WO2003047315A1 - Lamp made from a translucent crystal mineral, the production and assembly method thereof - Google Patents

Lamp made from a translucent crystal mineral, the production and assembly method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003047315A1
WO2003047315A1 PCT/MX2001/000071 MX0100071W WO03047315A1 WO 2003047315 A1 WO2003047315 A1 WO 2003047315A1 MX 0100071 W MX0100071 W MX 0100071W WO 03047315 A1 WO03047315 A1 WO 03047315A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lamp
mineral
stone
base
focus
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PCT/MX2001/000071
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Francisco MAGANA CAMPOS
Original Assignee
Magana Campos Jose Francisco
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Publication date
Application filed by Magana Campos Jose Francisco filed Critical Magana Campos Jose Francisco
Priority to PCT/MX2001/000071 priority Critical patent/WO2003047315A1/en
Priority to AU2001294337A priority patent/AU2001294337A1/en
Publication of WO2003047315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003047315A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
    • F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical field of the lighting and decoration industry.
  • Lamp means any device used for artificial lighting.
  • the earliest forms of lamps were burning sticks or containers filled with embers. They were then used to light long-lasting torches, consisting of bundles of branches or chips of resinous wood, tied and soaked in tallow or oil to improve their combustion qualities.
  • the exact origin of the oil lamp, the first authentic lamp, is unknown, but it was already in widespread use in Greece in the 4th century B.C.
  • the first such lamps were open vessels made of stone, clay, bone, or shell, in which tallow or oil was burned. Later they became partially closed sebum or oil deposits, with a small hole in which a linen or cotton wick was placed. The fuel rose through the wick by capillary action and burned at the end of it.
  • the fluorescent lamp is another type of electric discharge device used for general lighting applications. It is a low pressure mercury vapor lamp contained in a glass tube, coated inside with a fluorescent material known as phosphor. Radiation in the arc of the vapor lamp causes the phosphor to fluoresce.
  • the arc radiation is invisible ultraviolet light, but this radiation is converted into visible light by exciting the phosphor.
  • An advance in the field of electric lighting is the use of luminescence, known as panel lighting.
  • the phosphor particles are suspended in a thin layer of insulating material, such as plastic. This layer is sandwiched between two conductive plates, one of which is a translucent substance, like glass, coated on the inside with a thin film of tin oxide. Since the two conductors act as electrodes, when the phosphor is crossed by an alternating current, it causes it to light up.
  • the lamps are generally made up of a base that is usually made of ceramic, plastic, clay, glass, wood, brass, etc.
  • the base is integrated into the upper part of the focus, which is usually of different sizes and capacities, and a screen is placed over the focus, the purpose of which is to dim or intensify the light, depending on the needs.
  • the screen most of the time is made of fabrics, although there are also glass, vine, acrylic and plastic. These materials such as vines and plastic are dangerous because if they get too hot it can cause them to light up and cause fires, not only for the same material they are made of but also for the lacquers and varnishes that, together with the vines or plastic, give as a result a highly flammable product.
  • the screens do not always dim the light enough, but rather intensify it, causing people to be dazzled by the light they emit.
  • the present invention transforms the matter already existing in nature, as a result of the inventive activity to obtain a lamp, by means of a totally novel process, resulting in a lamp that in addition to totally new process, resulting in a lamp that in addition to satisfying a human need such as lighting, manages to be an object of ornamentation. It also contributes a novel system to the current state of the art, which I will detail later in the description of the invention chapter.
  • Figure 1 shows the view of the base of the lamp, where the two holes are visible: the focus hole (No. 1) and the cable hole (No. 2), as well as the mutes (No. 3).
  • Figure 2 shows the front view of a cut in the middle of the stone showing the hole in the spotlight (No. 1), the hole in the cable (No. 2), the mutes (No. 3). shows lighting system of the lamp, the bulb (No. 4), the bakelite plug (No. 5), the cable (No. 6), the lock or strap (No. 7) and the disc damper (No. . 8).
  • Figure 3 shows the view of the base of the lamp already made, showing the cable hole (No. 2), the plastic mutes (No. 3), the cable (No. 6), the damper disc (No. 8) and the plug (No. 9) that covers the hole of the bulb (No. 1). It is in this way that the base of the lamp is observed once assembled.
  • the decoration lamps are made of different materials, from clay, ceramic, glass, brass, vine, plastic, etc. All with the same characteristics and the same elements that make up the lamp, which are: the base, the lampshade and the spotlight.
  • the essential characteristic is that the idea that the lamp must have the aforementioned elements is changed, and translucent crystal minerals are used, which replace the lampshade, which may be selenite, which has the following properties, chemically resembles sulfur and is related to telluride.
  • Calcite a mineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaC03).
  • calcite With crystallization in the hexagonal system, calcite is known for the wide variety of crystalline forms it adopts. Examples of these crystalline varieties are grain sparrow, pig tooth spar, nail head spar, dog tooth spar, satin spar and Iceland spar. The latter is the only state of pure calcite found in nature. Limestone, gypsum, travertine, eastern alabaster, and marble are some of the most common massive forms of the mineral. Calcite is also found in the form of stalactites and calcareous tuffs, both formed from mineral water deposits. In addition to the variety of minerals of translucent crystals formed from calcium carbonates such as florite.
