WO2003026221A1 - Systeme et procede d'introduction de l'emission-reception par secteurs dans des reseaux sans fil - Google Patents

Systeme et procede d'introduction de l'emission-reception par secteurs dans des reseaux sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003026221A1
WO2003026221A1 PCT/IL2001/000880 IL0100880W WO03026221A1 WO 2003026221 A1 WO2003026221 A1 WO 2003026221A1 IL 0100880 W IL0100880 W IL 0100880W WO 03026221 A1 WO03026221 A1 WO 03026221A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sector
sectored
message
stations
messages
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2001/000880
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Baruch Altman
Original Assignee
Commprize Ventures Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commprize Ventures Limited filed Critical Commprize Ventures Limited
Priority to PCT/IL2001/000880 priority Critical patent/WO2003026221A1/fr
Publication of WO2003026221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003026221A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/02—Hybrid access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for the
  • the present invention relates to a system and method for the
  • CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
  • Sector usage is accomplished via the use of sectored
  • Sectored antennas can be used in
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a set of directional antennas is
  • each antenna covering one portion of the horizon (for example a sector out of six is 60 degrees wide).
  • a controller device selects the sector of the
  • FIG. 1A that illustrates a communications
  • the environment contains a wired network 300, a
  • wireless network 316 a wireless network 312, and a wireless network 302. Wired
  • network 300 is coupled to wireless network 316 via standard communication
  • network 312 are communicatively linked to the wireless network 316 via a link
  • Wired network 300 is a Local Area Computer Network (LAN) that
  • a network manager 306 includes various computing and communicating devices such as a network manager 306, a network printer 308, and a network terminal 310 linked by fixed
  • communication lines such as one or more coaxial cables, twisted pair, fiber
  • wired network 300 can be a Wide Area Network (WAN).
  • WAN Wide Area Network
  • Network manager 306 includes a computing platform such as a Personal Computer (PC), a Sun workstation, a
  • the network may be any type of network management device.
  • the network may be any type of network management device.
  • manager 306 includes a memory for storing information and a process for
  • Wired network 300 is linked to Access
  • Points (AP) 332, 326, 320 via respective communication lines 330, 328, 324.
  • AP Points
  • devices 332, 326, 322 include a computing and communication platform.
  • Lines 330, 328, 324 include one or
  • Each AP includes a wireless transceiver (not shown) to support wireless communication.
  • the network 300 is communicatively connected to a
  • the AP 318 includes a wireless access point (AP) 318 via a link 320.
  • the AP 318 includes a wireless
  • MT mobile terminals
  • Each MT includes a transceiver (not shown)
  • the AP 332, 326, 322, 318 are controlled by a network manager device 306 and communicate with the MT 336, 338, 340, 342,
  • transceiving is also utilized in other known communications systems, such as
  • the HiperLAN/2 (HL/2) standard is a WLAN technology that
  • the HL/2 standard utilizes the Time
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FIG. IB shows a schematic illustration of the HL/2 centralized frames.
  • the frames represent time periods and include an inner time division that is functional to sectored or directional operations.
  • the HL/2 standard dictates that
  • MAC frames 12, 14, 16, and 18 are divided into ordered transmission portions.
  • the entire set of the MAC frame broadcast maps BCH1 (20), BCH2 (22),
  • DLn (36) per sector are transmitted from the access point to the wireless terminal.
  • RCH1 (44), RCH2 (46), and RCHn (48) per sector are transmitted. While one sector is active the other sectors are passive.
  • the wireless stations operate through a specific sector, perceive the sector's mapping at the
  • beginning of the frame can request or can be ordered to perform
  • the group of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards is a set of interrelated
  • PHYs physical layer specifications such as InfraRed (IR), Direct Spread
  • DSS Spectrum
  • FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM
  • the currently ratified 802.11 MAC is burst-based, employing a CSMA/CA mechanism to avoid
  • This same 802.11 and/or 802.11 b MAC are applied to all PHYs.
  • ratified MAC is not designed to support sectors, and the CSMA/CA does not
  • FIG. 2A shows the Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) and its
  • CA Collision Avoidance
  • Each wireless station may contend for the wireless media whenever the channel is free
  • the wireless station determines whether the medium is idle by
  • FIG. 2B shows the 802.11 basic mechanism known in the art operative in reserving a channel for
  • the occupation period information is
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the medium is
  • the mechanism includes the Request To Send (RTS) 70 short
  • NAV Network Allocation Vectors
  • FIG. 3 shows the 802.11 standard optional Point Control AP, known in the art.
