Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/02—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
  • A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
  • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
  • A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
  • A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/06—Tripeptides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/67—Vitamins
  • A61K8/671—Vitamin A; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ester of vitamin A acid, ester of retinol, retinol, retinal
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/58—Metal complex; Coordination compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to the treatment of dermatological conditions, more specifically, of those conditions related to hyperpigmentation, by means of the topical application of compositions, effective therefor.
• Melanin is a dark pigment found in the skin of humans that is responsible for the darkening of the skin.
• Melanin is produced by specialized cells in the skin called malanocytes through a complicated series of chemical and enzymatic reactions, mainly involving the copper containing enzyme tyrosinase.
• the melanin pigments are packaged in granules called melanosomes.
• Melanosomes are transferred to the outer layer of the skin where they are responsible for the darkening of the skin, the degree of darkening being associated with skin type, sun exposure, and/or certain dermatological conditions.
• melanosis or melasma is a condition characterized by the development of sharply demarcated blotchy, brown spots usually in a symmetric distribution over the cheeks, forehead, and sometimes on the upper lip and neck. This condition frequently occurs during pregnancy (melasma gravidarum or "mask of pregnancy"), and at menopause. Also, this condition is frequently found among those taking oral contraceptives, and occasionally found among nonpregnant women who are not taking oral contraceptives, and sometimes among men.
• a pattern of facial hyperpigmentation, similar to that described above, may be associated with a chronic liver disease called chloasma.
• live spots One common condition associated with aging skin is the development of dark spots sometimes referred to as “liver spots.”
• Other forms of hyperpigmentation can be caused by UV irradiation, or result from a genetic predisposition for the condition, or may come about during the course of wound healing.
• peptide copper complexes that are useful for wound healing and skin health are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,760,051; 4,665,054; 4,877,770; 5,135,913 and 5,348,943, as well as in U.S. Patent Application No. 60/327,371.
• retinol vitamin A
• retinol derivatives in the treatment of aged or photodamaged skin
• retinol derivatives have been shown to reduce the signs of photoaging (see J. Invest. Dermatology 104(4): 518-522, 1995).
• Retinoic acid compositions, useful in skin treatment and cosmetic preparations have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,955,109; 5,719,195 and 4,126,693.
• compositions used for skin care applications comprising retinol, retinol derivatives, or mixtures thereof, in combination with other constituents, have also been described.
• compositions containing fatty acid amides in addition to retinol or retinyl ester are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,811,110.
• compositions containing geranyl geraniol in addition to retinol or retinyl esters are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,756,109.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,738,858 describes compositions containing fatty hydroxyethyl imidazoline surfactants, in addition to retinol or retinol.
• the present invention is directed to treating dermatological conditions related to hyperpigmentation of skin by means of the topically applying thereto compositions comprising at least one peptide copper complex. It has been surprisingly found that such compositions can be used topically to substantially diminish signs of hyperpigmentation found in, for example, aging skin.
• the present invention is directed to a method for treating hyperpigmentation of skin, by topically applying to areas of skin in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide copper complex.
• the composition further comprises retinol, a retinol derivative, or a mixture thereof. Topical application of an effective amount of the disclosed compositions to areas of skin in need of such treatment, results in significant reduction of the hyperpigmentation found on the areas contacted.
• compositions used also provide cosmetic preparations for skin, where the compositions further comprise an inert and physiologically-acceptable carrier or diluent, a skin-lightening agent, a sunscreen agent, a skin conditioning agent, a skin protectant, an emollient, a humectant, or a mixture thereof.
• the composition used to treat hyperpigmentation further comprises at least one active drug substance to, thereby, also provide a pharmaceutical preparation for skin.
• compositions used are formulated as emulsions and, accordingly, further comprise emulsifiers and surfactants.
• the compositions further comprise thickening or viscosity increasing agents, and in other specific embodiments, the compositions further comprise suitable excipients, and are in the form of a solution, cream, gel, fluid cream or milk, lotion, or oil.
• a method for treating hyperpigmentation of skin by topically applying to areas of skin in need thereof, an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one peptide copper complex.
• a composition comprising at least one peptide copper complex.
• the word “treat,” “treating” or “treatment” refers to using the compositions of the present invention either prophylactically to prevent hyperpigmentation, or to ameliorate an existing condition characterized by hyperpigmentation.
• the composition used further comprises retinol, at least one retinol derivative, or a mixture thereof
• compositions used for the above embodiments may be in any form suitable for topical application, including: a cream, a lotion, a gel and a solution.