  • a lamp can be manufactured in any translucent crystal mineral that has the aforementioned characteristics.
  • the mineral is extracted from quarries or deposits where the mineral is found, which can be any translucent crystal mineral that I have already mentioned previously. (Selenite, variety of Quartz, Calcites, calcium carbonates). Once they are manually extracted with metal bars, the pieces that can be used to make the lamps are selected, according to their size, color and translucency, it is a fact that the designs are unique, the so-called impurities of the material in this case is what gives the different shades to the light emitted by the lamp.
  • the piece that was selected is cut with a diamond disk to give it the base where it is held, then it adheres to an adapted 15.24 cm press and a manual press 25.4 cm, to prevent the piece from splitting or disintegrating when drilling the two holes at its base with a carbon steel drill bit if the mineral is selenite and in other minerals a diamond drill bit is used, if the size of the The stone is large enough that three holes can be made, two of which are larger in size to deposit two bulbs.
  • One of the holes the largest one that will be where the focus is entered (No. 1) with the plug, is usually drilled with bits of different sizes depending on the size of the stone and the focus, the smallest hole where The electric cable will enter (No.
  • the next step is to wash the mineral with pressure water in order to remove superficial impurities such as dust, roots, and other minerals that are superficially adhered. Then it is left to dry in the sun.
  • standard solvent varnish is placed on its surface, either manually or with a pressure gun, in order to highlight its shine and natural tonality as well as increase the details.
  • the varnish also allows the stone to be sealed to prevent its detachment or crumbling.
  • the varnish is left to dry outdoors, for about an hour.
  • plastic mutes (No. 3) of caliber number 1 are glued to the base. Four or more mutes can be glued on, it can vary, depending on the size of the stone.
  • the mutes are intended so that the lamp does not damage the surface where it is located, especially delicate surfaces such as wood, glass, chipboard or tiles to name a few examples. Likewise, the mutes allow the lamp to obtain a space between the base of the stone and the surface where it is located, so that the electrical cable comes out of this free space.
  • These mutes are glued with Cyanoacrylate-based adhesive, which when added to the mute results in the plastic vulcanizing, when adhering to the mineral piece it is perfectly attached. Having the piece of mineral clean, with lacquer, and with the two holes, all that remains is to assemble the pieces that make up the lamp. That they are a spotlight (No.
  • the mineral does not heat up despite the fact that the light source is on for long periods of time, since due to the characteristics of the mineral it allows heat to dissipate and spread without heating the surface of the stone. Also radiating a faint and diaphanous light, through the surface of the translucent crystal mineral.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the industrial light and decoration sector. More specifically, the invention relates to a lamp comprising a translucent crystal mineral which can be made from selenite-variety crystalline gypsum, all varieties of quartz or calcites. The invention also relates to the production method thereof and to an improved connection system which provides the lamp with greater mobility and ease of transport, while protecting the bulb inside the stone. According to the invention, the surface of the lamp does not heat up owing to the characteristics of the mineral and, thus, heat can dissipate and spread without heating the surface of the stone. In this way, a low, diaphanous light radiates through the surface of the translucent crystal mineral.

Description

LÁMPARA DE MINERALES DE CRISTAL TRASLÚCIDO, PROCESO DE TRANSLUCENT CRYSTAL MINERAL LAMP, PROCESS OF
ELABORACIÓN Y ENSAMBLE. ANTECEDENTES La presente invención se encuentra en el campo técnico de la industria de la iluminación y decoración.ELABORATION AND ASSEMBLY. BACKGROUND The present invention is in the technical field of the lighting and decoration industry.
Se entiende por lámpara a cualquier dispositivo empleado para la iluminación artificial. Las primeras formas de lámpara eran palos ardientes o recipientes llenos de brasas. Luego se utilizaron para alumbrar antorchas de larga duración, formadas por haces de ramas o astillas de madera resinosa, atados y empapados en sebo o aceite para mejorar sus cualidades de combustión. Se desconoce el origen exacto de la lámpara de aceite, la primera lámpara auténtica, pero ya se empleaba de forma generalizada en Grecia en el siglo IV a.C. Las primeras lámparas de este tipo eran recipientes abiertos fabricados con piedra, arcilla, hueso o concha, en los que se quemaba sebo o aceite. Más tarde pasaron a ser depósitos de sebo o aceite parcialmente cerrados, con un pequeño agujero en el que se colocaba una mecha de lino o algodón. El combustible ascendía por la mecha por acción capilar y ardía en el extremo de la misma.Lamp means any device used for artificial lighting. The earliest forms of lamps were burning sticks or containers filled with embers. They were then used to light long-lasting torches, consisting of bundles of branches or chips of resinous wood, tied and soaked in tallow or oil to improve their combustion qualities. The exact origin of the oil lamp, the first authentic lamp, is unknown, but it was already in widespread use in Greece in the 4th century B.C. The first such lamps were open vessels made of stone, clay, bone, or shell, in which tallow or oil was burned. Later they became partially closed sebum or oil deposits, with a small hole in which a linen or cotton wick was placed. The fuel rose through the wick by capillary action and burned at the end of it.
