WO2003028136A2 - Pile a combustible a membrane polymere electrolytique et procede d'utilisation - Google Patents

Pile a combustible a membrane polymere electrolytique et procede d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003028136A2
WO2003028136A2 PCT/DE2002/002883 DE0202883W WO03028136A2 WO 2003028136 A2 WO2003028136 A2 WO 2003028136A2 DE 0202883 W DE0202883 W DE 0202883W WO 03028136 A2 WO03028136 A2 WO 03028136A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
fuel cell
oxidizing agent
cathode
oxygen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2002/002883
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003028136A3 (fr
Inventor
Hendrik Dohle
Thomas Bewer
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2003028136A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003028136A2/fr
Publication of WO2003028136A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003028136A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell and a fuel cell adapted for this method.
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has a cathode, a polymer electrolyte membrane and an anode.
  • the cathode becomes an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. air or oxygen and the anode becomes a
  • Fuel e.g. B. hydrogen or methanol.
  • the operating temperature of a PEM fuel cell is approx. 80 ° C.
  • Protons are formed on the anode of a PEM fuel cell in the presence of the fuel using a catalyst. The protons pass through the electrolyte and combine on the cathode side with the oxygen from the oxidizing agent to form water. Electrons are released and electrical energy is generated.
  • fuel cell stack As a rule, several fuel cells are electrically and mechanically connected to one another by connecting elements in order to achieve high electrical outputs. This arrangement is called a fuel cell stack.
  • methane or methanol can be provided as fuel.
  • the fuels mentioned are converted into hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas by reforming or oxidation. Air or pure oxygen is often used as the oxidizing agent.
  • the PEM fuel cells regularly work with a high excess of oxygen in order to prevent mass transport inhibitions and the inflow of the cathode by permeated and produced water (flooding). This requires high compressor performance and adversely reduces system efficiency.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for operating a PEM fuel cell, in which the system efficiency is improved compared to the aforementioned prior art. Furthermore, it is the object of the invention to provide a PEM fuel cell adapted for this method.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method for operating a PEM fuel cell according to
  • the method according to the invention for operating a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is characterized in that the oxidizing agent is supplied at least partially physically dissolved in a liquid to the cathode.
  • the oxidizing agent for example air or pure oxygen
  • a suitable liquid outside the fuel cell in an enrichment unit Suitable liquids have a correspondingly high solubility for oxygen.
  • High solubility means an amount of more than 10 ml of dissolved oxygen, in particular more than 20 ml (STP) in 50 ml of liquid.
  • STP 20 ml
  • suitable liquids include, in particular, the perfluorocarbons, which are already known from medical technology for liquid ventilation.
  • the oxygen which is at least partially physically dissolved in the liquid, is fed to the cathode and reacts there to take up electrons and protons to form water.
  • the liquid which contains the oxidizing agent in dissolved form is advantageously immiscible with water.
  • the liquid becomes together with the water, which is produced in or through the cathode compartment
  • Membrane is permeated, discharged from the cathode compartment and outside of the fuel cell in a simple manner separated from the liquid. This can be done, for example, solely on the basis of the density differences between the two liquids. The separated water can be returned to the anode, for example.
  • the enrichment with oxygen or air can advantageously take place under normal pressure or with only a slight excess pressure. This regularly reduces the compressor capacity, as would otherwise have been necessary for the compression of the gaseous oxidizing agent. At the same time, the inhibition of mass transport is prevented.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method provides a circulation of the liquid to and from the cathodic catalyst layer, the enrichment of the liquid with the oxidizing agent advantageously taking place outside the fuel cell.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is the improved heat dissipation from the fuel cell.
  • the liquid and water from the cathode compartment are better able than a gas to effectively remove excess heat from the fuel cell.
  • the enrichment unit can be designed as a cooler at the same time.
  • an effective circulation can be carried out in which the liquid is repeatedly enriched with the oxidizing agent under simple conditions can be.
  • the liquid is inert and is not consumed during the operation of the fuel cell.
  • the water generated in the cathode is simply and effectively separated.
  • the system pressure can be increased with low energy losses. This enables higher working temperatures within the fuel cell and thus an improved performance of the entire fuel cell stack.
  • the external enrichment unit in connection with a cooling further result in a very compact construction of the fuel cell or a fuel cell stack (stack), since there is no need for additional cooling plates in the stack.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a fuel cell uses perfluorodecalin from F2 Chemicals Ltd. as a liquid with a high oxygen solubility. on.
  • This liquid has a boiling point of approx. 140 ° C and is therefore particularly suitable for low-temperature fuel cells.
  • Perfluorodecalin is a completely fluorinated, odorless and colorless liquid. It is almost inert, non-flammable, has very good chemical and physical stabilities, is only slightly toxic and has extremely good gas solubility.
  • the fuel cell cathode is supplied exclusively with oxygen dissolved in the liquid.
  • a two-phase flow can be provided, in which both the liquid and the additional gaseous oxidizing agent flow.
  • a continuous exchange of substances between the phases takes place within the cathode. This is particularly advantageous where different areas before they are in the cathode, some of which can be better supplied by the liquid and others better by the gas phase.
  • the product water generated in the cathode is discharged from the fuel cell as an additional liquid phase due to the insolubility of perfluorodecalin.
  • the cathode can be supplied both continuously and discontinuously, that is to say, it is advantageously possible to switch between the supply types shown during operation.
  • the enrichment can take place, for example, outside the fuel cell in a bubble column in which an air or oxidant stream is passed through the liquid.
  • Approx. 127 g / s of PFD have to be pumped in order to transport the required oxygen to the cathode. This corresponds to a mass flow of approx. 0.122 kg PFD / s, provided that this is completely saturated with atmospheric oxygen.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible à membrane polymère électrolytique dans laquelle l'agent d'oxydation est alimenté à la cathode sous forme physiquement dissoute dans un liquide. Une unité d'enrichissement extérieure à la pile à combustible sert à dissoudre physiquement, au moins partiellement, l'agent d'oxydation dans un liquide adapté, dans des conditions normales ou de faible surpression. Ainsi il est possible de diminuer la puissance de compression côté cathode. Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, ledit liquide n'est pas miscible à l'eau de manière que de l'eau produite côté cathode peut être extraite simplement de la zone de cathode en tant que deuxième phase, puis séparée. Le liquide parcourant la cathode est bien plus adapté qu'un gaz pour recueillir la chaleur produite dans la pile à combustible, et évacuer celle-ci de manière simple hors de la pile à combustible. Ledit liquide ne réagissant ni avec l'agent d'oxydation ni l'eau peut être mis en circuit de manière avantageuse.
PCT/DE2002/002883 2001-09-25 2002-08-06 Pile a combustible a membrane polymere electrolytique et procede d'utilisation WO2003028136A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10147252 2001-09-25
DE10147252.8 2001-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003028136A2 true WO2003028136A2 (fr) 2003-04-03
WO2003028136A3 WO2003028136A3 (fr) 2004-03-25

