WO2003092118A1 - Antennes dipoles magnetiques a charge capacitive discretes, multibandes, multifrequences - Google Patents

Antennes dipoles magnetiques a charge capacitive discretes, multibandes, multifrequences Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003092118A1
WO2003092118A1 PCT/US2003/012725 US0312725W WO03092118A1 WO 2003092118 A1 WO2003092118 A1 WO 2003092118A1 US 0312725 W US0312725 W US 0312725W WO 03092118 A1 WO03092118 A1 WO 03092118A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
elements
plate
frequency band
components
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/012725
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeff Shamblin
Laurent Desclos
Gregory Poilasne
Sebastion Rowson
Vaneet Pathak
Original Assignee
Ethertronics, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/133,717 external-priority patent/US6943730B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/160,811 external-priority patent/US6744410B2/en
Priority claimed from US10/293,465 external-priority patent/US6717551B1/en
Application filed by Ethertronics, Inc. filed Critical Ethertronics, Inc.
Priority to KR10-2004-7017228A priority Critical patent/KR20050007464A/ko
Priority to KR1020117007589A priority patent/KR101152502B1/ko
Priority to AU2003223717A priority patent/AU2003223717A1/en
Publication of WO2003092118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003092118A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and particularly to multi-band antennas used in wireless communications.
  • a magnetic dipole antenna is a loop antenna that radiates electromagnetic waves in response to current circulating through the loop.
  • the antenna element of an MDA is designed so that it resonates at the frequency required by the ultimate application for which the antenna is intended.
  • the antenna's resonant frequency is dependent on the capacitive and inductive properties of the antenna elements, which in turn are controlled by various dimensions of the antenna elements.
  • an adjunct piece of hardware like a duplexer or filter can be used.
  • the subject of the present invention obviates the need for an adjunct duplexer or filter through an integrated filter. These filters can be either in-line or attached directly to the antenna element.
  • the present invention addresses the requirements of certain wireless communications applications by providing configurations for low profile, multi-frequency, multi-band, capacitively loaded magnetic dipole (CLMDs) antennas.
  • CLMDs capacitively loaded magnetic dipole
  • the present invention discloses a myriad physical arrangements of multiple antenna elements configured to cover one to n number of frequencies or bands of frequencies.
  • the antenna elements include both inductive and capacitive parts.
  • Each element can provide a single frequency or band of frequency.
  • the physical design of each element can vary, but the design allows for multiple frequencies by using a plurality of antenna elements to provide a multi-frequency antenna.
  • the arrangement of a plurality of antenna elements allows the frequency coverage of the antenna to be enlarged.
  • the antenna elements can be cut, folded, and/or arranged to meet both the frequency and space requirements of a specific application.
  • a single element has two top plates and a bottom plate.
  • a single element has one u-shaped top plate and one bottom plate.
  • each antenna element comprises three arms arranged to produce multiple frequency bands.
  • each antenna element comprises one u-shaped top plate and one bottom plate.
  • Each element produces a specific frequency or band of frequencies based on its relative size and shape. Different physical configurations can be considered to adapt the antenna and its elements to the physical environment specific to a particular application.
  • the antenna elements can be place done next to the other.
  • the antenna elements can be stacked, one on top of another.
  • the elements can be inserted one inside the other.
  • Multiple elements of relatively the same size can be arranged in various fashions such that the frequency bands produced by each element combine to enlarge each frequency band produced by each element.
  • the multiple elements can be of varying sizes to increase the number of frequency bands produced by the antenna.
  • the ground and feed points of the antenna can be arranged in various fashions to meet the needs of a specific antenna application.
  • filters can be added to or incorporated into the antenna elements in a variety of ways for frequency matching or to reject unused frequency bands.
  • the filter is formed by attaching a matching element.
  • the filter is a formed piece of conductive material that is attached to the underside of one arm of the antenna element.
  • the filter can be formed by removing material from the antenna element. All of the various filter embodiments can further be combined in a variety of physical configurations to meet the requirements of a given application.
  • a multi-frequency, multiband, capacitively loaded magnetic dipole (CLMD) antenna can be configured by arranging the multiple elements and/or filter embodiments to both meet the frequency and space requirements of the specific application. Further features and advantages of this invention as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 1 A is perspective view of an antenna which can be used as a component in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure IB is a side view of the antenna component of Figure 1A;
  • Figure 1C is a top view of the antenna component of Figure 1A;
  • Figure 2A is a top view one embodiment of an antenna in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 2B is a top view of one alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 2A;
  • Figure 3 A is a top view of another embodiment of an antenna in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 3B is a frequency graph corresponding to the coverage of the antenna shown in Figure 3A;
  • Figure 4A is a top view of another embodiment of an antenna in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 4B is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 4 A
  • Figure 4C is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 4A
  • Figure 4D is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 4A
  • Figure 5 A is a top- view an alternative embodiment of an antenna in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 5B is a side view of the antenna of Figure 5 A;
  • Figure 5 C is an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 5 A;
  • Figure 5D is a side view of the antenna of Figure 5C;
  • Figure 6A is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna component according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6B is a side view of the CLMD antenna component of Figure 6 A;
  • Figure 6C is a top view of the CLMD antenna component of Figure 6a:
  • Figure 7A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7B is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the CLMD antenna of Figure 7B;
  • Figure 8 A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna according to the present invention.
  • Figures 8B-D are top views of alternative embodiments of the antenna of Figure 8 A;
  • Figure 9A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna component according to the present invention:
  • Figure 9B is a side view of the antenna component of Figure 9A;
  • Figure 9C is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna component of Figure
  • Figure 10A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna component according to the present invention.
  • Figures 1 OB is a side view of the antenna component of Figure 10A;
  • FIGS. IOC and 10D are side views of alternative embodiments of the antenna component of
  • Figure 11 A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna component according to the present invention.
  • FIGS 11B and 11C are top views of alternative embodiments of the antenna component of
  • Figure 12 A is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a CLMD antenna component according to the present invention.
  • FIGS 12B and 12C are top views of alternative embodiments of the antenna component of
  • Figure 12 A is a top view of various antenna components and configures according to the present invention
  • Figures 14A and 14 B are top views of alternative embodiment of CLMD antennas according to the present invention.
  • Figure 15A is a diagram illustrating the top view of an antenna element that includes a filter element in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 15B is a diagram illustrating the antenna element of figure 15A with two filter elements in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 15C is a diagram illustrating the antenna element of figure 15A with three filter elements in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 15D is a diagram illustrating a close up view of the filter element of figure 15 A;
  • Figure 15E is a diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the filter element of figure
  • Figure 15F is a diagram illustrating another alternative embodiment of the filter element of figure 15D.
  • Figure 15G is a diagram illustrating still another alternative embodiment of the filter element of figure 15D.
  • Figure 16 is a plot of the return loss of an exemplary dual-band antenna
  • Figure 17 is a plot of the frequency response of the dual-band antenna of figure 16.
  • Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating the effect of a high pass filter on the frequency response of the dual-band antenna of figure 16;
  • Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating the effect of a low pass filter on the frequency response of the dual-band antenna of figure 16;
  • Figure 20 is a plot of the return loss for a tri-band antenna that incorporates filtering in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 21 A is a diagram illustrating an antenna element comprising an alternative embodiment of a filter element coupled with the antenna element in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 IB is a diagram illustrating the antenna element of figure 8 A coupled with another alternative embodiment of a filter element in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 21 C is a diagram illustrating the antenna element of figure 8 A coupled with still another alternative embodiment of a filter element in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 22A is a diagram illustrating the filter element of figure 21 A coupled with two of the filter elements illustrated in figure 21 A
  • Figure 22B is a diagram also illustrating the filter element of figure 21 A coupled with two of the filter elements illustrated in figure 21 A arranged in a different location relative to the filter elements of figure 22A;
  • Figure 22C is a diagram illustrating the filter element of figure 21 A coupled with two of the filter elements illustrated in figure 2 IB;
  • Figure 22D is a diagram also illustrating the filter element of figure 21 A coupled with two of the filter elements illustrated in figure 2 IB arranged in a different location relative to the filter elements of figure 22C;
  • Figure 23A is a diagram illustrating an antenna element comprising the filter element of figure 15G and coupled with the filter element of figure 21 A;
  • Figure 23B is a diagram illustrating an antenna element comprising the filter element of figure 15G and coupled with the filter element of figure 2 IB;
  • Figure 23 C is a diagram illustrating an antenna element comprising the filter element of figure 15G and coupled with the filter element of figure 21C;
  • Figure 23D is a diagram illustrating an antenna element comprising the filter element of figure 15G and coupled with the filter elements of figures 21B and 21C;
  • Figure 241 A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary single element, multi-band, capacitively loaded antenna
  • Figure 24B is a diagram illustrating another exemplary single element, multi-band, capacitively loaded antenna
  • Figure 24C is a diagram illustrating still another exemplary single element, multi-band, capacitively loaded antenna.
  • Figure 25a is a top view of one embodiment of an antenna element according to the present invention.
  • Figure 25b is a graphical representation of the frequencies produced by the antenna element of Figure 25 a;
  • Figure 26a is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 25a including an inductive bridge between two arms of the element;
  • Figure 26b is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 25a having slots inserted into one arm of the element;
  • Figure 26c is a top view of another alternative embodiment of the antenna elements of Figure
  • 25 a including an inductive bridge between two arms of the element
  • Figure 26d is a top view of another alternative embodiment of the antenna elements of Figure
  • Figure 26e is a graphical representation of one frequency band produced by the antenna element of Figure 26d;
  • Figure 26f is a top view of another alternative embodiment of the antenna elements of Figure
  • Figure 26g is a side view of the antenna element of Figure 26f;
  • Figure 27a is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 25a including an external matching arm;
  • Figure 27b is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 27a;
  • Figure 27c is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 25a;
  • Figure 27d is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 27c;
  • Figure 27e is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 27c;
  • Figure 27f is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna element of Figure 27c;
  • Figure 28 is a top view of an antenna having multiple antenna elements according to the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 28 with a modified feeding structure
  • Figure 30 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 29;
  • Figure 31 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 29;
  • Figure 32 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 31;
  • Figure 33 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 31;
  • Figure 34 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 29;
  • Figure 35a is a top view of an alternative embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention including matching elements and filters;
  • Figure 35b is a perspective view of the antenna of Figure 35a;
  • Figure 36 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 28;
  • Figure 37a is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 36 with a modified feeding structure
  • Figure 37b is a graphical representation of the frequencies produced by the antenna of Figure
  • Figure 38 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • Figure 39 is a side view of the antenna of Figure 38;
  • Figure 40 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention
  • Figure 41 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 40 including an additional antenna element
  • Figure 42 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 41;
  • Figure 43 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 42 including an additional antenna element
  • Figure 44 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 29 including an additional antenna element
  • Figure 45 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 44 with modified feeding structure
  • Figure 46 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 44 with additional antenna elements;
  • Figure 47 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 36 with additional antenna elements.
  • Figure 48 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 47 with antenna elements of varying size.
  • a CLMD antenna produces a specific frequency, band of frequency, or combination therein for a targeted applications like Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Personal Communications Service (PCS).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • PCS Personal Communications Service
  • the resonant frequency is a result of the inductance and capacitance.
  • CLMD antennas present various advantages, chief among them is excellent isolation. Different configurations of the CLMD antennas are available which have varying degrees of isolation and different bandwidths.
  • FIG 1A illustrates one embodiment of a single-element CLMD antenna 10 that can be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • the CLMD antenna 10 comprises two top plates 12 and 14, a bottom plate 16, and an antenna feed line 18.
  • the two top plates 12 and 14 create the capacitive part 20 of antenna 10 and the loop between the two top plates 12 and 14 and the bottom plate 16 creates the inductive part 22 of antenna 10.
  • the electric field is confined in the capacitive part 16 of antenna 10 and the magnetic field is expelled in the inductive part 22 of antenna 10.
  • Power is supplied to the antenna 10 through the feed line 18.
  • the feed line 18 is a coaxial cable with the inner conductor connected to one top plate 14 and the outer conductor connected to the bottom plate 16, which serves as ground.
  • Figure IB illustrates a side-view of antenna 10.
  • the two top plates 12 and 14 create the capacitive part 20 of the antenna 10 while the loop between the two top plates 12 and 14, and the bottom plate 16 creates the inductive part 22.
  • the far field of such an antenna is actually due to the expelled field, mainly magnetic, in the area closely surrounding the antenna 10.
  • Figure 1C illustrates a top-view of antenna 10 with a horizontal electric field 24 shown between the two top plates 12 and 14 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the horizontal electric field 24 allows for a lower antenna profile, because electric field 24 is confined in a horizontal orientation as opposed to a vertical orientation.
  • the electric field confinement can be optimized and frequency bandwidth can be tuned, at least in part, by adjusting the distance between the two top plates 12 and 14. For example, increasing the distance between the two top plates 12 and 14, which increases the antenna mode volume, can enlarge the frequency bandwidth. Increasing the antenna mode volume will result in more leaks around the antenna. On the other hand, as confinement increases, the isolation increases, but the bandwidth becomes narrower. Thus, isolation and bandwidth can be optimized by adjusting the distance between the two top plates 12 and 14.
  • Antenna 100 comprises two separate CLMD antenna components 102 and 104, such as antenna 10 shown in Figure 1A, placed one beside the other.
  • the antenna components 102 and 104 each include two top plates 112 and 114, one bottom plate 116, and a feed line 118 connected to one top plate 114.
  • the antenna components 102 and 104 are configured to operate at different frequencies within a specified frequency range. In this configuration, the frequency characteristics of antenna components 102 and 104 combine to give antenna 100 a frequency range including the combined operating frequencies of both antenna components 102 and 104.
  • FIG. 2B An alternative embodiment of the antenna 100 is shown in Figure 2B.
  • only one antenna component 102 is connected to the feed line 118.
  • antenna component 104 is excited by a magnetic coupling 120 coming from antenna component 102.
  • each antenna component 102 and 104 is configured to operate at a different frequency within a specified frequency range giving the resulting antenna 100 a frequency range that includes the combined operating frequencies of both antenna components 102 and 104.
  • 1 to n parasitic components can be coupled to the component connected to the feed line 118.
  • the antenna components 102 and 104 presented in Figures 2A and 2B can be sized for very different frequency ranges making it possible to obtain the multi-frequency, multi-band CLMD antenna 125 shown in Figure 3 A.
  • Reference numerals 122 and 124, of Figure 3B are the graphical representations of the frequencies covered by two larger components 126 and 128, of Figure 3A, and reference numerals 130 and 132 are the graphical representations of the frequencies covered by two smaller components 134 and 136. Larger components 126 and 128 generally provide coverage for lower frequencies, for example in the 800MHz range , while smaller components 134 and 136 provide coverage for higher frequencies, for example in the 1900MHz range.
  • the frequency coverage for antenna 125 is shown in Figure 3B is the combined coverage of components 126, 128, 134, and 136.
  • antenna components 102 and 104 in figures 2A and 2B are vertically aligned with respect to each other.
  • antenna components 134 and 136 are horizontally aligned with respect to antenna elements 126 and 128 in figure 3 A.
  • feeding the components 126, 128, 134 and 136 are contemplated.
  • one component can be connected to a feed line and the others can be excited by magnetic coupling.
  • one component in each band i.e. 800 MHz, 1900MHz
  • Another possible arrangement would be to connect each component to a feed line.
  • Figures 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D illustrate the aforementioned feeding solutions plus different component placement.