Las lámparas modernas se desarrollaron bastante durante el siglo XVIII en el cual se produjo un gran avance en las lámparas cuando las mechas redondas fueron sustituidas por mechas planas, que proporcionaban una llama mayor. El químico suizo Aimé Argand inventó una lámpara que empleaba una mecha tubular encerrada entre dos cilindros metálicos. El cilindro interior se extendía hasta más abajo del depósito de combustible y proporcionaba un tiro interno. Argand también descubrió el principio del quinqué, en el que un tubo de vidrio mejora el tiro de la lámpara y hace que arda con más brillo y no produzca humo, además de proteger la llama del viento. El tiro cilindrico interior se adaptó después para utilizarlo en lámparas de gas.Modern lamps were developed quite a bit during the 18th century in which a breakthrough in lamps occurred when round wicks were replaced by flat wicks, which provided a higher flame. Swiss chemist Aimé Argand invented a lamp that used a tubular wick enclosed between two metal cylinders. The inner cylinder extended below the fuel tank and provided an internal draft. Argand also discovered the principle of lamp, in which a glass tube improves the draft of the lamp and makes it burn brighter and smoke-free, in addition to protecting the flame from the wind. The interior cylindrical draft was later adapted for use in gas lamps.
Después de que se introdujera el gas del alumbrado a principios del siglo XIX este combustible empezó a usarse para la iluminación de las ciudades. Se empleaban tres tipos de lámpara de gas: el quemador de tipo Argand, los quemadores de abanico, en los que el gas salía de una rendija o de un par de agujeros en el extremo del quemador y ardía formando una llama plana, y la lámpara de gas incandescente, en la que la llama de gas calentaba una redecilla muy fina de óxido de torio (llamada camisa) hasta el rojo blanco. En los lugares a los que no llegaba el suministro de gas se seguían empleando quinqués de aceite. Hasta mediados del siglo XIX el principal combustible para esas lámparas era el aceite de ballena. Dicho material fue completamente sustituido por el queroseno, que tenía la ventaja de ser limpio, barato y seguro. A finales del siglo XLX, ambas formas de iluminación dieron paso a las lámparas eléctricas incandescentes y fluorescentes. Existen distintos tipos de lámparas como la de neón, la cual se compone de una ampolla o tubo de vidrio, con dos electrodos, que contiene gas neón a baja presión. Esta lámpara produce una luz anaranjada- rojiza cuando la tensión eléctrica aplicada entre ambos electrodos es lo bastante grande para ionizar el gas contenido en el tubo. La tensión a la que la lámpara empieza a brillar depende del diseño del tubo. La lámpara fluorescente es otro tipo de dispositivo de descarga eléctrica empleado para aplicaciones generales de iluminación. Se trata de una lámpara de vapor de mercurio de baja presión contenida en un tubo de vidrio, revestido en su interior con un material fluorescente conocido como fósforo. La radiación en el arco de la lámpara de vapor hace que el fósforo se torne fluorescente. La mayor parte de la radiación del arco es luz ultravioleta invisible, pero esta radiación se convierte en luz visible al excitar al fósforo. Un avance en el campo de la iluminación eléctrica es el uso de la luminiscencia, conocida como iluminación de paneles. En este caso, las partículas de fósforo se hallan suspendidas en una fina capa de material aislante, como por ejemplo el plástico. Esta capa se intercala entre dos placas conductoras, una de las cuales es una sustancia translúcida, como el vidrio, revestida en su interior con una fina película de óxido de estaño. Como los dos conductores actúan como electrodos, al ser atravesado el fósforo por una corriente alterna hace que se ilumine. Estos son los antecedentes de la industria de la iluminación, con fines de ornato por lo general las lámparas están formadas por una base que suele ser de cerámica, plástico, barro, vidrio, madera, de latón, etc. A la base se le integra en su parte superior el foco, el cual suele ser de distintos tamaños y capacidad, y sobre el foco se pone una pantalla, cuya finalidad es atenuar o intensificar la luz, según sean las necesidades. La pantalla la mayoría de las veces esta hecha de telas, aunque también las hay de vidrio, bejuco, acrílico y plástico. Estos materiales como el bejuco y plástico resulte peligroso ya que si se calienta demasiado puede producir que se encienda y produzca incendios, no sólo por el mismo material en que están hechas sino también por las lacas y barnices que junto con el bejuco o plástico, dan como resultado un producto altamente inflamable. Además no siempre las pantallas atenúan lo suficiente la luz, sino que la intensifican, provocando encandilar a las personas con la luz que emiten. En cambio con la luz emitida por las lámparas de mi invención, se obtiene una luz tenue y relajante para la vista humana. La industria de la iluminación se ha desarrollado al grado de que las lámparas no sólo son un producto indispensable y útil para la vida diaria, sino objetos de decoración de los hogares y oficinas del mundo actual.After lighting gas was introduced in the early 19th century, this fuel began to be used for city lighting. I know They used three types of gas lamps: the Argand type burner, the fan burners, in which the gas came out of a slit or a couple of holes in the end of the burner and burned forming a flat flame, and the incandescent gas, in which the gas flame heated a very fine thorium oxide hairnet (called a shirt) to white red. In places where the gas supply did not reach, oil quinques were still used. Until the mid-19th century, the main fuel for these lamps was whale oil. This material was completely replaced by kerosene, which had the advantage of being clean, cheap and safe. At the end of the XLX century, both forms of lighting gave way to incandescent and fluorescent electric lamps. There are different types of lamps such as the neon lamp, which consists of a glass ampoule or tube, with two electrodes, containing neon gas at low pressure. This lamp produces a reddish-orange light when the electrical voltage applied