WO2003027585A1 - Appareil cryogeniques de chauffage et rafraichissement de locaux - Google Patents

Appareil cryogeniques de chauffage et rafraichissement de locaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003027585A1
WO2003027585A1 PCT/US2002/027496 US0227496W WO03027585A1 WO 2003027585 A1 WO2003027585 A1 WO 2003027585A1 US 0227496 W US0227496 W US 0227496W WO 03027585 A1 WO03027585 A1 WO 03027585A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
refrigerant
heat
high pressure
low pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/027496
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ray M. Alden
Original Assignee
Alden Ray M
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/964,146 external-priority patent/US6453686B1/en
Application filed by Alden Ray M filed Critical Alden Ray M
Publication of WO2003027585A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003027585A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a significant step forward for both heating and cooling.
  • the present invention describes multiple embodiments which each split the traditional heat pump/refrigeration loop into two half loops.
  • the first half loop operates a compressor in the winter to create heat by compressing a fluid.
  • the compressed fluid is then stored.
  • the second half of the loop operates in the summer by expanding the stored fluid to cool the building.
  • the expanded fluid (low pressure fluid) is then stored for use in the ensuing winter.
  • one half of the traditional cycle heat pump cycle operates in the winter and the other half of the traditional heat pump cycle operates in the summer.
  • Large fluid storage tanks are required to store high pressure fluid and low pressure fluid.
  • the first half loop is in cold regions. Low pressure fluids are compressed to form high pressure fluids, thereby releasing heat. The high pressure fluid is then transported to a hot region where the second half loop is performed.
  • the high pressure fluid is expanded in the hot region, thereby absorbing heat, and becoming a low pressure fluid).
  • the low pressure fluid then being transported back to the cold region to be used again.
  • Tanks of the fluid can be transported between the hot region and cold region. Alternately, a pipeline is proposed to connect the hot region and the cold region. Both embodiments, conserve energy, resources, and reduce global warming.
  • Prior art heat pumps use full loop compression cycles. Work is done on a fluid through a compressor which compresses the fluid. Heat from the compression is released into the building. The fluid is then evaporated where it absorbs heat from the cold environment. The fluid is rapidly and continuously cycled in a full loop between the condenser and the evaporator.
  • Prior art air conditioners use full loop compression cycles. Work is done on a fluid through a compressor which compresses the fluid. Heat from the compression is released into the warm environment. The fluid is then evaporated where it absorbs heat from the building. The fluid is rapidly and continuously cycled in a full loop between the condenser and the evaporator. Note that in both the heat pump and in the air conditioner, work is done (electrical energy is required). Additionally, friction in the compressor is generally wasting heat in both the heat pump and the air conditioner. Moreover, heat is dumped into a warm environment in the summer and heat is drawn from a cold environment in the winter.
  • No prior art provides a technique to use the work done to create heat within a building to also absorb heat from a building at a later time and/or in a different location.
  • the present art stores the energy invested in the heating cycle to later be used in the cooling cycle. It effectively links building heating and building cooling into one deep cycle multi-stage process with enabling apparatus.
  • a "cooling" system actually dumps heat into the environment far in excess of what it removes from a building).
  • the present art eliminates all of this excess heat produced in the prior art cooling systems.
  • Many scientists are concerned about global warming, the present system eliminates the heat generated in prior art cooling systems.
  • energy is conserved since the cooling side of the deep cycle loop of the present invention does not require any energy input in contrast with prior art. Additionally, friction heat can be used more efficiently in the present invention compared to prior art.
  • Heat Sink Temperature Differential - Efficiency of conventional heat pump systems are completely dependent upon the temperature of the extra-building heat sink they use.
  • Three types of heat sinks including air source, water source, and ground source are well known.
  • ground source and water source heat pumps can generally run more efficiently than can air source systems due to greater temperature differentials between the respective heat sink and the heat pump's external heat exchange coil.
  • air temperature relied upon by the air source heat pump often changes dramatically during the course of an annual operation season and is often not adequate for efficient operation.
  • NCHP networked deep cycle heat pump
  • the invention described herein represents a significant improvement in heating of buildings and in cooling of buildings.
  • a compressor and condenser operate to compress and extract heat from a fluid. Said heat and friction energy being released into a building to provide heat.
