WO2003069798A1 - Procede et systeme de communication - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003069798A1
WO2003069798A1 PCT/AU2003/000144 AU0300144W WO03069798A1 WO 2003069798 A1 WO2003069798 A1 WO 2003069798A1 AU 0300144 W AU0300144 W AU 0300144W WO 03069798 A1 WO03069798 A1 WO 03069798A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
transceivers
master
transceiver
slave
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2003/000144
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brian Edward Ferris
Original Assignee
Brian Edward Ferris
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brian Edward Ferris filed Critical Brian Edward Ferris
Priority to AU2003202624A priority Critical patent/AU2003202624A1/en
Publication of WO2003069798A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003069798A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/12—Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7232—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes involving compression of the physiological signal, e.g. to extend the signal recording period
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
    • H04W74/06—Scheduled or contention-free access using polling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a communication system and method. 5
  • the invention has particular but not exclusive application to communication systems and methods, and components therefor, for use in a discrete environment such as a high-rise building.
  • the invention has particular application to an interface device programmable to receive and/or transmit remote commands from and/or to diverse equipment within the discrete environment.
  • the invention also relates to a method of receiving and/or transmitting 10 remote commands from and/or to diverse equipment within the discrete environment.
  • the invention has particular application to a radio network for communication within the discrete environment.
  • the invention also relates to a method of radio communication within the discrete environment.
  • the invention has particular application to a bio-recognition system for 15 controlling access within the discrete environment, and to a method of controlling access within the discrete environment.
  • the communications preferably provide rapid response times and need to be highly reliable.
  • High rise building provide an environment particularly unkind to electronic and wireless communications because of interference from sources such as high electrical noise, high attenuation, and reflections.
  • Communication systems preferably provide for reuse in the same or adjacent buildings.
  • Known building control systems typically consist of distributed sensors and controlled
  • Bio - Recognition systems are based on identifying unique aspects of a person's anatomy and using this "key” to provide recognition with high integrity. The best of these systems require matching of hundreds or thousands of elements.
  • the "key” is typically stored on a central computer and the "image" at the recognition unit passed to the central computer for comparison with the key.
  • Some systems utilise a hierarchy of comparisons based on critical points. Matching of the higher level points provides a tree search to construct a match and recognition. These approaches require a high bandwidth communications channel between the recognition unit and the computer. Typically these channels are required to be two way to allow the tree search to occur.
  • a number of passive tag systems have been developed. In these systems a sensor station excites the tag. The excited tag broadcasts its identification, which is received and the tag identified by the sensor station.
  • the present invention aims to provide an alternative to known communication systems and methods, and components therefor.
  • This invention in one aspect resides broadly in an interface device constituting a slave transceiver programmable to receive and/or transmit remote commands and/or data from and/or to master transceivers and monitors and/or controllers within a discrete environment, the interface device including:- means for transferring modulated data between the slave transceivers and the master transceiver, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots.
  • the expression "discrete environment” is to be given a broad meaning. The expression includes buildings (and particularly high rise buildings), mines (whether pit or open-cut), off-shore platforms, industrial complexes, workshops etc.
  • the expression “monitors and/or controllers” is to be given a broad meaning.
  • the expression includes (by way of non-limiting example), temperature sensors, smoke detectors, presence detectors, motion detectors, personal identifiers, lift controllers, warning controllers, equipment controllers, access controllers and all other sensors, controllers, monitors and equivalent which have an effect or input into any operational aspect of an environment or equipment in the environment.
  • the means for transferring modulated data includes a radio transceiver. It is preferred that the modulated data is frequency modulated.
  • the interface device is adapted:- to monitor and discern connected multi-facet signals from a master transceiver; to formulate a pre-programmed signal response for transmission to a master transceiver; to convert the response to a compressed digital prioritised package; to monitor the availability of in-coming time synchronised packages, and to transmit an interference-free response to a master transceiver so positioned in the discrete environment to provide interference-free transmission between the interface device and the master transceiver.
  • the interface device includes a printed circuit board on which is mounted an application specific integrated circuit including:- microprocessor means programmable by application specific software; memory means for storing the application specific software; timing means; means for generating, allocating and synchronising the time slots, and input/output means including at least some of data radio interface means, analog interface means, digital interface means, voltage interface means, current interface means, voltage free contact means, signal sensor means and serial interface means.
  • this invention resides broadly in a method of receiving and/or transmitting remote commands and/or data from and/or to master transceivers and monitors and/or controllers within a discrete environment, the method including:- transferring modulated data between the master transceivers and the slave transceivers, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots.
  • this invention resides broadly in a method of receiving and/or transmitting remote commands and/or data from and/or to master transceivers and monitors and/or controllers within a discrete environment, the method including:- providing an interface device constituting a programmable slave transceiver including means for transferring modulated data between the slave transceivers and the master transceiver, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots; monitoring and discerning connected multi-facet signals from a master transceiver; formulating a pre-programmed signal response for transmission to a master transceiver; converting the response to a compressed digital prioritised package; monitoring the availability of in-coming time synchronised packages, and transmitting an interference-free response to a master transceiver so positioned in the discrete environment to provide interference-free transmission between the interface device and the master transceiver.
  • this invention resides broadly in a radio network for communication within a discrete environment, the radio network including:- a base control facility, a plurality of zone transceivers and a plurality of site transceivers associated with monitors and/or controllers in the discrete environment; the base control facility communicating to and from the zone transceivers, and the zone transceivers communicating to and from the base facility and to and from the site transceivers; the base control facility and the zone transceivers when transmitting constituting master transceivers, and the zone transceivers when receiving and the site transceivers constituting slave transceivers; and means for transferring modulated data between the master transceivers and the slave transceivers, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots.