between both electrodes is large enough to ionize the gas contained in the tube. The voltage at which the lamp begins to glow depends on the tube design. The fluorescent lamp is another type of electric discharge device used for general lighting applications. It is a low pressure mercury vapor lamp contained in a glass tube, coated inside with a fluorescent material known as phosphor. Radiation in the arc of the vapor lamp causes the phosphor to fluoresce. Most of the arc radiation is invisible ultraviolet light, but this radiation is converted into visible light by exciting the phosphor. An advance in the field of electric lighting is the use of luminescence, known as panel lighting. In this case, the phosphor particles are suspended in a thin layer of insulating material, such as plastic. This layer is sandwiched between two conductive plates, one of which is a translucent substance, like glass, coated on the inside with a thin film of tin oxide. Since the two conductors act as electrodes, when the phosphor is crossed by an alternating current, it causes it to light up. These are the background of the industry lighting, for decoration purposes the lamps are generally made up of a base that is usually made of ceramic, plastic, clay, glass, wood, brass, etc. The base is integrated into the upper part of the focus, which is usually of different sizes and capacities, and a screen is placed over the focus, the purpose of which is to dim or intensify the light, depending on the needs. The screen most of the time is made of fabrics, although there are also glass, vine, acrylic and plastic. These materials such as vines and plastic are dangerous because if they get too hot it can cause them to light up and cause fires, not only for the same material they are made of but also for the lacquers and varnishes that, together with the vines or plastic, give as a result a highly flammable product. In addition, the screens do not always dim the light enough, but rather intensify it, causing people to be dazzled by the light they emit. On the other hand, with the light emitted by the lamps of my invention, a dim light is obtained that is relaxing for the human eye. The lighting industry has developed to the point that lamps are not only an indispensable and useful product for daily life, but decorative objects for homes and offices in today's world.
Se puede encontrar un tipo de lámpara que se fabrica en cuarzo, que consta de una base de madera, que se le inserta un enchufe, al cual se coloca un foco, sobre éste se pone la piedra que es de cuarzo tallado, utilizándose como lámpara decorativa, pero al ser necesaria la base de madera, hace que la lámpara carezca de movilidad y sea dependiente de su misma base, lo que impide su fácil transportación. Además la piedra no esta fija a la base, esto con el fin de que, si se fundiera el foco, poder retirarse la piedra y cambiarlo, lo cual provoca que si no se maneja con cuidado la lámpara, se deslice la piedra y rompa el foco, como consecuencia dicha lámpara es delicada y frágil en su uso común y corriente.You can find a type of lamp that is made of quartz, which consists of a wooden base, a plug is inserted, to which a light bulb is placed, on which the stone that is carved quartz is placed, being used as a lamp decorative, but as the wooden base is necessary, it makes the lamp lack mobility and is dependent on its base, which prevents easy transportation. In addition, the stone is not fixed to the base, this so that, if the bulb melts, the stone can be removed and changed, which causes that if the lamp is not handled carefully, the stone slides and breaks the focus, as a consequence said lamp is delicate and fragile in its common and ordinary use.
La presente invención, transforma la materia ya existente en la naturaleza, como resultado de la actividad inventiva para obtener una lámpara, por medio de un proceso totalmente novedoso, dando como resultado una lámpara que además de proceso totalmente novedoso, dando como resultado una lámpara que además de satisfacer una necesidad del ser humano como lo es la iluminación , logra ser un objeto de ornamentación. Que además aporta un sistema novedoso al estado de la técnica actual, que más adelante detallaré en el capítulo de descripción de la invención. The present invention transforms the matter already existing in nature, as a result of the inventive activity to obtain a lamp, by means of a totally novel process, resulting in a lamp that in addition to totally new process, resulting in a lamp that in addition to satisfying a human need such as lighting, manages to be an object of ornamentation. It also contributes a novel system to the current state of the art, which I will detail later in the description of the invention chapter.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Los detalles característicos de esta novedosa invención se muestran en la siguiente descripción y en las figuras que se acompañan, con los signos de referencia para indicar las partes que se muestran.The characteristic details of this novel invention are shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, with reference signs to indicate the parts shown.
La figura 1 muestra la vista de la base de la lámpara, en donde se aprecian los dos orificios el del foco(No. 1) y el orificio del cable(No. 2), además se aprecian las sordinas(No. 3).Figure 1 shows the view of the base of the lamp, where the two holes are visible: the focus hole (No. 1) and the cable hole (No. 2), as well as the mutes (No. 3).
La figura 2 muestra la vista frontal de un corte de la mitad de la piedra en donde se aprecia el orificio del foco(No. 1), el orificio del cable(No. 2), las sordinas(No. 3), además se muestra sistema de iluminación de la lámpara, el foco(No. 4), el enchufe de baquelita(No. 5), el cable(No. 6), la traba o cincho(No. 7) y el apagador de disco(No. 8).Figure 2 shows the front view of a cut in the middle of the stone showing the hole in the spotlight (No. 1), the hole in the cable (No. 2), the mutes (No. 3). shows lighting system of the lamp, the bulb (No. 4), the bakelite plug (No. 5), the cable (No. 6), the lock or strap (No. 7) and the disc damper (No. . 8).