• Some examples of compositions formulated as cosmetic preparations, useful for cleansing and protecting, in addition to treating, skin are: creams for the face, hands, feet, or the entire body (i.e., day creams, night creams, make-up removal creams, and foundation creams); make-up removal formulations; protective or skin care body milks; skin care lotions, gels, or foams (such as cleansing or disinfecting lotions); bath compositions; deodorant compositions; and aftershave and preshave gels or lotions.
• peptide copper complex refers to a coordination compound comprising a peptide molecule and a copper ion non- covalently complexed therewith.
• the peptide molecule serves as the complexing agent by donating electrons to the copper ion to yield the non- covalent complex.
• the peptide molecule is a chain of two or more amino acid units covalently bonded together via amide linkages (for example, -CONH-), the formation of such linkages being accompanied by the elimination of water.
• the amino acid units are from amino acids that are naturally occurring or otherwise. Also, at least one amide linkage nitrogen atom may have covalently bonded thereto either a hydrogen atom or another moiety.
• an amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an amino acid side-chain moiety - all bonded, in the case of an alpha-amino acid, to a single carbon atom that is referred to as an alpha-carbon.
• the amino acid units of the peptide copper complexes used for the methods of the present invention may be provided by amino acids other than alpha-amino acids.
• the amino acids may be beta- or gamma-amino acids, such as those shown below.
• Naturally occurring amino acids that is, amino acids from which the amino acid units of naturally occurring proteins are derived, and their respective naturally occurring, amino acid side chain moieties, are shown below in Table 1. These naturally occurring amino acids are all in the L configuration, referring to the optical orientation of the alpha carbon or other carbon atom bearing the amino acid side chain. A peptide molecule may also comprise amino acids that are in the D optical configuration.
• copper peptide complex is alanyl-histidyl- lysine:copper(ll). Copper(ll), as is well understood by the skilled artisan, designates a copper ion having a valence of 2 (e.g., Cu +2 ). Additional examples of the peptide copper complexes, encompassed in embodiments of the present invention, include, but are not limited to, those described in U.S. Patent Nos.
• Copper is known to have many beneficial biological applications and effecting cosmetic improvements by, or example, stimulating a variety of processes related to skin, such as collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan production (see, e.g., Maquart, F. X., Pickart, L., Laurent, M., Gillery, P., Monboisse, J. C, Borel, J. P., "Stimulation of Collagen Synthesis in Fibroblast Cultures by the Tripeptide-Copper Complex Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine- Copper(2+)," FEBS Lett. 238(2): 343-346, 1988; Wegrowski, Y., Maquart, F. X. and Borel, J.
• Copper salts alone are ineffective, or even inhibitory, for such applications.
• the copper must be delivered in a biologically acceptable form.
• a biologically acceptable carrier molecule such as a peptide, it may then be effectively delivered to cells.
• the at least one peptide copper complex used therefor is alanyl- histidyl-lysine:copper(ll) ("AHK-Cu"), valyl-histidyl-lysine:copper(ll) ("VHK-Cu”), or glycyl-histidyl-lysine:copper(ll) (GHK-Cu").
• copper(ll) designates a copper ion having a valence of 2 (e.g., Cu +2 ).
• such peptides may be in either the L or D form. In a related, more specific embodiment, they are all in the L form.
• peptide copper complex encompasses peptide copper complex derivatives.
• the amino acid side-chain moieties of the peptide copper complex derivatives may include alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, or aryloxy moieties.
• alkyl means a straight chain or branched, cyclic or noncyclic, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Representative saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and the like; while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, te/f-butyl, isopentyl, and the like.
• saturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, -CH 2 cyclohexyl, and the like; while unsaturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.
• Unsaturated alkyls contain at least one double or triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms (referred to as an "alkenyl” or “alkynyl, " respectively).
• Representative alkenyls include ethylenyl, 1-butenyl, isobutylenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like; while representative alkynyls include acetylenyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, and the like.
• aryl means an aromatic carbocyclic moiety such as phenyl or naphthyl, and may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Arylalkyl as used herein, means an alkyl having at least one alkyl hydrogen atom replaced with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety, such as benzyl (i.e., -CH 2 phenyl, -(CH 2 ) 2 phenyl, -(CH 2 ) 3 phenyl, -CH(phenyl) 2 , and the like).
