CN101561200B - 制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术 - Google Patents

制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术 Download PDF

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CN101561200B
CN101561200B CN 200910069009 CN200910069009A CN101561200B CN 101561200 B CN101561200 B CN 101561200B CN 200910069009 CN200910069009 CN 200910069009 CN 200910069009 A CN200910069009 A CN 200910069009A CN 101561200 B CN101561200 B CN 101561200B
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compressor
heat pump
refrigeration heat
power recovery
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张于峰
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Abstract

本发明涉及制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术。压缩机(1)、冷凝器(2)、节流阀(3)和蒸发器(4)构成一个制冷热泵循环系统，在压缩机出口处设置膨胀机(5)。选用一台制冷热泵机组，在机组的压缩机(1)出口处串联一台气体膨胀机(5)，利用压缩机排出的高温高压气体制冷剂进入气体膨胀机，在气体膨胀机内膨胀做功，膨胀机输出的功回用到压缩机中，以此减少压缩机所需要的外部动力输入量，达到节省外部能源的效果，从而提高了机组的COP系数值。本发明是采用一种动力回收技术，施加在制冷热泵系统中，形成耦合的整体技术体系，可回收部分有用能，回用的制冷热泵机组中去，达到节省电能的目标，同时也减少了低温热排放量，减轻环境的污染。

Description

制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术
技术领域
本发明涉及节能减排与资源合理利用领域，尤其适用于制冷热泵机组动力回收与再利用的制冷热泵系统动力回收组合系统。
背景技术
目前制冷热泵机组的发展趋势一方面是大型化，另一方面是应用领域的逐渐广泛，不仅是民用行业，如大型冰场和滑雪场、大型公共建筑的制冷空调及冬季建筑供热等，同时工业领域的使用领域也是很广泛的，如冶金、化工、食品、建材等等。这些工业和民用领域中大量运行的制冷热泵机组产生了大量的低温余热直接排放，对能源造成极大的浪费，同时对环境的热污染亦有很大的危害。如何节省系统的用能，是提高制冷热泵系统运行效率的根本技术措施。
发明内容
本项发明旨在采用一种动力回收技术，施加在制冷热泵系统中，形成耦合的整体技术体系，可回收部分有用能，并回用于制冷热泵机组中去，达到节省电能的目标，同时也减少了低温热排放量，减轻环境的污染。
本发明的技术如下：
制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术，包括蒸发器4、冷凝器2、压缩机1、膨胀机5和节流阀3组成；其中压缩机1、冷凝器2、节流阀3和蒸发器4构成一个制冷热泵循环系统，在冷凝器出口处设置膨胀机5。
选用一台制冷热泵机组，在机组的压缩机1出口处串联一台气体膨胀机5，利用压缩机排出的高温高压气体制冷剂进入气体膨胀机，在气体膨胀机内膨胀做功，膨胀机输出的功回用到压缩机中，以此减少压缩机1所需要的外部动力输入量，达到节省外部能源的效果。
功能图谱如下：
利用压缩机1、冷凝器2、节流阀3和蒸发器4构成一个制冷热泵循环系统，在Lnp-h图上的循环曲线为1-2-3-4-1。工作过程是这样的：通过蒸发器4内的工质吸收热量，完成蒸发过程4-1；通过压缩机1提高工质温度和压力，完成压缩过程1-2；然后在冷凝器3中放出热量，完成冷凝过程2-3；放出冷凝热量后的工质经过节流阀3降温降压，完成节流过程3-4，然后进入蒸发器4完成一次循环。
动力技术耦合是在压缩机1出口处增设膨胀机5，利用压缩机排出的高温高压气态工质，通过膨胀机后实施绝热膨胀降温降压，同时输出有用动力回用于机组的动力需求，从而减少外部动力的输入量，达到节省外部能耗的效果，降温降压后的工质继续完成冷凝过程后，节流进入蒸发器。
本发明的优异效果是：
新的循环在Lnp-h图上的循环曲线为1-2-2’-3’-4’-1。新的循环工作过程是这样的：通过蒸发器4内的工质吸收热量，完成蒸发过程4’-1；通过压缩机1提高工质温度和压力，完成压缩过程1-2；然后高温高压气体进入膨胀机5，完成绝热膨胀过程2-2’，并输出有用功；冷凝器3中放出热量，完成冷凝过程2’-3’；放出冷凝热量后的工质经过节流阀3降温降压，完成节流过程3’-4’，然后进入蒸发器4完成一次循环。
其主要的变化发生在压缩和冷凝过程。利用动力耦合技术可以使制冷热泵机组的功耗降低。另外新的循环也降低了冷凝压力，改善了原系统的工作状况。
所述的耦合技术可用于多种工业余热和民用热过程中，如民用的城市供热过程、金属冶炼与石油炼化中的余热回收、建材行业热加工与食品行业中的发孝工艺用热过程、以及天然能源的热利用工程中。
附图说明
图1：制冷热泵系统动力回收组合示意图；
图2：热力循环曲线图。
具体实施方式
选用一台制冷热泵机组，在机组的压缩机1出口处串联一台气体膨胀机5，利用压缩机排出的高温高压气体制冷剂进入气体膨胀机，在气体膨胀机内膨胀做功，膨胀机输出的功回用到压缩机中，以此减少压缩机1所需要的外部动力输入量，达到节省外部能源的效果，从而提高了机组的COP系数值。
新的循环在Lnp-h图上的循环曲线为1-2-2’-3’-4’-1，其主要的变化发生在压缩和冷凝过程。由过程曲线分析可知，新的循环制冷量将有所上升，同时增加了有用能的输出，其节能率和制冷性能系数COP的变化计算如下。
假如一台制冷剂R22制冷热泵机组其制冷量为200kW，如果其COP＝4，则其耗电量应为50kW，蒸发温度为5度时的制冷剂单位蒸发焓为：
h1-h4＝406.8-263.2＝143.6kJ/kg
相应的干度：    1-x＝(h1-h4)/(406.6-205.8)＝143.6/200.9＝0.74
制冷剂流量为：  G＝Q/(h1-h4)＝200/143.6＝1.393kg/s
假设冷凝温度为50℃，相应的饱和压力和比容见表中点2数据。如果假设设置动力机的出口温度为45℃，则相应的饱和压力和比容见表中点2’数据，则相应的膨胀功为：
W＝G/(1-k)*RT1[1-(p2/p1)(k-1)/k]
对R22来说，k＝1.16，分子量为86.48，则R＝8.314/86.48＝0.0962kJ/kg/K。设压缩机出口温度为70度，过热10度，带入上面方程有：
W＝1.393/0.16*0.0962*(273+70)*[1-(1.729/1.94)(1.16-1)/1.16]
 ＝287.6*[1-0.890.138]＝287.6*0.016＝4.6kW
折合节能量为4.6/50＝9％，其COP系数提高率为：
200/(50-4.6)/(200/50)＝4.39/4＝10％
R22循环状态点参数表
Figure GSB00000224533800031