La figura 3 muestra la vista de la base de la lámpara ya elaborada, en donde se aprecian el orificio del cable(No. 2), las sordinas de plástico (No. 3), el cable(No. 6), el apagador de disco(No. 8) y el tapón(No. 9) que cubre el orificio del foco(No. 1). Es de esta forma como se observa la base de la lámpara una vez ensamblada.Figure 3 shows the view of the base of the lamp already made, showing the cable hole (No. 2), the plastic mutes (No. 3), the cable (No. 6), the damper disc (No. 8) and the plug (No. 9) that covers the hole of the bulb (No. 1). It is in this way that the base of the lamp is observed once assembled.
Como se ha dicho anteriormente las lámparas de ornato, son fabricadas de distintos materiales, desde barro, cerámica, vidrio, de latón, bejuco, plástico, etc. Todos con las mismas características y los mismos elementos que conforman la lámpara, que son: la base, la pantalla y el foco. Pero en la presente invención la característica esencial es que se cambia la idea de que la lámpara deba de tener los elementos ya mencionados, y se utilizan minerales de cristal traslúcidos, que sustituyen a la pantalla, que pueden ser de selenita, que tiene las siguientes propiedades, químicamente se asemeja al azufre y está relacionado con el teluro. Al igual que el azufre, se presenta en varias formas alotrópicas diferentes: como polvo rojo-ladrillo; como masa amorfa vidriosa, de color castaño oscuro, como cristales monoclínicos rojos con una densidad relativa de una densidad relativa de 4,5, y como cristales de color gris metálico llamados selenio gris. Forma ácido selenioso (H2Seθ3) y ácido selénico (H2Seθ4), cuyas sales respectivas se denominan selenitos y seleniatos. El cuarzo y sus variedades como las ágatas, calcedonia, cornalina, amatista, jaspe, ópalo y pedernal, que cristalizan en sistema hexagonal. El tamaño de los cristales varía entre los especímenes que pesan una tonelada hasta las partículas diminutas que centellean sobre las superficies rocosas. Su brillo es vitreo en algunos especímenes y graso en otros. Algunos son transparentes y otros translúcidos. El mineral puro es incoloro, pero es frecuente que esté teñido por impurezas. La calcita, mineral compuesto principalmente de carbonato de calcio (CaC03).As it has been said before, the decoration lamps are made of different materials, from clay, ceramic, glass, brass, vine, plastic, etc. All with the same characteristics and the same elements that make up the lamp, which are: the base, the lampshade and the spotlight. But in the present invention the essential characteristic is that the idea that the lamp must have the aforementioned elements is changed, and translucent crystal minerals are used, which replace the lampshade, which may be selenite, which has the following properties, chemically resembles sulfur and is related to telluride. Like sulfur, it comes in several different allotropic forms: as brick-red powder; as a glassy amorphous mass, dark brown in color, as red monoclinic crystals with a relative density of a relative density of 4.5, and as metallic gray crystals called gray selenium. It forms selenious acid (H2Seθ3) and selenic acid (H2Seθ4), the respective salts of which are called selenites and seleniates. Quartz and its varieties such as agates, chalcedony, carnelian, amethyst, jasper, opal and flint, which crystallize in a hexagonal system. The size of the crystals varies from specimens weighing a ton to tiny particles that sparkle on rocky surfaces. Its shine is vitreous in some specimens and fatty in others. Some are transparent and others are translucent. The pure mineral is colorless, but it is often tinged with impurities. Calcite, a mineral composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaC03).
Con cristalización en el sistema hexagonal, la calcita es conocida por la amplia variedad de formas cristalinas que adopta. Son ejemplos de estas variedades cristalinas el espato de grano, espato en diente de cerdo, espato en cabeza de clavo, espato en diente de perro, espato satinado y espato de Islandia. Este último es el único estado de calcita pura encontrado en la naturaleza. La caliza, el yeso, el travertino, el alabastro oriental y el mármol son algunas de las formas masivas más comunes del mineral. La calcita se encuentra también en forma de estalactitas y tobas calcáreas, ambas formadas a partir de depósitos de aguas minerales. Además de la variedad de minerales de cristales traslúcidos formados a base de carbonatos de calcio como la florita.With crystallization in the hexagonal system, calcite is known for the wide variety of crystalline forms it adopts. Examples of these crystalline varieties are grain sparrow, pig tooth spar, nail head spar, dog tooth spar, satin spar and Iceland spar. The latter is the only state of pure calcite found in nature. Limestone, gypsum, travertine, eastern alabaster, and marble are some of the most common massive forms of the mineral. Calcite is also found in the form of stalactites and calcareous tuffs, both formed from mineral water deposits. In addition to the variety of minerals of translucent crystals formed from calcium carbonates such as florite.
En general se puede fabricar una lámpara en cualquier mineral de cristal traslúcido que cuente con las características arriba mencionadas.In general, a lamp can be manufactured in any translucent crystal mineral that has the aforementioned characteristics.