  • the compressed fluid is then stored in a high pressure storage tank or pipe for use at a later time or different location.
  • the compressed fluid is decompressed or evaporated to absorb heat from a building, thereby cooling a building and creating a low pressure fluid. Said low pressure fluid being stored for later use. Note that no energy need be expended to cool the building in the second half loop.
  • the apparatus can include a high pressure storage means and a low pressure storage means whereby fluid generally will flow either from high pressure to low pressure or vice versa for extended periods of time.
  • a prior art "cooling" system actually dumps heat into the environment far in excess of what it removes from a building).
  • the present system eliminates the heat generation common in prior art cooling systems. Moreover, it conserves energy since the cooling side of the full deep cycle loop of the present invention does not require any energy input in contrast with cooling systems of prior art. Additionally, friction heat can be used more efficiently in the present invention compared to prior art.
  • Figure 1 prior art illustrates a heat pump cycle flowchart.
  • Figure 2 prior art illustrates a refrigeration (cooling) cycle flowchart.
  • Figure 3 prior art shows the full loop used for both cooling and for heating a building.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for first heat and then cooling a building.
  • Figure 5 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the first embodiment.
  • Figure 6 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the first embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a flowchart of a deep cycle heating half loop of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart of a deep cycle cooling half loop of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a map of regions of North American segmented by annual temperature patterns.
  • Figure is a map of regions of North American with two fluid pipelines serving the east coast.
  • Figure 11 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for heating a first building and then cooling a second building.
  • Figure 12 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 13 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 14 shows a series of houses each connected to a high pressure fluid pipeline and to a low pressure fluid pipeline.
  • Figure 15 shows the storage tanks of Figure 5 and Figure 6 in cutaway view.
  • Figure 16a shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 131a and 151a.
  • Figure 16b shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 131b and 151b.
  • Figure 16c shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 131c and 151c.
  • Figure 16d shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 131d and 151d.
  • Figure 16e shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 13 le and 151e.
  • Figure 16f shows a cross section view of two 131 tank of Figure 15 they are 13 If and 15 If.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a passive pressure regulation refrigerant storage and piping means.
  • Figure 1 prior art illustrates a heat pump cycle flowchart.
  • a full loop heat pump 33 constantly cycles fluid from a low pressure to a high pressure and back to a low pressure again.
  • the energy released from the compressing of the fluid from low pressure to a high pressure is transferred into a warm house 37. This process requires an energy input 35.
  • the compressed fluid is then expanded in a cold environment 31 to absorb heat. Absorbing heat from a cold environment is not efficient.
  • FIG. 2 prior art illustrates a refrigeration (cooling) cycle flowchart.
  • a full loop air conditioner 33a (which can be structurally identical to the 33) constantly cycles fluid from a high pressure to a low pressure and back to a high pressure again.
  • the energy absorbed from the expansion of the fluid from high pressure to a low pressure is withdrawn from a cool house 37a. This process requires an energy input 35a.
  • the expanded fluid is then compressed in a warm environment 3 la to release heat. Releasing heat into a warm environment is not efficient and may contribute to global warming.
  • Figure 3 prior art shows the full loop used for both cooling and for heating a building. This describes the elements and cycle of both Figure 1 and of Figure 2.
  • An energy input 35b operates a compressor 41 , The compressor gives off waste heat caused by friction. Fluid moves from the compressor through a condenser where heat is heat released. Said heat is released into the warm environment when being used to cool, said heat is released into the house when being used to heat. Fluid then flows through an expansion valve 45 which enables the fluid to expand within an evaporator 47 said expansion absorbing heat. When in the heating mode, the heat is absorbed from a cold environment, and when in the cooling mode the heat is absorbed from within the house.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for first heating and then cooling a building.
  • a half loop heat pump 53 operates by drawing a low pressure fluid from a low pressure storage means 65.
  • Time “A” energy 54 is input to compress said low pressure fluid.
  • Said compression causes heat energy to be released into a time “A” warm house 55.
  • Said fluid, once compressed and heat extracted, is stored in a high pressure storage means 57. Note that during time “A", the fluid is not returned to the low pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the winter, only the compression side of the loop operates to release heat for warmth.