  • this invention resides broadly in a method of radio communication within a discrete environment, the method including:- establishing a communication network having a base control facility, a plurality of zone transceivers and a plurality of site transceivers associated with monitors and/or controllers in the discrete environment; the base control facility communicating to and from the zone transceivers, and the zone transceivers communicating to and from the base facility and to and from the site transceivers; the base control facility and the zone transceivers when transmitting constituting master transceivers, and the zone transceivers when receiving and the site transceivers constituting slave transceivers; and transferring modulated data between the master transceivers and the slave transceivers, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots.
  • the modulated data is transferred by minimum shift keying (MSK).
  • MSK minimum shift keying
  • time slots include a lead-in time frame providing reference timing to a slave transceiver and facilitating data recovery at a master transceiver.
  • a time slot includes a data frame whereby a slave transceiver indicates to a master transceiver its status, the amount of data to be transferred and the estimated requirement for the next time slot.
  • the master transceivers constantly poll the slave transceivers.
  • interference monitoring means monitor interference or noise on the radio transmission spectrum within the discrete environment, and the master transceivers do not allocate a time frame for a transmission from a slave transceiver upon detection of the interference or noise.
  • the slave transceivers are preferably enabled to transmit data to a master transceiver if they receive a broadcast from a master transceiver allocating a time slot to the slave transceiver, if the message received in the broadcast is error free and if the slave transceiver is synchronised with the time slots and data frame of the master transceiver.
  • this invention resides broadly in a bio-recognition system for controlling access at locations within a discrete environment, the system including:- sensing means at the locations for sensing a bio-recognisable feature of a person or object requiring access to or within the discrete environment; conversion means for converting the sensed bio-recognisable feature into sensed bio- recognisable data; an interface device at the locations constituting a slave transceiver programmable to receive and/or transmit remote commands and/or data from and/or to master transceivers within the discrete environment, the interface device including means for transferring modulated data between the slave transceivers and the master transceivers, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots, and passive identification means for each person, the identification means being excitable proximate a location within the discrete environment for transmission of an identification of the person or object to the interface device; whereby authorised bio-recognisable data of a person or object which is stored in a cental control facility is
  • this invention resides broadly in a method of controlling access at locations within a discrete environment, the method including:- sensing at the locations a bio-recognisable feature of a person or object requiring access to or within the discrete environment; converting the sensed bio-recognisable feature into sensed bio-recognisable data; providing an interface device at the locations constituting a slave transceiver programmable to receive and/or transmit remote commands and/or data from and/or to master transceivers within the discrete environment, the interface device including means for transferring modulated data between the slave transceivers and the master transceivers, wherein the modulated data is transferred in time slots, and exciting passive identification means for the person or objectproximate a location within the discrete environment for transmission of an identification of the person or object to the interface device; transmitting authorised bio-recognisable data of a person or object which is stored in a cental control facility therefrom to the interface device at the location upon excitation of the passive identification means of the person
  • the transferred data is prioritised time packaged metadata. It is also preferred that the means for transferring the modulated data includes a first radio transceiver for communicating with the monitors and/or controllers on a first frequency and a second radio transceiver for communicating with the master transceiver on a second frequency.
  • FIG 1 is an annotated block diagram of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mounted on a printed circuit board and constituting the interface device of a first aspect of the invention and referred to herein as a Wireless All-purpose Secure Communications Interface Module (WASCIM);
  • FIG 2 illustrates the WASCIM in an annotated typical data radio block diagram;
  • FIG 3 illustrates a typical radio network in accordance with the invention;
  • FIG 4 illustrates a typical time slots/data frame allocation utilised in the radio network in accordance with the invention
  • FIG 5 is a block diagram of the bio-recognitio ⁇ /passive tag system of the present invention
  • FIG 6 illustrates the relative location of a passive tag reader and a bio-recognition station
  • FIG 7 illustrates the sequence of events during an access cycle of the bio-recognition system of the present invention
  • FIGS a to 10 illustrate various practical embodiments of the present invention in a discrete environment such as a high rise building;
  • FIG 1 1 illustrates the connectivity between Zone Interface Modules (ZIMs) arranged throughout a captured radio network, WASCIMs and a building Network management Portal (NMP);
  • ZIMs Zone Interface Modules
  • WASCIMs Wireless Radio Service
  • NMP building Network management Portal
  • FIG 12 is a schematic illustration of an NMP
  • FIG 13 is an annotated block diagram illustrating another preferred embodiment of a WASCIM
  • FIG 14 illustrates the interaction of a typical field of WASCIMs with a ZIM and an NMP
  • FIG 15 illustrates a typical radio field with WASCIMs communicating with their closest ZIM and the ZIM retransmitting priority signals as called up in a pre-arranged time slot loading format by the NMP
  • FIG 16 is a typical interface layout within a building providing a secure access energy control system.
  • CRN Network Management Portal
  • NMP Network Management Portal
  • Bio-Recognition/Passive Tag Captured intelligent
  • the WASCIM functions may be provided in part by a microprocessor having specialised electronic functions. These functions include power supply, wakeup timer for low power applications, the precise time reference synchronised to the Master's transmissions, MSK modulation and data recovery, frequency synthesis of transmit and receive frequencies, analog and digital interfaces including pulse counting, serial interfaces to Bio Recognition and Passive tag stations, and serial interfaces to intelligent input outputs.
  • the latter may be RS 232 or RS 485 signal levels.
  • ASIC mounted on a small PCB. This constitutes the WASCIM.
  • the function of the WASCIM is to send brief batches of information in an encrypted form having full address information that is decoded at the base station. Protection is provided against high electrical and magnetic noise, error detection and correction particularly in the presence of highly reflective radio paths.
  • the system uses dynamic master controlled response time, by using time slot allocations, so as to provide maximum use and efficiency of the radio spectrum. This allows reuse of different systems in close proximity to each other and even in the same building.
