WO2003081130A1 - Dispositif de combustion d'un combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion d'un combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003081130A1
WO2003081130A1 PCT/EP2003/002976 EP0302976W WO03081130A1 WO 2003081130 A1 WO2003081130 A1 WO 2003081130A1 EP 0302976 W EP0302976 W EP 0302976W WO 03081130 A1 WO03081130 A1 WO 03081130A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flame
fuel
electrode
electric field
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/002976
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf Heiligers
Wolfgang Heinrich Hunck
Original Assignee
Pyroplasma Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyroplasma Kg filed Critical Pyroplasma Kg
Priority to US10/507,689 priority Critical patent/US20050208442A1/en
Priority to EP03714869A priority patent/EP1490630B1/fr
Priority to DE50304472T priority patent/DE50304472D1/de
Priority to AU2003219092A priority patent/AU2003219092A1/en
Publication of WO2003081130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003081130A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/70—Combustion with application of specific energy
    • F23G2202/701—Electrical fields

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel combustion device for burning fuels in an exothermic chemical reaction.
  • Combustion is a chemical reaction (oxidation) of fuels with oxygen in the air, releasing heat. Hydrocarbons react to form carbon dioxide C0 2 and water vapor H 2 0.
  • the combustion of solid fuels is initiated by heating to the ignition temperature, while the combustion of liquid fuels via intermediate gasification is caused by the ignition limit being exceeded by means of an ignition spark.
  • combustion is induced by means of an ignition spark if the ignition limit is temporarily exceeded.
  • Exhaust gases are generated during combustion. The quality of the combustion can be assessed from the composition of the exhaust gases.
  • combustion is a plasmatic-looking exothermic redox reaction that takes place with the emission of electromagnetic radiation, such as light and heat radiation.
  • oxidation is a chemical process in which a particle emits electrons. The emitted electrons are taken up by other particles, such as oxygen and chlorine atoms. This process is called reduction. Every oxidation process is coupled with a reduction process. The reactions on which such an electron transition is based are called redox reactions. Energy is involved in all chemical reactions. Higher energy systems are released into lower energy systems with the release of energy. Conversely, lower-energy systems are converted into higher-energy systems with the expenditure of energy. Will respond
  • Free heat energy this is called an exothermic reaction. Conversely, if energy is absorbed, there is an endo- thermal reaction before. While some substances, for example charcoal only glow when burned, other fuels, such as wood, gasoline or gas, form a flame.
  • a candle flame shows three brightness zones.
  • the flame contains a dark core inside, which is surrounded by a shining yellow coat.
  • the shimmering yellow coat is usually surrounded by a blue flame border.
  • the relatively cool core contains the unburned vapors of the solid material.
  • Steam is generally the gas phase of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature. In the flame mantle, these vapors decompose into burning gases and fine carbon particles that get bright embers and emit light. These carbon particles only burn at the outermost edge of the flame if there is unhindered air access.
  • the flame border forms the hottest part of the flame.
  • a flame is thus a burning gas stream, the glow of the flame being caused by glowing solid particles. Flames therefore burn all combustible gases as well as those liquids and solids that are above the
  • Ignition temperature develop flammable vapors or gaseous decomposition products. Flames have a different electrical resistance on the flame jacket than the surrounding gas. The flame jacket is able to transport electrical charges.
  • a conventional flame is a thermal ionization phenomenon that can be derived from Braun's molecular motion.
  • FID Flame ionization detectors
  • FIG. 1 shows a flame ionization detector (FID) the state of the art.
  • the flame ionization detector (FID) has a ring electrode R and a tip electrode S.
  • the flame consisting of the flame core K and the flame jacket M is supplied with fuel.
  • an alternating electrical field is built up in that an AC voltage is applied between the two electrodes by a voltage source.
  • a current can be measured by a current measuring device.
  • the measured current is not an AC current, but a DC current.
  • the ammeter can be used to determine whether a flame is burning.
  • Flame ionization detectors FID can also be used to measure the concentration of hydrocarbons in the exhaust air and indoor air.
  • the ionization of organically bound carbon atoms in a hydrogen flame is used as the measuring effect.
  • the ion current occurring in the electric field is electrically amplified and displayed.
  • the ion current is proportional to the number of organically bound carbon atoms present in the air sample. This gives the total carbon concentration in PPM.
  • the detection limit is 0.1 - 0.2 PPM.
  • FIG. 2a shows a plasma jet reactor according to the prior art.
