical action of circulating water within the appliance.
Automatic dishwashing processes have become well accepted by consumers as they save personal effort in the process of cleaning tableware. Automatic dishwashing detergents (ADD) used for washing tableware (i.e. glassware, cliina, silverware, pots and pans, plasticware, etc.) in the home or institutionally in machines especially designed for the purpose have long been known. The particular requirements of cleaning tableware and leaving it in a sanitary, essentially spotless, residue-free state has resulted in so many particular ADD compositions that the body of art pertaining thereto is now recognised as quite distinct from other cleaning product art.
There are however some areas where automatic dish-cleaning products still fail to deliver the perfect results that the users of such products have come to expect from them. One such area is the removal of cooked-, baked-, and burnt-on food residues.
As a possible solution to improve the cleaning results on cooked-, baked-, and burnt-on food residues it has been proposed to treat the tableware with special compositions in a separate step before it is actually cleaned in an automatic dishwashing process. One example of such a pre-treating composition is described in US 5,102,573.
There is still another area where automatic dishwashing processes fail to deliver a completely satisfactory result. This area is namely the cleaning of plastic, which have been stained by following contact with food. In effect, it has been observed that some coloured foods following prolonged contact with plastic can stain these surfaces. These stains are very stubborn and cannot be completely removed with conventional ADD products. Examples of plastics, which get stained by coloured food, are plastic containers for food (i.e. Tupperware® items), plastic dishes, plastic cooking implements (such as spatulas, spoons, sieves and colanders) and plastic elements of the dishwasher machine.
It has surprisingly been observed by the experts in the field that, although the food responsible for the staining are normally bleached effectively by strong oxidants in solution (i.e. sodium hypochlorite bleaches), once they have caused a stain in the plastic the stain is no longer bleachable with such oxidants.
Some solutions have been proposed in the art to improve the removal of food coloured stains from plastic in dishwashing machines. These solutions are based on the use of very strong oxidants. One example of such an oxidant is described in PCT application number 95/19132 Al where it is proposed to use diacyl or tefraacyl peroxides as bleaching species to enhance the removal of bleachable food soils from plastic substrates.
This solution presents however a number of drawbacks. One of the major drawbacks when using not only diacyl or tefraacyl peroxides but also other strong oxidants is the limited compatibility of these ingredients with bleach sensitive ingredients which are desirable in ADD formulations (i.e. enzymes, perfumes, etc.). As a consequence it is normally necessary to take special measures to assure the stability of the formulation comprising both the strong oxidants and the bleach sensitive ingredients. Examples of such measures are the segregation of the incompatible ingredients in different phases of the formulations (i.e. in different regions of a tablet), coating one of the ingredients or maintaining it in an isolated state (i.e. by insolubilisation in a liquid matrix) to reduce its interaction with the rest of the formulation.
Another drawback of using diacyl or tefraacyl peroxides (and also other strong oxidants) is their lack of stability at high temperatures, for which reason it has been proposed in WO 93/07086 that they are used in the form of their clathrates with urea or that they are formulated by forming particles with a stabilizing additive (EP 0 796 317 Bl).
Still another drawback of diacyl peroxides is in that when used in dishwashing processes at their conventional granulometry of 400 to 700 microns, a problem of residue formation occurs as reported by EP 0 821 722 Bl. According to this document the alternative of using diacyl peroxides of smaller particles size will generate segregation problems when incorporated into granular detergent compositions.
Due to the above mention difficulties an unmet need remains to find alternative solutions to improve the removal of coloured food stains from plastic.
The inventors have now surprisingly found that the above-mentioned objectives can be achieved when stained plastic is treated with compositions comprising 3-phenyl-2- propenal, and/or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al in any of their isomeric forms.
According to one aspect of the present invention we present a process for removing a coloured food stain from plastic comprising the steps of : a) contacting the substrate with a composition comprising 3-phenyl-2-propenal, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al in any of their isomeric forms, and b) removing the composition from the plastic.
Isomeric forms include the trans or cis foms, or a mixture thereof.
It has also been observed that although 3-phenyl-2-propenal and/or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6- octadien-1-al are in themselves able to deliver good performance in the removal of coloured stain from plastic substrates, the. addition of an aldehyde or a ketone having a hydrogen in the α-position increases their performance. Preferably the aldehyde/ketone has the formula C 1 -4alkyl-(C=O)-R, wherein R is H or C 1 -4alkyl.
According to a further aspect of the invention we presents an aqueous composition comprising: a) 3-phenyl-2-propehal and/or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al in any of their isomeric forms; and b) an aldehyde or ketone having a hydrogen in the α-position.