  • a half loop air conditioner 61 operates by drawing the high pressure fluid from the high pressure storage means 57. No energy input is required to expand said high pressure fluid. Said expansion causes heat energy to be absorbed from a time “B” cool house 63. Said fluid, once expanded and heat absorbed, is stored in the low pressure storage means 65. Note that during time “B", the fluid is not returned to the high pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the summer, only the expansion side of the loop operates to absorb heat for cooling. Note that no heat is released into the time "B” warm environment. Moreover no energy need be input during the time "B” cooling process. Further, no friction heat loss is incurred in this cooling process. I should be noted that 55 and 63 are the same house at different times of the year.
  • FIG 5 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the first embodiment.
  • a large low pressure storage tank 71 contains a fluid. Said fluid is drawn through a compressor/condenser 73 where it releases heat energy into the house. Said fluid having passed through a low pressure valve 72. Note that any friction energy is also released into the house since the 73 is in the house. High pressure fluid then flows through a high pressure valve 75 and into a large high pressure storage tank 77. Note that in the heating cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from low pressure to high pressure. The system will operate in this manner all winter. If the storage tanks are not adequate to store enough fluid to last the whole winter, they will be periodically changed with new tanks. Specifically, a new 71 tank will come filled with low pressure fluid and a new tank 77 will come empty (tanks are prepared according to Figures 15 and 16).
  • FIG. 6 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the first embodiment.
  • a large high pressure storage tank 77a contains a fluid. Said fluid is pushed by its own pressure through an evaporator 19 where it absorbs heat energy from the house. Said fluid having passed through a pressure valve 75a. Note that no friction heat energy is released since no work need be done.
  • Low pressure fluid then flows through a second pressure valve 72a and into a large low pressure storage tank 71a. Note that in the cooling cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from high pressure to low pressure. The system will operate in this manner all summer. If the storage tanks are not adequate to store enough fluid to last the whole summer, they will be periodically changed with new tanks.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a deep cycle heating half loop of the present invention describing the process of Figure 5.
  • a low pressure storage tank 71a contains a fluid which is drawn through a fluid compressor 81 and then pushed through a condenser. Heat is released in the compression/condenser cycle. Energy must be input into the compressor as input energy 54a. After passing through the condenser, high pressure fluid is stored in the high pressure storage tank 77b. This is a half loop deep cycle system since when in the heating mode, it flows in only one direction.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart of a deep cycle cooling half loop of the present invention it describes the stem of Figure 6.
  • High pressure fluid is stored in high pressure storage tank 77c.
  • IT flows through an evaporator 79a where it absorbs heat. Note that no energy input is required for this cooling process and no friction heat is generated.
  • the fluid is then stored in a low pressure storage tank 71c.
  • This is a half loop deep cycle system since when in the cooling mode, it flows in only one direction.
  • Figure 9 is a map of regions of North American segmented by annual temperature patterns.
  • North America can be divided into three regions.
  • a cold region 1 91 where heating is required much of the time and cooling is generally not required.
  • a moderate region II 93 where heating is required in the winter and cooling is required in the summer.
  • a hot region III where heating is generally not required and where cooling is required much of the time.
  • Figure 10 is a map of regions of North American with two fluid pipelines serving the east coast.
  • a low pressure pipeline 97 contains a fluid under low pressure and stretches across three zones of North America.
  • a high pressure pipeline 99 contains a fluid under high pressure and stretches across three zones of North America. Pressures in these pipelines are respectively kept within a normal operating pressure range according to passive techniques described in Figures 15 and 16 and other active techniques which are well know in the prior art.
  • FIG 11 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for heating a first building in Region I of Figure 10 and then cooling a second building in region II of Figure 10 (wherein both buildings are connect to 97, and 99).
  • a half loop heat pump 53a operates by drawing a low pressure fluid from a low pressure storage means 65a.
  • Location "A” energy 54a is input to compress said low pressure fluid. Said compression causes heat energy to be released into a location "A" warm house 55a. Said fluid, once compressed and heat extracted, is stored in a high pressure storage means 57a. Note that at location "A", the fluid is not returned to the low pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the cold region, only the compression side of the loop operates to release heat for warmth. Note that no heat is drawn from the location "A" cold environment.
