WO2003031763A1 - Systeme de forage par rotopercussion dans une formation geologique - Google Patents

Systeme de forage par rotopercussion dans une formation geologique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003031763A1
WO2003031763A1 PCT/EP2002/011064 EP0211064W WO03031763A1 WO 2003031763 A1 WO2003031763 A1 WO 2003031763A1 EP 0211064 W EP0211064 W EP 0211064W WO 03031763 A1 WO03031763 A1 WO 03031763A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutter
drilling system
cutters
drill bit
borehole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/011064
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Petrus Cornelis Kriesels
Albert Cornelis Pols
Djurre Hans Zijsling
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Shell Canada Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V., Shell Canada Limited filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Publication of WO2003031763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003031763A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/40—Percussion drill bits with leading portion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling system for drilling a borehole in an earth formation using, a drill string having a central longitudinal axis and provided with a drill bit having a bottom surface including a plurality of cutters.
  • a drill string having a central longitudinal axis and provided with a drill bit having a bottom surface including a plurality of cutters.
  • the drill bit is provided with relative sharp cutters which scrape along the borehole bottom
  • the percussion type which generally includes a hammer mechanism that delivers mechanical impacts to the rock formation via the drill bit.
  • Drill bits traditionally used in percussion drilling have hemispherical cutters usually made of a hard metal such as Tungsten Carbide, which may be coated with a thin diamond layer. Such cutters are generally referred to as Polycrystalline Diamond Enhanced cutters.
  • a drilling system for drilling a borehole in an earth formation, comprising: a drill string having a central longitudinal axis and being provided with a drill bit having a bottom surface including a plurality of cutters arranged so that said bottom surface has an envelope of a stepped profile in radial direction; first drive means for rotating the drill bit in the borehole so as to induce a scraping movement of the cutters along the borehole bottom, and second drive means for inducing a longitudinal reciprocal movement of the drill bit in the borehole so as to induce the cutters to exert a percussion force to the- borehole bottom.
  • the stepped profile of the bit bottom envelope creates a stepped profile in the borehole bottom as a result of the rotational movement of the drill bit.
  • the “steps" of the stepped profile form edges which are broken off from the borehole bottom by virtue of the percussion action of the drill bit against the borehole bottom. In this manner relatively large pieces of rock can be removed from the borehole bottom, resulting in increased drilling speed.
  • the cutters are arranged in a plurality of circular rows of mutually different diameters, and wherein the top surfaces of cutters in the same row extend at substantially equal axial positions.
  • the cutters in a first said row and the cutters in a second said row adjacent to the first row have top surfaces at mutually different axial position.
  • said bottom surface of the drill bit has a convex shape.
  • the cutters are Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutter including a shank made of a base material and a top layer made of a poly-crystalline diamond material.
  • PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact
  • the top surface of each cutter has a primary inclination relative to the tangential velocity component of the cutter, the primary inclination being such that the top surface pushes drill cuttings in the direction of rotational movement of the cutter.
  • Drill cuttings removal is further enhanced if the top surface has a secondary inclination relative to the radial direction of the cutter, the secondary inclination being such that the top surface pushes drill cuttings from the rock formation in radially outward or radially inward direction.
  • the cutter has a back-rake angle of less than 90°, wherein the back-rake angle is defined as the angle between the projection of a line perpendicular to said top surface on a plane defined by the longitudinal direction of the drill string and the direction of the tangential velocity component of the cutter, and a plane perpendicular to said longitudinal direction.
  • the back-rake is between 30° and 90°, and more preferably between 30° and 75°.