  • Preferred features of the ASIC include the following :- Microprocessor based for flexible applications. User application specific software downloadable and stored. Time reference. Time slot generation, application and synchronisation (slave).
  • Efficient realtime compression of serial data Error detection and forward error correction. Row column inversion for burst noise protection. Digital, analog and serial interface. MSK radio interface.
  • the ASIC provides the voltage controlled oscillator required to provide a precise short-term frequency reference locked to the Master Station.
  • this block may provide the slot timing to the microprocessor for data transmission.
  • Discrete electronics may be used to lift this processing load from the microprocessor where it may be provided in alternative concepts.
  • This block may be stabilised by an extemal quartz crystal.
  • the crystal oscillator of this block may provide the microprocessor clock. Data Radio Interface.
  • This block provides MSK or QMSK modulation and data recovery for the data radio. Including these specialised circuits on the ASIC and optimising them for the application provides major savings in component count, reduces the cost and improves the reliability and performance of the system. Frequency Synthesiser.
  • This block provides the receiver local oscillator and the transmit frequency generation. Inclusion of this block in the ASIC allows sharing of the crystal oscillator with the frequency reference, microprocessor timing, and synthesiser. Direct control of the synthesiser to meet the frequency agility requirements of the system may also be simplified by inclusion of this block in the ASIC.
  • circuits may be matched the signal level, noise immunity, isolation, and accuracy required by the WASCIM applications. Integration may provide economic implementation of special combinations of characteristic, which may otherwise be prohibitive in a small low cost unit.
  • circuits may be matched the signal level, noise immunity, isolation, and input/output types required by the WASCIM applications.
  • the types may include pulse-counting inputs and pulse regenerated outputs. Integration may provide economic implementation of special combinations of characteristic, which may otherwise be prohibitive in a small low cost unit. This interface may provide expansion using low cost generally available devices.
  • the Bio Recognition stations and the Passive Tag stations require serial interfaces at a Slave.
  • the serial interface may also provide connection to intelligent input output devices.
  • Master units may require serial interfaces to control computer and broad band communications bearers.
  • Provision of a number of serial interfaces and their driver receiver circuits are typically expensive in component count and space requirements. Integration of these circuits may provide lower cost, high reliability and allow flexibility in the number and type of signal levels accommodated by the serial ports at a Master or Slave.
  • the ASCI may be soft configured to provide a RS-232 serial port for a Bio Recognition Station while at another it may be soft configured to provide a RS-485 to communicate with a number of intelligent input /output devices connected to a multi-drop cable pair. Power Supply.
  • Provision of the power supply on the ASIC provides obvious saving in component count and distribution to the WASCIM circuit blocks. Timer.
  • a timer to provide wakeup for low power consumption applications may be integrated with the frequency reference and slot generation circuitry to ensure the operation of the timer is synchronised to the requirements to maintain reference lock and receive slot broadcasts.
  • FIG 1 is annotated to facilitate understanding and conveniently indicate the relationship between the various components within WASCIM 11 which include power supply 12, RAM 13, flash EPROM 14, EEPROM 15 and CPU 16 (which may all be external to the ASIC), Input/output 17, timer 18, radio transceiver 25, data radio interface 19, frequency synthesiser 20, time reference voltage control oscillator 21 , analog interface 22, digital interface 23, and data interface 24.
  • FIG 13 is annotated to facilitate understanding and conveniently indicate the relationship between the various components within WASCIM 113 which include ASIC 114, power supply 115, serial data passive tag interface 116, data interface fingerprint interface 117, data radio interface 118, compression module 119, time reference VCO 120, microprocessor 121 , data protocol 122, serial input/output 123, analog interface 124, radio transceiver 125 and remote equipment interface connections 126.
  • ASIC 114 ASIC 114
  • power supply 115 serial data passive tag interface 116
  • data interface fingerprint interface 117 data radio interface 118
  • compression module 119 time reference VCO 120
  • microprocessor 121 data protocol 122
  • serial input/output 123 analog interface 124
  • radio transceiver 125 radio transceiver
  • remote equipment interface connections 126 remote equipment interface connections
  • High throughput of serial data devices is provided by data compression, multiple time slot allocation and dynamic priority hold of status traffic during transfer of serial data.
  • Low powered, short-range (100 meters) communication status devices may be battery powered.
  • the wireless communications system constitutes another aspect of the present invention and is specifically suited for use in difficult radio environments, where sensors and controlled devices are distributed throughout a large site or building.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a typical radio system in accordance with this aspect of the invention.
  • the system uses one or more Master stations 38, each Master 38 communicating with a number of Slave stations 35,36,37. Where a slave (37) may be shielded by shielding 39 from a Master station 38 another slave (36) may be used to repeat the message to the shielded slave 37.
  • the radio system transfers data by Minimum Shift Keying on a class licensed frequency, the capture effect of the frequency modulation allowing each receiver to be captured by the operating transmitter. While low power is used, the system is designed so that the wanted transmitter is stronger than other transmitters, which may be on the same frequency. This occurs due to the shielding the local environment provides to outside transmitters and by matching the transmit power, aerials, and distance between transmitters and receivers.
  • Zone Interface Modules provide a reliable secure interface capability with all equipment fitted with a WASCIM wherever it is located within the building.
  • the ZIMs are the programmed radio link to the Main Base Station Radio Transceiver. If interference blocks one path, the WASCIM communicates through to the next ZIM available. In the event of burst noise or site RF interference blocking the radio path, the Base station can divert and read any output signal through another zone interface. In a worst case, the base station puts the system on temporary hold until the spectrum is clear if it cannot read all signals clearly.
  • the Captured Radio Network together with full error correction in the data software, provides a secure high integrity network adapted to address typical interference problems found with using radio.
  • FIG 2 is a block diagram which has been annotated to facilitate understanding and indicate the relationship between the various components in a typical data radio network which includes
  • WASCIM ASIC 11 having power supply and switch 12, input/output 17, data radio interface 19, frequency synthesiser 20, reference oscillator and timing reference voltage control oscillator 21 , TX
  • VCO 27 VCO 27, buffer 28, PA 29, TRX switch 30, RF amplifier 31, mixer 32 and IF amplifier 33.
  • Preferred features of the radio system include the following:-
  • the main base station is constantly scanning all ZIMs in the system.
  • the main Base station has a constant poled data stream set up between all ZIM.
  • Signals are compressed and packaged according to priority and transmitted to base in a pre-ordained priority.
  • the system of the present invention utilises time slots for the exchange of data between the Master and Slave and vice versa.
  • GPS Positioning System
  • VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator
  • Each transmission from Master to Slave and Slave to Master occurs in a pre-allocated slot.
  • the Master dynamically allocates the slot allocations.
  • the Master broadcasts at the beginning of a cycle of time slots. This broadcast informs the Slave of the Slots in which they are to transmit.
  • the Master uses the un-allocated slots.
  • the number and timing of the slot is allocated in each successive cycle by the Master.
  • a Slave is only enabled to transmit if it receives a broadcast allocating it a time slot, the message is error free, and the Slave has synchronised its internal clock to the Master.
  • FIG 4 illustrates a number of time slots in a cycle.
  • the slot allocations are broadcast.
  • a data frame may be transmitted in a time slot.
  • the data frame is similar to other MSK data radio systems in that it contains a Lead In of alternative data bits, a unique Frame Flag,
  • the Lead-in provides reference timing to the Slave and assists in data recovery at the Master.
  • the Frame Flag indicates the start of the data frame and provides timing reference to maintain a Slave's VCO.
  • the Station Address indicates the source and destination of the data transmission. A 16 bit CRC to provide error-checking follows the data.
  • the closing Frame Flag confirms the end of the frame and assists slaves to maintain their frequency reference.
  • the data frame allows the Slave to indicate to the Master its Health status, the amount of data to be transferred (and thus allow additional slots to be allocated in the next cycle), and to forecast its next slot requirement based on its current activity.
  • the above approach overcomes the inefficiency (often up to 50% of the channel time) taken while receivers stabilise and synchronise to the data timing.
  • Other features of the radio system of the present invention include the following:- Where a Slave is shielded from the Master, the Slave obtains its reference timing from other Slave transmissions. The data to and from this Slave may be repeated via other Allocated slaves.
  • the Slot allocation provides for the Repeater Slave to advise the Shielded Slave of its Slot Allocation and multiple Slots are allocated to allow the additional Slave transmissions.
  • the system provides high data integrity due to the time slot allocation strategy, the data frame structure, and the error checking.
  • the nature of the application is such that high data volumes and rapid response times are not required by all stations at all times.
  • the unique dynamic allocation of time slots accommodates regular health reporting, high periods of change of state activity and also facilitates priority handling of emergency signals regarding essential services such as fire and gas alarms.
  • the Master controls the reporting strategy.
  • a Master's strategy may be controlled by the need to obtain selective information form the network (eg. repetitively poll a Slave if its data is of particular importance).
  • Further frequency agility can be achieved by using 2 or 3 frequencies in the same class licence band (use the same radio, aerials, etc).
  • a fall back strategy if interference is identified by the Master and/or Slaves, is to listen on another frequency for the timing and slot allocation broadcast.
  • the main radio base station supplies constant de-compressed data stream to the CBS where the data is processed according to the pre-programmed Building Management System.
  • the sensor may develop a health status. This status may be required by the control system on a daily or hourly basis. It may be appropriate that the health status be requested while the data needs to be reported immediately on a change of state.
  • Some sensors such as environment control sensors output an analogue value of 8 to 12 bits that may change by one bit every minute or two. Where the value is slowly changing, quite low reporting rates may be appropriate or it may be more appropriate for the central unit to request the data. Where the value is more rapidly changing or where it changes from slowly varying to rapidly varying, reporting on a percentage change or reporting more often may be necessary.
  • Access control panels eg Fingerprint
  • have data which may consist of a frame 9f 100 to 200 characters sent for each identification which may be up to twenty times a minute per sensor. As seen for illustrative purposes in FIGS 8 to 10, a number of sensors may be required at major entry points. Typically each floor of the building has similar sensors and controlled devices.
  • the data from each floor may typically be concentrated and passed to a central point or number of central points for processing or reporting.
  • FIG 8 which has been annotated to facilitate understanding, there is illustrated a typical discrete environment within a high rise building for example, in which floorings 50 separate the building space into levels transected by a vertically extending fire resistant backbone bearer 51.
  • ZIM 52 is fixed to the ceiling of one level and communicates with WASCIM 54 associated with tag reader 159 and bio-recognition reader 55 located at main door 56.
  • ZIM 53 is fixed to the ceiling of another level and communicates with WASCIM 57 associated with tag reader 158 located at internal door 58.
  • ZIMs 52 and 53 communicate via bearer 51 and bearer interface 59 with computer base station 60.
  • FIG 9 there is illustrated another typical discrete environment within a high rise building for example, in which floorings 61 separate the building space into levels transected by a vertically extending fire resistant backbone bearer 62.
  • ZIM 63 is fixed to the ceiling of one level and communicates with WASCIM 65 associated with pressure mat 66 supporting a safe 66 and with WASCIM 68 associated with infra-red detector 69 located at door 70.
  • ZIM 64 is fixed to the ceiling of another level and communicates with WASCIM 70 associated with window 71 and with WASCIM 62 associated with infra-red detector 73 located at door 74.
  • ZIMs 63 and 64 communicate via bearer 62 and radio interface 75 with computer base station 76.
  • FIG 10 there is illustrated another typical discrete environment within a high rise building for example, in which floorings 76 separate the building space into levels transected by a vertically extending fire resistant backbone bearer 77.
  • ZIM 78 is fixed to the ceiling of one level and communicates with WASCIM 80 associated with pressure mat 82 supporting a safe 81, and with WASCIMs 88 and 92 located at main door 91 and associated with tag reader 89 and bio-recognition reader 90, and with infra-red detector 93 respectively.
  • ZIMs 78 and 79 communicate via bearer 77 and radio interface 96 with computer base station 97.
  • Some plant controls may be located on each floor.
  • Major plant is typically concentrated at one or two locations in the building. When concentrated, the amount of data from all sources may be very large and the bandwidth of the channel to provide the required response time for the system may be large.
  • the system of the present invention is less applicable in providing communications for the concentrated data.
  • Conventional wide bandwidth communication bearers such as coaxial cables, optical fibres or twisted copper pairs may economically provide the centralised bearer.
  • Building design, even in older buildings, may provide for the installation of centralised power and communications services.
  • the captured radio network in accordance with the present invention uses one or more master radio stations.
  • Each master is constantly communicating, with a number of slave stations called - Zone Interface Modules (ZIMs), or Zone Interface Units as above and with reference to FIGS 8- 10 .
  • ZIMs Zone Interface Modules
  • a zone station may be shielded from a master station another zone slave station may be used to repeat the message to the shielded slave.
  • This system is controlled by the NMP or Network Management Portal (see FIG12) and has a network of slave.
  • ZIMs are Radio transceivers set up in every zone within a site and are normally mounted on the ceiling in an enclosure.
  • Each ZIM is fitted with two radio transceivers, one of which is constantly polled by the NMP.
  • the second is interfaced to all WASCIMs within the zone of the building by a preprogrammed time based coordination system.
  • the ZIM thus has the ability to be doing two functions at once, whilst dividing Metadata into priority signals.
  • WASCIMs 127 transmit ID, prioritised, encrypted, compressed, error correction Metadata to ZIM 128, and receive command Metadata from ZIM 128.
  • ZIM 128 transmits prioritised Metadata to NMP 131 which transmits time slotted package loading Metadata and command instructions to ZIM 128.
  • Antennae power for each WASCIM and ZIM is matched and shielded, so that each WASCIM Transceiver is always the dominant signal being transmitting to its adjacent ZIM.
  • a matched signal is transmitted to a ZIM by the shielding of the antennae to give a direct path, making it the dominant signal.
  • the information is gathered by the WASCIM and transposed in a particular way by the ASIC, into a suitable form of Metadata, before it is transmitted through the system.
  • the system operation is based on a WASCIM reporting to its adjacent ZIM, with ID, Priority, error count and Data.
  • the ZIM reports the first three parts of the package to the NMP and loads the data into priority based memory chips. This can be termed Time cycle 1 - WASCIM to ZIM.
  • Time Cycle 2 - ZIM On a second frequency the NMP is also calling up all stored data from each ZIM in an endless stream of time package slots. Any illegal interception of the data stream first has to break the compressed encrypted data. This can be termed Time Cycle 2 - ZIM to NMP.
  • the Metadata command or message signal streams transmitted do not require a start ID or stop as it is from timed based stored memory and can be a collection of signals from many WASCIM's reporting to the one ZIM.
  • the preferred medium for the CRN radio system transfers data by Minimum Shift Keying on a class license frequency.
  • FIG 15 is also annotated to facilitate understanding and conveniently indicate the relationship between a field of WASCIMs 134, a first ZIM (a) 135, a second ZIM 136 and NMP 137 having transmitter 138 and receiver 139.
  • ZIM priority seamless data train side band delivers data storage information with the pair of ZIMs (a) and (b) mounted in the same enclosure and the NPM transmitter 138 sending to the receiver of ZIM (b) time slot data loading information by priority.
  • a ZIM has two radio transceivers on different frequencies to enable it to be talking to WASCIMs receiving or imparting data, whilst the other unit is transmitting WASCIM priority pending traffic and receiving data time slot allocations.
  • Each ZIM sets up its own captured radio network, and may have up to 50 WASCIMs under its influence. It is constantly scanning for Signals from any WASCIM in its network. It accepts them on a first in first serve basis. On receipt of a signal it will tell the WASCIM to standby until further instructions are sent. The WASCIM will only transmit further information if its status changes yet again. The ZIM can tell the WASCIM to desist from sending any signals till further advised, if there is a more pressing problem and a clear spectrum is required.
  • WASCIM (ID 10001) sends radio signal to ZIM (ID 20201 )
  • WASCIM alters its own internal condition to full power and puts out a signal flag, comprising System ID, Priority of message and Sum (length of message in characters).
  • ZIM Rx1( ID 20101) accepts message passing it on to the NMP via ZIM 1Tx1 (ID 20301 ), then asks for balance of message, which it store in memory according to priority.
  • ZIM 1 Rx 1 then scans its Captured Radio Area for more WASCIMs with messages.
  • ZIM 1 Rx 2 (ID 20202) receives timed slot allocation from NMP and re-transmits it through ZIN Tx (203 02) to the WASCIM.
  • the unique capture effect of the frequency modulation will allow each receiver to be captured by the operating transmitter. While low power is used, the system is designed so that the wanted transmitter is stronger than other transmitters, which may be on the same frequency. This occurs due to the shielding of antennae in the local environment, which provides an invisible barrier to outside transmitters.
  • the system constantly monitors the spectrum for burst noise. If interference blocks one signal Path, the WASCIM will communicate through to the next ZIM in its area in a manner similar to mobile phone technology.
  • FIG 12 which illustrates an example of the system of the present invention in a high rise building with levels separated by floors 104, ZIMs 106 are positioned on the ceiling in the upper level and ZIMs 107 are positioned on the ceiling in the lower level.