  • a half loop air conditioner 61a operates by drawing the high pressure fluid from the high pressure storage means 57a. No energy input is required to expand said high pressure fluid. Said expansion causes heat energy to be absorbed from a location "B” cool house 63a. Said fluid, once expanded and heat absorbed, is stored in the low pressure storage means 65a. Note that at location "B", the fluid is not returned to the high pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the warm region, only the expansion side of the loop operates to absorb heat for cooling. Note that no heat is released into the location "B” warm environment. Moreover no energy need be input during the location "B” cooling process.
  • Figure 12 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the second embodiment.
  • a low pressure storage pipe 101 contains a fluid and is connected to the house.
  • Said pipe is connected to 97 of Figure 10.
  • Said fluid is drawn through a compressor/condenser 73a where it releases heat energy into the house.
  • Said fluid having passed through a low pressure valve 72b. Note that any friction energy is also released into the house since the 73a is in the house.
  • High pressure fluid then flows through a high pressure valve 75b and into a large high pressure storage pipe 103.
  • Said pipe is connected to 99 of Figure 10. Note that in the heating cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from low pressure to high pressure. The system will operate in this manner all winter
  • Figure 13 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the second embodiment.
  • a high pressure storage pipe 103a contains a fluid.
  • Said pipe is connected to 99 of Figure 10.
  • Said fluid is pushed by its own pressure through an evaporator 79a where it absorbs heat energy from the house.
  • Said fluid having passed through a pressure valve 75c. Note that no friction heat energy is released since no work need be done.
  • Low pressure fluid then flows through a second pressure valve 72c and into a low pressure storage pipe 101a. Note that in the cooling cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from high pressure to low pressure. The system will operate in this manner all summer.
  • Said pipe is connected to 97 of Figure 10.
  • Figure 14 shows a series of houses each connected to a high pressure fluid pipeline and to a low pressure fluid pipeline.
  • high pressure spur 117 is a spur off of 99 of Figure 10
  • low pressure spur 119 is a spur off of 97 of Figure 10.
  • a first house 111 is connected to the 117 via a first connecting pipe 113 and the 119 via a second connecting pipe 115. The 113 connects to 103 and 13 respectively.
  • a second house 121 is similarly connected to 117 and 119 as are a series of houses throughout regions I, II, and HI of Figure 10.
  • FIG 15 shows the storage tanks of Figure 5 and Figure 6 in cutaway view.
  • a cutaway storage tank 131 is a solid metal sealed container.
  • a floating piston 137 sealably forms two chambers within the 131.
  • a first chamber 133 contains a fluid which is used as a refrigerant.
  • a second chamber 139 is used to contain a second gas which is further described in Figure 16.
  • the 137 floats back an forth within the tank such that the 133 and 139 are variable in volume.
  • a refrigerant port enables refrigerant to be drawn from or pushed into the 133 as needed.
  • An air vent 141 is used only on the low pressure tanks. It enables air to flow into and out of the 139 such that a relatively constant pressure is maintained in the 133 as the volume of 133 changes.
  • Figure 16a shows a cross section view of a low pressure and a high pressure tank similar to 131 tanks of Figure 15 they are 131a and 151a.
  • a compressor draws fluid from a low pressure "a" low tank 13 la to compress it, produce heat and store it in a high pressure "a" high tank 151a.
  • This creates a negative pressure differential in 131a such that the floating piston moves to the left and causes air to enter a sealed compartment of the tank.
  • a pressure differential is created within the 151a which causes Hr to push against the 151a floating piston and thereby compresses a compressible inert gas Hi.
  • pressure in both the 151 a and the 131 a are maintained within a desirable range while relative refrigerant volume change in both 151 d and 131 d. Note that no energy input is required for the summer cooling operation. Compressible gasses such as Hi can also be used to passively regulate the pressure in the pipeline system of Figure 10.
  • Figure 17 illustrates a passive pressure regulation refrigerant storage and piping means.
  • a high pressure piston 161 sealably rides inside of a high pressure pipe cylinder 165. It is exposed on one side to the high pressure pipeline and is connected on a second side by a push rod 163.
  • a low pressure piston 167 sealably rides within a low pressure cylinder 169. It is exposed on one side to the low pressure within a low pressure pipline and is connected on a second side to the 163.
  • a divider wall 171 is a part of a six cylinder joint 173 which enables the high pressure end of a passive pressure regulation cylinder to plug into the high pressure side of the joint while enabling a the low pressure end of a second passive pressure regulation cylinder (not shown) to plug into the low pressure side of the 173.