  • a gas mixture of N 2 and 0 2 flows in through a tube and enters a microwave field.
  • a generator generates microwaves that feed into a waveguide and are reflected at the other end of the waveguide.
  • the incoming and outgoing shaft are superimposed.
  • the plasma jet reactor serves as an exhaust gas catalytic converter. Due to the dwell time of the flowing gas mixture of 0 2 and N 2 in the overlay field of the microwaves, a thermal plasma is formed with peak temperatures of up to 10,000 Kelvin. If the microwave is pulsed, a cold plasma with a temperature of 1,000-2,000 Kelvin is created. The concentration of the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas is reduced by the plasma introduced into the reaction chamber.
  • Plasma is generally understood to mean an ionized gas or gas mixture. If energy is continuously supplied to these gases, for example in the form of electrical current, they change into a state in which neutral gas molecules are excited and when further energy is supplied, positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons are often produced. This mixture of neutral, positively and negatively charged particles is called plasma.
  • Another possibility of reducing the concentration of pollutants is to convert an easily ionizable noble gas, such as argon, as carrier gas by means of an electric field by means of microwaves into plasma.
  • an easily ionizable noble gas such as argon
  • FIG. 2b shows an arrangement according to the prior art for the removal of pollutants.
  • a microwave generator creates an electromagnetic field. The microwaves generated are reflected by a reflector and generate a plasma that hits the pollutant to be removed through an opening.
  • the pollutant is, for example, dioxin. This greatly increases the Braun molecular motion of the dioxin molecules.
  • the argon plasma removes the dioxin molecules due to the high temperature in a chemical reaction.
  • a disadvantage of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2b is that the generator for generating the microwave has a very high energy consumption, typically requiring an output of 1-10 kW.
  • a plasma is first generated and then the generated plasma is brought into contact with the pollutant to be removed in a separate reaction chamber. The burning flame and the plasma field formed by the reflector are locally separated from one another.
  • the efficiency of the arrangement for eliminating pollutants shown in FIG. 2b is very low due to the high energy requirement.
  • the solution to the problem according to the invention is to generate an alternating voltage which forms a potential difference, i.e. a voltage field in a flame whose voltage form allows a charge to flow from the cathode to the anode, for example a pulsed direct voltage or an alternating voltage superimposed on a direct voltage.
  • a pure AC voltage is not functional and a pure DC voltage is only insufficiently functional to solve the problem according to the invention in a satisfactory manner.
  • the flame forms a dispersion spectrum with a flame resistance, which varies over the frequency range, with the alternating voltage which forms the potential difference.
  • the invention provides a fuel combustion device for burning fuels in an exothermic chemical reaction with a device for supplying the fuels, a combustion chamber for burning the supplied fuels in a flame, and with at least two electrodes through which an electric field is applied to the flame for generation a reaction plasma is applied in the flame, the reaction plasma generated having a high degree of ionization.
  • an electric field is superimposed on the flame.
  • the electric field creates a reaction plasma within the flame. This reaction plasma efficiently burns the supplied fuel so that the concentrations of the pollutants generated during the combustion are minimal.
  • the fuel combustion device according to the invention is characterized by an energy consumption which is below 100 watts for a 10 kW burner, i.e. the electrical energy input is only 0.1% of the total chemical energy input.
  • the supplied fuels are burned almost 100%, whereby undesired by-products in the exhaust gas, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ), are only released in very low concentrations.
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • Incinerators significantly increased.
  • the environmentally harmful toxins, such as dioxins and furans, are almost completely eliminated by the fuel combustion device according to the invention.
  • reaction velocities within the flame are increased by the reaction plasma created in the flame and thus the combustion temperatures.
  • reaction enthalpy depends on how high the reaction rate is.
  • the fuel combustion device for example, hydrocarbon molecules
  • the fuel combustion device according to the invention can increase the energy yield by 1-3%.
  • the energy yield is increased in comparison to conventional fuel combustion devices
  • pollutants can be nitrogen oxides or unburned hydrocarbons, for example.
  • Components of the fuel combustion device can be dimensioned smaller for the same output.
  • the noise emission can be reduced by about 10 decibels.
  • Another advantage of the fuel combustion device according to the invention is that the shape of the flame can be influenced by the applied electrical field. In this way it can be achieved that the combustion flame generated fills the entire combustion chamber or, alternatively, certain spatial sections of the combustion chamber are reached by the flame.
  • the fuel combustion device according to the invention can be used in all devices in which an open fire or an open flame occurs. These are in particular:
  • the essence of the invention is that an electric field is applied to the combustion flame to generate a reaction plasma in the flame.