  • Components corresponding to similar frequency ranges can be placed side-by-side or inserted between the other components.
  • These different configurations can be applied not only to two components of each frequency range but also at n components within m frequency ranges.
  • Figure 4 A illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element, multi-band CLMD antenna 138, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Components 140 and 146 are the larger components, each covering different frequencies within a relatively lower frequency range.
  • Components 142 and 144 as the smaller of the four components, each cover different frequencies within a relatively higher frequency range.
  • power is supplied to each component 140, 142, 144, and 146 through separate feed lines 118.
  • the invention can include 1 to n components and one to n feed lines.
  • Figure 4B illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna 138 of Figure 4 A.
  • the four separate components 140, 142, 144, and 146 again are placed parallel to one-another.
  • the larger components 140 and 146 and smaller components 142 and 144 are interspersed in the following order: 140; 142; 146; and 144.
  • power is supplied to each component through a separate feed line 118. Again, there can be 1 to n components and one to n feed lines.
  • Figure 4C illustrates another alternative embodiment of the antenna 138 of Figure 4 A.
  • the two larger components 140 and 146 are grouped next to each other and the two smaller components 142 and 144 are grouped next to each other, with the larger grouping next to the smaller grouping.
  • power is supplied to the two larger components 140 and 146 through a single feed line 118 attached to component 140.
  • Power is supplied to parasitic component 156 through magnetic coupling 120.
  • the two smaller components 142 and 144 are also feed with a single feed line 118 attached to component 142. Power is supplied to parasitic component 144 through magnetic coupling 120.
  • FIG 4D illustrates alternative embodiment of the antenna 138 of Figure 4B.
  • the larger components 140 and 146 are again interspersed with the smaller components 142 and 144.
  • power is supplied to only one component, in this example larger component 140, through feed line 118. All other components 142, 144, and 146 are powered through magnetic coupling 120, which can supply 1 to n elements.
  • alternative embodiments of the invention can include stacking the components.
  • the relative direction of one component with regard to the other is on factor in the strength of magnetic coupling between the components.
  • the coupling is generally maximized and when they are orthogonal, the coupling is minimized.
  • the two components can also be inserted one into the other for those different directions. If the larger component is placed on top, the smaller component can fit inside. Alternatively, the smaller component can be placed standing over the larger component as presented respectively in Figures 5A-5B and 5C-5D.
  • Figures 5A and 5B illustrate one embodiment of a multi-element, multi -band CLMD antenna 148 in which the components 150 and 152 are orthogonal to each other, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 A is a top view
  • figure 5B is a side view.
  • the components 150 and 152 are arranged one inside the other, with the larger component 150 on the outside and the smaller component 152 on the inside.
  • either component 150 or 152 can be arranged to any angle relative to the other from 0 to 360°.
  • Figures 5C and 5D illustrate an alternative embodiment of the antenna 148 of Figures 5 A and 5B.
  • figure 5C is a top view and figure 5D is a side view.
  • the components 150 and 152 are arranged one on top of the other.
  • the smaller component 152 is positioned above the larger component 150.
  • either component can be arranged to any angle relative to the other from 0 to 360°.
  • the aforementioned embodiments of the CLMD antenna 148 of the present invention have excellent isolation due to the high confinement of the electric field. Unfortunately, their bandwidth is relatively narrow. For some applications, the required bandwidth is too wide to use these CLMD antenna components. In order to increase the bandwidth, it is possible to relax the confinement. This relaxation can be obtained using various alternative relaxed component embodiments described below.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates one embodiment of a relaxed single-element CLMD antenna 154 comprising top section antenna element 155, a ground plate 164 and a feed line 118.
  • the top section antenna element 155 is cut to include two top plates 158 and 160 and a connection section 162 connecting the two top plates 158 and 160 which creates a distributed capacitance 166 in a horizontal electric field as well as an inductance 168.
  • One way to relax the confinement antenna 154 is to increase the gap 156 between the two top plates 158 and 160. At some point, the capacitance 166 of the antenna 154 becomes too small to keep a low frequency due to the increased gap 156 size between the two top plates 158 and 160.
  • the capacitance 166 reduction can be compensated for by increasing the inductance 168 of the antenna 154. This can be achieved by connecting the two top plates 158 and 160 with a connection section 162. In operation, the two top plates 158 and 160 and connection section 162 form a magnetic dipole field loop 170 shown in Figure 6B. Similar to the embodiments described above, multiple configurations of multi-element, multi- frequency relaxed CLMD antennas can be assembled using relaxed single element CLMD antennas similar to the one shown in Figures 6A-C. Figure 7 A illustrates one embodiment of such a multi-element, either mono or dual band CLMD antenna 170, in accordance with the present invention.
  • Antenna 170 comprises two top section antenna elements 172 and 174, similar to top section antenna element 155 shown in Figures 6A-C, mounted on a ground plane 164. Alternatively, a separate ground plane can be attached to each top section antenna element. Each top section antenna element 172 and 174 is powered by a feed line 118. The top section antenna elements 172 and 174 are placed parallel to one another and each is configured for covering a specific frequency range.
  • Figure 7B illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 7 A in which only top section antenna element 172 is powered by a feed line 118.
  • top section antenna element 174 is powered through magnetic coupling 176 with top section antenna element 172.
  • Magnetic coupling can be used to supply power to 1 to n elements.
  • Figures 8 A, 8B, 8C and 8D illustrate different alternative embodiments of a multi-element, multi-band CLMD antenna 178 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the embodiments shown in Figures 8 A and 8B each include four top section antenna elements 180, 182, 184 and 186 positioned on a common ground plate 170.
  • Figures 8C and 8D include four top section antenna elements 180, 182, 184 and 186 each positioned on a separate ground plate 188.
  • each of the configurations illustrated in figures 8C and 8D can include a ' single ground plane 170 or multiple ground planes 188. In fact, this is true for all of the embodiments disclosed herein. Further, it is possible for some top sections to share a common ground plane , while the other top sections either share a separate ground plane or are associated each with their own. For example, in figure 8 A top sections 180 and 182 can share a common ground plane, while top sections 184 and 186 either share a ground plane or have their own ground planes. In general, the ground plane configuration for all of the antenna embodiments disclosed herein will depend on the particular implementation. In figures 8A - 8D, two top section antenna elements are configured for each frequency range (e.g.
  • elements 180 and 186 are configured for one frequency range and elements 182 and 184 are configured for another frequency range) and the different embodiment illustrated in the figures show exemplary physical and powering configurations.
  • each top section antenna element 180, 182, 184 and 186 is powered by a feed line 118.
  • elements 180 and 186 are powered by a feeding line 118, while elements 182 and 184 are powered by magnetic coupling 187 with elements 180 and 186 respectively.
  • Figure 8D only element 180 is powered using a feed line 118, while elements 182, 184 and 186 are powered by magnetic coupling 187 with adjacent elements.
  • Elements corresponding to the same frequency range can be placed side-by-side or inserted between elements corresponding to a different frequency range.
  • a relaxed CLMD antenna 190 can also be arranged vertically similar to the CLMD antenna shown in Figure 5. Again, the relative direction of one antenna element related to the other will control the strength of magnetic coupling between the elements. When the elements are parallel, the coupling is maximum and when they are orthogonal, the coupling is minimum. Multiple elements can also be stacked one on top of the other to produce addition embodiment of the invention. In configurations where the top element is larger 192, other elements 194 can fit inside. In configurations where the top element is smaller 194, it can stand over the other elements 192 as presented respectively in Figures 9A-9B and 9C. The bandwidth obtained with the relaxed CLMD antenna of the type illustrated in Figure 6 may have to be increased for certain applications.
  • the bandwidth can then be improved further by adding a bridge 157 over the slot of the top plate antenna element 155 as illustrated by the relaxed CLMD antenna 196 presented in Figure 10 A.