• amino acid side-chain moieties of alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine may generally be classified as alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl moieties.
• Alkoxy and aryloxy refer, respectively, to alky and aryl moieties, as defined above, but each further comprising an oxygen atom used to link the moiety to the amino acid.
• the peptide copper complex derivative may, for example, be N-alkylated at one or more peptide bonds; and/or its carboxyl terminus may be esterified, for example, with a methyl, ethyl, or benzyl group, or may be reduced to a hydroxy or aldehyde. Additionally, the peptide copper complex derivative may, for example, be N-alkylated, N-acylated or N- sulfonylated at the amino terminus with, for example, methyl, benzyl, acetyl, benzoyl, methanesulfonyl, or fluorenyloxycarbonyl moieties.
• peptide copper complex derivatives encompassed in embodiments of the present invention, include, but are not limited to, those disclosed and described in the above-cited U.S. Patents that are directed to peptide copper complexes, as well as those disclosed and described in the published PCT application having the international publication number WO 94/03482, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the method of the present invention uses a composition comprising a peptide copper complex derivative that is a derivative of GHK-Cu having the general formula:
• R is an alkyl moiety containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl moiety containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl moiety, an alkoxy moiety containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy moiety containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• compositions may be prepared from aqueous solutions of peptide copper complexes.
• solutions are prepared by methods that are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, an amount of dried peptide copper complex suitable for a desired concentration is readily dissolved in water with mixing and gentle heating.
• An alternative method is to prepare a solution of the desired peptide, followed by the addition of a copper salt in the desired molar ratio to yield the desired solution of the peptide copper complex.
• copper salts that may be used are cupric chloride and cupric acetate.
• the compositions used therefor comprise at least one peptide copper complex at a concentration, by weight of the composition, ranging from about 0.01% to about 5%, from about 0.025% to about 1%, and from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, respectively.
• the molar ratio of peptide to copper in the peptide copper complex ranges from about 1 :1 to about 3:1 in some embodiments, and from about 1:1 to about 2:1 in other embodiments.
• the composition used comprises at least one peptide copper complex that is formulated in an instrument allowing the delivery of the peptide copper complex via iontophoresis to the area of skin in need of treatment.
• compositions that comprise retinol, a retinol derivative, or a mixture thereof, in addition to a peptide copper complex.
• Retinol is also known as vitamin A and has the formula 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2, 6, 6-trimethyl-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol.
• Other terms that are used for retinol are axerophthol and vitamin A alcohol.
• compositions comprising retinol the isomeric forms of the retinol used are: all-trans-retinol; 1 ,3-cis-retinol; 3,4-didehydro-retinol; and 9-cis-retinol, respectively.
• the latter is an ester of retinol selected from C 1 -C 30 esters of retinol; C 2 -C 20 esters of retinol; and C 2 , C 3 , and C- ⁇ 6 esters of retinol, respectively.
• the ester of retinol may be retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate and retinyl propionate.
• Other retinol derivatives that may be used are retinoic acid or retinyl aldehyde.
• the concentration of the retinol, retinol derivative, or mixture thereof ranges from about 0.001% to about 10% in some embodiments; from about 0.01% to about 1% in other embodiments; and from about 0.01% to about 0.5% in yet other embodiments, by weight of the composition.
• the compositions used therefor may comprise at least one active agent in addition to a peptide copper complex, and retinol, a retinol derivative, or a mixture thereof.
• the composition is formulated as a pharmaceutical preparation and comprises at least one active drug substance.
• the composition further comprises at least one active agent for rendering the composition suitable as a cosmetic preparation.
• Active agents are compounds that provide benefits to the skin and/or provide desirable properties to a composition formulated as a cosmetic preparation.
• Some examples of active agents, other than drug substances are sunscreen agents, skin-lightening agents, tanning agents, skin conditioning agents, skin protectants, emollients and humectants.
• the sunscreen agents included in compositions used for certain embodiments of the present invention are active ingredients that absorb, reflect, or scatter radiation in the UV range at wavelengths from 290 to 400 nanometers.
• active ingredients include benzophenone-3 (oxybenzone), benzophenone-4 (sulisobenzone), benzophenone-8 (dioxybenzone), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone), DEA-methoxycinnamate
• sunscreen agents may be used in the compositions and preparations of the present invention.
• the skin-lightening agents included in compositions used for certain embodiments include ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, kojic acid and derivatives thereof, hydroquinone, azelaic acid, and various plant extracts such as those from licorice, grape seed, and bear berry.