  • the electrical field is applied to the flame by means of at least two electrodes.
  • the electrodes are connected to a voltage generator.
  • the voltage generator preferably generates an AC voltage.
  • a transformer is provided for step-up transformation of the alternating voltage generated by the voltage generator, with a charge Statistical average shift occurs only in a charge transport direction hm.
  • the applied AC voltage can have different signal forms.
  • the AC voltage generated is almost sinusoidal, the positive half-waves having a larger amplitude than the negative half-waves or vice versa.
  • the alternating voltage generated is pulse-shaped, and there is also a half-wave deviation in the area of the voltage function between the positive and the negative half-function.
  • the voltage generator also generates a DC voltage in addition to the AC voltage.
  • the AC voltage can be a pure sinusoidal AC voltage.
  • the field strength of the electric field applied to the flame is preferably between 0.1 and 10 kV / cm.
  • the frequency of the electric field applied to the flame is between 50 Hz and 2 GHz.
  • the combustion chamber can be open or closed.
  • a combustion medium in which the flame is formed can also be located in the combustion chamber, for example a catalytic burner body or a pore burner body.
  • the combustion chamber is an open space.
  • the combustion chamber is a closed combustion chamber.
  • the fuel supplied can be any fuel.
  • the fuel supplied is a gas mixture.
  • the fuel gas mixture supplied is a hydrocarbon mixture.
  • An electric field is applied to the flame via at least two electrodes in order to generate a reaction plasma.
  • An electrical field for generating a reaction plasma is applied to the flame via at least two electrodes, between which, in one possible embodiment, there is at least one grid electrode for influencing vibrations.
  • An electrical DC field is created by the two electrodes.
  • An electrical AC field is applied by the grid electrodes.
  • This arrangement is equivalent to a tube arrangement, for example a triode or pentode.
  • the grid electrodes take on charge flow control within the flame combustion.
  • At least one electrode preferably has an electrode tip for increasing the field strength of the electrical field.
  • the other electrode is preferably a ring electrode.
  • the two electrodes form a capacitor with the flame, which is connected in an electrical resonant circuit, the flame itself forming an RC element.
  • waste materials such as gauze are burned by the flame in the closed combustion chamber of the fuel combustion device.
  • the shape of the flame in the combustion chamber can be adjusted by changing the field strength and the frequency of the electric field E applied to the flame.
  • the flame can be matched to the spatial dimensioning of the combustion chamber and the field strength and frequency of the applied electrical field preferably adjusted so that the combustion chamber is completely filled.
  • the fuel combustion device according to the invention has a mixing device for premixing the supplied fuels.
  • the ignition is preferably carried out by the application of the electrical field.
  • an additional ignition device is provided for igniting the supplied fuels.
  • An ignition spark for triggering the combustion is generated by this ignition device.
  • At least one of the two electrodes consists of a catalytically active material.
  • This catalytically active material is preferably platinum.
  • one of the two electrodes is designed as an injector electrode, through which the fuels are sprayed into the combustion chamber or fogged by ultrasonic vibrations.
  • one of the two electrodes is designed as a spray electrode.
  • the flame is preferably electrostatically charged by the spray electrode.
  • An alternating electromagnetic field can be coupled into this flame via an antenna system consisting of the ring electrode.
  • the invention also provides a method of burning fuels by flame in an exothermic chemical reaction, comprising the following steps, namely Supplying the fuels in a combustion chamber to generate the flame,
  • An alternating electrical field is preferably applied to the flame.
  • the alternating electrical field can also be coupled into the flame via a waveguide.
  • the alternating electrical field can be generated by a microwave generator.
  • a constant electrical field is applied to the flame.
  • the field strengths of the electric field are preferably between 0.1 kV / cm and 10 kV / cm.
  • the electric field is applied to the flame by at least two electrodes.
  • the field strength of the electrical alternating field superimposed on the direct voltage field is sinusoidal over time in a first embodiment.
  • the field strength of the alternating electric field is pulse-shaped over time.
  • the type of pulsing of a DC voltage is just as important as its pulse curve.
  • the frequency and curve shape of an AC voltage superimposed on DC voltage is also important. If the pulse width decreases with a corresponding pulse edge rise of less than 500 ms or less from lKV / ns, solid fuels are further pulverized within the flame body.
  • the pulse flank rise and the pulse width are a measure of the particulate comminution of solid fuels such as coal dust.