  • Various bridge configurations can be applied to the present invention each creating unique ways to control the interaction between the antenna and its surrounding.
  • FIGs 10A, 10B, IOC and 10D Several exemplary embodiments are illustrated in Figures 10A, 10B, IOC and 10D.
  • the bridge 157 can be electrically connected on both top plates 158 and 160 as shown in Figure 10B; it can be connected on one top plate 158 and capacitively loaded 198 on the other top plate 160, as shown in Figure 10C; or it can be capacitively loaded 198 on both top plates 158 and 160 as shown in Figure 10D.
  • Nolume and surface area are critical issues for handheld devices. Therefore it can be advantageous to have a dual band antenna component with a low volume and surface area.
  • a relaxed CLMD antenna component can make this because the part of the top plate that is the farthest from the feeding point has very low sensitivity. Therefore, it is possible to inscribe a second, higher frequency in this part of the first element.
  • Figure HA illustrates a top-view of one embodiment of a single-element, dual-band CLMD antenna component 2000 where one antenna element 202 is inserted into another antenna element 204, in accordance with the present invention.
  • areas 206 and 208 comprise the capacitive parts respectively for each band while areas 210 and 212 comprise the complementary inductive parts of the antenna 200 to keep a low frequency.
  • Power is supplied to the antenna through a feed line 118..
  • the antenna element 202 corresponding to the higher frequency is inserted into the lower frequency antenna element 204 and is oriented toward the same direction.
  • Figure 11B illustrates an alternative embodiment of a single-element, dual-band CLMD antenna component 200.
  • the antenna element 202 corresponding to the higher frequency is inserted into the antenna element corresponding to the lower frequency and is oriented in the opposite direction with a mirror symmetry.
  • Figure 1 IC illustrates a top- view of an alternative embodiment of a single-element, dual-band CLMD component 200.
  • the antenna element 204 corresponding to the higher frequency is inserted into the lower frequency antenna element 202 and is oriented in the opposite direction.
  • Figures 12 A, 12B, and 12C illustrate the alternative embodiments of the antenna component 200 of Figures 11A, 1 IB and 11 C respectively, in which bridges 157 are added to improve bandwidth.
  • Figure 13 summarizes the various antenna embodiments illustrated in the previous figures. The important point is that the different presented solutions can actually be mixed in order to obtain multi-bands.
  • a dual-band relaxed CLMD component can be stacked with a mono-band, relaxed, bridged CLMD component in order to obtain a tri-band antenna.
  • Figure 14 shows an example of a quad-band, relaxed CLMD antenna component 220. It is comprised of a top plate, tri-band inserted CLMG antenna element 222, stacked with a mono- band regular CLMD antenna element 224
  • Figure 14B illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna component 220 in which the top plate, tri-band inserted CLMG antenna element 222 is bridged 157.
  • active or passive components can be placed on the under side of the ground plane of any of the antennas described herein in order to save circuit board real estate within whatever device the antenna is ultimately installed.
  • Antenna 154 can be used as one element of a multielement antenna configured to operate in a plurality of frequency bands. Essentially, once the elements comprising antenna 154 have been cut and folded into the desired form for the purpose of matching a frequency or frequency band, it can be combined with other single element antennas and arranged to target multiple bands. For example, a plurality of single element antennas, such as antenna 154, can be placed one next to the other, stacked one on top of another, and or inserted one inside the other.
  • Figures 7A-7B, 8A-8D, and 9A-9C and the accompanying descriptions detail various configurations and arrangements for constructing a multi-band antenna comprising a plurality of single element antennas.
  • the frequency coverage for the resulting multi-band antenna is then the combined frequency coverage for each of the single element antennas combined to form the multi-band antenna.
  • a dual-band antenna configured to cover the 800 MHz band and the 1900 MHz band can be formed by combining a single element antenna with coverage in the 800 MHz range with a single element antenna with coverage in the 1900 MHz range.
  • Figure 16 illustrates a return loss plot of a dual band antenna prior to incorporating filtering.
  • one antenna element comprising the dual-band antenna has a response at frequency band 1 (band 1) as illustrated by return loss trace 331.
  • the other antenna element has a response at frequency band 2 (band 2) as illustrated by return loss trace 332.
  • band 1 band 1
  • band 2 band 2
  • band 334 response at frequency band 334 on the return loss trace due to energy in one band being coupled to the other band. This unwanted coupled energy is due to poor isolation between the two antenna elements that comprise the dual-band antenna.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a plot 337 of the frequency response of a dual-band antenna that results when one of the antenna elements that comprise the dual-band antenna is excited with a signal.
  • the response actually comprises two responses 335 and 336, one for each band of coverage.
  • Plot 337 illustrates that the rejection between the two frequency bands is poor. The rejection is dependant upon many factors, including: the specific geometry of the antenna; the separation in frequency between the two excited bands, e.g., band 1 and band 2; and the frequency characteristics of the feed lines feeding the respective antenna elements in terms of their inherent filtering characteristics.
  • the isolation and rejection of the dual-band antenna can, however, be improved with the use of filtering as described herein.
  • a high or low pass filter can, for example be included in one or more feed lines powering the various elements comprising the multi-band antenna.
  • the filters can be integrated with the antenna elements.
  • Figure 15A illustrates a top-view of one embodiment of a single antenna element 317 that comprises one element of a multi-element, multi-frequency, capacitively loaded antenna, in accordance with the systems and methods described herein.
  • antenna element 317 also comprises a top plate 311, a ground plate, and a grounding contact; however, for ease of illustration, the ground plate and grounding contact are omitted from figures 15A-15C
  • Top plate 311 of antenna element 317 is configured in a "U" shape, as with antenna 154 of Figure 6A, comprising two plates 328 and 329 formed such that they are adjacent to and substantially parallel to each other, although it is possible for the two plates 328 and 329 to be oriented in some other manner.
  • a filter element 320 has been added to plate 328 in order to improve the isolation of antenna element 317 relative to at least one other element comprising the multi-element, multi-frequency, capacitively loaded antenna.
  • filter element 320 comprises a cutout 319 that runs the width of plate 328 and that divides plate 328 into two parts.
  • the first part is a cutout plate 321, and the second part is the part formed form the rest of top plate 311, which can be te ⁇ ned the base plate. It will be understood that so configured, cutout plate 321 becomes a parasitic element of antenna element 317. Cutout plate 321 is powered through electro-magnetic coupling, indicated by line 327, with the base plate.
  • the position and width of cutout 319 can then be tailored to provide the desired filtering characteristics to filter element 320.
  • the desired filtering characteristics are those that will allow proper performance of antenna element 317, while improving the isolation and/or rejection, for example, with respect to other antenna elements.
  • the filter element can be replicated in order to add a plurality of filter elements 320 to antenna element 317. Additional filter elements 320 maybe added, for example, to further improve the isolation and/or rejection of antenna element 317.
  • Figure 15B illustrates a top-view of antenna element 317 that comprises two filter elements 320 that divide plate 328 into two cutout plates 322 and 323, each driven by electro-magnetic coupling 327.
  • Figure 15C illustrates a top-view of antenna element 317 that comprises three filter elements 320 that divide plate 328 into three cutout plates 324, 325, and 326, each driven by electro- magnetic coupling 327. More filter elements 320 can be added as required, and each can be driven by electro magnetic coupling 327. Thus, the electromagnetic coupling can actually be configured to drive form 1 to n cutout plates as required by a particular invention. Again, once the geometry for a particular filter element 320 is defined, it can be replicated as required to add a plurality of such elements to an antenna element 317. Further, different geometries can be defined to provide different filtering characteristics. For example, figure 15D illustrates a close up view of the embodiment of a filter element 320 illustrated in figure 15 A.
  • Figure 15E illustrates an alternative embodiment of filter element 320 comprising a different geometry.