  • the 173 also sealably providing connecting means for two low pressure pipes and two high pressure pipes.
  • the 173 is altered such that the three cylinder openings are sealed. Operation of the Invention
  • Figure 1 prior art illustrates a heat pump cycle flowchart.
  • a full loop heat pump 33 constantly cycles fluid from a low pressure to a high pressure and back to a low pressure again.
  • the energy released from the compressing of the fluid from low pressure to a high pressure is transferred into a warm house 37. This process requires an energy input 35.
  • the compressed fluid is then expanded in a cold environment 31 to absorb heat. Absorbing heat from a cold environment is not efficient.
  • Figure 2 prior art illustrates a refrigeration (cooling) cycle flowchart.
  • a full loop air conditioner 33a (which can be structurally identical to the 33) constantly cycles fluid from a high pressure to a low pressure and back to a high pressure again.
  • the energy absorbed from the expansion of the fluid from high pressure to a low pressure is withdrawn from a cool house 37a. This process requires an energy, input 35a.
  • the expanded fluid is then compressed in a warm environment 3 la to release heat. Releasing heat into a warm environment is not efficient and may contribute to global warming.
  • Figure 3 prior art shows the full loop used for both cooling and for heating a building. This describes the elements and cycle of both Figure 1 and of Figure 2.
  • An energy input 35b operates a compressor 41, The compressor gives off waste heat caused by friction. Fluid moves from the compressor through a condenser where heat is heat released. Said heat is released into the warm environment when being used to cooL said heat is released into the house when being used to heat. Fluid then flows through an expansion valve 45 which enables the fluid to expand within an evaporator 47 said expansion absorbing heat. When in the heating mode, the heat is absorbed from a cold environment, and when in the cooling mode the heat is absorbed from within the house.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for first heating and then cooling a building.
  • a half loop heat pump 53 operates by drawing a low pressure fluid from a low pressure storage means 65.
  • Time “A” energy 54 is input to compress said low pressure fluid.
  • Said compression causes heat energy to be released into a time “A” warm house 55.
  • Said fluid, once compressed and heat extracted, is stored in a high pressure storage means 57. Note that during time “A", the fluid is not returned to the low pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the winter, only the compression side of the loop operates to release heat for warmth. Note that no heat is drawn from the time "A" cold environment.
  • a half loop air conditioner 61 operates by drawing the high pressure fluid from the high pressure storage means 57. No energy input is required to expand said high pressure fluid. Said expansion causes heat energy to be absorbed from a time “B” cool house 63. Said fluid, once expanded and heat absorbed, is stored in the low pressure storage means 65. Note that during time “B", the fluid is not returned to the high pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the summer, only the expansion side of the loop operates to absorb heat for cooling. Note that no heat is released into the time "B” warm environment. Moreover no energy need be input during the time "B” cooling process. Further, no friction heat loss is incurred in this cooling process. I should be noted that 55 and 63 are the same house at different times of the year.
  • FIG. 5 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the first embodiment.
  • a large low pressure storage tank 71 contains a fluid. Said fluid is drawn through a compressor/condenser 73 where it releases heat energy into the house. Said fluid having passed through a low pressure valve 72. Note that any friction energy is also released into the house since the 73 is in the house. High pressure fluid then flows through a high pressure valve 75 and into a large high pressure storage tank 77. Note that in the heating cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from low pressure to high pressure. The system will operate in this manner all winter. If the storage tanks are not adequate to store enough fluid to last the whole winter, they will be periodically changed with new tanks.
  • FIG. 6 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the first embodiment.
  • a large high pressure storage tank 77a contains a fluid.
  • Said fluid is pushed by its own pressure through an evaporator 79 where it absorbs heat energy from the house.
  • Said fluid having passed through a pressure valve 75a. Note that no friction heat energy is released since no work need be done.
  • Low pressure fluid then flows through a second pressure valve 72a and into a large low pressure storage tank 71a. Note that in the cooling cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from high pressure to low pressure.
  • the system will operate in this manner all summer. If the storage tanks are not adequate to store enough fluid to last the whole summer, they will be periodically changed with new tanks. Specifically, a new 77a tank will come filled with high pressure fluid and a new tank 71a will come empty (tanks are prepared according to Figures 15 and 16).