  • ZIMs 106 communicate with the WASCIM associated with laptop 110- and with the WASCIM associated with door tag reader 109.
  • ZIMs 107 communicate with the WASCIM associated with lighting control relay 111 and with the WASCIM associated with PIR detector 112.
  • ZIMs 106 and 107 communicate via bearer 105 base station 99.
  • FIG 16 is annotated to facilitate understanding and conveniently indicate an exemplary relationship between a ZIM 140 and a series of WASCIMs associated respectively with hydraulic alarm panels 141 , fire exit doors 142, tag readers 1 3 and fingerprint units 144 in a security access system 145, sector lighting control relays 146 and 151 , passive infrared detectors 147 on internal doors, air conditioning control panels 148, air conditioning controls and dampers 149, DVD cameras 150 and passive infrared detectors 152 on storage area doors.
  • the data is transmitted via a leeky feeder backbone bearer 153 located in a vertically extending fireproof ducted riser 154 to a main radio base station 157, which links as illustrated with DVD camera interface 157, NMP
  • the captured radio network in accordance with the present invention provides a safe and secure form of transmitting management data in a high-rise building, and includes the following features:
  • the Base station can divert the signal to read through another zone interface Module.
  • the base station can put the entire system on temporary hold until the spectrum is clear if it cannot read all signals clearly.
  • a unique aspect of the present system is it can also read the local environment at each ZIM.
  • the approach of the present invention provides efficient use of the class license frequencies and allows reuse of Frequencies even within the site, yet provides the highest level of integrity and security required, by a complete building management systems.
  • the system uses a total synchronised time packaged to control the flow of Metadata within specific protected local spectrums.
  • the CRN provides a complete building multi zone polled radio network, with its own specific pre-programmed data format.
  • NMP Network Management Portal
  • the NMP has a Main Radio Base (MRB) station and a Network Management Computer to interface with all internal and external devices including LAN, WAN, WiFi and all other external communication devices necessary.
  • MRB Main Radio Base
  • a Network Management Computer to interface with all internal and external devices including LAN, WAN, WiFi and all other external communication devices necessary.
  • radio base station 100 NMP 101 , graphic display module 102 and a battery and charger 103.
  • the MRB receives all signal Metadata from its ZIMs and transposes it to Serial data, for the overlaid computer software program to dissect, record and process according to a pre-programmed format set up at installation.
  • WASCIMs to ZIMs is one capture network and ZIMs to NMP in the other. This allows for the system to maximise the re use of the spectrum with a seamless flow of time slot data traffic from ZIMs to the NMP.
  • each location has its WASCIM empowered at start up by the NMP, it is only necessary to send change of state enquiries or commands. The action it will take, is imbedded in its ASIC and microprocessor. Therefore the signals transmitted and received at each location have no immediate meaning outside the system.
  • the NMP is made up of 4 separate sections: the main Radio Base station (MRB), the
  • the NMP is thus the Main Radio Base (MRB) transceiver which receives all incoming signals and transposes them into digital data for recognition, thence transferring them to the data and application section for appropriate action by a pre-programmed set of instructions. Group incoming signals may prompt a different response when the collective data is examined as a whole. The system can then send all outgoing command instructions required to manage the system.
  • MRB Main Radio Base
  • the system has five main attributes and reacts as a whole after fully analysing the entire picture and taking into account all the pre programmed data as compared to the following examination of the situation : -
  • Sensors form with the essential software, imperative controls that we program to initiate commands to unrelated devices. They turn on and become pro-active in determining the adjacent environment of Sight ( CCTV), Sound (microphones) Touch ( metal detection) and Smell (Gas or explosion sensing). All sensors being essential sources of information required for particular high security locations in alarm conditions, for both action and evacuation plans to be effective.
  • FIG 5 is an annotated block diagram illustrating the relationship between two interfaces/data radio transceivers 42 and 43, passive tag reader station 40 and bio-recognition station 41, and a central computer recognition application 44 which receives a tag ID and passes a bio-signature.
  • FIG 6 illustrates traffic flow along an access corridor 45 where passive tag reader stations 46 and bio-recognition stations 47 control access beyond an access control bamer 48 by controlling operation of door 49.
  • An “Identification Number” may be fixed where the "ID tags” are permanently allocated, or in higher security applications where multiple access points are used and “signatures” are checked daily or where itinerants' signatures are captured and tags allocated on a casual basis, as the "signature”.
  • Each Bio-Recognition "signature” may have a corresponding Passive Tag “identification number”.
  • the correspondence between the "signature” and the “identification/"identification number” may be continually allocated or reallocated.
  • a typical access control system utilises a one-way traffic flow to assist in Security and Access Control.
  • the invention utilises the Passive Tag to provide a preliminary identification of the person.
  • the lead provided by the traffic flow and the separation of the Passive Tag reader station and the Bio-Recognition station allows the "signature" to be requested and downloaded to the Bio-Recognition station in preparation for the unique match of the "signature" with the person.
  • 9600-baud data transfer rate may be readily achieved on a WASCIM radio link.
  • a fourteen character “Identification Number” may be encrypted and passed in a data frame, with forward error correction, not exceeding 300 bits.
  • the "Identification Number” frame may therefore be transferred in less than 50 mS.
  • a Bio-Recognition "signature of 5000 characters may be similarly encrypted and passed in data frame, with forward error correction, in less than 500 mS. This time being based on five frames with acknowledgment of each frame. Consequently the physical configuration therefore need only provide less than a second transit time.
  • the bandwidth of the required communications channel may be reduced to enable the communications between the recognition station and the central computer to be carried by a low cost data radio operating on a class licence frequency.
  • the association of a passive tag with a particular identity only requires the recognition pattern for that identity to be passed to the recognition station.
  • Bio-Recognition systems are based on identifying unique aspects of a person's anatomy and using this "key” to provide recognition with high integrity. The best of these systems require matching of hundreds of thousands of elements.
  • the "key” is typically stored on a central computer and the "image" at the recognition unit is passed to the central computer for comparison with the key.
  • Some systems utilise a hierarchy of comparisons based on critical points. Matching of the higher level points provides a tree search to construct a match and recognition.
  • These approaches require a high bandwidth communications channel between the recognition unit and the computer. Typically, these channels are required to be two way to allow the tree search to occur. Such a system is illustrated in general terms in FIG 5.
  • a number of passive tag systems have been developed.
  • the tag is excited by a sensor station.
  • the excited tag broadcasts its identification, which is received and the tag identified by the sensor station.
  • the bandwidth of the required communications channel may be reduced to enable the communications between the recognition station and the central computer to be carried on a low cost data radio operating on a class licence frequency.
  • the association of the passive tag with a particular identity only requires the recognition pattem for that identity to be passed to the recognition station.
  • the communications bandwidth is reduced considerably and the continuous two-way communication required by the tree search is not required. Potentially the time required to achieve recognition is significantly reduced. This factor is important in reducing the delays at recognition stations or reducing the number of recognition stations required for a specified delay or throughput.
  • the approach of the present invention avoids the need for high bandwidth radio systems, physical cabling between the recognition station and the central computer, provides flexibility in the location of recognition stations and provides high reuse and efficiency in the use of radio spectrum.
  • a person approaching the sensor station uses a card in lieu of the ubiquitous person identification number (PIN).
  • the card may be a passive tag or a smart card and there approaches as to how we interface these systems include:-. 1. Between the card and reader. 2. Between the Identity recognition unit through our CRN to the NMP. Using passive tags
  • the surrounding reader field excites the tag which then broadcasts its identification, which is received and the tag identified by the sensor station is transferred to the Bio-recognition unit (BRU), which calls up the template prior to the finger being placed on the glass platen of the BRU.
  • BRU Bio-recognition unit
  • our system can transfer the transaction as Metadata through the CRN to main base station. This ensures the highest security.
  • bio-metric smart card One approach has the bio-recognition embedded in the card and when swiped and compared to an attached reader BRU, on signal acceptance the transaction is transferred as Metadata through the CRN to main base station. This ensures the highest security level while protecting the ID from War driving hackers.
  • This approach is to have a miniature radio embedded in the card to transmit its identification information, when in close proximity to the reader and excited by an attached tag.
  • the reader transmits radio signal to the card to handshake and download Identity information before re-transmitting Metadata transaction data through the CRN to the NMP.
  • This approach also ensures the highest security Level while protecting the ID from War driving hackers.
  • a miniature radio is embedded in the card.
  • the card picks up an intermittent turn-on signal from the appropriate door reader.
  • the reader transmits a low powered radio signal to the card to handshake and download Identity information before re-transmitting Metadata transaction data through the CRN to the NMP. This ensures the highest security.
  • the person carrying the card can then be tracked through the building.
  • the bandwidth of the required communications channel may be reduced to enable the communications between the recognition station and the central computer to be carried by a low cost data radio operating on a class license frequency.
  • the association of a card or tag with a particular identity only requires the recognition pattern for that identity to be passed to the recognition station.
  • a variety of different Types of cards may be used as the Identifying Key and a variety of solutions for each different card enhance operational effectiveness.
  • a passive card is also used at the reading points as the ID key.
  • a radio link between the passive card and the Bio-metric reader substantially increases the speed of the process of Identifying the holder of the card without the necessity of conducting a tree search. If using a Radio Card, the holder of the card is identified by pulse door transmitters on entry to the building and at each different zone within a building. It is also used at the reading points as the ID key.
  • a CRN provides the physical architecture required to physically interface with the recipient object and to secure and transmit management level data via its secure wireless mechanism. This in turn leads to what may be described as a captured intelligent network (CiN) which provides and enables new forms of process automation, detection and data reporting for any type of physical item, mechanical object, electronic component or computerised system.
  • CiN captured intelligent network
  • a CiN can be regarded as providing a decision processing engine for a CRN which allows all CRN devices to feed and draw information from a single management and processing platform which itself can also be remotely accessed and remotely managed and can also act as a command and reporting portal for computer application to CRN connectivity.
  • a CiN processes and manages all of the commands and data for a CRN network and transforms and processes this data so that it is capable of feeding a virtual reality simulation of the zone covered by the CRN. It does this to the extent that the virtual world objects, properties and logistics can be kept in near to real time synchronization with the real world objects, properties and logistics.
  • the real world objects can also be remotely controlled and managed using their virtual reality counterparts.
  • a CiN can itself be regarded as the process of managing the component parts of a CRN and providing together with the retrofitable WASCIM a generic method of collecting, sampling and managing data from devices that provide not only critical business information but also near to real time environmental and movement information.
  • a CiN can provide the necessary data for the interactive virtual simulation and manipulation of any environmental condition, object, item or process without the need in many cases to redesign the original component.
  • CiN is a collection of CRN data, CRN protocols, CRN software and CRN procedures and management that securely enables an external system or application with access to monitor, interface with and control any object fitted with a WASCIM operating inside a CRN.
  • a CiN allows all objects operating in a CRN to participate in a collaborative automation management and reporting system.
  • the WASCIMs are the external agents to the system, and can act independently - although they are programmed by, report to and are securely asccessible via the CiN and its host, the NMP.
  • the CiN gives the CRN its instructions and manages the overall flow of traffic between the CRN networks and the external systems.
  • a CRN can be regarded as a new type of data network that uses a new form of data protocol.
  • the CiN can be regarded as providing the bridge between the protocol of the CRN and those of traditional computer networks.
  • CiN Attributes and characteristics of a CiN include the following:-
  • a CiN facilitates the overall remote automation of objects fitted with a WASCIM operating in a CRN.
  • a CiN enables the unified integration, control and management of diverse real world items, specifically those items that currently have no external data reporting facilities or do not communicate or interface with traditional computing platforms.
  • a CiN provides bi-directional interfaces for the virtual simulation of and virtual remote control of totally dissimilar real world objects.
  • a CiN provides the information necessary to generate a near to real time virtual simulation and interface with any physical object operating in a CRN.
  • the data necessary to generate the virtual copy of the real world and WASCIM fitted objects is a combination of:
  • a CRN is constantly sampling the environment the collection of data can be reliably and dynamically automated from any WASCIM-fitted device to match an applications need. It is also possible to build up enough data to accurately feed a virtual reality interface to real world objects in near real time, c.
  • a CiN creates a control link between dissimilar real world objects and corresponding intelligent virtual software based objects enabling the interaction and participation of those objects in an overall management suite.
  • a CiN provides a common control and management interface for a. dissimilar equipment with dissimilar protocols b. detection and movement information for assets and personnel c. data reporting and device command infrastructures d. unified alarm and sensor management e. unified environmental sensing f. unified remote automation. g. a bridge between CRN devices and traditional LANs and applications
  • a CiN enables the provision of real time data ready to feed a near real time virtual reality simulation of a real physical environment, its contained objects and its population, enabling a virtual reality system to be able to match many of the properties of a real world environment in a near real time simulation that can also be used to interact with and control the real environment.
  • This feature extends the practical use of virtual reality systems to include the near to real time visualization, control and management of any type of device or object that is fitted with a WASCIM operating in a CRN.
  • a CiN enables the provision of a complete audit trail of an entire building, its environmental conditions, its population and their movement, its physical contents and their status, position and management.
  • a CiN enables the provision of a single platform for use by emergency services for the interrogation and management of an entire building or site in an emergency situation.
  • the Cin has ability to feed and manage information with regards to population location, fire and gas detection, access and security, physical asset tracking and population tracking all from a safe position long after cabled systems have failed.
  • This feature will significantly improve the number of possibilities available for the effective management and swift resolution of emergency situations in hi-rise buildings and sites protected by a CRN.
  • WASCIM is a reliable, fast, high integrity integration module, for a large variety of system uses. This makes it particularly suitable for easy integration of a wide range of other manufactures products.
  • This unit can be plugged into any device from which it is necessary to provide a data interface, or to which we wish to send control signals. It may be a lighting control relay, air conditioning damper unit, a security device, fire/smoke detector or access control unit and such items can be integrated into a common low cost communication network.
  • the Features of the WASCIM allow it to be used as a single purpose communication format, to be attached to almost any device and when programmed, can provide a high quality, error corrected, encrypted data interface. When many WASCIMs are used with low powered radio links they form part of a complete integrated data transfer system. For all applications requiring mixed bearer data transfer the WASCIM can be used as the data language of choice.
  • a radio transceiver is used as the wireless medium when two-way communications are required.
  • the wireless system is particularly applicable to use in high-rise building for access & Energy management, fire detection & evacuation systems and all types of alarm or security systems. Its main attribute is it diversity, which makes it applicable to the above and well as many other uses where high integrity short range communications with fast response times are required.
  • the wireless system of the present invention provide flexible, expandable solutions where the amount of data to be transferred is small or the number of sensors is large.
  • bio-recognition/passive tag system of the present invention.
  • the communications bandwidth is reduced considerably and the continuous two- way communication that is required by the tree search is not needed. Potentially the time to achieve a recognition is significantly reduced. This factor is important in reducing delays at recognition stations.
  • the number of recognition stations can be reduced for a specific throughput. This approach avoids the need for high bandwidth, making it eminently suitable for a high integrity radio system.
  • the system provides complete flexibility in location of recognition stations.
  • the system provides high reuse and efficiency in the use of radio spectrum.
  • the "link" timing (even allowing re-transmission of some frames) is be more favourable, thus increasing people throughput, compared to that of reading and matching time in the standard Bio-Recognition station.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de réception et/ou émission de commandes et/ou de données à distance à partir de et/ou vers des émetteurs-récepteurs maîtres et des moniteurs et/ou des contrôleurs dans un environnement séparé, ce procédé consistant à transférer des données modulées entre les émetteurs-récepteurs maîtres et les émetteurs-récepteurs esclaves, les données modulées étant transférées dans des intervalles de temps.
PCT/AU2003/000144 2002-02-11 2003-02-11 Procede et systeme de communication WO2003069798A1 (fr)

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AUPS0436A AUPS043602A0 (en) 2002-02-11 2002-02-11 Communication system and method

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WO2007016564A3 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-11-01 Medtronic Inc Systeme de bus pour dispositif medical implantable et procede
NL1033539C2 (nl) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-17 Nedap Nv Toegangscontrolesysteem met mobiele telefoon.

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US6213942B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2001-04-10 Vitalcom, Inc. Telemeter design and data transfer methods for medical telemetry system
WO2002001735A2 (fr) * 2000-06-21 2002-01-03 Pulse-Link, Incorporated Systeme armt sans fil et procede permettant des communications de reseau

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US5748103A (en) * 1995-11-13 1998-05-05 Vitalcom, Inc. Two-way TDMA telemetry system with power conservation features
US6213942B1 (en) * 1995-11-13 2001-04-10 Vitalcom, Inc. Telemeter design and data transfer methods for medical telemetry system
WO2000062664A1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-26 Nexan Limited Systeme portable de telesurveillance de patients eloignes
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007016564A3 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-11-01 Medtronic Inc Systeme de bus pour dispositif medical implantable et procede
NL1033539C2 (nl) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-17 Nedap Nv Toegangscontrolesysteem met mobiele telefoon.

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