  • the filter element 320 illustrated in figure 15E also comprise a cutout 319 that forms a cutout plate 321 and a base plate 311.
  • electro-magnetic coupling 327 powers cutout plate 321.
  • Figure 15F illustrates another alternative embodiment of a filter element 320.
  • the filter element 320 of figure 15F comprises a cutout 319 that divides plate 328 into a cutout plate 321 and a base plate 311, with cutout plate 321 being powered by electro-magnetic coupling 327. This creates an example of more complex filter including an inductance and capacitance.
  • FIG 15G illustrates still another embodiment of filter element 320.
  • filter element 320 comprises a plurality of cutouts 319a-319d. But cutouts 319a-319d do not separate plate 328 into two different plates as with previous embodiments.
  • the filter that results from filter element 320 in figure 15G is a second order filter.
  • the geometries of cutouts 319a-319d can be configured to result in poles in the filter's transfer function at the desired frequencies.
  • the filters can be high or low pass filters depending on the embodiments and what frequencies need to be rejected.
  • one antenna element can include a high pass filter to filter out the lower frequency band (band 1), while the other antenna element includes a low pass filter to filter out the higher frequency band (band 2).
  • Figure 18 illustrates the pass and reject bands of a high-pass filter and the effect the filter has on the two frequency responses of a dual-band antenna.
  • the shaded region 351 indicates the portion of the response that is suppressed by the filtering.
  • a filter element 320 can be configured such that it provides the transfer function 353 illustrated in figure 18.
  • the filtering can be in the feed line or included in antenna element 317 as described in figure 15A-15G. In either event, however, filter elements 320 can be added to the antenna element to increase the rejection of the filter. Adding filter elements 320 increases the slope 352 of the transfer function 353, which allows greater rejection of band 1 signals.
  • Figure 19 illustrates the pass and reject band of a low pass filter, which can be inco ⁇ orated into the feed line or in the antenna element 317.
  • additional filtering sections 320 can be added to increase the isolation between the two frequency responses, by increasing the slope 352 of transfer function 353.
  • the shaded region 351 indicates the part of the frequency response that is suppressed by the filtering.
  • Figure 20 illustrates the return loss plot of a tri-band antenna comprising three antenna elements 317 and filtering in accordance with the present invention.
  • the filtering can be included in one or more feed lines and/or in the three antenna elements 317 as described above.
  • the three separate return loss plots 371, 372, and 373 show no additional responses, which is an indication of adequate filtering.
  • FIG. 21A illustrates one embodiment of an antenna element 317 that forms a part of a multi-element, multi-frequency, capacitively loaded antenna, in accordance with the present invention. Again, only top plate 311 of antenna element 317 is shown for simplicity.
  • Antenna element 317 also includes a filter element 381 that serves to reject unsupported frequencies. As shown in the blown up view of figure 21 A, filter element 381 comprises a bottom plate 384 that is electro-magnetically connected with plate 316 of top plate 311. Filter element 381 also comprises a plate 385 that extends down from plate 316 in a substantially perpendicular orientation to plate 316. Other orientations for plate 85 relative to plate 316 are of course possible.
  • plate 385 is a capacitive plate, i.e., plate 385 preferably forms a capacitance such that filter element 381 is a capacitive filter element with the desired filtering characteristics.
  • plate 385 can, like top plate 311, comprise a cutout section 386 so that plate 385 comprises a "u" shape. So formed, plate 385 can generate a capacitive part of filter element 381 in the same manner that top plate 155 forms a capacitive part 166 of antenna 154 as illustrated in figure 6C.
  • filter elements can be generated from the relatively simple capacitive filter element 381.
  • an Inductive-Capacitive (LC)-filter 382 is illustrated in figure 21B.
  • filter element 82 can comprise a bottom plate 384 and a capacitive plate 385.
  • filter element 382 can also include a second plate 387. This second plate 387 can be configured to form an inductive part of filter element 382 in much the same way that ground plate 164 can be configured to form an inductive part 170 of antenna 154 in figure 6B.
  • FIG 21C illustrates another possible filter element 383 configured, as with filter elements 381 and 382 to reject unsupported frequencies.
  • bottom plate 384 has been cut so as to form a second order filter with capacitive plate 385.
  • the basic filter elements can be added as needed to antenna element 317.
  • two filter elements 381 can be used if required by a particular implementation as indicated in figure 22 A.
  • the location of the various filter elements can also be selected based on a particular application's requirements.
  • one filter element 381 can be added to one arm of filter element 317, while another is added to the connecting section between the two arms. Similar configurations can be implemented using filter elements 382 as indicated in figured 21 C and 2 ID.
  • a filter element is defined, whether it is a cutout filter element 320 or one that is coupled with antenna element 317, such as filter elements 381-383, the filter element can be combined with other similar filter elements or with other types of filter elements to provide the required filtering.
  • a cutout filter element 401 is combined with a filter element 381.
  • a filter element 382 is combined with a filter element 382.
  • filter element 401 is combined with a filter element 383.
  • three filter elements 401, 382, and 383 are combined. But only a small number of the possible combinations of filter elements are illustrated by the embodiments of figures 23A-23D. Therefore, the embodiments of figured 23A-23D should not be viewed as limiting the possible combinations of filter elements. Rather, it should be apparent that any number of filter elements, of any type, can be combined as required by a particular implementation.
  • the individual antenna elements disclosed herein can be combined to form multi-element, multi-band antennas, such as those disclosed in figures 7A- 7B, 8A-8D, and 9A-9C.
  • one or more filter elements can be added to the antenna elements of the various multi-element, multi-band antennas disclosed in figures 7A-7B, 8A- 8D, and 9A-9C as required by a particular application and as described above.
  • several embodiment of a single element, multi-band antennas are disclosed in figures 24B-24C as well as the figures discussed above, hi these embodiments, a single top plate is configured to form multiple antenna elements, each with their own frequency range or band of operation. These single elements, multi-band antennas can also be combined with other antenna elements.
  • FIG. 14A and 14B and the accompanying description illustrate how antenna elements can be stacked with the antenna elements of figures 24B-24C. It will be apparent, however, that filter elements, such as those described above, can also be added to such single element, multi-band antennas, whether alone or combined with other antenna elements, in accordance with the methods disclosed herein.
  • Figure 24 A is a diagram of one possible embodiment of such a single element, multi-band antenna 400.
  • Antenna 400 comprises a top plate 470 that has been cut so that it comprises cutouts 410 and 412. The cutouts form three arms 414, 416, and 418, which form two antenna elements.
  • Arms 414 and 416 form the capacitive part 402 of the first element, while arms 416 and 418 form the capacitive part 404 of the second element.
  • the inductive parts of the two elements, 406 and 408 respectively, are formed between ground plate 420 and top plate 470 in the same manner as described in relation to antenna 154 of Figure 6A.
  • Antenna 400 also comprises a ground contact (not shown) between top plate 470 and ground plate 420. Filter elements, such as those described above, can then be added as required, and in accordance with the methods described herein, to antenna 400.
  • Figure 24B illustrates another exemplary single element, multi-band antenna 424. Cutouts 428 and 446 form three arms 436, 438, and 440, which form two antenna elements. Arms 436 and 438 form the capacitive part 428 of the first element, and arms 438 and 440 from the capacitive part 432 of the other. Antenna 424 also comprise a ground plate and ground contact that are not shown in figure 24B for simplicity. But the ground plate, in conjunction with the top plate 472, forms the inductive parts, 434 and 430, of the two antenna elements respectively. Again, filter elements, such as those described above, can be added as required, and in accordance with the methods described herein, to antenna 424.
