WO2003055558A1 - Composition de plusieurs herbes medicinales pour traiter d'asthme bronchique, et procede de preparation - Google Patents

Composition de plusieurs herbes medicinales pour traiter d'asthme bronchique, et procede de preparation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003055558A1
WO2003055558A1 PCT/IN2002/000041 IN0200041W WO03055558A1 WO 2003055558 A1 WO2003055558 A1 WO 2003055558A1 IN 0200041 W IN0200041 W IN 0200041W WO 03055558 A1 WO03055558 A1 WO 03055558A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bud
piper
furiticosa
elettaaria
antidysentercia
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2002/000041
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Panchapagesa Muthuswamy Murali
Original Assignee
Dalmia Centre For Research And Development
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dalmia Centre For Research And Development filed Critical Dalmia Centre For Research And Development
Priority to AU2002246307A priority Critical patent/AU2002246307A1/en
Publication of WO2003055558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003055558A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/906Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
    • A61K36/9066Curcuma, e.g. common turmeric, East Indian arrowroot or mango ginger
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/19Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/21Amaranthaceae (Amaranth family), e.g. pigweed, rockwort or globe amaranth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/24Apocynaceae (Dogbane family), e.g. plumeria or periwinkle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/27Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family), e.g. hoya
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/51Gentianaceae (Gentian family)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/61Myrtaceae (Myrtle family), e.g. teatree or eucalyptus
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/67Piperaceae (Pepper family), e.g. Jamaican pepper or kava
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/81Solanaceae (Potato family), e.g. tobacco, nightshade, tomato, belladonna, capsicum or jimsonweed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/906Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
    • A61K36/9064Amomum, e.g. round cardamom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/88Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
    • A61K36/906Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
    • A61K36/9068Zingiber, e.g. garden ginger
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06Antiasthmatics