A continuación describo el procedimiento propio para llevar a cabo la presente invención. Primero se extrae el mineral de canteras o yacimientos donde se encuentre el mineral, que puede ser cualquier mineral de cristal traslúcido de los que ya he mencionado con anterioridad. (Selenita, variedad de Cuarzo, Calcitas, carbonatos de calcio). Una vez que se extraen de manera manual con barras de metal, se seleccionan las piezas que puedan utilizarse para realizar las lámparas, según su tamaño, color y traslucidez, es un hecho que los diseños son únicos, las llamadas impurezas del material en este caso es lo que le dan las distintas tonalidades a la luz que emite la lámpara. Después de ser extraído el material se transporta al taller, es aquí donde la pieza que fue seleccionada se corta con un disco de diamante para darle la base en donde se sostenga, en seguida se ciñe a una prensa adaptada de 15.24 cm y a una prensa manual de 25.4 cm, para evitar que la pieza se parta o se desintegre al perforar los dos orificios en su base con una broca de acero al carbón si el mineral es selenita y en otros minerales se utiliza una broca de diamante, si el tamaño de la piedra fuera lo suficiente grande se el pueden hacer tres perforaciones dos de mayor tamaño para depositar dos focos. Uno de los orificios, el de mayor tamaño que será por donde se ingrese el foco(No. 1) con el enchufe, suele perforarse con brocas de distinto tamaño dependiendo del tamaño de la piedra y el del foco, el orificio más pequeño por donde entrará el cable elécrrico(No. 2), suele perforarse con un ángulo aproximado de 45° grados, con el fin de que el cable, entre de lado con el ángulo antes mencionado, para que al salir el cable de la piedra sea más fácil de ocultar y que la lámpara no pierda estética debido al cable eléctrico, pudiendo así disfrutar de una vista de 360° grados de la lámpara. Al perforar los orificios se debe seleccionar el lugar idóneo, evitando las vetas del mineral, ya que las vetas suelen ser más oscuras y menos traslúcidas, impidiendo el paso de la luz y si una de estas vetas se encuentra en el paso de la luz, ésta será muy tenue o casi imperceptible, por esto se necesita perforar en el lugar donde no se encuentren las vetas, con la finalidad de dar el mejor sendero para que pase la luz del foco y tenga una mejor emisión de luz.I now describe the proper procedure for carrying out the present invention. First the mineral is extracted from quarries or deposits where the mineral is found, which can be any translucent crystal mineral that I have already mentioned previously. (Selenite, variety of Quartz, Calcites, calcium carbonates). Once they are manually extracted with metal bars, the pieces that can be used to make the lamps are selected, according to their size, color and translucency, it is a fact that the designs are unique, the so-called impurities of the material in this case is what gives the different shades to the light emitted by the lamp. After the material is extracted, it is transported to the workshop, it is here that the piece that was selected is cut with a diamond disk to give it the base where it is held, then it adheres to an adapted 15.24 cm press and a manual press 25.4 cm, to prevent the piece from splitting or disintegrating when drilling the two holes at its base with a carbon steel drill bit if the mineral is selenite and in other minerals a diamond drill bit is used, if the size of the The stone is large enough that three holes can be made, two of which are larger in size to deposit two bulbs. One of the holes, the largest one that will be where the focus is entered (No. 1) with the plug, is usually drilled with bits of different sizes depending on the size of the stone and the focus, the smallest hole where The electric cable will enter (No. 2), it is usually drilled at an approximate angle of 45 °, so that the cable enters from the side with the aforementioned angle, so that when leaving the cable the stone is easier to hide and that the lamp does not lose aesthetics due to the electric cable, thus being able to enjoy a 360 ° view of the lamp. When drilling the holes, the ideal place should be selected, avoiding the veins of the mineral, since the veins are usually darker and less translucent, preventing the passage of light and if one of these veins is in the path of light, This will be very faint or almost imperceptible, for this reason it is necessary to drill in the place where the veins are not found, in order to give the best path for the light from the focus to pass through and to have a better light emission.
El siguiente paso es lavar el mineral con agua a presión con el fin de quitar impurezas superficiales como pueden ser polvo, raíces, y otros minerales que se encuentren adheridos superficialmente. A continuación se deja secar a sol. Una vez que la pieza se ha secado completamente se le coloca barniz con solvente estándar en su superficie, ya sea de forma manual o con pistola a presión, con el fin de resaltar su brillo y tonalidad natural así como aumentar los detalles particulares de cada pieza, asimismo el barniz permite sellar la piedra para evitar su desprendimiento o desmoronamiento de la misma. Se deja secar el barniz a la intemperie, por una hora aproximadamente. A continuación se pega a la base unas sordinas de plástico(No. 3) del calibre número 1, se le pueden pegar de cuatro a más sordinas, puede variar, dependiendo del tamaño de la piedra. Las sordinas tienen como fin, que la lámpara no dañe la superficie donde se encuentra en especial superficies delicadas como madera, vidrio, aglomerados o azulejos por mencionar algunos ejemplos. Igualmente las sordinas permiten que la lámpara obtenga un espacio entre la base de la piedra y la superficie donde se encuentra, para que por este espacio libre salga el cable eléctrico. Estas sordinas se pegan con adhesivo a base de Cianoacrilato, el cual al agregarse a la sordina trae como consecuencia que se vulcanice el plástico, al adherirse a la pieza de mineral quede perfectamente sujeta. Ya teniendo la pieza de mineral limpia, con laca, y con los dos orificios sólo falta ensamblar las piezas que conforman la lámpara. Que