  • the cutter has a side-angle of less than 90°, wherein the side-angle is defined as the angle between the projection of said line perpendicular to the top surface on said plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and said plane defined by the longitudinal direction and the direction of the tangential velocity component of the cutter.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a bottom view of a first embodiment of a drill bit for use in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a side view of a cutter of the drill bit of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a perspective view of the cutter of Fig. 2, for two different positions of the cutter on the borehole;
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a bottom view of a second embodiment of a drill bit for use in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a longitudinal section of the drill bit of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows two cutters of the second drill bit
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows a perspective view of a cutter of a drill bit for use in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows a top view (i.e. a view towards the borehole bottom) of a first arrangement of the cutter of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 schematically shows a top view (i.e. a view towards the borehole bottom) of a second arrangement of the cutter of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 107A schematically shows a bottom view of a third embodiment of a drill bit for use in the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 10B schematically shows a longitudinal section of a borehole bottom as drilled with the drill bit of Fig. 10A.
  • like reference numerals relate to like components .
  • a drill bit 1 having a bit body 2 provided with a plurality of cutters 4 mutually spaced along -the bottom face of the drill bit 1.
  • the bit body 2 is furthermore provided with a number of nozzles 6 and waterways 8 for drilling fluid.
  • each cutter 4 has a shank 10 made of a hard base material such as Tungsten Carbide and a top layer 12 made of a poly-crystalline diamond material. Such cutters are commonly referred to as PDC (Poly- crystalline Diamond Compact) cutters.
  • the top layer 12 has a top surface 14 arranged to contact the borehole bottom 15 during drilling.
  • the cutter 4 is fixed to the bit body at a back-rake angle ⁇ of about 70°, wherein the back-rake angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the projection of a line 16 which extends perpendicular to said top surface 14, on a plane defined by the longitudinal axis 24 of the drill bit 1 and the direction of the tangential velocity component 18 of the- cutter 4, and a plane 17 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drill bit 1.
  • the angle ⁇ can also be defined as a primary inclination of the top surface 14 relative to the tangential velocity component 18 of the cutter, the primary inclination being such that the top surface pushes drill cuttings in the direction of rotational movement of the cutter.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a perspective view of the cutter 4 for two different positions I and II of the cutter 4 along its path 22 on the borehole bottom 15.
  • Line 24 indicates the axis of rotation of the drill bit 1.
  • Line 24 also defines the direction of translation of the cutter 4 during percussion action of the drill bit 1.
  • the cutter 4 also has a side- angle ⁇ as indicated for position II.
  • the side-angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the projection of line 16 on plane 17, and said plane defined by the longitudinal axis 24 and the direction of the tangential velocity component 18 of the cutter 4.
  • the angle ⁇ can also be defined as a secondary inclination relative to the radial direction of the cutter, the secondary inclination being such that the top surface pushes drill cuttings from the rock formation in radially outward or radially inward direction.
  • the drill bit 1 is rotated in the borehole and simultaneously translated along the axis of rotation 24.
  • the cutter 4 has a circular motion around the geometrical centre of the borehole.
  • a percussion hammer (not shown) incorporated in the drill string, the cutter 4 is also pushed into the rock formation 15 for short periods of time.
  • the back-rake angle is such that the combined forward and impact induced movement of the cutter 4 substantially results in compressive stresses in the brittle PDC material only.
  • a back-rake angle of between 30 and 90 degrees is suitable.
  • the top surface 14 pushes the rock cuttings in forward direction so that the cuttings are moved away from the location where the cutter 4 is active.
  • a side force is generated on the formation and the loose rock cuttings.
  • This side force which is in radial direction of the drill bit 1, pushes the formation/cuttings away from the centre of the hole towards the outside diameter where the cuttings are picked up by the drilling fluid and transported towards the surface.
  • the side-angle can be positive (as shown in Fig. 3) but may also be negative, in which case the cuttings are pushed towards the centre of the hole.
  • the cutter 4 will have an increased capability of lifting the rock cuttings from the bottom of the hole by having a ploughing action.