  • the mechanism may be used to create a Contention Free Period (CFP).
  • CCP Contention Free Period
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic illustration of the currently proposed Task Group 'e' (QoS) Transmission Opportunity Period (TXOP). The TXOP is created
  • the NAV 132 of all the receiving stations is updated in an appropriate manner in
  • One aspect of the present invention regards a wireless communications environment accommodating a set of wireless stations transceiving radio
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • the method consists of establishing a contention free protected time period to be utilized for sectored transceiving, and setting up a
  • a second aspect of the present invention regards a wireless
  • a sectored control point device a sectored traffic management component
  • a third aspect of the present invention regards a wireless
  • CSMA carrier sense multiple access
  • a method for implementing sectored transceiving of radio frequency signals the method consists of establishing a set of sector-specific contention free protected time periods to be utilized for sectored
  • Fig. 1A is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary
  • Fig. IB is a schematic illustration of a TDMA frame used in
  • Fig. 2A is a schematic illustration of the CSMA/CA wireless protocol
  • Fig. 2B is a schematic illustration of the 802.11 technology basic mechanism, as known in the art.
  • Figs. 3 shows the Point Control mechanism that can be used to create a
  • Fig. 4A shows the currently proposed TXOP mechanism for the creation of a Contention-Free-Period, as known in the art.
  • Fig. 4B shows a proposed method of the sectored operation in association with the 802.11 technology, in accordance with a preferred
  • Fig. 5 shows an another proposed method of the sectored operation in
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified diagram illustrating yet another method for
  • Fig. 7 is a presentation of an exemplary message flow associated with
  • Fig. 8 is a simplified diagram illustrating the sectored transceiving
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • CCA channel assessment
  • PCF Point Coordination Function
  • BSS basic service set
  • CFB Contention Free Burst
  • TXOP transmission opportunity
  • an enhanced station transfers a plurality of Mobile Protocol Data Units (MPDUs) during a single transmission opportunity (TXOP), retaining control of
  • MPDUs Mobile Protocol Data Units
  • CFB transfers may increase the aggregate data throughput within a given basic
  • BSA service area
  • jitter latency variation
  • CCP Contention Free Period
  • BSS Basic Service Set
  • PCF point coordination function
  • HCF coordination function
  • TXOP transmission opportunities
  • PC point coordinator
  • HC hybrid coordinator
  • W wireless medium
  • BSS distributed coordination function
  • hybrid a distributed coordination function
  • HCF coordination function
  • CSMA/CA hybrid coordinator
  • Controlled Contention A contention-based multiple access
  • TXOP request transmission opportunities from the enhanced point hybrid coordinator (HCEPC) without incurring the overhead of periodic polling nor the
  • Controlled contention takes place during a controlled centralized contention interval (CCI) whose starting time and duration is selected determined by the CCI.
  • CCI controlled centralized contention interval
  • HCF Hybrid Coordination Function
  • the HCF is upward compatible from both DCF and PCF and uses a uniform set of frame exchange sequences during both the CP and
  • Hybrid Coordinator A type of point coordinator defined as
  • the HC is part of the optional QoS facility, that implements the frame exchange sequences and MSDU handling rules defined by the hybrid coordination function.
  • the HC performs bandwidth
  • An HC is typically co-located with an EAP.
  • Transmission Opportunity An interval of time when a particular enhanced station (ESTA) has the right to initiate transmissions onto the
  • a TXOP is defined by a starting time and a maximum
  • each TXOP begins either when the medium id determined to be available under the DCF rales or when the ESTA
  • duration of a polled TXOP is specified in the frame header that includes the QoS
  • transmit are made locally by the MAC entity at the ESTA.
  • Wireless Station An enhanced station (ESTA) that is neither located within an enhanced access point neither (EAP) nor a bridge portal.
  • RTS Request To Send
  • duration value is the time, in microseconds, required to transmit the pending data
  • the CTS and set their NAVs are also able to defer to CCA (busy) resulting from the ESTA's transmission in response to the +CF-P0II. This avoids the complexity
  • sectors refers to the use of sectored or directional antennas and methods of
  • a Control Point APs
  • Control Points CPs
  • Mobile Terminals MTs
  • Point is a logical or physical function that may be used for the management of a wireless network.
  • a CP would be co-located as a logical function within the AP, or could be installed in a separate device.
  • Transceiving is used to mean transmitting and/or receiving.