son un foco(No. 4) que puede ser de distintas formas, tamaños y capacidades, según el tamaño de la lampara, en la lámpara que se muestra en la figura es un foco vela de 25 w. (veinticinco watts), con una entrada de 7 Vi mm. (Siete y medio milímetros), que puede variar según el tamaño de la piedra, o puede llegar a tener dos orificios la base de la piedra para introducir dos focos, según el tamaño de la pieza, un enchufe de baquelita(No. 5). Un cable eléctrico(No. 6) se le agrega un apagador de disco(No. 8) y un cincho o traba(No. 7), para asegurarlo y evitar que el foco se esté moviendo o el cable salga del orificio, al mismo tiempo ubica al foco en la posición necesaria que sería aproximadamente a % (tres cuartos), de la distancia total del orificio hacia la parte superior de la piedra, y así el cincho evita que el foco se mueva y se obtenga una mala ubicación del mismo, lo que traería como consecuencia que la luz no fuera la necesaria y adecuada, para iluminar correctamente. Por último, en el orificio de mayor tamaño, por donde se introdujo el foco se le agrega un tapón de plástico(No. 9) para evitar que salga el foco. Una vez acabado el proceso se obtiene una lámpara independiente, ya que puede trasladarse a cualquier lugar, que puede mostrar todas sus vistas en un ángulo de hasta 360°, desechando la necesidad de tener una base de madera.The next step is to wash the mineral with pressure water in order to remove superficial impurities such as dust, roots, and other minerals that are superficially adhered. Then it is left to dry in the sun. Once the piece has completely dried, standard solvent varnish is placed on its surface, either manually or with a pressure gun, in order to highlight its shine and natural tonality as well as increase the details. Particular to each piece, the varnish also allows the stone to be sealed to prevent its detachment or crumbling. The varnish is left to dry outdoors, for about an hour. Next, plastic mutes (No. 3) of caliber number 1 are glued to the base. Four or more mutes can be glued on, it can vary, depending on the size of the stone. The mutes are intended so that the lamp does not damage the surface where it is located, especially delicate surfaces such as wood, glass, chipboard or tiles to name a few examples. Likewise, the mutes allow the lamp to obtain a space between the base of the stone and the surface where it is located, so that the electrical cable comes out of this free space. These mutes are glued with Cyanoacrylate-based adhesive, which when added to the mute results in the plastic vulcanizing, when adhering to the mineral piece it is perfectly attached. Having the piece of mineral clean, with lacquer, and with the two holes, all that remains is to assemble the pieces that make up the lamp. That they are a spotlight (No. 4) that can be of different shapes, sizes and capacities, depending on the size of the lamp, in the lamp shown in the figure is a 25w candle spotlight. (twenty five watts), with an input of 7 Vi mm. (Seven and a half millimeters), which can vary depending on the size of the stone, or it can have two holes at the base of the stone to introduce two bulbs, depending on the size of the piece, a bakelite plug (No. 5) . An electric cable (No. 6) is added a disc damper (No. 8) and a strap or lock (No. 7), to secure it and prevent the focus is moving or the cable comes out of the hole, to the same time places the focus in the necessary position that would be approximately% (three quarters) of the total distance of the hole to the top of the stone, and thus the girth prevents the focus from moving and obtaining a bad location of it , which would result in the light not being necessary and adequate, to illuminate correctly. Finally, in the larger hole, through which the bulb was inserted, a plastic plug (No. 9) is added to prevent the bulb from coming out. Once the process is finished, an independent lamp is obtained, since It can be moved anywhere, it can display all its views at an angle of up to 360 °, eliminating the need for a wooden base.
Y con la ventaja de que el mineral no se calienta a pesar de que el foco que da la luz se encuentre encendido por largos períodos de tiempo, ya que por las características del mineral permite que el calor se disipe y disemine sin calentar la superficie de la piedra. Asimismo irradiando una luz tenue y diáfana, a través de la superficie del mineral de cristal traslúcido. And with the advantage that the mineral does not heat up despite the fact that the light source is on for long periods of time, since due to the characteristics of the mineral it allows heat to dissipate and spread without heating the surface of the stone. Also radiating a faint and diaphanous light, through the surface of the translucent crystal mineral.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONESUna vez descrita de manera plena mi invención considero como algo novedoso y por lo tanto como de mi exclusiva y absoluta propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes cláusulas: CLAIMS Once fully described my invention I consider something new and therefore as my exclusive and absolute property contained in the following clauses:
1. Un procedimiento de elaboración de una lámpara de mineral de cristal traslúcido, este procedimiento que se caracteriza por sacar el mineral de cristal traslúcido de canteras o yacimientos, al mineral se le realiza un corte con un disco de diamante al mineral para crearle una base, se prensa el mineral para cuando se le realicen las perforaciones en la base para crearle dos orificios que pueden llegar a ser tres según el tamaño de la piedra, no se fracture o desintegre, en uno de estos orificios se le introduce el foco con su enchufe(No. 1), que al encenderse produce que se üumine la roca del mineral traslúcido, el otro orificio que tiene un ángulo de aproximadamente 45°, sirve para introducir el cable por la base de la pieza(No. 2). Después se lava la piedra con agua a presión para eliminar impurezas superficiales que pudiera tener el mineral. Al secarse al sol, se le impregna de un barniz con solvente, para acentuar sus colores y sus tonalidades, además de que el barniz sella la piedra impidiendo que esta se fragmente o desmorone. Después de una hora aproximadamente, a la base se le incorporan unas sordinas de plástico(No. 3), para evitar que se dañe la superficie donde se coloque, que se adhieren con un adhesivo fabricado a base de Cianoacrilato. El cable eléctrico(No. 6) se une con el enchufe(No.5) del foco, y al cable se le agrega una traba(No 7) para sujetarlo y evitar que se salga por el orificio, así como mantener al foco en el lugar apropiado para que proporcione la luz necesaria, se le agrega un apagador de disco(No.8), por último se le pone un tapón de plástico(No. 9) al orificio donde se ubica el foco con el fin de cerrar la abertura. 