  • a high-frequency and high-voltage combustion reaction is very desirable, since a number of briefly and intensely developing plasma flame phenomena are formed, which lead to a short-term, intensive discharge within the flame.
  • a balance of the energy input can be calculated via the flame resistance.
  • the high-frequency field is operated in such a way that the plasma formed in the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber is thermally in equilibrium, although the energy input can only be pulsed.
  • the high-frequency field of an electrically pulsed or alternating-field superimposed DC voltage field it is achieved that a stationary plasma combustion and thereby a uniform plasma discharge of high intensity is formed, which has only a low tendency to discharge.
  • short-term, high-resistance plasma discharges form within the flame in the form of plasma flashes, which intensively produce energy for radicalizing the hydrocarbon-air mixture.
  • the high-frequency field is operated at a frequency in the MHz range.
  • a high frequency contributes to the formation of the homogeneously stationary plasma combustion which is in thermal equilibrium, during which compensation processes take place by discharges in the form of high-resistance plasma discharges and thus an intense flame reaction.
  • the plasma is generated by a high-frequency field with a steeply rising, pulse-shaped course, in which, in a further embodiment, the steeply rising pulse-shaped course is limited to values less than or equal to approximately 500 V / us.
  • Such voltage curves favor the formation of high-resistance, only briefly burning plasma discharges within the flame.
  • the high-frequency field is regulated to an essentially sinusoidal curve, which can have a steeply rising curve in the region of the edges of the sine function.
  • the plasma discharge is formed from corona and / or streamer discharges on the electrode in order to establish reliable flame contact and to reduce electrode wear.
  • the plasma filaments can spread from the electrode in tufts diverging to the flame.
  • the discharges form between a single electrode on the flame in the combustion chamber.
  • This has the advantage that the geometry of the at least one electrode causes an increase in the field strength of the high-frequency field, which leads to the formation of short-term plasma discharges into the flame.
  • Such a concentration of the effects of the high-frequency field on the flame allows the flame to be ignited safely and to be operated safely.
  • the combustion capacity is a dynamic flame control factor and can be used as a control-dynamic flame optimization constant.
  • Flames are excited to oscillate at self-resonance at certain frequencies.
  • the oscillation of the flame can be frequency controlled.
  • the frequency of the alternating electrical field is preferably between 50 Hz and 2 GHz.
  • the supplied fuels are ignited by applying the electric field, the exothermic chemical reaction being triggered.
  • an ignition device is additionally provided, by means of which the supplied fuels are ignited.
  • the fuels are first mixed stoichiometrically by a mixing device and then fed to the combustion chamber.
  • the fuels are preferably sprayed into the combustion chamber.
  • the invention also provides a low-emission internal combustion engine with a fuel supply device for supplying fuel, at least one combustion chamber for burning the supplied fuel in an explosion flame, each fuel chamber each having at least two electrodes through which an electric field is applied to the explosion flame to generate a reaction plasma can be created.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably formed by an engine cylinder and an engine piston movable therein for power transmission.
  • the first electrode of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably a tip electrode.
  • the second electrode of the internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably formed by the grounded engine cylinder.
  • the first electrode is connected to a direct voltage source.
  • This DC voltage source is preferably connected in series to an oscillating circuit, which consists of a capacitor with an oscillating circuit coil.
  • a pulse signal is preferably coupled into this resonant circuit coil via a further coil.
  • the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit is preferably between 50 Hz and 2 GHz.
  • the internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine.
  • the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine.
  • the fuel supplied is ignited by the applied electric field to generate an explosion flame.
  • the invention also provides a waste incinerator for burning waste materials having a combustion chamber for burning the waste materials therein in a flame, and having at least two electrodes through which an electric field is applied to the flame to produce a reaction piasma.
  • the combustion chamber is a rotary drum furnace.
  • the first electrode is preferably formed by a pointed electrode and the second electrode is preferably formed by a furnace jacket electrode.
  • the first electrode is formed by a needle electrode grid and the second electrode by a grate combustion grid.
  • the combustion chamber has a first opening for supplying supply air and a second opening for extracting exhaust air.
  • the invention also provides a heating furnace for burning fuels in an exothermic chemical reaction with a device for supplying the fuels, a combustion chamber for burning the supplied fuels in a flame, and with at least two electrodes through which an electric field is applied to the flame Generation of a reaction plasma with a high degree of ionization can be applied, a medium being heated by the flame.
  • the medium is preferably the ambient air.