• skin-lightening agents may be included in the compositions used for some of the methods of the present invention.
• conditioning agents are also included in the compositions used for other particular embodiments directed to the methods of the present invention. These agents comprise substances that enhance the appearance of dry or damaged skin, as well as materials that adhere to the skin to reduce flaking, restore suppleness, and generally improve the appearance of skin.
• skin conditioning agents include: acetyl cysteine, N-acetyl dihydrosphingosine, acrylates/behenyl acrylate/dimethicone acrylate copolymer, adenosine, adenosine cyclic phosphate, adensosine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, alanine, albumen, algae extract, allantoin and deriviatives, aloe barbadensis extracts, aluminum PCA, amyloglucosidase, arbutin, arginine, azulene, bromelain, buttermilk powder, butylene glycol, caffeine, calcium gluconate, capsaicin, carbocysteine, carnosine, beta-carotene, casein, catalase, cephalins, ceramides, chamomilla recutita (matricaria) flower extract, cholecalciferol, cholesteryl esters, adenos
• skin conditioning agents that may be included in the compositions used for the present invention are: lactoferrin, lanosterol, lauryl PCA, lecithin, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lipase, lysine, lysozyme, malt extract, maltodextrin, melanin, methionine, mineral salts, niacin, niacinamide, oat amino acids, oryzanol, palmitoyl hydrolyzed proteins, pancreatin, papain, PEG, pepsin, phospholipids, phytosterols, placental enzymes, placental lipids, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, quercetin, resorcinol acetate, riboflavin, RNA, saccharomyces lysate extract, silk amino acids, sphingolipids, stearamidopropyl betaine, stearyl palmitate, tocopherol, to
• compositions that include at least one skin protectant, defined herein as a compound that protects injured or exposed skin or mucous membrane surfaces from harmful or irritating external compounds.
• skin protectant defined herein as a compound that protects injured or exposed skin or mucous membrane surfaces from harmful or irritating external compounds.
• Representative examples include: algae extract, allantoin, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, betaine, camellia sinensis leaf extract, cerebrosides, dimethicone, glucuronolactone, glycerin, kaolin, lanolin, malt extract, mineral oil, petrolatum, potassium gluconate, and talc.
• skin protectants other than those listed above, may be included in the compositions used for the methods of the present invention.
• compositions that comprise one or more emollients.
• An emollient as the term is used herein, is a cosmetic ingredient that can help skin maintain a soft, smooth, and pliable appearance. Emollients are able to provide these benefits, largely owing to their ability to remain on the skin surface or in the stratum corneum to act as a lubricant and reduce flaking.
• emollients suitable for embodiments of this invention, are: acetyl arginine, acetylated lanolin, algae extract, apricot kernel oil PEG-6 esters, avocado oil PEG-11 esters, bis-PEG-4 dimethicone, butoxyethyl stearate, C 18 -C 36 acid glycol ester, C ⁇ 2 -C 13 alkyl lactate, caprylyl glycol, cetyl esters, cetyl laurate, coconut oil PEG-10 esters, di-C ⁇ 2 -C ⁇ 3 alkyl tartrate, diethyl sebacate, dihydrocholesteryl butyrate, dimethiconol, dimyristyl tartrate, disteareth-5 lauroyl glutamate, ethyl avocadate, ethylhexyl myristate, glyceryl isostearates, glyceryl oleate, hexyldecyl
• emollients other than those listed above, may also be used.
• Humectants may also be included in the compositions used for the methods of additional particular embodiments.
• Humectants are cosmetic ingredients that help maintain moisture levels in skin.
• humectants are: acetyl arginine, algae extract, aloe barbadensis leaf extract, betaine, 2,3-butanediol, chitosan lauroyl glycinate, diglycereth-7 malate, diglycerin, diglycol guanidine succinate, erythritol, fructose, glucose, glycerin, honey, hydrolyzed wheat protein/PEG-20 acetate copolymer, hydroxypropyltrimonium hyaluronate, inositol, lactitol, maltitol, maltose, mannitol, mannose, methoxy PEG, myristamidobutyl guanidine acetate, polyglyceryl sorbitol, potassium PCA, propylene glycol, sodium PCA, sorbitol, sucrose, and urea.
• Other humectants may be used for yet additional embodiment
• compositions employed in the methods of certain embodiments of the present invention may also contain inert, physiologically acceptable carriers or diluents.