  • FIG 7 is a flowchart of a deep cycle heating half loop of the present invention describing the process of Figure 5.
  • a low pressure storage tank 71a contains a fluid which is drawn through a fluid compressor 81 and then pushed through a condenser. Heat is released in the compression/condenser cycle. Energy must be input into the compressor as input energy 54a. After passing through the condenser, high pressure fluid is stored in the high pressure storage tank 77b. This is a half loop deep cycle system since when in the heating mode, it flows in only one direction.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart of a deep cycle cooling half loop of the present invention it describes the stem of Figure 6.
  • High pressure fluid is stored in high pressure storage tank 77c.
  • IT flows through an evaporator 79a where it absorbs heat. Note that no energy input is required for this cooling process and no friction heat is generated.
  • the fluid is then stored in a low pressure storage tank 71c. This is a half loop deep cycle system since when in the cooling mode, it flows in only one direction.
  • Figure 9 is a map of regions of North American segmented by annual temperature patterns. North America can be divided into three regions. A cold region 1 91 where heating is required much of the time and cooling is generally not required. A moderate region II 93 where heating is required in the winter and cooling is required in the summer. A hot region III where heating is generally not required and where cooling is required much of the time.
  • Figure 10 is a map of regions of North American with two fluid pipelines serving the east coast.
  • a low pressure pipeline 97 contains a fluid under low pressure and stretches across three zones of North America.
  • a high pressure pipeline 99 contains a fluid under high pressure and stretches across three zones of North America. Pressures in these pipelines are respectively kept within a normal operating pressure range according to passive techniques described in Figures 15 and 16 and other active techniques which are well know in the prior art.
  • This dual pipeline technique enables users of building heating in region I to generate heat using the afore described half loop deep cycle technique while users of building cooling in region III absorb heat using the afore described half loop deep cycle technique.
  • This system integrates a vast number of heaters and coolers to create a totally new utility that significantly reduces energy consumption and global warming.
  • FIG 11 illustrates a deep cycle full loop flowchart of the present invention for heating a first building in Region I of Figure 10 and then cooling a second building in region II of Figure 10 (wherein both buildings are connect to 97, and 99).
  • a half loop heat pump 53a operates by drawing a low pressure fluid from a low pressure storage means 65a.
  • Location "A" energy 54a is input to compress said low pressure fluid.
  • Said compression causes heat energy to be released into a location "A" warm house 55a.
  • Said fluid, once compressed and heat extracted, is stored in a high pressure storage means 57a. Note that at location "A", the fluid is not returned to the low pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the cold region, only the compression side of the loop operates to release heat for warmth. Note that no heat is drawn from the location "A" cold environment.
  • a half loop air conditioner 61a operates by drawing the high pressure fluid from the high pressure storage means 57a. No energy input is required to expand said high pressure fluid. Said expansion causes heat energy to be absorbed from a location "B” cool house 63a. Said fluid, once expanded and heat absorbed, is stored in the low pressure storage means 65a. Note that at location "B", the fluid is not returned to the high pressure state.
  • a deep cycle system by definition will operate on only half of the prior art refrigeration loop at a time such that in the warm region, only the expansion side of the loop operates to absorb heat for cooling. Note that no heat is released into the location "B" warm environment. Moreover no energy need be input during the location "B” cooling process. Further, no friction heat loss is incurred in this cooling process. It should be noted that 55a and 63a are in different regions as illustrated in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 shows the components of the present invention in the heating mode of the second embodiment.
  • a low pressure storage pipe 101 contains a fluid and is connected to the house.
  • Said pipe is connected to 97 of Figure 10.
  • Said fluid is drawn through a compressor/condenser 73a where it releases heat energy into the house.
  • Said fluid having passed through a low pressure valve 72b. Note that any friction energy is also released into the house since the 73 a is in the house.
  • High pressure fluid then flows through a high pressure valve 75b and into a large high pressure storage pipe 103.
  • Said pipe is connected to 99 of Figure 10. Note that in the heating cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from low pressure to high pressure. The system will operate in this manner all winter
  • Figure 13 shows the components of the present invention in the cooling mode of the second embodiment.
  • a high pressure storage pipe 103a contains a fluid.