  • the heated medium is preferably fed to a heat exchanger.
  • Waste incinerator and the heating furnace according to the invention described with reference to the accompanying figures to explain the features of the invention.
  • FIG. 2a shows a plasma jet generator according to the state of the art
  • FIG. 2b shows a pollutant catalyst according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the fuel device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4b shows a second embodiment of the tip electrode used in the fuel combustion device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the fuel combustion device according to the invention
  • FIG. 6a shows a third embodiment of the fuel combustion device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6b shows the third embodiment of the fuel combustion device according to the invention shown in FIG. 6a in a control loop
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the fuel combustion device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows an AC voltage applied to the electrodes according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a further AC voltage signal applied to the electrodes in accordance with a further embodiment of the fuel combustion device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further voltage signal applied to the electrodes in accordance with a further embodiment of the fuel device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further AC voltage signal which is applied to the electrodes of the fuel combustion device according to the invention in accordance with a further embodiment
  • FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of the fuel combustion device according to the invention in a resonant circuit
  • FIG. 13 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 shows a low-emission internal combustion engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 15a shows a pulse signal which is coupled into the resonant circuit of the internal combustion engine according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 15b shows an AC voltage signal applied to the tip electrode of the internal combustion engine according to the invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 shows a first embodiment of the waste incineration device according to the invention
  • FIG. 17 shows a second embodiment of the waste incineration device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic arrangement of the combustion device 1 according to the invention.
  • the fuel combustion device 1 is used to burn fuels in an exothermic chemical reaction.
  • the fuel combustion device 1 has a device 2 for supplying fuels.
  • the fuels are a gas mixture.
  • the gases to be burned are fed to a mixing device 3, which pre-mixes the gases to be burned by stochiometric means and delivers the fuel mixture via a gas line 2.
  • the gas line 2 has an outlet opening 4 through which the gas mixture flows.
  • a ring electrode 5 is arranged in a ring around the outlet opening 4 and connected to a voltage generator 7 via a line 6.
  • the voltage generator 7 is connected to a tip electrode 9 via a line 8.
  • the electric field E ignites the outflowing gas mixture, which burns in a combustion flame 10.
  • the flame 10 has a flame core 10a and a flame jacket 10b.
  • the flame 10 burns in a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is open.
  • the combustion chamber is a closed combustion chamber.
  • the electrical field E applied to the flame 10 generates a reaction plasma in the flame 10 that has a high degree of ionization.
  • the AC voltage applied to the two electrodes 9, 5 preferably has a frequency f between 50 Hz and 2 GHz.
  • the AC voltage can be sinusoidal or pulse-shaped.
  • the voltage generator 7 preferably additionally generates a direct voltage, so that in addition to the alternating electrical field, a direct electrical field is also applied to the flame 10.
  • the field strength of applied electric field E is preferably 0.1-10 kV / cm.
  • the applied electric field E which consists of a direct electric field and an alternating electric field, creates ions and electrons in the flame.
  • the most important reaction phases in the combustion process of redox-reactive exothermic reactions are thermal radicalization, cracking and the redox-reactive fire reaction.
  • the thermal radicalization and the plasma formation is intensified by the applied electric field E.
  • the radicals formed maintain their energy state until a redox reaction partner triggers the chemical redox reaction.
  • the reaction time of the redox reaction decreases with the increasing degree of radicalization of the redox reaction partners. As a result, the exothermic temperature gradient increases. The temperature within the flame 10 and thus the combustion efficiency n are also increased.
  • the supplied fuel molecules are thermally cracked.
  • the applied electric field E accelerates the bringing together of the radicalized and ionized redox reaction partners, so that the reaction speed increases sharply.
  • the electrochemical equilibrium of the combustion reaction is shifted by the electric field E.
  • the static, electrodynamic and combustion kinetic parameters are changed.
  • the burn-up times are reduced.
  • the reaction plasma of the flame has a very high degree of ionization I.
  • the flame resistance R of the plasma generated is lower than the electrical resistance of an ordinary flame.
  • the degree of ionization I that occurs within the plasma depends on the frequency, the slope and the pulse ratio of the applied AC voltage U.
  • the alternating electric field is designed with respect to the field strength and the frequency such that the degree of ionization I within the flame is optimal.
  • the ratio of the starting products of the chemical redox reaction to one another can be influenced by setting the field strength and the frequency of the applied electric field E. If, for example, two substances A, B react to the starting products C, D, the ratio f of the starting products C, D can be influenced by the frequency f and the field strength of the electric field E applied to the flame 10. With the fuel device 1 according to the invention, it is therefore possible to specifically reduce the proportion of harmful fuel products.