Family

ID=7700228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2002/002883 WO2003028136A2 (fr) 2001-09-25 2002-08-06 Pile a combustible a membrane polymere electrolytique et procede d'utilisation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2003028136A2 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326265A1 (de) * 1972-02-03 1974-12-19 Whittaker Corp Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen des blutglukosespiegels in einem lebenden organismus
US5185218A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-02-09 Luz Electric Fuel Israel Ltd Electrodes for metal/air batteries and fuel cells and metal/air batteries incorporating the same
US5190833A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-03-02 Luz Electric Fuel Israel Ltd. Electrodes for metal/air batteries and fuel cells and bipolar metal/air batteries incorporating the same
DE19804880A1 (de) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzelle mit flüssigem Oxidationsmittel
WO2000033407A1 (fr) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-08 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procede et dispositif permettant de controler la temperature dans une cellule electrochimique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326265A1 (de) * 1972-02-03 1974-12-19 Whittaker Corp Vorrichtung zum ueberwachen des blutglukosespiegels in einem lebenden organismus
US5185218A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-02-09 Luz Electric Fuel Israel Ltd Electrodes for metal/air batteries and fuel cells and metal/air batteries incorporating the same
US5190833A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-03-02 Luz Electric Fuel Israel Ltd. Electrodes for metal/air batteries and fuel cells and bipolar metal/air batteries incorporating the same
DE19804880A1 (de) * 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Brennstoffzelle mit flüssigem Oxidationsmittel
WO2000033407A1 (fr) * 1998-12-01 2000-06-08 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procede et dispositif permettant de controler la temperature dans une cellule electrochimique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003028136A3 (fr) 2004-03-25

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