Definitions

  • Asthma mer ⁇ s a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, in particular, mast cells, eosinophils and T. lymphocytes.
  • This inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough, particularly, at night and/ or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable air-flow obstruction i.e. often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment and these changes are associated with an increase in the existing bronchial hyper responsiveness to a variety of stimuli
  • Ginger supports a healthy cardiovascular system. Ginger makes blood platelets less sticky and less likely to aggregate.
  • a powerful natural Expectorant used widely in Chinese formulas, for coughs, colds, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pains associated with colds, Edema (stagnation of fluids in lungs) and chronic bronchitis.
  • the dried rhizome of ginger contains approximately 1—4% volatile oils. These are the medically active constituents of ginger, and they are also responsible for ginger characteristic odor and taste.
  • the aromatic principles include zingiberene and bisabolene, while the pungent principles are known as gingerols and shogaols. The pungent constituents are credited with the anti nausea and anti vomiting effects of ginger. Piper Nigrum
  • Piper Longum used in traditional practice to promote respiratory health. It significantly benefited respiratory function and builds up resistance against respiratory tract constriction and inflammation Piper longum also enhances thermogenic response, or release of metabolic heat energy.
  • Elatteria cardamom Elatteria cardamom is a powerful natural anti inflammatory agent and analgesic with significant cardiotonic properties . It heals the inflammation of respiratory tract Cinnamomum cassia Cinnamomum Cassia has been used as a diaphoretic, antipyretic and analgesic . Enhances & eases Expectoration of fluids in Lungs.
  • Adhatoda Vasica is considered in the East to be the best possible treatment for all chest diseases. Used in herbal tobacco to relieve asthma
  • Adhatoda vasica has been traditionally used in the management of allergic disordersand bronchial asthma .
  • Cassia Occidentalis has Powerful Anti microbial and Anti spasmodic activity.
  • the plant contains emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, sitosterol and a xanthone cassiolin
  • Solanum xanthocarpum The plant is employed for cough, asthma and pains in the ches .
  • the plant is also credited with diuretic properties and is used to cure dropsy .
  • Very spiny diffuse herb with blue flowers and yellow, globose berries .
  • Solasonine is present in the fruits.
  • Aegle Marmelos has very powerful Cardiotonic properties strengthens the cardiac muscles and increases the force of contraction and expansion of cardiac muscles
  • this invention provides a synergistic herbal composition for the treatment of bronchial asthma, said composition comprising the following herbs indicated in the proportions given below:
  • Curcuma longa 3.6 % - 4.94 %
  • Holarrhena antidysentercia 3.6 % - 4.94 %
  • the said herbal composition comprises the following herbs by weight %:
  • the said herbal composition comprises the following herbs by weight %>: Achyranthes aspera : 17.33%
  • Zingiber officinal is : 4.32%
  • the said herbal composition comprises the following herbs by weight:
  • Holarrhena antidysentercia 160-300 mg Enicostemma littorale 100-200 mg Calotropis procera 100-200 mg Piper longum 100-200 mg Piper nigrum 350-500 mg Elettaaria Cardamomum 3-12 mg
  • the parts of the herbs used in said composition are:
  • Holarrhena antidysentercia seed
  • Curcuma longa 3.6 % - 4.94 %
  • Holarrhena antidysentercia 3.6 % - 4.94 %
  • the condensation is carried out by using Rotovac vacuum pump at 650 mm pressure and at temperature 45 °C.
  • the extraction of herbs is carried out for a minimum period of 18 hours.
  • Figure 1 is a graph, which illustrates the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate measured in all the patients as shown in Table 1.
  • Figure 2 is a graph, which illustrates the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second measured in all the patients as shown in Table 2.
  • Figure 3 is a graph, which illustrates Forced Vital Capacity of the lung in Liters which measured in all the patients as shown in Table 3 every week
  • Figure 4 is a graph which illustrates the Forced Expiratory Flow Rate 25-75% of the Forced Vital Capacity which measured in all the patients as shown in Table 4 every week.
  • the herbs are mixed in the following proportion by weight for 15 extraction.
  • Curcuma longa 217.6 mg .5 Holarrhena antidysentercia : 217.6 mg
  • DCBT 4567 has demonstrated significant reduction in cough, sputum, rales rhonchi and improves pulmonary functions.
  • the knowledge gained from this study would be of many thousands of subjects, who, like yourself, may suffer from asthma.
  • the period of treatment will be 24 weeks. A total of 7 days grace period is allowed for completion of treatment after first 4 weeks of continuous treatment.
  • the daily dosage is given in Capsules which contains DCBT 4567 herbal drug (1.6 gm) of the herbal extract or Salbutamol (12 mg) or Ragi
  • the trial drugs are administered orally in a capsule with warm water after taking food. All drugs - Herbal, Bio Medical and Placebo - are supplied in capsules of same size, shape, colour and appearance, so that neither the doctor nor the patient is aware of whether an individual patient is prescribed Herbal treatment or Bio Medical treatment or the Placebo.
  • Drugs are packaged separately for each patient and supplied to the investigators.
  • the trial centers supply the drugs to the patients once a week.
  • Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was measured in all of them every week. A 15% improvement in this value since the time the patient entered in the trial was used as an indication for improvement
  • the trial period is only 13 weeks. As the patients and the physicians are comfortable with the trial drugs, the trial period might be extended up to 17 weeks. Total no of patients inducted in the trial 90
  • the Clinical symptoms of Asthma are Dysponea, Wheezing, Cough and Rhonchi.
  • the patients treated with the herbal medicine DCBT have shown significant improvement when treated for Asthma.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition synergique d'herbes médicinales utilisée pour traiter l'asthme bronchique, et un procédé permettant sa préparation. Ladite composition comprend les herbes suivantes: Achyranthes aspera, Woodfordia furiticosa, Solanum xanthocarpum, Justicia adhatoda, Acacia arabica Zingiber officinalis, bouton de Syzygium aromaticum, Curcuma longa, Holarrhena antidysentercia, Enicostemma littorale, Calotropis procera, Piper longum, Piper nigrum et Elettaaria Cardamomum.
PCT/IN2002/000041 2001-12-31 2002-03-12 Composition de plusieurs herbes medicinales pour traiter d'asthme bronchique, et procede de preparation WO2003055558A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002246307A AU2002246307A1 (en) 2001-12-31 2002-03-12 Polyherbal composition for the treatment of bronchial asthma and the process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN1061CH2001 2001-12-31
IN1061/MAS/2001 2001-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003055558A1 true WO2003055558A1 (fr) 2003-07-10

Family

ID=11097017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IN2002/000041 WO2003055558A1 (fr) 2001-12-31 2002-03-12 Composition de plusieurs herbes medicinales pour traiter d'asthme bronchique, et procede de preparation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002246307A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003055558A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107106622A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2017-08-29 同和药品株式会社 含有爵床属植物的提取物或部位的组合物
US11534471B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2022-12-27 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Isolation, preservation, compositions and uses of extracts from justicia plants
WO2024003946A1 (fr) 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Swasti Veda Private Limited Composition à base de plusieurs herbes pour maladies respiratoires