1. A procedure for making a translucent crystal mineral lamp, this procedure that is characterized by removing the translucent crystal ore from quarries or deposits, the mineral is cut with a diamond disk to the mineral to create a base , the mineral is pressed for when the perforations in the base are made to create two holes that can be three depending on the size of the stone, does not fracture or disintegrate, in one of these holes the focus is introduced with its plug (No. 1), which when ignited causes the rock of the translucent mineral to umuminate, the other hole that has an angle of approximately 45 °, serves to introduce the cable through the base of the piece (No. 2). The stone is then washed with pressurized water to remove surface impurities that the mineral might have. When drying in the sun, it is impregnated with a solvent varnish, to accentuate its colors and tones, in addition to the varnish sealing the stone preventing it from fragmenting or crumbling. After about an hour, plastic mugs are incorporated into the base (No. 3), to prevent damage to the surface where it is placed, which adhere with an adhesive made of cyanoacrylate. The electric cable (No. 6) is connected to the plug (No.5) of the bulb, and a cable (No 7) is added to the cable to hold it and prevent it from getting out of the hole, as well as keeping the focus on the appropriate place to provide the necessary light, a disc damper (No.8) is added, finally a plastic plug (No. 9) is put to the hole where the focus is located in order to close the opening.
2. La lámpara de mineral de cristal traslúcido que se obtiene por el proceso reivindicado en la cláusula 1, que se elabora a partir de un material natural, por medio de un proceso que transforma la materia natural en un producto de iluminación y decoración, la cual emite una luz tenue agradable a la vista, que disipa el calor evitando que se caliente la superficie de mineral y caracterizado por ser ampliamente decorativo.2. The translucent crystal mineral lamp obtained by the process claimed in clause 1, which is made from a natural material, through a process that transforms natural matter into a lighting and decoration product, the which emits a soft light that is pleasant to the eye, which dissipates the heat preventing the mineral surface from being heated and characterized by being widely decorative.
3. La lámpara de mineral de cristal traslúcido, que se reivindica en la cláusula 2, caracterizado por tener un sistema mejorado caracterizado por el foco(No. 4), el enchufe de baquelita (No. 5) y los orificios perforados en la base de la piedra, uno de ellos el más pequeño(No. 2) con una inclinación de 45° grados, la traba o cincho(No. 7) que impide que se mueva el foco y lo mantiene en su posición, estos elementos conjugados dan como resultado una lámpara capaz de mostrar todas sus vistas, ya que el cable eléctrico(No. 6) se puede ocultar, otorgando una estética a todas las vistas de la lámpara, así mismo la lámpara es independiente de cualquier tipo de base ajena a la piedra y tiene amplia movilidad y fácil transportación, sin riesgo de romper el foco que esta dentro de la piedra. 3. The translucent crystal mineral lamp, which is claimed in clause 2, characterized by having an improved system characterized by the spotlight (No. 4), the bakelite plug (No. 5) and the holes drilled in the base of the stone, one of them the smallest (No. 2) with an inclination of 45 °, the lock or cinch (No. 7) that prevents the focus from moving and keeps it in position, these conjugated elements give As a result a lamp capable of showing all its views, since the electric cable (No. 6) can be hidden, giving an aesthetic to all the views of the lamp, likewise the lamp is independent of any type of base other than the stone and has ample mobility and easy transportation, without the risk of breaking the focus inside the stone.
PCT/MX2001/000071 2001-09-27 2001-09-27 Lamp made from a translucent crystal mineral, the production and assembly method thereof WO2003047315A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1947383A1 (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-07-23 Sven Quitschau Mineral component with integrated illuminant, method for its manufacture and illuminant
US20120269950A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Mark Hooper Chemical changes associated with selenite

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2744520A1 (en) * 1977-10-04 1979-04-05 Bosse Heinz Wolfgang LAMP
ES2054586A1 (en) * 1993-01-20 1994-08-01 Barberi Jorge Bartrina Laminar, translucent decorative objects made from wood, and process for manufacturing same
ES1036543U (en) * 1997-02-28 1997-08-16 Plantas Resi S L Improved lamp (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2744520A1 (en) * 1977-10-04 1979-04-05 Bosse Heinz Wolfgang LAMP
ES2054586A1 (en) * 1993-01-20 1994-08-01 Barberi Jorge Bartrina Laminar, translucent decorative objects made from wood, and process for manufacturing same
ES1036543U (en) * 1997-02-28 1997-08-16 Plantas Resi S L Improved lamp (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1947383A1 (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-07-23 Sven Quitschau Mineral component with integrated illuminant, method for its manufacture and illuminant
US20120269950A1 (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-25 Mark Hooper Chemical changes associated with selenite

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