Where an aldehyde or a ketone with hydrogen in their α-position is incorporated into the compositions of the present inventions it has been found to be desirable, in order to enhance the performance of the compositions, to adjust the pH in the alkaline range, namely between pH 8 and 11.
In the absence of an aldehyde or a ketone with hydrogen in the α-position the compositions have been found to work optimally when their pH is set in the range of 2 to 6.
In general it is possible to use any alkaline or acidic materials conventionally used in dishwashing detergents to adjust the pH of the compositions to the desired values. Examples of such alkaline materials are alkaline hydroxides, alkanolamines, carbonates, and phosphates. Examples of acidic materials are hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, phosphoric acid and citric acid.
In addition to the ingredients already described above the compositions of the present invention may also advantageously comprise a surfactant to emulsify 3-phenyl-2- propenal and/or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al in the aqueous formulation. Although any surfactant able to provide a stable emulsion is suitable, it is preferred to use non- ionic surfactants with good emulsification behaviour such as those having an HLB (hydrophyllic-lypophyllic balance) comprised in the range from 8 to 18. It is also preferred that the surfactant is a low-foaming surfactant.
According to a further feature we present an aqueous composition comprising: a) at least 0,5% of 3-phenyl-2-propenal and/or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-al in any of their isomeric forms; and b) an amount of surfactant sufficient to emulsify component (a).
Additionally it is contemplated that the composition of the present invention, which is essentially intended to remove stains from plastic, can nevertheless provide additional benefits such as softening of dried-on or burnt-on food. To this effect it is foreseen that the composition may contain other ingredients selected from the group comprising builders, solvents, enzymes and other conventional ingredients of normal, use in dishwashing compositions.
It has been observed that most plastic articles used as kitchenware are susceptible of being stained by coloured foods. Particular types of plastic frequently encountered in dishwashing processes are polypropylene and polyethylene. Particularly preferred plastics for treatment in accordance with this invention are those that are clear and uncoloured.
Although it has been observed that different types of food stains are susceptible of being at least partially removed from plastic by the process and the composition of the present invention, stains which are originated from foods derived from or comprising tomato are particularly well suited to be treated in accordance with this invention. Examples of such foods are; tomato sauce, ragu, ketchup and spaghetti sauce
Method of evaluation of coloured food stain removal:
A method for the evaluation of coloured food stain removal from plastic has been developed and is used to evaluate the results obtained with the process and compositions of the present invention and to compare them with the results obtained with conventional dishwashing processes.
The evaluation method consist in the following steps:
• Preparation of stained articles
• Treatment of the stained articles using the process of the invention
• Colorimetric assessment of the degree of stain removal.
Preparation of standard soiled plastic articles:
Commercially available plastic containers made of isotactic polypropylene, as offered in the US market by Curver-Rubbermaid®, where washed twice in a Bosch SGS5602 machine with water of 2° of German hardness at 55 °C using a Calgonit Powerball® tablet dishwashing detergent.
The reflectance (Ro) of the washed containers was measured with a spectrophotorheter (Mahlo® color guide 45/0).
The same containers were subsequently washed twice in the same dishwasher and under identical conditions but replacing the detergent by 50 g. of Ketchup (Rantomato®) and the reflectance of the soiled containers (R-) was measured again with the same apparatus.
Method of soil removal using a pretreater:
To a plastic container stained as explained above, which was standing in up-right position, 50 ml of a pretreater composition were added and the container was placed in a dark environment for 10 minutes. The container was then emptied and rinse with tap water having a temperature of 20°C and a water hardness of 18° German hardness during 1 minute. The container was subsequently dried in an oven at 50°C during 20 minutes and then the reflectance (Rf) of the base of the container was determined using a spectrophotometer (Mahlo® color guide 45/0).
The parameter TSRI (tomato soil removal index) was calculated using the following formula:
TSRI= R° ?^ *100 Ro-Ri
Obviously a perfect stain removal is characterised by a treated article having a reflectance as high as that of the unstained original article and thus a TSRI of 100. An article were no stain removal would have been achieved would show a reflectance identical to that of the soiled container and thus a TSRI of 0.
Examples:
Comparative example 1:
Containers, which had been stained with tomato, as described above were washed in a dishwasher (GE Quiet Power 3 ®) using 45 g of Electrasol® (a dishwashing detergent with a level of 0,6% sodium hypochlorite) for the prewash cycle and 60 g of Electrasol® for the main wash cycle. Both the prewash and the main wash cycle were run with water at 55°C.
The TSRI was determined as explained above but without performing the step of treating the articles with the pretrater and it a value of 15 was obtained.
Examples 2 to 5: