Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
  • G06T5/10—Image enhancement or restoration using non-spatial domain filtering
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
  • A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
  • A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
  • A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
  • A61B8/4461—Features of the scanning mechanism, e.g. for moving the transducer within the housing of the probe
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
  • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
  • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
  • G01S15/8934—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a dynamic transducer configuration
  • G01S15/8938—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a dynamic transducer configuration using transducers mounted for mechanical movement in two dimensions
  • G01S15/894—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a dynamic transducer configuration using transducers mounted for mechanical movement in two dimensions by rotation about a single axis
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
  • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
  • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
  • G01S15/8977—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using special techniques for image reconstruction, e.g. FFT, geometrical transformations, spatial deconvolution, time deconvolution
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
  • G06T5/80—Geometric correction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T7/00—Image analysis
  • G06T7/40—Analysis of texture
  • G06T7/41—Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture
  • G06T7/42—Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture using transform domain methods
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
  • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
  • G06T2207/20048—Transform domain processing
  • G06T2207/20056—Discrete and fast Fourier transform, [DFT, FFT]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
  • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
  • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
  • G06T2207/30101—Blood vessel; Artery; Vein; Vascular

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to medical imaging, and more particularly to reducing Nonuniform Rotational Distortion (NURD) in medical images.
• NURD Nonuniform Rotational Distortion
• imaging techniques such as ultrasound imaging are commonly used in medical procedures to obtain images of the inside of a patient's body.
• IVUS intravascular ultrasound
• images revealing the internal anatomy of blood vessels are obtained by inserting a catheter with an ultrasound transducer mounted on or near its tip into the blood vessel.
• the ultrasound transducer is positioned in a region of the blood vessel to be imaged, where it emits pulses of ultrasound energy into the blood vessel and surrounding tissue.
• a portion of the ultrasound energy is reflected off of the blood vessel wall and surrounding tissue back to the transducer.
• the reflected ultrasound energy (echo) impinging on the transducer produces an electrical signal, which is used to form an image of the blood vessel.
• FIG. 1 is a representation of an axial view of a rotating transducer 10 mounted on the tip of a prior art catheter 20.
• the transducer 10 is coupled to a drive motor (not shown) via a drive cable 30 and rotates within a sheath 35 of the catheter 20.
• the blood vessel 40 being imaged typically includes a blood region 45 and wall structures (blood-wall interface) 50 and the surrounding tissue.
• a cross-sectional image of the blood vessel is obtained by having the transducer 10 emit a plurality of ultrasound pulses, e.g., 256, at different angles as it is rotated over one revolution.
• FIG. 1 illustrates one exemplary ultrasound pulse 60 being emitted from the transducer 10.
• the echo pulse 65 for each emitted pulse 60 received by the transducer is used to compose one radial line or "image vector" in the image of the blood vessel.
• the transducer 10 is rotated at a uniform angular velocity so that the image vectors are taken at evenly spaced angles within the blood vessel 40.
• An image processor (not shown) assembles the image vectors acquired during one revolution of the transducer 10 into a cross-sectional image of the blood vessel 40.
• the image processor assembles the image vectors based on the assumption that the image vectors were taken at evenly spaced angles within the blood vessel 40, which occurs when the transducer 10 is rotated at a uniform angular velocity.
• a uniform angular velocity for the transducer 10 This is because the transducer 10 is mechanically coupled to a drive motor (not shown), which may be located one to two meters from the transducer, via the drive cable 30.
• the drive cable 30 must follow all the bends along the path of the blood vessel to reach the region of the blood vessel 40 being imaged. As a result, the drive cable 30 typically binds and/or whips around as it is rotated in the blood vessel 40.
• FIG. 1 is a representation of a rotating transducer of a prior art catheter inside a blood vessel.
• FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustration of an example embodiment of a new image processing method for reducing NURD in IVUS images acquired using a rotating transducer.