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10113328A1 (de) * 2000-03-28 2001-11-15 Dabur Res Foundation Sahibabad Kräuterzusammensetzung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Zusammensetzung für die Behandlung gynäkologischer Störungen

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10113328A1 (de) * 2000-03-28 2001-11-15 Dabur Res Foundation Sahibabad Kräuterzusammensetzung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Zusammensetzung für die Behandlung gynäkologischer Störungen

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EXOTIC NATURALS, XP002217301, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.exoticnatural.com/appln.htmhttp://www.exoticnatural.com/appln.htm> [retrieved on 20021018] *
JOHN D: "ONE HUNDRED USEFUL RAW DRUGS OF THE KANI TRIBES OF TRIVANDRUM FOREST DIVISION, KERALA, INDIA", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRUDE DRUG RESEARCH, LISSE, NL, vol. 22, no. 1, March 1984 (1984-03-01), pages 17 - 39, XP008007658, ISSN: 0167-7314 *
SZELENYI I ET AL: "HERBAL REMEDIES FOR ASTHMA TREATMENT: BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY", DRUGS OF TODAY / MEDICAMENTOS DE ACTUALIDAD, J.R. PROUS SS.A. INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS, ES, vol. 38, no. 4, April 2002 (2002-04-01), pages 265 - 303, XP008007606, ISSN: 0025-7656 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107106622A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2017-08-29 同和药品株式会社 含有爵床属植物的提取物或部位的组合物
EP3207935A4 (fr) * 2014-10-16 2018-05-16 Dong Wha Pharm. Co. Ltd. Composition contenant un extrait ou une fraction d'une plante du genre justicia
US10688143B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2020-06-23 Dong Wha Pharm. Co., Ltd. Composition containing extract or fraction of genus Justicia plant
US11534471B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2022-12-27 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Isolation, preservation, compositions and uses of extracts from justicia plants
WO2024003946A1 (fr) 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Swasti Veda Private Limited Composition à base de plusieurs herbes pour maladies respiratoires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002246307A1 (en) 2003-07-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
B Aggarwal et al. Identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents from Ayurvedic medicine for prevention of chronic diseases:“reverse pharmacology” and “bedside to bench” approach
US8163312B2 (en) Herbal formulation for prevention and treatment of diabetes and associated complications
Selvam Inventory of vegetable crude drug samples housed in botanical survey of India, Howrah
Kunnumakkara et al. Traditional uses of spices: an overview
US20060193928A1 (en) Novel herbal compositions and process for preparation thereof
US20110318438A1 (en) Pharmacologically effective composition of herbs for treatment on symptoms of influenza and colds
Rahman et al. Ethno-botanical Study at the Village Pondit Para under Palash Upazila of Narsingdi District, Bangladesh
Musthaba et al. Patented herbal formulations and their therapeutic applications
WO2022028085A1 (fr) Pulvérisation destinée au traitement de la spondylose cervicale et procédé de préparation associé
CN103961614B (zh) 用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途
CN104435977B (zh) 一种用于治疗肝损伤的药物及其制备方法
WO2003055558A1 (fr) Composition de plusieurs herbes medicinales pour traiter d&#39;asthme bronchique, et procede de preparation
Gautam et al. Tinospora cordifolia: A Successful Story from Botanical background to Pharmaceutical Product
Sharma MEDICAL ETHNOBOTANY IN THE svALIK RANGE OF THE HIMALAYAs
CN108567878B (zh) 一种防治真菌性皮肤病的中药组合物
CN1202852C (zh) 治疗风寒感冒的中药制剂及其制备方法
WO2019142042A1 (fr) Préparation médicinale synergique pour le traitement de troubles cutanés tels que tinea versicolor
CN114533835B (zh) 一种具有芳香、祛风利湿功效的药物及其制备方法
WO2015149391A1 (fr) Préparation de médecine chinoise traditionnelle pour le traitement de l&#39;entérite chronique et son procédé de préparation
RU2257221C1 (ru) Антигельминтный сбор беркова
CN112057535B (zh) 一种预防或/和治疗血脂异常的中药组合物的制备方法
Pandey et al. Ethnopharmacological reports on herbs used in the management of tuberculosis
CN112057536B (zh) 一种预防或/和治疗血脂异常的中药组合物及其应用
Kumar et al. Traditional Himalayan Plants: Nature's Gift for Maintaining a Strong Immune System
Parulkar Khadirarishta: a medico study

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP