WO2003054196A1 - Eliciteur d'oligosaccharide de chitine et genes sensibles a la gibberelline dans les plantes et utilisations associees - Google Patents
Eliciteur d'oligosaccharide de chitine et genes sensibles a la gibberelline dans les plantes et utilisations associees Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to elicitor and gibberellin responsive genes in plants, and uses thereof.
- the Arab idopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibb erel lin signal transduction pathway.
- Rice gibberel lin-insensitive gene homo log, OsGAI encodes a nuclear-loicalized protein capable of gene activation at transcriptional level.Gene, 2000, 245, 21-29.Ikeda, A., Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., Sonoda, Y Kitano, H., Koshioka, M., Futsuhara, Y., Matsuoka, M , and Yamaguchi,
- J. slender rice a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a mill mutation of the SLR1 gene, an ort olog of the height-regulatin g gene GAI / RGA / RHT / D8.
- the Plant Cell, 2001, 13, 999- 1010. showed that they were isolated one after another and were structurally well preserved. It was also reported that the product of the lateral suppressor gene in tomato belongs to the same family as Scarecrow (Schumacher, K., Schmitt, T., Rossberg, M., Schmitz, G., and Theres, K.
- the Lateral suppressor (Ls) gene of tomato encodes a new member of the VHIID protein family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96, 290-295.).
- Scarecrow is transcribed because its amino acid sequence contains the basic amino acid region found in leucine zipper-type transcription factors, and 44% of the 267 amino acid residues at the N-terminal are glutamic acid, serine, threonine, proline, etc. Presumed to be a factor
- RGA is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus (Silverstone, AL, Ciampaglio, CN, and Sun, TP.
- the Arabidopsis RGA gene encodes a transcriptional regulator repressing the gibberellin signal transduction pathway. The Plant Cell, 1998, 10, 155-169.).
- oligomers of chitin (N- ⁇ ), one of the major components of the cell wall of rice blast fungus (Cetyl chitooligosaccharide) was found to induce various protective responses at low concentrations in cultured rice cells, that is, to act as a potent elicitor (a substance that induces biological defense responses) (Yamada, A ., Shibuya, N., Kodama, 0., and Akatsuka, T. Induction of phytoalexin formation in suspension-cultured rice cells by N-acetylchi tool igosacchar ides. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 1993, 57, 405-409. ).
- the defense-related enzyme genes, PAL, chitinase and dalcanase which have been known so far, are expressed (He, D. -Y., Yazaki, Y., Nishizawa, II., Takai, R , Yamada, K., Sakano, K., Shibuya, N., and Minami, E. Gene activation, cytoplasmic acidification in suspension-cultured rice cells in response to the potent elicitor, N-acethylchi toheptaose. M icrobe Int., 1998, 12, 1167-1174.Nishizawa, Y., Kawakami, A., Hibi, T., He, D.
- An object of the present invention is to identify a novel elicitor response gene in a plant, and to provide the gene and a plant in which the gene is regulated.
- the present inventor has conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above problems. First, it is possible that a large number of gene expressions are changed in the Erisi response.
- gibberellin is a generic term for compounds having an ent gibberellin skeleton, and only active gibberellin was effective in inducing the expression of these genes. It was also suggested that protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are involved in the signal transduction process leading to gene expression. Such rapid gene expression by gibberellin was also observed in rice green leaves.
- the present invention relates to elicitor and gibberellin responsive genes in plants and their use, and more specifically,
- (6) a vector comprising the DNA of any one of (1) to (3) or the nucleic acid of (5),
- the present invention provides a DNA encoding a plant CIGR1 protein or CIGR2 protein.
- the plant in the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, useful crops such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, ornamental plants such as houseplants, and the like.
- useful crops such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees
- ornamental plants such as houseplants, and the like.
- examples of the plant include rice, corn, wheat, oats, rapeseed, daisies, tomatoes, tomatoes, potatoes, chrysanthemums, roses, carnations, and cyclamen.
- the plant of the present invention preferably includes rice.
- the nucleotide sequence of the rice CI GR1 gene cDNA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the cDNA encoded by the cDNA is The amino acid sequence of the protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of the CIGR2 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the cDNA is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the DNA of the present invention in plants other than rice can be isolated by those skilled in the art by generally known methods. For example, hybridization technology (Southern, EM., J MoI Biol, 1975, 98, 503.) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (Saiki, RK. Eta, Science, 1985, 230, 1350., Saiki, RK. Et al., Science 1988, 239, 487.). That is, a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 or a part thereof is used as a probe, and an oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes to the DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 is used.
- hybridization technology Southern, EM., J MoI Biol, 1975, 98, 503.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- isolation of DNA having high homology to DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 from another plant can be usually performed by those skilled in the art.
- a DNA that can be isolated by the hybridization technique or the PCR technique and that hybridizes with the DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 is also included in the DNA of the present invention.
- a hybridization reaction is preferably performed under stringent conditions.
- the stringent hybridization conditions refer to the conditions of 6M urea, 0.4% SDS, 0.5 ⁇ SSC, or equivalent hybridization conditions of stringency. Under conditions of higher stringency, for example, 6M urea, 0.4% SDS, and 0.1 ⁇ SSC, it is expected that more homologous DNA can be isolated.
- the DNA thus isolated is considered to have high affinity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4 at the amino acid level.
- High homology refers to sequence identity of at least 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more in the entire phenolic acid sequence.
- the present invention also provides a DNA encoding a protein structurally similar to the above-described CIGR1 protein and CIGR2 protein of the plant.
- Examples of such DNA include a DNA encoding a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids have been substituted, deleted, added, and / or inserted in the protein.
- Methods well known to those skilled in the art for preparing the above-mentioned DNA include the above hybridization technology (Southern, EM., J Mol Biol, 1975, 98, 503.) ⁇ Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (Saiki, RK. Et al., Science, 1985, 230, 1350., Saiki, RK. Et al., Science, 1988, 239, 487.) And a method for introducing a mutation by a site-directed mutagenesis method (Kramer, W. & Fritz, HJ., Methods Enzymol, 1987, 154, 350.). Also, in nature, it is possible that the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein changes due to a mutation in the base sequence. Further, even if the nucleotide sequence is mutated, the mutation may not be accompanied by mutation of an amino acid in the protein (degenerate mutation), and such a degenerate mutant DNA is also included in the present invention.
- the DNA of the present invention includes genomic DNA, cDNA, and chemically synthesized DNA. genome! Preparation of NA and cDNA can be carried out by a person skilled in the art using conventional means. Genomic DNA can be obtained, for example, by extracting genomic DNA from a plant having a gene encoding the CIGR1 protein and CIGR2 protein of the above-mentioned plant, and using a genomic library (vectors such as plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC, PAC, etc.) Can be used, developed, and subjected to colony hybridization or plaque hybridization using a probe prepared based on the DNA encoding the protein. It can be prepared.
- a genomic library vectors such as plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC, PAC, etc.
- cDNA for example, a cDNA is synthesized based on mRNA extracted from a plant having a gene encoding the protein, and the cDNA is inserted into a vector such as ⁇ ZAP to prepare a cDNA library. It can be prepared by developing and performing colony hybridization or plaque hybridization in the same manner as described above, or by performing PCR.
- the DNA of the present invention can be used, for example, for the preparation of recombinant proteins and for the production of transformed plants whose phenotype has been modified by controlling their expression.
- the DNA of the present invention is introduced into an appropriate expression vector, the vector is introduced into appropriate cells, and the protein expressed by culturing the transformed cells is expressed. Purify.
- the recombinant protein can be expressed as a fusion protein with another protein for the purpose of facilitating purification. For example, a method of preparing a fusion protein with a maltose binding protein using E.
- coli as a host (vector pMA-release released by New England BioLabs, USA), a method of preparing a fusion protein with dalyuthione-S-transferase (GST) (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech's vector pGEX series) and a method of adding a histidine tag to prepare (Novagen's pET series) can be used.
- GST dalyuthione-S-transferase
- Novagen's pET series a host cell suitable for expressing the recombinant protein
- yeast, various animal and plant cells, insect cells, and the like can be used by changing the expression vector.
- Various methods known to those skilled in the art can be used for introducing the vector into the host cell. For example, for introduction into E. coli, an introduction method using calcium ions (
- the recombinant protein expressed in the host cell can be purified and recovered from the host cell or its culture supernatant by a method known to those skilled in the art.
- affinity purification can be easily performed.
- the protein encoded by the DNA of the present invention thus produced is also included in the present invention.
- an antibody that binds to the protein can be prepared.
- a polyclonal antibody is prepared from a serum obtained by immunizing an immunized animal such as a rabbit with a purified protein of the present invention or a partial peptide thereof, collecting blood after a certain period of time, and removing the blood clot.
- the monoclonal antibody is obtained by fusing the antibody-producing cells of the animal immunized with the above protein or peptide with bone tumor cells, isolating a single-clonal cell (hybridoma) producing the desired antibody, It can be prepared by obtaining antibodies from cells. The antibody thus obtained can be used for purification and detection of the protein of the present invention.
- Antibodies of the present invention include antisera, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and fragments of these antibodies.
- the DNA of the present invention is inserted into an appropriate vector, and this is introduced into plant cells, and the resulting transformant is obtained. Regenerate plant cells.
- the DNA for suppressing the expression of the DNA of the present invention is inserted into an appropriate vector, and this is introduced into a plant cell, whereby the transformed plant cell obtained is regenerated.
- suppression of the expression of the DNA of the present invention includes suppression of transcription of a gene and / or suppression of translation into a protein. It also includes a decrease in expression as well as a complete cessation of DNA expression.
- Preferred embodiments of the DNA for suppressing the expression of the DNA of the present invention include antisense nucleic acids complementary to the transcript of the DNA of the present invention and a lipozyme that specifically cleaves the transcript of the DNA of the present invention.
- examples include nucleic acids having an activity, nucleic acids that suppress the expression of the DNA of the present invention by the RNAi effect or co-suppression effect, and DNAs encoding proteins having a dominant-negative trait to the transcript of the DNA of the present invention. be able to.
- nucleic acid means RNA or DNA.
- the action of the antisense nucleic acid to suppress the expression of the target gene has several factors as follows. In other words, inhibition of transcription initiation due to triplex formation, inhibition of transcription by formation of a hybrid with a site where an open loop structure was locally formed by RNA polymerase, transcription inhibition by formation of a hybrid with RNA that is undergoing synthesis, intron Of splicing by hybrid formation at splice point with exon, splicing by hybrid formation with spliceosome formation site Inhibition, inhibition of translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by hybridization with mRNA, inhibition of splicing by formation of octibride with the capping site or poly (A) addition site, inhibition of translation initiation by formation of octiprid with the translation initiation factor binding site Translation inhibition by the formation of a hybrid with the ribosome binding site near the start codon, inhibition of peptide chain elongation by the formation of eight hybrids with the translation region of mRNA and polysome binding site, and formation
- antisense nucleic acids suppress target gene expression by inhibiting various processes such as transcription, splicing and translation (Hirashima and Inoue, Shinsei Kagaku Kenkyusho 2 Nucleic acid IV gene replication and expression, Japan Biochemical Society, Tokyo Chemistry Dojin, 1993, 319-347.)
- the antisense nucleic acid used in the present invention may suppress the expression of the target gene by any of the above actions.
- designing an antisense sequence complementary to the untranslated region near the 5 'end of the mRNA of the gene is considered to be effective in inhibiting translation of the gene.
- a sequence complementary to the coding region or the 3 ′ untranslated region can also be used.
- the nucleic acid containing the antisense sequence of the sequence of the untranslated region as well as the translated region of the gene is also included in the antisense nucleic acid used in the present invention.
- the antisense nucleic acid to be used is connected downstream of a suitable promoter, and preferably a sequence containing a transcription termination signal is connected on the 3 'side.
- the nucleic acid thus prepared can be transformed into a desired plant by using a known method.
- the sequence of the antisense nucleic acid is preferably a sequence complementary to the endogenous gene of the plant to be transformed or a part thereof, but is not completely complementary as long as gene expression can be effectively suppressed. You may.
- the transcribed RNA has preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more complementarity to the transcript of the target gene.
- the length of the antisense nucleic acid is at least 15 bases or more, preferably 100 bases or more, and more preferably 500 bases or more.
- Commonly used antisense nucleic acids Is less than 5 kb, preferably less than 2.5 kb.
- Liposomes refer to RNA molecules that have catalytic activity. Although there are various lipozymes with various activities, studies focusing on lipozymes as RNA-cleaving enzymes have made it possible to design lipozymes that cleave RNA in a site-specific manner. Some liposomes have a size of 400 nucleotides or more, such as the group I intron type and Ml RNA contained in RNase P, but have an active domain of about 40 nucleotides called hammerhead-hairpin type. There are also others (Makoto Koizumi and Eiko Otsuka, Protein Nucleic Acid Enzyme, 1990, 35, 2191.).
- the self-cleaving domain of the hammerhead lipozyme cleaves the 3 'side of C15 in the sequence G13U14C15, but its activity is based on the base pairing of U14 and A9, and A15 or A15 or It has been shown that U15 can also be cleaved (Koizumi, M. ei al., FEBS Lett, 1988, 228, 228.).
- a lipozyme in which the substrate binding site is complementary to the RNA sequence near the target site it is possible to create a restriction enzyme RNA cleavage lipozyme that recognizes the sequence UC, UU or M in the target RNA (Koi Zumi, M.
- Hairpin liposomes are also useful for the purpose of the present invention.
- This lipozyme is found, for example, in the minus strand of satellite RNA of tobacco ring spot virus (Buzayan, JM., Nature, 1986, 323, 349.). It has been shown that target-specific RNA-cleaving liposomes can also be produced from hairpin-type liposomes (Kikuchi, Y. & Sasaki, N., Nucl Acids Res, 1991, 19, 6751., Hiroshi Kikuchi, Chemistry Organisms, 1992, 30, 112.).
- the lipozyme designed to cleave the target is linked to a promoter and transcription termination sequence, such as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, so that it is transcribed in plant cells.
- a promoter and transcription termination sequence such as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter
- lipozyme activity may be lost, but in such cases, RNA containing the transcribed ribozyme may be lost.
- another trimming ribozyme that acts in cis on the 5 'or 3' side of the lipozyme portion in order to accurately cut out only the ribozyme portion from liposome (Taira, K. et al., Protein Eng, 1990,
- RNAi RNA interference
- RNAi refers to a phenomenon in which when a double-stranded RNA having a sequence identical or similar to the target gene sequence is introduced into cells, the expression of both the introduced foreign gene and the target endogenous gene is suppressed.
- the target gene is degraded when the initially introduced double-stranded RNA is broken down into small pieces and serves as an indicator of the target gene in some way.
- RN Ai is also known to be effective in plants (Chuang, CF.
- CIGR1 gene in plants In order to suppress the expression of CIGR2 gene by RNAi, CIGR1 gene or CIGR2 gene, or double-stranded RNA having a sequence similar to these 13375
- RNAi can be introduced into the target plant.
- the gene used for RNAi need not be exactly the same as the target gene, but at least 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more sequence identity. Having. In addition, the identity of the sequence can be determined by the method described above.
- Co-suppression refers to the phenomenon in which when a gene having the same or similar sequence as the target endogenous gene is introduced into a plant by transformation, the expression of both the introduced foreign gene and the target endogenous gene is suppressed. Point to. Although the details of the mechanism of co-suppression are not clear, it is thought that at least part of the mechanism overlaps with the mechanism of RNAi. Cosuppression is also observed in plants (Smyth, DR., Curr Biol, 1997, 7, R793., Martinssen, R., Curr Biol, 1996, 6, 810.).
- the purpose is to use a CIGR1 gene or a CIGR2 gene or a vector DNA prepared to express a DNA having a sequence similar thereto. May be transformed into the plant.
- the gene used for co-suppression does not have to be exactly the same as the target gene, but at least 70%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90%, and most preferably 95% or more of the sequence. Have the same identity.
- the sequence identity can be determined by the method described above.
- the suppression of the expression of the endogenous gene in the present invention can also be achieved by transforming a gene encoding a protein having a dominant negative trait with respect to the protein encoded by the target gene into a plant.
- a gene encoding a protein having a dominant negative trait has a function of eliminating or reducing the activity of an endogenous wild-type protein inherent in a plant by expressing the gene. Refers to a gene.
- the present invention also provides a vector containing the above DNA or nucleic acid, a transformed plant cell carrying the vector, a transformed plant containing the transformed plant cell, the transformed plant A transgenic plant which is a progeny or clone of the present invention; and a propagation material for the transgenic plant.
- the present invention relates to the above-mentioned method for producing a transformed plant, comprising a step of introducing the DNA or nucleic acid of the present invention or the vector of the present invention into a plant cell, and regenerating the plant from the plant cell. Provide a way.
- the introduction of the DNA or nucleic acid of the present invention into plant cells can be carried out by those skilled in the art by known methods, for example, the agrobacterium method, the electroporation method (elect mouth poration method), and the particle gun method. Can be.
- the above-mentioned agrobacterium method for example, the method of Nagel et al. (Microbiol. Lett., 1990, 67, 325.) is used.
- the recombinant vector is transformed into Agrobacterium bacteria, and the transformed Agrobacterium is then introduced into plant cells by a known method such as a leaf disk method.
- the above-mentioned vector contains an expression promoter so that, for example, after introduction into a plant, the DNA of the present invention is expressed in the plant.
- a DNA of the present invention is located downstream of the promoter, and a terminator is located downstream of the DNA.
- the recombinant vector used for this purpose is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the method of introduction into the plant or the type of the plant.
- the promoter include CaMV35S derived from cauliflower mosaic virus and corn ubiquitin promoter (JP-A-2-79983).
- the terminator may be, for example, a luciferase from cauliflower mosaic virus or a terminator derived from a nopaline synthase gene. But not limited to these. '
- the plant into which the DNA or nucleic acid of the present invention is introduced may be an explant, or cultured cells may be prepared from these plants and introduced into the obtained cultured cells.
- the “plant cells” of the present invention include plant cells such as leaves, roots, stems, flowers and scutellum in seeds, P details 75
- the above-mentioned recombinant vector contains a suitable selection marker gene or a plasmid vector containing a selection marker gene. It is preferable to introduce the DNA into a plant cell together.
- Selectable marker genes used for this purpose include, for example, the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene, which is resistant to the antibiotic hidalomycin, the neomycin phosphotransferase, which is resistant to kanamycin or genyumycin, and the herbicide phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase gene and the like.
- the plant cells into which the recombinant vector has been introduced are placed on a known selection medium containing an appropriate selection agent and cultured according to the type of the introduced selection gene. As a result, transformed plant culture cells can be obtained.
- a plant is regenerated from the transformed cell into which the DNA or nucleic acid of the present invention has been introduced.
- Plant regeneration can be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art depending on the type of plant cell (Toki. Et al., Plant Physiol, 1995, 100, 1503-1507.).
- a method for producing a transformed plant is to introduce a gene into protoplasts using polyethylene glycol to regenerate the plant (Datta, S K).
- the plant regenerated from the transformed cells is then cultured in a conditioned medium. Thereafter, when the regenerated acclimated plant is cultivated under normal cultivation conditions, a plant can be obtained, which can be matured and fruited to obtain a seed.
- the presence of the introduced foreign DNA or nucleic acid in the transformed and cultivated transformed plant is determined by a known PCR method or Southern hybridization method, or by the nucleic acid in the plant. It can be confirmed by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. In this case, extraction of DNA or nucleic acid from the transformed plant was carried out according to the known method of L Sambrook et al. (Molecular Cloning, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pres s, 1989). can do.
- an amplification reaction is performed using the nucleic acid extracted from the regenerated plant as described above.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention is DNA
- a synthesized oligonucleotide having a base sequence appropriately selected according to the base sequence of the DNA is used as a primer, and these are mixed in a reaction mixture.
- an amplification reaction can be performed.
- the denaturation, annealing, and extension reactions of DNA are repeated several tens of times, an amplification product of a DNA fragment containing the DNA sequence of the present invention can be obtained.
- the reaction solution containing the amplification product is subjected to, for example, agarose electrophoresis, various amplified DNA fragments are fractionated, and it is possible to confirm that the DNA fragments correspond to the DNA of the present invention. is there.
- progeny can be obtained from the plant by sexual or asexual reproduction. It is also possible to obtain a propagation material (for example, seeds, fruits, cuttings, tubers, tubers, strains, calli, protoplasts, etc.) from the plant, its progeny, or a loan, and mass-produce the plant based on them. It is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a comparison between the amino acid sequences encoded by the CIGR1 gene and the CIGR2 gene and the GRAS family.
- SLR (OsGAI) represents inezbererin signal repressor (SEQ ID NO: 5), and Tomato Ls represents tomato axillary bud suppressor (SEQ ID NO: 6). Amino acids conserved in all four types are indicated by *, and amino acids conserved in all three types are indicated by ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a continuation of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the results of genomic Southern hybridization of the CIGR1 gene and the CIGR2 gene.
- A indicates the CIGR1 gene.
- B indicates the CIGR2 gene.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an evolved lineage of the CIGR1 gene and the CIGR2 gene at the amino acid level.
- AtSCR is arabidopsis Scarecrow
- At SCLn is a Scarecrow-like gene
- AtG RS is a gene of unknown function similar to AtGAI
- AtGRA is a gibberellin sig of arabidopsis
- OsSLR is a gibberellin signal repressor in rice
- Tomato Ls is an axillary bud suppressor in tomato
- an arabidopsis light signaling factor AtSCL21 is a Scarecrow-like gene in arabidopsis (function unknown)
- CIGR2 is the rice gene reported in this study
- AtSCL13 is the Scarecrow-like gene of Arabidopsis (function unknown)
- AtSCL5 is the Scarecrow-like gene of Arabidopsis (function unknown)
- CIGR1 is the rice gene reported in this study.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph showing nuclear localization of CIGR1 and CIGR2 genes.
- the 35SZCIGR1 / GFP or 35SZCIGR2 / GFP fusion gene was introduced into onion epidermal cells by the particle gun method and observed with a laser confocal microscope.
- the 35SZ0FP fusion gene was used as a control.
- a represents 35S / GFP
- b represents 35S / CIGR1 / GFP
- c represents 35S / CIGR2 / GFP.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the responsiveness of the CIGR1 gene and the CIGR2 gene to chitin oligomers.
- a shows the time course (minute) of expression by chitin heptamer treatment.
- b shows the inducing activity of chitin and chitosan oligomers.
- FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the effect of 2,4D on the GA3 response of CIGR1 and CIGR2 genes. The time indicates the time after the GA3 treatment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram and a photograph showing the effect of GA3 concentration on the induction of the expression of CIGR1 gene and CIGR2 gene.
- a is a photograph showing the results of Northern blot hybridization analysis of total RNA extracted after treating each concentration (unit: molar concentration) of GA3 for 10 minutes.
- b is a diagram showing the result of quantifying the signal of a by the image analyzer. The square indicates the CIGR1 gene, and the open triangle indicates the CIGR2 gene.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram and a photograph showing the bioactivity and gene expression of gibberellin. Cultured rice cells were treated with active (GA1, GA3, GA4) and inactive (GA13, GA17) gibberellins for 10 minutes to extract total RNA. The results of analysis by the Northern plot hybridization method are shown in photographs.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph showing the expression of the CIGR1 gene and CIGR2 gene in rice green leaves after GA3 treatment.
- the rice plants were sprayed with GA3, and three or four leaves were sampled following the time course.
- FIG. 11 is a photograph showing the effect of a protein phosphorylation inhibitor on the elicitor response and the gibberellin response.
- Rice culture cells Rice culture cells are germinated rice (Oryza sat iva cv Nipponbare ) The seeds were induced on N6 agar medium containing 1 PPM of 2,4D (auxin; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and subcultured in N6 liquid medium as follows. Once a week, about 1 ml of fresh volume of cells was subcultured into 150 ml of N6 medium. Once every two weeks, an operation to reduce the cell mass through a 20-mesh wire mesh was performed. The cells to be subjected to Northern blot RNA extraction were not shaken, but were used by shaking and culturing cells subcultured in 30 ml of medium for 4 to 6 days.
- 2,4D auxin; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- RNA modification for Northern hybridization was performed by the Dalioxal method. 'Add 10 g total A (3.7 ⁇ 1) to 2.71 glyoxal (final concentration 1M), 1.6 l sodium phosphate ( ⁇ 70, final concentration 10 mM), 81 Methyl sulfoxide (added to a final concentration of 50, incubated at 50 for 1 hour, and then electrophoresed in 1.4% agarose (10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0). The RNA was immobilized on the membrane by blotting on membrane hydodyne A) and treating at 80 ° C for 2 hours.
- the hybridization was 50% formamide, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mg / ml salmon sperm DNA, 5xSSPE (0.9M NaCl, 50mM sodium phosphate, 5mMEDTA pH7.4), 5x denhalt solution (0.1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Twenty-two nights at 42 ° C in ficoll, 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone), then twice in 0.1xSSC (15mM NaCl, 1.5mM sodium citrate) for 5 minutes at room temperature and twice for 30 minutes at 65 ° C After washing, it was exposed to X-ray film.
- 5xSSPE 0.M NaCl, 50mM sodium phosphate, 5mMEDTA pH7.4
- 5x denhalt solution 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Twenty-two nights at 42 ° C in ficoll, 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone
- 0.1xSSC 15mM NaCl, 1.5mM sodium citrate
- a microchip http: ⁇ cdnaOl.dna.aifrc.g0.jp / RMOS / index.html
- a single-strand cDNA probe was prepared by reverse transcription of poly (A) -RNA extracted from cells treated with Elysium-untreated and treated for 15 minutes in the presence of cy5-dCTP, and the results were analyzed using an array scanner (Microarray scanner FLA8000 ( Fuj if ilm)).
- genes (SLR, OsGAI) considered to be gibberellin signal liberators have recently been reported (Ogawa, M., Kusano, T., Kaisumi, M., and Sano, H Rice gibberell in-insensitive gene homo log, OsGAI, encodes a nuclear-loicalized protein capable of gene activation at transc riptional level.Gene, 2000, 245, 21-29.Ikeda, A., Ueguchi-Tanaka, M., Sonoda, Y., Kitano, H., Kos ioka, M., Futsuhara, Y., Matsuoka, M., and Y amaguchi, J.
- slender rice a constitutive gibberellin response mutant, is caused by a null mutation of the SLRl gene, an ortholog of the height-regulating gene GAI / RGA / RHT / D8.
- the Plant Cell 2001, 13, 999-1010.
- C72495 is referred to as CIGR1 gene (base sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acid sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 2)
- AU94860 is referred to as CIGR2 gene (base sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 3, amino acid sequence is described in SEQ ID NO: 4) Named.
- the homology between the two at the nucleotide level was 57%, and the homology at the amino acid sequence level was 40%.
- genomic Southern hybridization both genes were considered to be present in one copy each (Fig. 3).
- Figure 4 shows putative molecular evolution lines of both gene products and the GRAS family gene product whose structure has been elucidated so far.
- the CIGR2 gene was considered to be more closely related to the Arabidopsis At SCL5 than the CIGR1 gene.
- Gibberellin signal repressors form a subfamily, suggesting that rice OsGAI (SLR) is closely related to CIGR1 gene.
- GRAS family 1 gene products are thought to be transcriptional regulators, but no information has been obtained on how they are involved in regulating gene expression.
- Arabidopsis Scarecrow does not have a typical nuclear translocation signal, it was presumed to be a transcription factor because of its high N-terminal serine, threonine, proline, and glutamine.
- Both the CI GR1 gene and the CI GR2 gene were identified as elicitor-responsive genes by DNA microarray analysis. Therefore, the elicitation response of both genes was analyzed by the Northern blot hybridization method. In both genes, a significant increase in mRNA levels was observed 5 minutes after treatment with chitin heptamer, and expression levels continued to increase until 90 minutes (Fig. 6a). Previous studies have shown that chitin oligomer activity on rice depends on its size, with the 7- or 8-mer having the strongest activity and the deacetylated chitosan oligomer having extremely low activity. Has become clearer.
- Tsukada et al. Compared elicitor-responsive responses in calli derived from seeds of the dl line with those of the wild type in detail, and showed that there was no significant difference (Tsukada, K., Ishizak a, M., Fujisawa, Y., Iwasaki, ⁇ ., Yamaguchi, ⁇ ., Mmami, ⁇ ., And Shibuya, ⁇ .Rice receptor for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor does not couple to heterotrimeric G— protein: Elicitor responses of suspension cultured ri ce cells from Daikoku dwarf ( dl) mutants lacking a functional G-protein ⁇ -subunit. Physiol. Plantrum, 2002, 116, 373-382).
- Figure 8 shows the effect of GA3 concentration on the induction of expression of both these genes.
- the expression of both genes started to be induced by GA3 treatment of 10_3 ⁇ 4, and reached almost saturated by 103 ⁇ 4.
- Vishnevetsky et al. (Vishnevetsky, M., Ovadis, M., Itzhaki, ⁇ ., A nd Vains tein, A. CHRC, encoding a chromoplas t-spec if ic carotenoid-assoc i ated protein, is an early gibberel l ie acid-respons ive gene. J. Biol . Che m.
- Gibberellin unlike auxin and cytokinin, is defined as a compound with an ent gibberane skeleton rather than a physiological activity, and therefore has a large difference in its activity.
- GA3 the expression induction by CI3 of the CIGR1 and IGR2 genes described above based on GA3 is based on its biological activity, or to determine whether the ent gibberane skeleton itself has the activity to induce both genes, (GA1, GA3, GA4), inactive (GA13, GA17) gibberellins (Crozier, A., Kuo, CC, Durley, RC, and Pharis, RP
- the biol ogical act ivi ties of 26 gibberel l The induction of expression of both these genes by ins in nine plant bioassays.
- Okadaic acid a protein phosphatase inhibitor, blocks calcium changes, gene expression and cell death induced by gibberellin in Wheat aleurone cells.
- the Plant Cell 1996, 8, 259-269. Induced by gibberellin of Q! amylase in wheat germ-lon layer specifically by okadaic acid, one of the protein dephosphorylation enzyme inhibitors I found it to be hindered.
- Okadaic acid is known to inhibit PP1 and PP2B among animal protein phosphatases.
- the protein kinase inhibitor susubrosporin and K-252-A hardly inhibited the signal transmission from gibberellin to the ⁇ -amylase gene. It was speculated that phosphatase is importantly involved.
- Labendastin A known as a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows almost the same inhibition as okadaic acid, and almost completely inhibits induction by chitin heptamer, but almost completely inhibits induction by GA3 (Fig. 1 1 C).
- K-252-A which is believed to inhibit both the protein serine / threonine kinase and the protein tyrosine kinase, almost completely inhibited the induction of both genes by chitin heptamer and GA3 (Fig. 11D).
- the present inventors have provided elicitor and gibberellin responsive plant genes in plants. Elici Yuichi Induces Various Defense-Related Enzyme Genes in Plants And trigger a defensive response. Therefore, the CIGR1 and CIGR2 genes induced by elicitor are greatly expected to be useful in disease-resistant recombinant products.
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CA002471375A CA2471375A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Chitin oligosaccharide elicitor-and gibberellin-responsive genes in plants, and uses thereof |
JP2003561314A JPWO2003054196A1 (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | 植物におけるキチンオリゴ糖エリシターおよびジベレリン応答遺伝子、並びに、その利用 |
AU2002361084A AU2002361084A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Chitin oligosaccharide elicitor- and gibberellin-responsive genes in plants, and uses thereof |
EP02791977A EP1466978A4 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | CHIENE OLIGOSACCHARIDE ELICTOR AND GIBBERELLIN SENSITIVE GENES IN PLANTS AND USES THEREOF |
US10/871,083 US20050034189A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-06-18 | Chitin oligosaccharide elicitor- and gibberellin-responsive genes in plants, and uses thereof |
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US6137031A (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-10-24 | Duke University | DNA binding proteins that interact with NPR1 |
WO2003054192A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | National Institute Of Agrobiological Sciences | Procede d'identification de genes sensibles a la gibberelline a l'aide de cellules vegetales cultivees |
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