  • Said pipe is connected to 99 of Figure 10.
  • Said fluid is pushed by its own pressure through an evaporator 79a where it absorbs heat energy from the house.
  • Said fluid having passed through a pressure valve 75c. Note that no friction heat energy is released since no work need be done.
  • Low pressure fluid then flows through a second pressure valve 72c and into a low pressure storage pipe 101a. Note that in the cooling cycle, the fluid only flows in one direction, from high pressure to low pressure. The system will operate in this manner all summer.
  • Said pipe is connected to 97 of Figure 10.
  • Figure 14 shows a series of houses each connected to a high pressure fluid pipeline and to a low pressure fluid pipeline.
  • high pressure spur 117 is a spur off of 99 of Figure 10
  • low pressure spur 119 is a spur off of 97 of Figure 10.
  • a first house 111 is connected to the 117 via a first connecting pipe 113 and the 119 via a second connecting pipe 115.
  • the 113 connects to 103 and 103a of Figure 12 and 13 respectively while the 115 connects to the 101 and 101a of Figures 12 and 13 respectively.
  • a second house 121 is similarly connected to 117 and 119 as are a series of houses throughout regions I, II, and III of Figure 10.
  • FIG 15 shows the storage tanks of Figure 5 and Figure 6 in cutaway view.
  • a cutaway storage tank 131 is a solid metal sealed container.
  • a floating piston 137 sealably forms two chambers within the 131.
  • a first chamber 133 contains a fluid which is used as a refrigerant.
  • a second chamber 139 is used to contain a second gas which is further described in Figure 16.
  • the 137 floats back an forth within the tank such that the 133 and 139 are variable in volume.
  • a refrigerant port enables refrigerant to be drawn from or pushed into the 133 as needed.
  • An air vent 141 is used only on the low pressure tanks. It enables air to flow into and out of the 139 such that a relatively constant pressure is maintained in the 133 as the volume of 133 changes.
  • Figure 16a shows a cross section view of a low pressure and a high pressure tank similar to 131 tanks of Figure 15 they are 131 a and 151a.
  • a compressor draws fluid from a low pressure "a" low tank 131 a to compress it, produce heat and store it in a high pressure "a" high tank 151a.
  • a pressure differential is created within the 151a which causes Hr to push against the 151a floating piston and thereby compresses a compressible inert gas Hi.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a passive pressure regulation refrigerant storage and piping means.
  • heat pumps operating at current standards are used throughout this analysis to illustrate both the current non-networked energy consumption and net Btu consumption compared to the NDCHP reduced energy consumption and net Btu consumption.
  • Best of class heat pump technology can be used for both the non-networked and the NDCHP and would produce similar results as a percentage savings, though the actual consumption numbers would be lower.
  • the heat pump technology itself is not the relevant factor in this proposal, the networking of the heat pump technology is the most significant breakthrough that yields dramatic benefits as is illustrated in the below analysis.
  • ANG COP-2.2 Efficiency range may actually be between COP of 3 when it is 47 degrees F and COP of 1.2 when it is
  • Heating efficiency is a function of outside temperature because heat must be pulled from the cold air.
  • Non-Networked Watts Consumed Heating Binghamton 30.000.000 Wh
  • Non-Networked Btu consumed heating Binghamton 102.600.000 Btu
  • a Pipeline networking many climate control customers together performs the following functions. It provides a means to transfer compressed fluid (high pressure refrigerant) from cold regions requiring the majority of heating to hot regions requiring the majority of cooling. Likewise it provides a means to transfer low pressure fluid between regions. It provides a means of storing a large volume of refrigerant at a constant low pressure and a means of storing a large volume of refrigerant at a constant high pressure. It enables heat pumps to provide heat efficiently even in the coldest climates where they heretofore have not been practicable. It provides a means to in effect absorb heat efficiently from warm buildings in hot climates and release that heat efficiently to warm buildings in cold climates. The energy savings measured in Wh and Btu are as illustrated below and in
  • HSPF total annual heating output Btu/total annual energy input watts
  • NDCHP to take low pressure refrigerant from the low pressure pipe, compress it, and put it into the high pressure pipe.
  • the heat pump modified for deep cycle can operate in temperatures even colder than Binghamton at 300% (or greater) efficiency because the cooling side of the process does not occur in Binghamton.
  • COP of 3 is a conservative assumption based upon performance with a cooling coil at 47 degrees F, actual COP will exceed 3 because no cooling coil is operated during deep cycle heating process.
  • a NDCHP heat and cooling delivery system will save an estimated 65% of the total energy (Btu and Watts) required to heat and cool buildings when implemented across a range of climates.
  • the NDCHP system reduces thermal pollution of the environment by
  • the NDCHP enables the use of heat pumps in much colder climates than was previously practicable. These heat pumps will replace heating systems that often burn fossil fuels and nearly always operate at much lower efficiencies that do heat pumps. This will significantly reduce America's dependence on foreign heating oil.
  • the deep cycle heating and cooling process and apparatus of the present invention provides a novel, unanticipated, highly functional and reliable means for heating and cooling buildings while reducing energy consumption and wasted heat.
  • process and apparatus disclosed herein can be used in any process that substantially requires heat production and heat absorption.
  • the clothes dryer, water heater, and stove can use the deep cycle compression half loop to generate heat and add fluid to the high pressure side of the loop.
  • high pressure fluid can be expanded or evaporated in the heat absorption deep cycle side of the half loop.
  • the refrigeration can be hooked into the apparatus and process described herein. While the embodiments described herein are drawn to heating and cooling a home, it will be understood that any commercial process requiring heat and/or heat absorption can use the apparatus and process described herein.
  • Fluid as used herein can be a gas, a liquid, or any substance that can substantially conform to the shape of its container.
  • Refrigeration and heat pump cycles used herein can operate by compressing a gas to form a liquid (condensation) under pressure and then by lowering the pressure thereby expanding the fluid into a gas (evaporation).
  • a means for heating and cooling spaces comprising a separation of the compression side of the traditional refrigeration loop from the expansion side of the traditional refrigeration loop. Wherein a space is heated by compressing a fluid and thereby releasing heat. Said compressed fluid being stored for use at a subsequent time. In a subsequent process said compressed fluid is expanded to cool a space. Said expanded fluid then being stored for subsequent use.
  • the invention described herein provides a novel means for heating and cooling spaces with significant energy savings.
  • the separation by time and or location of the compression of a fluid for heating from the expansion of a fluid for cooling as disclosed offers advantages for effectively and efficiently heating and cooling spaces while being reliable, reducing CO2 emissions, reducing thermal pollution, reducing use of fossil fuels, and manufacturable within reasonable costs.
  • the industrial application requires that such half loop heat pumps be first manufactured and then installed, and then be operating to heat and cool spaces.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé divisant le cycle traditionnel en une boucle de compression (chauffage) par pompe à chaleur, et d'expansion (refroidissement), en un cycle en deux demi-boucles séparées. A l'instant (A) la pompe à chaleur (53) d'une demi-boucle comprime un fluide (en utilisant un apport d'énergie (54)) pour chauffer un espace (55), le fluide passant d'un réservoir basse pression (65) à un réservoir à haute pression (57). A l'instant (B) la pompe à chaleur (53) de l'autre demi-boucle dilate le fluide comprimé en (A) (sans nécessiter d'énergie) pour refroidir un espace (55), le fluide passant du réservoir haute pression (57) au réservoir à haute pression (65). Ainsi, les cycles des deux demi boucles s'effectuent séparément, à la fois dans l'espace et/ou dans le temps et l'énergie utilisée pour chauffer un espace sert ensuite de ressource pour en refroidir un autre. Il en résulte une diminution importante de l'énergie nécessaire au chauffage et au rafraîchissement de locaux, une réduction de la consommation d'énergie fossile (et par là des émissions de CO2), une réduction de la pollution thermique (et par là du réchauffement de la terre), et une réduction des coûts de chauffage et rafraîchissement des locaux.
PCT/US2002/027496 2001-09-25 2002-08-28 Appareil cryogeniques de chauffage et rafraichissement de locaux WO2003027585A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US09/964,146 US6453686B1 (en) 2001-09-25 2001-09-25 Deep cycle heating and cooling apparatus and process
US09/964,146 2001-09-25
US10/211,204 2002-08-02
US10/211,204 US20030061823A1 (en) 2001-09-25 2002-08-02 Deep cycle heating and cooling apparatus and process

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