  • a second embodiment of a drill bit 30 for use in the method of the invention has a bit body 32 provided with a plurality of cutters 34 mutually spaced along the bottom face of the drill bit 30. For the sake of clarity, not each cutter has been given a reference numeral.
  • the bit body 32 is furthermore provided with a number of nozzles 36 and waterways (not shown) for drilling fluid.
  • the cutters 34 are similar in construction to the cutters 4 of the drill bit 1 referred to hereinbefore.
  • the cutters 34 are arranged in a number of cutter rows A, B, C which are arranged at mutually different axial positions on the bit body 32 so as to form a stepped arrangement.
  • Fig. 6 In Fig. 6 are shown two adjacent cutters 34A, 34B of respective rows A and B. Furthermore is shown a portion of the rock material of the borehole bottom 15 as cut with the cutters 34A, 34B.
  • Line 36 indicates a plane along which a portion 37 of the rock material is sheared off.
  • the bit body 32 is not shown in Fig. 6.
  • each cutter 34 of a lower row removes rock material which is supporting rock material attacked by an adjacent cutter 34 of a higher row.
  • cutter 34A of row A removes rock material which supports rock material attacked by cutter 34B of row B.
  • the rock material 37 below cutter 34B is more sheared-off along line 36. As a result the overall cutting efficiency increases.
  • a cutter 40 of a drill bit for use in the method of the invention.
  • the cutter 40 is similar in construction to cutter 4 of the embodiment of Fig. 1, and has a shank 42 of Tungsten Carbide and a top layer 44 of a PDC material.
  • the side- angle ⁇ of the cutter 40 is such that a V-shaped groove 46 is cut by the cutter 40 in the borehole bottom 15.
  • the cutter In a first arrangement (Fig. 8), the cutter has a positive side angle ⁇ and zero back-rake angle ⁇ .
  • the cutter has a positive side angle ⁇ and a positive back-rake angle ⁇ .
  • the direction of movement of the cutter 40 is indicated by arrow 47.
  • the drill bit to which the cutter pertains is rotated and simultaneously translated in a percussion mode whereby the cutter 40 pushes the rock formation at the borehole bottom 15 radially outwards.
  • Such action enhances the cutting action of the cutter 40 and also facilitates the removal of rock cuttings from the bottom of the hole by pushing the cuttings towards the outward border of the hole where they are ultimately removed by the drilling fluid.
  • a third embodiment of a drill bit 50 for use in the method of the invention.
  • the drill bit 50 has a bit body 52 provided with a plurality of cutters 54 mutually spaced along the bottom face of the drill bit 50. For the sake of clarity, not each cutter has been indicated by a reference numeral.
  • the bit body 52 is furthermore provided with a number of nozzles (not shown) and waterways (not shown) for drilling fluid.
  • the cutters 54 which are similar in construction to the cutters 4 of the drill bit 1 referred to hereinbefore, are arranged in spiralling rows D, E, F and G.
  • the cutters 54 of a particular spiralling row are set at an increasing or decreasing height.
  • the cutters 54 operate in a fashion similar to conventional PDC bits, except that the cutting action is additionally upwards/downwards instead of rotational only.
  • the cutting depth of an individual cutter 54 is substantially less than its diameter.
  • the force required to make the cut is delivered by a co 1 mbination of weight on bit (OB) from the drill string and the percussive downward blows from the percussion hammer.
  • Fig. 10B is shown a stepped borehole bottom profile (in longitudinal section) as drilled with the drill bit 50.
  • the side-angle ⁇ can be negative so that the top surface 14 pushes drill cuttings from the rock formation in radially inward direction.
  • the cutter can have a hemispherical or other suitable shape .
  • the drill bit face can have a concave shape, or a partly convex and partly concave shape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de forage pour creuser un trou dans une formation géologique, ce système comprenant un train de tiges à axe central longitudinal (24) et trépan (30) dont le fond comporte une pluralité de lames (34) disposées de manière à ce que le fond a une enveloppe de profil gradué dans le sens radial. Un premier dispositif d'entraînement fait tourner le trépan dans le trou de forage de sorte que les lames effectuent un mouvement de raclage sur le fond du trou (15) et un deuxième dispositif d'entraînement applique au trépan un mouvement longitudinal alterné dans le trou de forage de sorte que les lames exercent sur le fond du trou une force de percussion.
PCT/EP2002/011064 2001-10-03 2002-10-02 Systeme de forage par rotopercussion dans une formation geologique WO2003031763A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01308449 2001-10-03
EP01308449.6 2001-10-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003031763A1 true WO2003031763A1 (fr) 2003-04-17