  • wireless terminal and mobile terminal (MT) are used interchangeably.
  • MT wireless terminal
  • present invention is applicable to the family of carrier sense multiple access
  • CSMA collision detection
  • CA collision avoidance
  • the 802.11 medium access rules are
  • PHY Carrier Sensing i.e., the ability of the stations to sense the
  • wireless medium and identify when the wireless medium is clear of traffic.
  • the innovative steps are: the introduction of a concept stating that it is feasible to introduce sectored transmission in CSMA based systems, in the provision of methods to accomplish sectored operations in said systems, and in the provision of methods for the stations to determine and communicate their selection of
  • transceiving is to enable only stations associated with a specific sector to
  • the present invention introduces the concept of sectored transceiving
  • the proposed system and method can be implemented in connection with the existing 802.11 standard (PHY including 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
  • the main innovation includes the concept that once the 802.11
  • wireless media is made protected for certain time periods, then these periods can
  • network stations are not required to listen to the traffic in order to establish that
  • the wireless media is busy and therefore to refrain from interruptions.
  • CPP Contention Free Periods
  • the invention also suggests a system and method operative to the coordination of the sectors use by the transmitter and the
  • Sectored transceiving can take place between APs and
  • MTs or between MTs without the presence of AP (e.g. in an ad hoc network)
  • present invention can operate within a communications environment as shown in
  • Fig. 1A is illustrative only and it is not the only communications
  • the WLAN can operate In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the WLAN
  • IEEE 802.11 is a set of
  • 802.11 standards do not support currently sectored transceiving.
  • stations transmit the network-occupation-related information thereof in omni-directions.
  • the information includes data belonging to the 802.11 Network Allocation Vector (NAV), such as the occupation duration.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • RTS Send
  • CTS Clear To Send
  • ACK ACK
  • NAV information NAV information, Beacon messages, relevant Poll messages, and the like.
  • the stations may now utilize sectors.
  • the NAV related information is the stations.
  • receiver (X2) sector (Sx2-1) which is in the best transmission towards the transmitter (XI) can be determined by the two stations (or between a single
  • the XI could omni-transmit the NAV related RTS thereof such that all the network stations will be made aware that XI has just occupied the wireless media for a certain period. Then the XI could transmit other RTSs, or short empty messages,
  • the receiver X2 would listen through the circular sector
  • the receiver X2 then transmits back
  • transmission is further used to feedback to XI the number of the XI
  • XI can use the received transmission to determine on which sector to transmit the data to X2 as well as which sector to
  • Omni-transmission can be physically done by
  • the transmitter and receiver could be either APs or MTs,
  • applications XI is a sectored AP while X2 is an omni-directional AP.
  • XI is a sectored AP while X2 is an omni-directional AP.
  • X2 transmits via the omni-antenna thereof only a single message back to XI. It
  • geo-location information can be transmitted, or otherwise distributed such as by
  • the geo-location information such as GPS positioning
  • Periodic update requests can be employed to refresh the sector-related information.
  • PCF Point Coordination Function
  • the PCF is an optional feature of the 802.11 standard. Typically,
  • PCF implemented therein.
  • the PCF is provided with the capability of creating contention free periods (CFP).
  • CFP contention free periods
  • the purpose of the PCF is to support certain time-bound implementations.
  • the proposed system and method could utilize the PCF for sectored transceiving. Within the CFP the same mechanisms
  • Fig. 4B illustrates an exemplary operation of the proposed system
  • the Contention Free Period (CFP) is established via the omni ⁇
  • both the SRC 138 and the DES 146 are
  • the data 142, 144 is unicast through a
  • the ACK feedback message 150 can be
  • the ACK 150 can be also transmitted in omni-direction
  • FIG. 5 shows the manner in which two wireless stations, such the SRC station 168 and the DES station 184 establish mutually the
  • the DES 184 transmits a short reply message 188 in order to
  • the reply message 188 is uniquely designed and introduced into the first preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the SRC 168 is aware of the
  • the SRC 168 is capable of inserting the exact length value of the
  • S2 (176), and S3 (178) are transmitted without guard intervals placed between them. In other embodiments a predefined guard time may be added.
  • Certain information elements may be attached.