• Described below is a new image processing method that reduces NURD in IVUS images acquired using a rotating transducer.
• an IVUS image of a blood vessel the blood inside the blood vessel and the tissue surrounding the blood vessel have texture, which appear as speckles in the IVUS image.
• the blood typically has a fine image texture and the surrounding tissue has a course image texture.
• the image texture of the blood and the surrounding tissue should be fairly consistent throughout the image.
• the transducer rotates at a nonuniform angular velocity, the image texture in the blood and the surrounding tissue becomes nonuniform.
• the new imaging processing method corrects for NURD in an image, as explained further below.
• an image processor receives an input image comprising a plurality of image vectors, e.g., 256 vectors.
• the image vectors are mapped onto angles in the image based on the assumption that the image vectors were taken at uniformly spaced angles.
• Each of the image vectors further comprises a plurality of pixels.
• the value of each pixel corresponds to the amplitude of a received echo pulse that is reflected back to the transducer from a certain angle and radial distance with respect to the transducer.
• the values of the pixels may be scaled according to a gray scale and/or a color scale.
• a spectral measure of texture around each pixel is computed in the azimuthal direction. This may be accomplished by performing a one-dimensional Fourier transform on a set of pixels within a weighted window centered at the pixel.
• the Fourier transform may be performed using standard signal processing techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the Fourier transform for each pixel produces a frequency spectrum that contains local textural information for the pixel.
• the weight of the window used in the Fourier transform may be computed using the following equation:
• Weight where w is the width of the window, ⁇ determines the drop off rate of the weight from the center of the window, and n is incremented from 1 to w.
• the width w may be 16 pixels and ⁇ may be 4.
• step 230 the mean frequency of the Fourier transform for each pixel is computed.
• the mean frequency for each pixel provides a textural measure for the pixel with higher values indicating textural compression and lower values indicating textural blurring.
• step 240 for each image vector, the average value of the mean frequency for the pixels in the image vector is computed.
• the average frequency value for each image vector correlates with the relative angular velocity for the transducer at the image vector.
• a high average frequency value indicates a relatively high angular velocity for the transducer at the image vector and a low average frequency value indicates a relatively low angular velocity for the transducer at the image vector.
• the average frequency values for the image vectors is noted to be fairly constant.
• step 250 the integral of the average frequency values for all the image vectors is computed with the integral normalized to a value of 2 ⁇ radians, which is the angle of one revolution of the transducer.
• step 260 an estimate of the actual angle for each image vector is computed using the running value of the normalized integral at the image vector. This estimated angle for each image vector takes into account the fact that image vectors are not taken at uniformly spaced angles.
• step 270 each image vector is remapped to its respective estimated angle to produce a NURD corrected image. In other words, NURD is reduced or eliminated by deriving an estimated angle for each image vector and using that estimated angle instead of the inaccurately assumed uniformly spaced angle.
• the value of the width w and ⁇ used to compute weight of the window in step 220 may be optimized through normal experimentation.
• a phantom e.g., made of rubber, having a known cross-sectional profile may be imaged using a rotating transducer.
• the NURD algorithm may then be applied to the image of the phantom while adjusting the values of w and ⁇ until the NURD corrected image exhibits the least amount of NURD.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
• Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
• Image Processing (AREA)
• Amplifiers (AREA)
• Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)
• Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2002
  • 2002-02-05 US US10/072,355 patent/US7024025B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2003
  • 2003-01-23 DE DE60324137T patent/DE60324137D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-01-23 AT AT03737552T patent/ATE410956T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2003-01-23 EP EP03737552A patent/EP1505908B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-01-23 ES ES03737552T patent/ES2315507T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2003-01-23 CA CA2471733A patent/CA2471733C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-01-23 AU AU2003210648A patent/AU2003210648A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-01-23 JP JP2003566801A patent/JP4242292B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-01-23 WO PCT/US2003/002182 patent/WO2003067526A2/en not_active Ceased

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