  • Figure 24C illustrates another exemplary single element, multi-band antenna 448. Cutouts 458 and 460 form three arms 462, 464, and 466, which form two antenna elements. Arms 462 and 464 form the capacitive part 450 of the first element, and arms 464 and 466 from the capacitive part 454 of the other. Antenna 448 also comprise a ground plate and ground contact that are not shown in figure 24C for simplicity. But the ground plate, in conjunction with the top plate 474, forms the inductive parts, 456 and 452, of the two antenna elements respectively. Again, filter elements, such as those described above, can be added as required, and in accordance with the methods described herein, to antenna 448.
  • the antenna element 510 comprises three antenna arms 512, 514, and 516.
  • the antenna element 510 is fed through the feeding structure comprising feed line 518 and ground line 520.
  • the antenna arms 512, 514, and 516 are configured to produce circulating current flows which cause the antenna element 510 to radiate at a low frequency (fl) and a high frequency (f2).
  • Arms 512 and 514 form a large u-shaped antenna element which is fed by feed line 518. This structure produces a current flow indicated by line 522 causing the antenna element 510 to radiate at low frequency (fl).
  • Anns 514 and 516 form a small u-shaped antenna element which is fed through electro-magnetic coupling with arm 512, which is represented by dashed line 524.
  • This small structure produces a current flow which causes the antenna element 10 to radiate at high frequency (£2).
  • This antenna element design creates inductive and capacitive elements which create the antenna frequency bands.
  • arms 512 and 516 form a first capacitive part of antenna 510 and arms 514 and 516 form a second capacitive part.
  • Corresponding inductive parts of the antenna 510 are created between the arms 512, 514 and 516 and a ground plate (not shown except in Figure 39).
  • Antenna element 510 can be modified for different applications.
  • Figures 26a, 26b and 26c illustrate various ways to modify the inductance of antenna element 510.
  • Figure 26a shows adding an inductive bridge 526 between arms 512 and 516.
  • the inductive bridge 526 can be used to widen the low frequency band (fl) of antenna element 510.
  • the inductive bridge 526 can also be used to widen the high frequency band (£2) of antenna element 10 by adjusting its placement and width.
  • the effect the inductive bridge 526 has on antenna performance can be controlled to suit many different antenna applications.
  • some of the factors which determine the effect the inductive bridge 526 has on antenna 510 are the width of element 512, the width of the inductive bridge 526, the position of the inductive bridge 526 along the length of element 512, and the width of the gap between elements 512 and 516.
  • Figure 26c shows adding an inductive bridge 530 between arms 514 and 516.
  • This inductive bridge 530 can be used to widen the high frequency band (£2) of antenna element 510.
  • inductive bridge 530 can be used to widen the low frequency band (fl) of antenna element 510 by adjusting its placement and width.
  • Figure 26d show adding multiple inductive bridges 531 between arms 512 and 516. The additional inductive bridges 531 can be used to further widen the low (or high) frequency band of antenna element 510.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 26d can be configured to produce an expanded low frequency band (fl) like the one shown in Figure 26e.
  • Figure 26b shows inserting slots 528 into arm 512.
  • FIG. 26c shows placing an inductive bridge 530 between arms 514 and 516 to widen the bandwidth at the high frequency (£2), similar to the way inductive bridge 526 operates.
  • inductive bridge 530 between arms 514 and 516 to widen the bandwidth at the high frequency (£2), similar to the way inductive bridge 526 operates.
  • Various other modifications can be made to antenna element 510 and various other antenna element configurations can be used for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Figures 26f-26g show an alternative feeding structure arrangement in which the feed line 518 cut away from arm 512.
  • the feed line 518 formed from a piece of arm 512 which is cut away and folded down.
  • the ground line 520 is attached to the end of arm 512.
  • a matching element 521 can be added to the antenna element 510 enabling additional control over the antenna element environment through frequency matching.
  • Matching element 521 capacitively couples with arm 512 of the antenna element 510.
  • matching element 521 is connected to arm 512.
  • matching element 521 is connected to feed line 518. Whether the matching element 521 is attached to arm 512 of feed line 518 can be dictated by size considerations of the antenna application.
  • the matching element 521 can be configured to widen the frequency bands produced by antenna element 510. Some of the factors which dictate the effect the matching element 521 has on the antenna element 510 include the length of the matching element 521 and the gap between matching element 521 and the antenna element arm 512. For example, the longer the length of the matching element 521, the more it affects the low frequency (fl) component. Conversely, the shorter the length the more it affects the high frequency (£2) component. With respect to the gap, generally the smaller the gap between the matching element 521 and arm 512, the more the high frequency (£2) component is affected and the larger the gap, the more the low frequency (fl) component is affected.
  • Figures 27c-27f show alternative embodiments of matching element 521.
  • Figure 27c shows matching element 521 extending vertically downward from the outside edge of arm 512.
  • Figure 27d shows matching element 521 attached to the outside edge of arm 512 and extending perpendicular under arm 512 to under arm 516 where it extends parallel under arm 516.
  • Figure 27e shows matching element 521 attached to the outside edge of arm 512 and extending perpendicular under arm 512 to under arm 514 where it extends parallel under arm 514.
  • Figure 27f shows matching element 521 attached to the outside edge of arm 512 and extending under arm 512 at one diagonal to under arm 516 where it extends at another diagonal to under arm 514.
  • the antenna 532 shown in Figure 28 comprises two antenna elements 534 and 536 fed through a signal feeding structure using feed line 538 and ground line 540.
  • antenna elements 534 and 536 are arranged perpendicular to each other and are connected at their open ends. Both feed line 538 and ground line 540 are attached to element 534 but are configured to power both element 534 and element 536. This 90 degree arrangement between elements 534 and 536 minimizes coupling between the elements and thus maximizes the bandwidth of antenna 532.
  • antenna elements 534 and 536 are each configured to radiate a high frequency and a low frequency, thus producing four separate frequency bands (fl, £2, f3, and f4).
  • the structure of the antenna elements 534 and 536 and their arrangement with respect to each other can be designed such that the low frequencies (fl and £) of both elements are near enough on the frequency spectrum to partially combine to form a single, enlarged low frequency band.
  • the antenna 532 can be designed such that the high frequencies (£2 and f4) of both elements 534 and 536 are also near enough on the frequency spectrum to partially combine to form a single, enlarged high frequency band.
  • antenna elements 534 and 536 should be similarly sized.
  • elements 534 and 536 can be configured to produce overlapping frequency bands by adjusting the arm lengths and gaps between the arms.
  • the antenna 532 can be configured so that the four frequency bands (fl, £2, £, and f4) do not overlap allowing them to be used as in a communication system with two separate transmit and receive frequencies.
  • generally elements 534 and 536 should be different sized elements in order to produce frequency bands that do not overlap.
  • elements 534 and 536 are similarly sized, they can be designed to produce non-overlapping frequency bands such as by adjusting the arm lengths and gaps between the arms.
  • Figure 29 illustrates an alternative feeding structure for the antenna of Figure 28.
  • ground line 540 is connected to element 536 while feed line 538 is connected to element 534.
  • This feeding structure can be used to power both elements 534 and 536.
  • This and other alternative feed structure arrangements can be made to accommodate size constraints imposed by various antenna applications.
  • Figure 30 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna shown in Figure 29.
  • Figure 30 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna shown in Figure 29.
  • elements 534 and 536 are arranged at an angle 542 less than 90 degrees. This allows the overall structure of the antenna 532 to be more compact allowing it to be used for applications in which space of limited. However, because the elements 534 and 536 are no longer perpendicular, coupling occurs between the elements which can reduce the bandwidth of antenna 532. This coupling can be compensated for in a variety of ways such as, among other ways, adjusting the arm lengths of each element 534, 536 and or adjusting the gaps between the arms.
  • Figures 31-33 illustrate various embodiments in which elements 534 and 536 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • feed line 538 is connected to element 534 and ground line 540 is connected to element 536, however the feed line 538 and ground line 540 could be reversed or both be attached to either element 534 or 536.
  • the coupling between the elements 534, 536 is very high since the magnetic fields created by each element are parallel to each other.