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B show different embodiments of the tip electrode 9 within the fuel device 1 according to the invention.
  • the tip electrodes 9a and 9b compress the field lines and thus locally increase the field strength.
  • a wire 11a with a diameter of 1/10 to 1/100 mm is accommodated in a jacket 12a.
  • the casing 12a consists of an insulation material or a ceramic, such as quartz.
  • This wire 11a is connected to the voltage generator 7 via the line 8.
  • a ball 13a At the end of the lead wire 11a there is a ball 13a, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the wire 11a.
  • the wire 11a conventionally consists of a tungsten-steel alloy.
  • the bullet 13a also consists of a tungsten steel alloy before ignition. After ignition, a layer of tungsten carbite is formed in the ball 13a, which is resistant to high temperatures.
  • FIG. 4B shows an alternative embodiment of the tip electrode 9.
  • the tip electrode 9b has a conical tip 13b. Due to the conical tip 13b, a particularly high field strength density is achieved.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the fuel combustion device 1 according to the invention.
  • a transformer 14 is additionally provided, which contains a first coil 14a and a second coil 14b.
  • the alternating voltage generated by the voltage source 7 is stepped up by the transformer 14 in accordance with the turns ratio of the two coils 14a, 14b.
  • the highly transformed alternating voltage is applied via lines 6, 8 to the two electrodes 5, 9 to generate an alternating electrical field.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 enables particularly high electrical field strengths to be achieved.
  • FIG. 6A shows a third embodiment of the fuel combustion device 1 according to the invention.
  • the counter electrode 9 is not formed by a tip electrode, but by a counter electrode 9, which surrounds a glass cylinder made of insulation material.
  • the cylinder 15, which consists of an insulating material, is coated with the counter electrode 9.
  • the interior of the cylinder 15 forms the combustion chamber for the flame 10.
  • the cylinder 15 is preferably a quartz tube.
  • the flame 10 absorbs electrical charge via the quartz 15 so that a capacitive reactive current can flow due to the alternating electrical field. If a DC voltage is additionally applied to the electrodes 5 and 9 by the voltage generator 7, a small DC current additionally flows.
  • FIG. 6B shows the third embodiment of the fuel combustion device 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 6A in a control loop.
  • the flame 10 burns the supplied gas mixture and emits exhaust gases upwards to an exhaust gas detector 16.
  • the exhaust gas detector 16 detects the chemical composition of the exhaust gas and detects the proportion of pollutants, for example the proportion of nitrogen oxide within the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas detector 16 supplies data to a controller 18 via a data line 17, the data supplied indicating the proportion of the pollutants to be eliminated in the exhaust gas.
  • the controller 18 controls the amplitude (U) and the frequency f of the voltage U generated by the voltage generator 7 via control lines 19. As a result, the amplitude
  • the controller 8 changes the frequency and the amplitude of the voltage until a minimal pollutant content is detected by the exhaust gas detector 16.
  • the control shown in FIG. 6B enables particularly environmentally friendly heating furnaces to be implemented.
  • the generation of the plasma within the flame 10 minimizes the amount of pollutants.
  • the frequency f and the amplitude of the applied electric field E are regulated in such a way that the concentration of the emitted pollutants is minimal.
  • the controller 18 is programmable for various fuel gas mixtures supplied by the mixer 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the fuel combustion device 1 according to the invention.
  • the counter electrode is formed by the earth or mass.
  • the advantage of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is that a counter or tip electrode does not have to be provided.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show different signal profiles of the voltage U applied to the electrodes 5, 9.
  • the voltage profile shown in FIG. 8 is a sinusoidal AC voltage which is superimposed on a DC voltage Un.
  • the ratio of the amplitude of the AC voltage is
  • FIG. 10 shows a further possible signal form of the applied AC voltage signal, the rising signal edge being steeper than the falling signal edge.
  • the AC voltage signal applied is pulse-shaped.
  • the rising signal edge has an edge steepness of 2 kV / ms, for example. This allows particularly high ionization gradients to be achieved within the flame.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further variant of an AC voltage signal applied to the electrodes 5, 9.
  • the AC voltage signal shown in FIG. 11 is pulse-shaped.
  • the pulse ratio which results from the ratio between the duration of the pulse ⁇ tpuis and the pulse repetition time ⁇ t Pau se, is preferably about 1/3.
  • the slope of the voltage pulses is, for example, 2 kV / ms. Typical amplitudes of the voltage pulses are 8 kV.
  • Figure 12 shows the position shown in Figure 6A third Ausfuh ⁇ approximate shape of the inventive Brennstoffverbrennungsvor- device 1 in a resonant circuit.
  • the voltage U generated by the voltage generator 7 is applied to the secondary circuit via a capacitor 21 and a transformer 22, which consists of two coupled coils 22a, 22b.
  • the ring electrode 5 is connected to the secondary coil 22b via a line 23.
  • the counter electrode 9 is connected via a line 24 to a DC voltage source 25.
  • the flame jacket 10b of the flame 10 forms a counter electrode to the cylindrical electrode 9.
  • the flame jacket 10b forms a capacitor surface. Energy is coupled in via the resonant circuit.
  • the secondary resonant circuit consists of the coupling inductor 22b and a capacitor. This capacitor is formed by the counter electrode jacket 9, the flame jacket 10b and the air dielectric.
  • FIG. 13 shows the equivalent circuit diagram for the resonant circuit shown in FIG. 12.
  • the electrode 9 and the flame jacket 10b form a capacitor 26 to which the flame resistor 27 is connected in parallel.
  • a DC bias of 1 to 10 KV is applied by the DC voltage source 25.
  • the resonance circuit stabilizes the flame in terms of its shape and its burning behavior.
  • the secondary resonant circuit is an RCL resonant circuit.
  • the resonant circuit has a resonance frequency f R.
  • the Flame can act from a half-open resonant circuit or as CLOSED ⁇ sener resonant circuit.
  • the flame 10 acts as an open resonance circuit or as an antenna, the flame body itself acting as an energy absorber.
  • FIG 14 is a preferred embodiment of a harmful ⁇ -lean combustion engine according to the invention.
  • the internal combustion engine has a fuel supply device, not shown, for supplying fuel.
  • the fuel is fed into a closed combustion chamber 28 as a combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 28 is formed by an engine cylinder 29 and an engine piston 20 movable therein, which is provided for power transmission.
  • a tip electrode 9 projects into the combustion chamber 28. Preferred embodiments of such a tip electrode 9 are shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B.
  • the piston 30 is movable up to a top dead center TDC within the engine cylinder 29.
  • the tip electrode 9 extends into the combustion chamber 28 up to a distance L1.
  • the distance between the top of the combustion chamber and top dead center OT is L2.
  • the distance Ll is greater than the difference between L2 and Ll.
  • a voltage pulse is coupled into the resonant circuit coil 31b via a transformer 31, which comprises two coils 31a, 31b.
  • a capacitor 32 is connected in parallel to the oscillating circuit coil 31b.
  • a DC voltage source 32 is connected in series between the tip electrode 9 and the oscillating circuit coil 31b.
  • the counter electrode to the tip electrode 9 is preferably formed by the grounded motor cylinder 29.
  • the voltage signal shown in FIG. 15b is present at the tip electrode 9.
  • the voltage U 1 is coupled into the oscillating circuit coil 31 b by the transformer 31, so that the oscillating circuit consisting of the capacitor 32 and the coil 31 begins to oscillate.
  • the generated vibration is damped, so that its amplitude decreases.
  • the amplitude of the pulse-shaped voltage generated by the voltage generator is, for example, 2 KV.
  • the intervals between the different voltage pulses of the voltage signal Ul is determined by the number of revolutions of the motor.
  • the oscillating circuit 31b, 32 applies an oscillating, decaying sinusoidal alternating voltage signal to the tip electrode 9, to which a direct voltage Un is superimposed.
  • the voltage signal thus formed is shown in Figure 15B.
  • the fuel mixture supplied to the combustion chamber is ignited by the first pulse of a voltage pulse sequence.
  • the plasma formed in the explosion flame is maintained by the subsequent voltage pulses of the pulse sequence.
  • the ignition preferably takes place shortly before the piston 30 has reached the top dead center TDC.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention does not require an independent ignition device. This can optionally be provided in addition.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention is a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.
  • the frequency f of the voltage pulses generated by the oscillating circuit 31b, 32 can be in a range between 50 Hz and 2 GHz.
  • the internal combustion engine shown in Figure 14 according to the invention is characterized by a particularly simple structure. A conventional spark plug is not required for ignition.
  • the ignition takes place through the tip electrode 9. By generating the plasma within the explosion flame, the combustion within the combustion chamber 28 takes place particularly effectively with a high efficiency. ciency.