  • the attached information elements carry data concerning the number of sectors to be tried for transmission by the SRC 168, the length of the guard time interval between each sector short trial message, the
  • the elements may be included in a newly
  • the information is attached to all the S messages,
  • SI such as to SI (174), to S2 (176), and to S3 (178) as SI (174) alone could not be
  • the receiver 184 may not receive
  • Message Bl (172) could contain the sectors related information and
  • the SRC 168 may desire to revalidate the previously used sector or may want to enable the DES 184 to re- select the sector. It will be substantially accurate and efficient to estimate that the
  • estimate can be based on the time elapsed, the distance of the DES 184 from the
  • the DES 184 determines the sector through which the
  • notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information. Alternatively or additionally, notification could be any suitable information.
  • the SRC 168 is capable of deciding through which sector to transmit to the DES 184, of verifying the decision made by the DES 184, and of
  • the SRC 168 is allowed to make the best possible estimate concerning the sector through which to transmit instead of having the DES 184
  • a Contention Free Period or Controlled Contention Periods can be created for selected sector, using a priority-like method. During the created periods contention will be allowed for a station operating on the selected sector alone, while the rest of the network
  • contention periods are created for the entire set of network stations, as the concept
  • beacons for periodic sectorally transmitted beacons or any other similar sectorally
  • the messages could include unique newly designed and
  • the stations will store and hold the
  • the station may
  • the CP transmits media allocations, such as with CF-Poll messages to create TXOPs (in the 802.1 le), with the addition of identification data of the sector to which the period is allocated.
  • the allocations are transmitted
  • the CP/AP in omni-direction such that the entire set of stations can receive
  • sector identification field is added to the existing priority messages, or where
  • priority messages are added, if such messages are not defined. For example, in
  • the stations can then lower their transmission power.
  • CC Controlled Contention
  • CCP Contention Free Period
  • a station may send a message such as
  • a measurement response (or an information element added to existing messages) to the CP/AP/HCF to make it aware through which sector the station intends to transceive and/or the quality of reception experienced by the station through a
  • the CP/AP/HCF can plan ahead and allocate time according to the
  • Free Period (CFP) method listed above may include any other form of
  • a periodic access is allocated to the stations; e.g. X time units
  • the CP/HCF/AP can allocate X time
  • the MTs 240, 246 can either
  • the sectored-beacons 244 (or of part of them, or only of their final decision), or they can wait until the CP/AP/HCF 236 allocates time for this sector on its own
  • CC Controlled Contention
  • CCP Contention Free Period
  • the sector by omni-directional transmission of priority-like RTS, CC or CFP messages with enhanced sector identification data. Then, the CP/AP/HCF 236 could send through the sector it wants to transceive through a message such as an 802.11 CF-end message. Such messages indicate that the declared media
  • the MT1 (240) and the MT2 (246) can contend as long as they comply with the
  • the CP/HCF/AP 236 will first occupy the media without allowing any station to contend (such as by omni-directional sending RTS/CTS to itself, and
  • the media will be busy for all the sectors and the traffic will be conducted in one sector only.
  • the CP/HCF/AP 236 could send the allocation messages on the relevant sector only. As a result only the stations that receive the broadcast will
  • sectored transmission such as transmission with reduced power or extended
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of the message flow.
  • the flow includes
  • the CP/AP/HCF 252 transmits
  • the message 254 could be
  • the station 1 (250) optionally takes suitable measurements of the sectored, optionally
  • the message 256 could include a set of
  • the message 252 could be one of the various existing, TG- proposed or specifically designed and developed new messages such as the
  • RTS/CTS message the CF-Poll message, the TXOP message, and the like.
  • the CP/AP/HCF 252 could transmit a protected period termination message 260.
  • the CP/AP/HCF 252 could transmit a CC/CFP protected period creation message 262 for a specific sector.
  • the optional message 252 may
  • the station may be one of the set of existing, TG-proposed, or newly developed messages such as a sectored RTS/CTS, sectored TXOP, sectored CF-Poll, and the like.
  • the station may be one of the set of existing, TG-proposed, or newly developed messages such as a sectored RTS/CTS, sectored TXOP, sectored CF-Poll, and the like.
  • the 802.11 TGe (QoS) a protected period of time, which is controllable by the
  • message CF-Poll is designed to allow a CP/HCF to control and allocate the wireless media for a specific non-contention period, within which each station
  • TXOP Transmission Opportunity
  • CC Controlled Contention
  • CCI Controlled Contention Interval
  • the present invention proposes to utilize in an
  • the CCI could be used as a periodic interval, releasing the stations from
  • each station can be given a specific CCI.