  • the elements 534 and 536 are connected.
  • the elements 534 and 536 are separated by a distance (d) which can be used to match the elements 534 and 536 return loss and efficiency.
  • the coupling created between elements 534 and 536 decreases as the distance (d) between the elements increases. Conversely, the coupling is increased as the distance (d) decreases.
  • the return loss of the elements 534 and 536 is proportional to the magnetic coupling between the elements 534 and 536.
  • a matching element 544 is added between elements 534 and 536.
  • Matching element 544 can be used for frequency matching for all frequency bands produced by antenna 532.
  • matching element 544 can be used to increase the bandwidth of antenna 532.
  • the length of the antenna element arms and the gaps between the arms can be adjusted to compensate for coupling and to increase the bandwidth of antenna 532.
  • Figure 34 illustrates an alternative embodiment of Figure 29 in which the angle between elements 534 and 536 is 180 degrees.
  • the feed line 538 is moved to the side (rather than the end) of element 534 in order to accommodate the connection between elements 534 and 536.
  • This arrangement can be used in antenna applications in which the a long, narrow piece of real estate is available for the antenna.
  • Figures 35a and 35b illustrate one embodiment of the invention that includes various filters and matching elements to customize and optimize operation of the antenna 546 for a particular application.
  • This embodiment shows various filters 548 cut into antenna element 546. Filters of this type, which allow element 546 to produce multiple frequency bands, are described in more detail above.
  • Antenna 546 also includes a second antenna element 552 and a matching element 554 attached to the sides of antenna element 546.
  • An additional parasitic element 556 can also be included inside antenna 546. Parasitic element 556 is feed through magnetic coupling and is configured to general additional frequency bands.
  • parasitic element 556 can be configured to produce overlapping frequency bands which combine with the frequency bands produced by the other antenna elements 546, 552 or can be configured to produce non-overlapping frequency bands.
  • Feed line 518 and ground line 520 are shown attached to element 546.
  • antenna elements 534 and 536 can also be different sizes.
  • the size of an antenna element 534, 536 largely dictates its resonant frequency band, i.e. the smaller the antenna element the higher the resonant frequency band.
  • the embodiment of antenna 532 shown in Figure 36 is configured to produce four separate frequency bands, which could be configured as the send and receive bands for two distinct systems such as 800 MHz and 1900 MHz.
  • the different sized antenna elements 534 and 536 shown in Figure 36 could be designed to produce overlapping frequency bands by adjusting various attributes of the antenna elements such as, among other things, the length of the antenna elements arms and/or the gaps between the arms.
  • the feed line 538 and ground line 540 are both connected to element 536.
  • each antenna element 534 and 536 can be configured with its own feed line 538 and ground line 540.
  • Designing antenna 532 with separate feeding structures for element 534 and 536 may be desirable in situation in which the device that incorporates antenna 532 has more than one module.
  • the device may have separate BluetoothTM and GSM modules. In this case, it may be desirable to separate each antenna element's feeding structure to take advantage of these separate modules.
  • Figure 37b illustrates the frequencies (fl, £2, £ and f4) which could be produced by the embodiment of antenna 532 shown in Figure 37a.
  • antenna element 534 could be configured to produce the lower frequency send and receive bands (fl, f2), in the 800 MHz range and antenna element 536 could be configured to produce the higher frequency send and receive bands (f3, f4) in the 1900 MHz range.
  • Figures 38 and 39 illustrate an embodiment of antenna 532 in which elements 534 and 536 are stacked in a vertical manner. Size constraints of an antenna application may require that the separate antenna elements 534 and 536 be stacked in this vertical manner. While there is come magnetic coupling between elements 534 and 536 in this arrangement, the coupling can be controlled and minimized by, among other ways, adjusting the gap between the elements 534, 536 and their alignment with respect to each other. In this embodiment, both elements 534 and 536 have their own feed line 538 and ground line 540. However, the antenna 532 could be designed with one feeding structure by making one of the elements 534 or 536 parasitic as described herein with respect to other embodiment of the invention.
  • the elements 534 and 536 are shown attached to a ground plane 558. Similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 37a, elements 534 and 536 are different sizes and thus can be configured to produce multiple frequency bands across the spectrum. It should be noted that one advantage to the various antenna arrangements discussed herein is that antenna 532 can be designed to fit within the space constraints of various applications.
  • Figure 40 illustrates still another embodiment of antenna 532. In this embodiment, antenna element 536 is attached to the side of element 534 facing the same direction but at a 90 degree angle with element 534. This arrangement minimizes coupling between elements 534 and 536 similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 28 and 29.
  • Element 536 can be attached to any arm of element 534, facing any direction, in order to accommodate size constraints placed on the antenna 532 by particular antenna applications. Similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 36, element 536 is smaller than element 534. Feed line 538 and ground line 540 are attached to element 534.
  • FIG 41 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna of Figure 40.
  • the antenna 560 shown in Figure 41 includes three antenna elements 562, 564 and 566.
  • Antenna elements -564 and 566 are attached to the sides of element 562 at a 90 degree angle with element 562.
  • Elements 562, 564 and 566 are all different sizes.
  • each antenna element 562, 564, and 566 can be configured to produce two frequency bands at different places on the frequency spectrum. Similar to how the antenna embodiments shown in Figures 36-40 can be configured to operate with two separate communication systems at different frequency bands, the antenna 560 can be configured to operate with three separate communications each at a different frequency band.
  • Figure 41 shows element 566 facing in a direction opposite to elements 562 and 564, however element 566 can be arranged in the same direction as elements 562 and 564 as shown in Figure 42.
  • the feed line 568 and ground line 570 are attached to element 562.
  • Figure 43 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna 560 shown in Figure 42.
  • the antenna 560 shown in Figure 43 includes still another antenna element 572 attached to element 562.
  • Element 572 is arranged in a semi-circular way with elements 564 and 566 in the direction of current flow in element 562.
  • element 572, or elements 564 or 566 could also be arranged in the opposite direction or any combination thereof to accommodate the size constraints placed on the antenna 560 by the particular antenna application.
  • elements 562, 564, 566, and 572 are all different sizes and are configured to produce eight separate frequency bands in four distinct sections on the frequency spectrum (each element producing a high and low frequency in its respective section of the spectrum).
  • the characteristics of the antenna elements 562, 564, 566, and/or 572 can be designed to allow the different-sized antenna elements to produce overlapping frequency bands.
  • one of more of elements 562, 564, 566, or 572 could be configured to be about the same size as another element thus acting to produce frequencies bands in the same section which combine to expand to the high and low frequency bands produced by the respective elements as described above.
  • the feed line 568 and ground line 570 are both attached to element 562.
  • Figure 44 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna shown in Figure 29.
  • the antenna 560 shown in Figure 44 includes three antenna elements 562, 564, and 566 connected together. Elements 562 and 564 are arranged perpendicular to each other and element 566 is arranged between elements 562 and 564 at an angle of less than 90 degrees from element 562. Because element 566 is not perpendicular to elements 562 and 564, come magnetic coupling is likely to occur between elements. However, this coupling can be controlled and minimized, as described herein with respect to other embodiments of the invention, by altering various characteristics of the antenna elements or by adding matching elements.
  • elements 562, 564, and 566 are approximately the same size and thus could be configured to produce frequency bands that combine to expand the frequency bands produced by a single antenna element.
  • feed line 568 is attached to element 562 and ground line 570 is attached to element 564.
  • ground line 570 could be attached to element 566. It is contemplated that other feed line/ground line arrangements are possible and within the scope of this invention.
  • Figure 46 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna 560 shown in Figure 45. This embodiment of antenna 60 includes six antenna elements 562, 564, 566, 572, 574, and 576 attached together.
  • feed line 568 is shown attached to element 562 and ground line 570 is shown attached to element 566, the feed line 568 and ground line 570 could be attached to other elements.