  • the proportion of pollutants formed is particularly low due to the plasma formed in the explosion flame.
  • FIG. 16 shows a first embodiment of a waste incineration device 33 according to the invention.
  • the waste incineration device 33 as shown in FIG. 16, has a combustion chamber 34, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 is a rotary drum furnace 34.
  • the rotary drum furnace 34 is continuously rotated by roller drives 36, 37.
  • the waste material 38 to be incinerated is located on the bottom of the rotary drum oven 34.
  • the waste material 38 is introduced through an opening within the rotary drum oven 34.
  • a tip electrode 9 projects into the rotary drum furnace 34.
  • the tip electrode 9 is connected to the voltage generator 7 via a line 8.
  • the voltage generator 7 generates an AC voltage and a DC voltage.
  • the generated voltage is applied to a furnace jacket electrode 39 via a line 6.
  • the generated voltage U for garbage combustion is between 30 and 45 kV, for example.
  • FIG. 17 shows an alternative embodiment of a waste incineration device 33.
  • the first electrode is formed by a needle electrode grid 40 and the second electrode by a grate combustion grid, ie by an insulated mesh band 41.
  • the combustion Room 34 has a first opening 42 for supplying supply air and a second opening 43 for extracting exhaust air.
  • the combustion device 1 according to the invention is also suitable for the construction of
  • the flame 10 heats the ambient air as an energy transmission medium.
  • the ambient air is then fed to a heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de combustion d'un combustible (1) servant à la combustion de combustibles dans une réaction chimique exothermique, comprenant des moyens (2) d'alimentation en combustibles, une chambre de combustion servant à la combustion des combustibles alimentés, dans une flamme (10), et au moins deux électrodes (5, 9) par l'intermédiaire desquelles un champ électrique (E) est appliqué à la flamme (10), en vue de produire un plasma réactionnel dans ladite flamme (10), le plasma réactionnel produit ayant un haut degré d'ionisation.
PCT/EP2003/002976 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un combustible WO2003081130A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/507,689 US20050208442A1 (en) 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Fuel combustion device
EP03714869A EP1490630B1 (fr) 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Dispositif de combustion d'un combustible
DE50304472T DE50304472D1 (de) 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Brennstoffverbrennungsvorrichtung
AU2003219092A AU2003219092A1 (en) 2002-03-22 2003-03-21 Fuel combustion device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10212995.9 2002-03-22
DE10212995 2002-03-22

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WO2003081130A1 true WO2003081130A1 (fr) 2003-10-02

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US (1) US20050208442A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1490630B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE335167T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003219092A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50304472D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2272962T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003081130A1 (fr)

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WO2009089830A3 (fr) * 2008-01-18 2011-12-29 Innovent E.V. Technologieentwicklung Dispositif et procédé pour maintenir et activer une flamme
RU2482391C1 (ru) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-20 Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН (ИХФ РАН) Способ увеличения скорости горения
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WO2004059209A1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour influencer des processus de combustion pour des combustibles
WO2006067108A1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour influencer des processus de combustion
US7845937B2 (en) 2004-12-20 2010-12-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for influencing combustion processes
DE102007025551A1 (de) 2007-05-31 2008-12-11 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Brennstoffen
US8601819B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2013-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for the combustion of hydrocarbon-containing fuels
WO2009089830A3 (fr) * 2008-01-18 2011-12-29 Innovent E.V. Technologieentwicklung Dispositif et procédé pour maintenir et activer une flamme
RU2482391C1 (ru) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-20 Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН (ИХФ РАН) Способ увеличения скорости горения
CN104395673A (zh) * 2012-05-31 2015-03-04 克利尔赛恩燃烧公司 低NOx燃烧器和操作低NOx燃烧器的方法
CN104395673B (zh) * 2012-05-31 2016-11-30 克利尔赛恩燃烧公司 低NOx燃烧器和操作低NOx燃烧器的方法
US20140287368A1 (en) * 2013-03-23 2014-09-25 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Premixed flame location control
CN111663996A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-15 四川升能泰科技有限公司 一种油电混合系统及汽车

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EP1490630A1 (fr) 2004-12-29
ATE335167T1 (de) 2006-08-15
EP1490630B1 (fr) 2006-08-02
DE50304472D1 (de) 2006-09-14
ES2272962T3 (es) 2007-05-01
AU2003219092A1 (en) 2003-10-08
US20050208442A1 (en) 2005-09-22

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