• suitable carriers or diluents include, but are not limited to: water, physiological saline, bacteriostatic saline (e.g., saline containing 0.9 mg/ml benzyl alcohol), petrolatum based creams (e.g., USP hydrophilic ointments and similar creams), various types of pharmaceutically acceptable gels, and short chain alcohols and glycols (e.g., ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol).
• Disclosed methods may, in some embodiments, employ compositions that comprise additional ingredients such as fatty alcohols, fatty acids, organic or inorganic bases, preserving agents, wax esters, steroid alcohols, triglyceride esters, phospholipids such as lecithin and cephalin, polyhydric alcohol esters, fatty alcohol ethers, hydrophilic lanolin derivatives, hydrophilic beeswax derivatives, cocoa butter waxes, silicon oils, pH balancers, cellulose derivatives, and hydrocarbon oils such as palm oil, coconut oil, and mineral oil.
• additional ingredients such as fatty alcohols, fatty acids, organic or inorganic bases, preserving agents, wax esters, steroid alcohols, triglyceride esters, phospholipids such as lecithin and cephalin, polyhydric alcohol esters, fatty alcohol ethers, hydrophilic lanolin derivatives, hydrophilic beeswax derivatives, cocoa butter waxes, silicon oils, pH balancers
• compositions and preparations include emulsifying agents, thickening agents, and surfactants.
• emulsifiers and surfactants may be included in those compositions used for the present invention that are formulated as emulsions.
• Either water in oil or oil in water emulsions may be formulated.
• suitable surfactants and emulsifying agents include: nonionic ethoxylated and nonethoxylated surfactants, abietic acid, almond oil PEG, beeswax, butylglucoside caprate, C ⁇ s-C 36 acid glycol ester, C 9 -C 15 alkyl phosphate, caprylic/capric triglyceride PEG-4 esters, ceteareth-7, cetyl alcohol, cetyl phosphate, corn oil PEG esters, DEA-cetyl phosphate, dextrin laurate, dilaureth-7 citrate, dimyristyl phosphate, glycereth-17 cocoate, glyceryl erucate, glyceryl laurate, hydrogenated castor oil PEG
• compositions used therefor also comprise thickening or viscosity increasing agents.
• suitable examples include those agents commonly used in skin care preparations, such as: acrylamides copolymer, agarose, amylopectin, bentonite, calcium alginate, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, carbomer, carboxymethyl chitin, cellulose gum, dextrin, gelatin, hydrogenated tallow, hydroxytheylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxpropyl starch, magnesium alginate, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, various PEG's, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol,, various PPG's, sodium acrylates copolymer, sodium carrageenan, xanthan gum, and yeast beta-glucan.
• compositions used for the methods of the present invention being products for topical application to human skin, are, accordingly, formulated as a cream, gel, fluid cream or milk, lotion, or oil.
• the above compositions may be further combined with suitable excipients adapted for application to the face and neck. Suitable excipients should have a high affinity for the skin, be well tolerated, stable, and yield a consistency that allows for easy and pleasant utilization.
• a small amount of the composition (from about 1 ml to about 5 ml) is applied to exposed areas of skin from a suitable container or applicator, and, if necessary, the composition is then spread over and/or rubbed into the skin using the hand, finger, or other suitable device.
• a composition disclosed herein is typically packaged in a container that is appropriate in view of its viscosity and intended use by the consumer.
• a lotion or fluid cream may be packaged in a bottle, roll-ball applicator, capsule, propellant-driven aerosol device, or a container fitted with a manually operated pump.
• a cream may simply be stored in a non- deformable bottle, or in a squeeze container, such as a tube or a lidded jar.
• PPG-1-trideceth-6 0.40% ethylhexyl isononanoate 20.00% cetyl dimethicone copolyol 1.00%
• compositions of the present invention were demonstrated in an 8 week study involving twelve female human subjects having ages ranging from 41 to 55 years and a mean age of 46. Each of the subjects applied a moisturizing cream similar to that of Example 2, except for containing 0.25% glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex instead of L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex. The cream was applied twice each day - once in the morning and once at night. At the beginning of the study, and at week 8, the amount and extent of hyperpigmentation was assessed by a clinician using the following scale.

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• 2002
  • 2002-10-04 WO PCT/US2002/032793 patent/WO2003047543A1/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2002-10-04 JP JP2003548799A patent/JP2005511650A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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