  • the antenna elements 562, 564, 566, 572, 574, and 576 are approximately the same size.
  • the antenna elements 562, 564, 566, 572, 574, and 576 can be configured to produce frequency bands that combine to expand the overall frequency bands produced by antenna 560.
  • the elements 562, 564, 566, 572, 574, and 576 could be configured to be different sizes thus producing frequency bands in distinct sectors of the frequency spectrum as previously described for other antenna embodiment discussed herein.
  • a combination of same-sized and different-sized elements could be designed to produce expanded frequencies (caused by same-sized elements) in distinct sectors of the frequency spectrum (caused by different-sized elements). Additional elements can also be added in different planes (as previously discussed) or elements 562, 564, 566, 572, 574, and 576 could be arranged in different planes in order to meet the space requirements of a specific application.
  • FIG 47 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna shown in Figure 36.
  • the antenna 578 shown in Figure 47 includes one large antenna element 580 and three, same- sized, smaller antenna elements 582, 584 and 586. Feed line 588 and ground line 590 are attached to element 580.
  • Large element 580 can be configured to produce a high and low frequency band in one sector of the frequency spectrum, while the three, same-sized, smaller antenna elements 582, 584, and 586 produce an expanded high and low frequency band in a higher sector of the frequency spectrum than that of the large element 580.
  • the frequency bands produced by elements 582, 584 and 586 combine to produce the expanded high and low frequency bands in the higher sector.
  • Figure 48 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the antenna 578 shown in Figure 47.
  • elements 582, 584, and 586 are different-sized, smaller antenna elements.
  • each of elements 582, 584 and 586 produce a high and low frequency band in a different sector of the frequency spectrum.
  • the embodiment of the antenna 578 shown in Figure 48 can be configured to operate in four different communication systems which operate at different frequencies.
  • coupling between the elements in the antennas shown in Figures 46-48 can be controlled and/or minimized in a variety of ways and various aspects of the antenna element's design and arrangement can be altered to fit the needs of particular antenna applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une conception et une configuration physique d'antennes dipôles (10) magnétiques à charge capacitive discrètes, multibandes, multifréquences devant être utilisées dans des communications sans fil. Un composant de l'antenne dipôle magnétique à charge capacitive comprend une à trois plaques métalliques (12, 14, 16), et un composant comprend un à n éléments. La gamme de fréquences couverte est déterminée par la forme, la taille et le nombre d'éléments dans la configuration physique des composants. La configuration d'antenne peut également être conçue de manière à étendre les bandes de fréquences couvertes par l'antenne ou pour s'adapter aux restrictions spatiales dictées par des applications d'antennes spécifiques. L'antenne (317) peut également comprendre des filtres intégrés (320) afin de permettre la syntonisation de l'antenne pour une application spécifique.
PCT/US2003/012725 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 Antennes dipoles magnetiques a charge capacitive discretes, multibandes, multifrequences WO2003092118A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2004-7017228A KR20050007464A (ko) 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 로우 프로파일, 다주파, 다대역, 용량성 부하의 자기쌍극자 안테나
KR1020117007589A KR101152502B1 (ko) 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 안테나, 다주파 범위 안테나, 다주파 대역 안테나, 안테나 소자, 다대역 안테나, 및 단일 소자 다대역 안테나
AU2003223717A AU2003223717A1 (en) 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 Low-profile, multi-frequency, multi-band, capacitively loaded magnetic dipole antenna

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/133,717 2002-04-25
US10/133,717 US6943730B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2002-04-25 Low-profile, multi-frequency, multi-band, capacitively loaded magnetic dipole antenna
US10/160,811 US6744410B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Multi-band, low-profile, capacitively loaded antennas with integrated filters
US10/160,811 2002-05-31
US10/293,465 2002-11-12
US10/293,465 US6717551B1 (en) 2002-11-12 2002-11-12 Low-profile, multi-frequency, multi-band, magnetic dipole antenna

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003092118A1 true WO2003092118A1 (fr) 2003-11-06

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WO2005067549A2 (fr) 2004-01-14 2005-07-28 Ethertronics, Inc. Structures d'antennes doublets magnetiques multifrequences
EP1608035A1 (fr) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-21 Nec Corporation Dispositif d' antenne et terminal de communication radio portable
CN112186357A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-05 华南理工大学 一种基于谐振器型探针馈电的双极化滤波贴片天线
US11735826B2 (en) 2020-05-28 2023-08-22 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Modal antenna system including closed-loop parasitic element
US11742580B2 (en) 2020-07-28 2023-08-29 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Multifeed antenna system with capacitively coupled feed elements
US11742590B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2023-08-29 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Circularly polarized array antenna for millimeter wave communications
US11881618B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-01-23 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Antenna system with coupled region
US11936119B2 (en) 2021-01-29 2024-03-19 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Isolated magnetic dipole antennas having angled edges for improved tuning

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KR101520223B1 (ko) * 2014-03-28 2015-05-13 세이지 엘리펀트 테크 코포레이션 리미티드 전송선 로드 안테나 모듈
KR102399188B1 (ko) * 2021-12-16 2022-05-18 주식회사 오성전자 이중 대역 pcb 패턴 안테나

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JP3252786B2 (ja) 1998-02-24 2002-02-04 株式会社村田製作所 アンテナ装置およびそれを用いた無線装置
US6239765B1 (en) 1999-02-27 2001-05-29 Rangestar Wireless, Inc. Asymmetric dipole antenna assembly

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US5680144A (en) * 1996-03-13 1997-10-21 Nokia Mobile Phones Limited Wideband, stacked double C-patch antenna having gap-coupled parasitic elements
US6538621B1 (en) * 2000-03-29 2003-03-25 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Tunable impedance surface
US20020126052A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Antenna arrangement
US6456243B1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2002-09-24 Ethertronics, Inc. Multi frequency magnetic dipole antenna structures and methods of reusing the volume of an antenna

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7339531B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2008-03-04 Ethertronics, Inc. Multi frequency magnetic dipole antenna structures and method of reusing the volume of an antenna
EP1711980A2 (fr) * 2004-01-14 2006-10-18 Ethertronics, Inc. Structures d'antennes doublets magnetiques multifrequences
WO2005067549A2 (fr) 2004-01-14 2005-07-28 Ethertronics, Inc. Structures d'antennes doublets magnetiques multifrequences
EP1711980A4 (fr) * 2004-01-14 2007-06-20 Ethertronics Inc Structures d'antennes doublets magnetiques multifrequences
JP2006033798A (ja) * 2004-06-14 2006-02-02 Nec Access Technica Ltd アンテナ装置及び携帯無線端末
US7215289B2 (en) 2004-06-14 2007-05-08 Nec Corporation Antenna device and portable radio terminal
EP1608035A1 (fr) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-21 Nec Corporation Dispositif d' antenne et terminal de communication radio portable
US11735826B2 (en) 2020-05-28 2023-08-22 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Modal antenna system including closed-loop parasitic element
US11881618B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2024-01-23 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Antenna system with coupled region
US11742580B2 (en) 2020-07-28 2023-08-29 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Multifeed antenna system with capacitively coupled feed elements
CN112186357A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-05 华南理工大学 一种基于谐振器型探针馈电的双极化滤波贴片天线
CN112186357B (zh) * 2020-09-17 2021-11-19 华南理工大学 一种基于谐振器型探针馈电的双极化滤波贴片天线
US11742590B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2023-08-29 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Circularly polarized array antenna for millimeter wave communications
US11936119B2 (en) 2021-01-29 2024-03-19 KYOCERA AVX Components (San Diego), Inc. Isolated magnetic dipole antennas having angled edges for improved tuning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110042134A (ko) 2011-04-22
AU2003223717A1 (en) 2003-11-10
KR101152502B1 (ko) 2012-06-01
KR20050007464A (ko) 2005-01-18

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