Claims (2)

1.制冷热泵系统动力回收组合系统，包括蒸发器(4)、冷凝器(2)、压缩机(1)、膨胀机(5)和节流阀(3)组成；其特征是压缩机(1)、冷凝器(2)、节流阀(3)和蒸发器(4)构成一个制冷热泵循环系统，在压缩机出口处设置膨胀机(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的制冷热泵系统动力回收组合系统，其特征是在机组的压缩机(1)出口处串联一台气体膨胀机(5)，利用压缩机排出的高温高压气体制冷剂进入气体膨胀机，在气体膨胀机内膨胀做功，膨胀机输出的功回用到压缩机中，以此减少压缩机(1)所需要的外部动力输入量，达到节省外部能源的效果。 
CN 200910069009 2009-05-25 2009-05-25 制冷热泵系统动力回收组合技术 Expired - Fee Related CN101561200B (zh)

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CN102562196A (zh) * 2011-07-16 2012-07-11 王政玉 热泵式发动机
CN102563987A (zh) * 2012-03-01 2012-07-11 浙江大学 有机朗肯循环驱动的蒸气压缩制冷装置及方法
CN105928230A (zh) * 2016-05-18 2016-09-07 张育仁 一种内外源组合型温差混合动力制冷装置
CN110821592A (zh) * 2019-11-08 2020-02-21 司徒健南 一种废热能转换系统

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CN1353286A (zh) * 2001-12-06 2002-06-12 天津大学 二氧化碳跨临界制冷循环转子式膨胀机
CN1517512A (zh) * 2003-01-28 2004-08-04 ��ʽ�����װ 流体机及带有该流体机的废热回收系统
CN2844824Y (zh) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-06 天津大学 利用低温余热的全流发电系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1353286A (zh) * 2001-12-06 2002-06-12 天津大学 二氧化碳跨临界制冷循环转子式膨胀机
CN1517512A (zh) * 2003-01-28 2004-08-04 ��ʽ�����װ 流体机及带有该流体机的废热回收系统
CN2844824Y (zh) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-06 天津大学 利用低温余热的全流发电系统

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