  • the station can exchange sectored traffic as its
  • transmissions may be directional as there is practically
  • CFP Controlled Contention Period
  • TXOP Transmission Control Protocol
  • CCI Controlled Contention Period
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment by
  • the allocating entity can first
  • the division is based on information gathered
  • the information is used to identify the best working station-sector combinations.
  • the entity can poll a new station, or
  • the allocating entity can calculate the reply messages of the polled stations.
  • the allocating entity will broadcast in omni-directions the precise time points associated with each sector period start. In this manner the stations will only need to wake up and listen to their sector by being aware which sector they are being served with.
  • the sector
  • allocation of the complete CFP can be either sent in a separate and a newly
  • the transmitter and the receiver could be either an AP
  • embodiment applies also to ad hoc networks.
  • a periodic Beacon message can be
  • the Sectored Beacon could be a current 802.11 Beacon message, a
  • the sectored transmission is to enable the receivers receive through the entire set
  • the message could further include a sector number or a similar identification.
  • the message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further include a sector number or a similar identification. The message could further
  • geo-location information such as
  • geo-location information such as the GPS positioning of
  • the information could contain sector-specific contention free period data.
  • Such data could include sector identification, the point in time when the period commences (relative and/or absolute time points), the point in time the period
  • the maximum allowed transmission period the maximum allowed transmission period
  • the message could include the sector
  • This new message may
  • the message may include information about one or more sectors received, such as the sector identification, the received power, the received power
  • Transmission Power Control are currently being proposed under the TGh. Some of the currently proposed messages can be made sectored or sector-associated. For example, an instruction issued by the allocating entity for the stations to
  • measure a certain frequency can be modified such as to include sector
  • allocating entity could contain sector identification and the measurement results
  • Sectored MAC header may contain the sector
  • the receiving stations to assess
  • the reception per sector in addition could use the information, or instead of the
  • the first innovation is the sectored CFPs in wireless
  • a source transmitter can create
  • the sectored traffic within the sectored CFP will have transmission
  • an AP can create a first CFP for a first sector to be used by the traffic from a first station to a second station where both stations are known to be in the region covered by the first sector.
  • the AP can simultaneously create a second CFP for the fourth
  • the first sector is not used for the
  • the second sector is
  • CSMA protocols such as the 802.11, but is also applicable and innovative in
  • the AP can make a decision concerning the
  • Substantially accurate geo-location data such as gathered from MTs, GPS, or triangulation reports, may be used for topology information.
  • Signal strength, Signal-to-Noise measurements of the received signals of MTs and/or APs by MTs may be used for topology information.
  • the AP can be any type of wireless technology used.
  • the AP can be any type of wireless technology used.
  • the AP can be any type of wireless technology used.
  • the AP can communicate with one another simultaneously as two other MTs in another sector that do not interfere the first pair of MTs (i.e. are not received by them or receive them).
  • the method by utilizing collected information concerning the sectored infrastructure, increases the capacity of the wireless network.
  • Beacon and sectored Contention Free Period can be used in CSMA wireless
  • the sectored messages can be utilized to
  • FIG. 8 showing the manner in which MT1 (226) and
  • MT2 (222) communicate via link 224 with one another.
  • the AP 216 will facilitate the communication by collecting information concerning the quality of a
  • the present invention provides
  • the present invention provides the entire mechanisms that facilitate the usage of the sectors.
  • the AP 216 can still use omni-directional
  • transceivers and the like makes particular reference to use in a wireless local area
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WLAN wireless personal area networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé d'implantation de l'émission-réception par secteurs dans des protocoles de communications sans fil fondés sur le protocole d'accès multiple avec écoute de porteuse (CSMA). Le procédé consiste à établir des périodes dépourvues de conflit d'accès, pendant lesquelles l'émission-réception par secteurs peut avoir lieu. Des secteurs de communication optimale peuvent être instaurés au moyen de l'échange de messages de protocoles normaux, améliorés pour transporter des informations relatives aux secteurs, ou par l'échange de messages relatifs aux secteurs spécialement élaborés et implantés parmi les particules d'un réseau de communication sans fil.
PCT/IL2001/000880 2001-09-16 2001-09-16 Systeme et procede d'introduction de l'emission-reception par secteurs dans des reseaux sans fil WO2003026221A1 (fr)

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WO2005067220A1 (fr) * 2003-12-30 2005-07-21 Intel Corporation Systemes d'antennes sectorielles pour reseau local sans fil (wlan)
WO2005067217A1 (fr) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-21 Intel Corporation Acces a un canal de reseau local sans fil bidirectionnel
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