Family

ID=8182317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/011064 WO2003031763A1 (fr) 2001-10-03 2002-10-02 Systeme de forage par rotopercussion dans une formation geologique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AR (1) AR036671A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003031763A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004104363A1 (fr) * 2003-05-26 2004-12-02 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Trepan, systeme et procede permettant de forer un trou de forage dans une formation terrestre
WO2008100455A1 (fr) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Outil bilame rotatif
US7455126B2 (en) 2004-05-25 2008-11-25 Shell Oil Company Percussive drill bit, drilling system comprising such a drill bit and method of drilling a bore hole
US7546888B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2009-06-16 Shell Oil Company Percussive drill bit
EP2592216A1 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-15 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Trépan pour outil de forage de roche, et outil de forage de roche
US8911624B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2014-12-16 Emd Millipore Corporation Stacked plates filtration cartridge

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648524A (en) * 1946-11-23 1953-08-11 Dionisotti Joseph Mining trepan
DE914723C (de) * 1949-02-03 1954-07-08 Wallram Hartmetall Bohrer fuer Gesteinsdrehbohrmaschinen
GB758084A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-09-26 Joseph Dionisotti Improvements in rock drills
US3321034A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-23 James E Webb Sample collecting impact bit
US4073354A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-02-14 Christensen, Inc. Earth-boring drill bits
US4098363A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-07-04 Christensen, Inc. Diamond drilling bit for soft and medium hard formations
US4200159A (en) * 1977-04-30 1980-04-29 Christensen, Inc. Cutter head, drill bit and similar drilling tools
GB2246151A (en) * 1990-07-17 1992-01-22 Camco Drilling Group Ltd A drilling system and method for controlling the direction of holes being drilled or cored in subsurface formations
USRE34435E (en) * 1989-04-10 1993-11-09 Amoco Corporation Whirl resistant bit
GB2345931A (en) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-26 Baker Hughes Inc An oscillating drill bit for drilling subterranean formation
US6253864B1 (en) * 1998-08-10 2001-07-03 David R. Hall Percussive shearing drill bit

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648524A (en) * 1946-11-23 1953-08-11 Dionisotti Joseph Mining trepan
DE914723C (de) * 1949-02-03 1954-07-08 Wallram Hartmetall Bohrer fuer Gesteinsdrehbohrmaschinen
GB758084A (en) * 1952-09-30 1956-09-26 Joseph Dionisotti Improvements in rock drills
US3321034A (en) * 1965-01-19 1967-05-23 James E Webb Sample collecting impact bit
US4073354A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-02-14 Christensen, Inc. Earth-boring drill bits
US4098363A (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-07-04 Christensen, Inc. Diamond drilling bit for soft and medium hard formations
US4200159A (en) * 1977-04-30 1980-04-29 Christensen, Inc. Cutter head, drill bit and similar drilling tools
USRE34435E (en) * 1989-04-10 1993-11-09 Amoco Corporation Whirl resistant bit
GB2246151A (en) * 1990-07-17 1992-01-22 Camco Drilling Group Ltd A drilling system and method for controlling the direction of holes being drilled or cored in subsurface formations
US6253864B1 (en) * 1998-08-10 2001-07-03 David R. Hall Percussive shearing drill bit
GB2345931A (en) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-26 Baker Hughes Inc An oscillating drill bit for drilling subterranean formation

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004104363A1 (fr) * 2003-05-26 2004-12-02 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Trepan, systeme et procede permettant de forer un trou de forage dans une formation terrestre
US7726419B2 (en) 2003-05-26 2010-06-01 Shell Oil Company Drill bit, system, and method for drilling a borehole in an earth formation
US7546888B2 (en) 2003-06-12 2009-06-16 Shell Oil Company Percussive drill bit
US7455126B2 (en) 2004-05-25 2008-11-25 Shell Oil Company Percussive drill bit, drilling system comprising such a drill bit and method of drilling a bore hole
WO2008100455A1 (fr) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Outil bilame rotatif
US8911624B2 (en) 2007-10-03 2014-12-16 Emd Millipore Corporation Stacked plates filtration cartridge
KR20140097163A (ko) * 2011-11-11 2014-08-06 산드빅 인터렉츄얼 프로퍼티 에이비 암반 드릴링 공구용 드릴 비트 및 암반 드릴링 공구
CN103930640A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2014-07-16 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 钻岩工具和用于钻岩工具的钻头
WO2013068262A1 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Trépan de forage pour outil de forage de roche, et outil de forage de roche
EP2592216A1 (fr) * 2011-11-11 2013-05-15 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Trépan pour outil de forage de roche, et outil de forage de roche
CN106285489A (zh) * 2011-11-11 2017-01-04 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 钻岩工具和用于钻岩工具的钻头
AU2012334221B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2017-05-25 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Drill bit for rock drilling tool, and rock drilling tool
RU2625684C2 (ru) * 2011-11-11 2017-07-18 Сандвик Интеллекчуал Проперти Аб Буровое долото для инструмента бурения горной породы и инструмент бурения горной породы
US9797202B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2017-10-24 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Drill bit for rock drilling tool, and rock drilling tool
AU2017216588B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2018-07-26 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Drill bit for rock drilling tool, and rock drilling tool
KR101942131B1 (ko) * 2011-11-11 2019-01-24 산드빅 인터렉츄얼 프로퍼티 에이비 암반 드릴링 공구용 드릴 비트 및 암반 드릴링 공구
CN106285489B (zh) * 2011-11-11 2019-07-23 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 钻岩工具和用于钻岩工具的钻头

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