WO2003024651A1

WO2003024651A1 - Fracture-splitting device and fracture-splitting method

Info

Publication number: WO2003024651A1
Application number: PCT/DE2002/003208
Authority: WO
Inventors: Siegfried Gruhler; Gerold SCHWARZWÄLDER
Original assignee: Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Maschinenbau Gmbh
Priority date: 2001-09-06
Filing date: 2002-08-31
Publication date: 2003-03-27
Also published as: DE10143694A1; KR20040029299A; SE0301276L; SE0301276D0; BR0205872A; CN1482954A; ZA200301511B

Abstract

Disclosed is a device (2), wherein a workpiece (6) which is used to form divided bearing seats (3) is fed to individual machining stations (S1, S2, S3) via a mechanical stage (10) and a rotating stage (12). The invention also relates to a method for forming divided bearing seats using said inventive device.

Description

description

BREAK SEPARATOR AND BREAK SEPARATION METHOD

The invention relates to a break separation device for forming split bearing seats of workpieces, and a break separation method for breaking separation and joining of the split bearing seats according to claim 6.

The breaking of workpieces is z. B. applied in automotive engineering for the production of split bearing seats on connecting rods, crankshaft housings or universal joint forks. In this case, two predetermined breaking points in the form of notches running parallel to the axis are introduced diametrically on the inner circumferential surface of the bearing seats, so that the bearing seats are divided into bearing caps and bearing beds in a defined manner after the breaking force has been applied.

The advantage of breaking separation is that a micro and macro toothing is formed between the joining or breaking surfaces of the bearing cover and bearing beds. This enables a precisely fitting joining, which makes expensive rework unnecessary.

Known solutions provide that several workpieces, one after the other, clamped on a tool table

Go through processing stations. An unprocessed workpiece is fed to the tool table for each finished workpiece that has been removed from the tool table.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the rotary table is comparatively complex, since several tool holders are required for the large number of workpieces distributed around the circumference of the rotary table. Another disadvantage is that the rotary table must have a certain minimum diameter in order to be able to group the processing stations around it, with a certain accessibility for maintenance and tool change still having to be guaranteed. As a result, the system requires a considerable amount of space. Since only a feed along a circular path is carried out via the rotary table, the machining stations must each be designed with their own feeds in order to be able to machine the workpieces.

In contrast, the invention has for its object to provide a fracture separation device for the formation of split bearing seats of workpieces, in particular universal joint forks, and a fracture separation process that eliminates the known disadvantages and in which the fracture separation and joining of the bearing seat parts can be carried out with a minimal outlay in terms of device technology.

This object is achieved with regard to the fracture separation device by the features of patent claim 1 and with regard to the fracture separation method by the features of patent claim 6.

A break separation device according to the invention for forming divided bearing seats provides for feeding a single workpiece via a processing station fixed on a rotary table mounted on a rotary table. The intended processing stations are, for example, a loading and unloading station, a laser station, a break separation station and a screwing station.

The construction according to the invention with a rotary table mounted on a cross table makes it possible to position the workpiece for processing with reference to each processing station, so that the processing stations themselves do not have to have a complex feed device. The storage of the workpiece according to the invention allows flexible adaptation of the machining tasks, additional machining stations being approached by simple reprogramming or several machining operations being able to be carried out at one machining station. In the known solution mentioned at the outset, this is not possible, since in the case of a clocked rotary table, multiple processing at one processing station leads to an idle cycle at other processing stations.

A preferred embodiment provides for the break separation station and the screwing station to be designed such that both processing stations access the same expanding mandrel. That Both a breaking force and a spreading force opposing a joining force when the break-separated bearing seat is joined can be applied via the expanding mandrel.

Another preferred embodiment provides that a counterholder for securing the bearing cover when breaking is connected as a unit with the expanding mandrel in such a way that from a certain depth of entry of the expanding mandrel into the bearing seat the bearing cover can be supported by the counterholder. If the entry depth is undershot, the counterholder releases the bearing cover so that the break-separated bearing seat can be joined at the screwing station.

In a preferred method, bearing seats of a workpiece are machined that are axially aligned with one another in opposite end sections. The workpiece is fed to the turntable via the loading and unloading station. The workpiece drives the laser station so that notches can be made in the first and second bearing seats. Doing so after inserting one notch each in the bearing seats, the workpiece rotated by 180 ° about its vertical axis via the rotary table, and second notches corresponding to the first notches made diametrically to the respective first notch in the bearing seats. In the following break separation station, the notched bearing seats are separated into a bearing bed and a bearing cover using an expanding mandrel. In order to protect fracture dividing surfaces and to identify damaged bearing beds or bearing caps, the corresponding bearing beds and bearing caps are joined in a screwing station with the addition of screws. Finally, the workpiece is removed from the loading and unloading station so that a new workpiece can be fed.

During break separation, the expanding mandrel is positioned in the bearing seat in such a way that a counter-holder arranged on the expanding mandrel for supporting the bearing cover is arranged perpendicular to the fracture separation plane opposite at least a portion of the outer circumference of the bearing cover.

When screwing the bearing bed to the bearing cap, the expanding mandrel is arranged in the bearing seat in such a way that the bearing cap is released by the counter-holder, but the expanding mandrel remains with a section in the bearing seat, so that an expanding force can be applied when joining that opposes the joining force is.

This creates a break separation device and a corresponding break separation process, which are characterized not only by a flexible arrangement of the processing stations, but also by a space-saving (combination of the break separation station with the screwing station, carrying the counter-holder on the expanding mandrel) and simple construction. The individual processing Stations are easily accessible, which is particularly noticeable when it comes to measures for maintenance or troubleshooting. Furthermore, only a small mass is moved, which means that the cross table with its drives can be designed accordingly easily.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the further subclaims.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings. Show it

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fracture separation device according to the invention, Figure 2 is a side view of an expanding mandrel according to the invention and

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a preferred workpiece.

FIG. 1 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the break separation device 2 according to the invention for forming split bearing seats 4 (FIG. 3) of a workpiece 6 with a machine bed 3, on which a feed device 8 and processing stations S2, S3 are arranged.

The feed device 8 has an NC-controlled cross table 10 and a likewise NC-controlled rotary table 12 arranged on the cross table 10. However, it is also conceivable to store the cross table 10 on the turntable 12. The cross table 10 known per se has linear guides 13, 15 arranged perpendicular to one another, via which a linear slide 14 can be moved linearly in x, y directions. The turntable 12 for receiving an individual workpiece 6 is arranged centrally on the linear slide 14 and at least 180 ° about its vertical axis (z-axis) perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Cross table 10 rotatable. The workpiece is aligned with the processing stations via optical orientation devices 9 on the feed device 8

51, S2. The workpiece 6 can thus control any position within the reach of the feed device 2, which gives the greatest possible flexibility with regard to the arrangement of the processing stations S2, S3. I.e. The processing stations S2, S3 can be arranged both along the directions of movement of the cross table 10 (L-shaped, I-shaped, T-shaped) and in a ring shape around the cross table 10.

Preferred processing stations SI, S2, S3 are a loading and unloading station SI (not shown), a laser station for notching the bearing seats S2 and a break-separating and screwing station S3 for dividing and joining the bearing seats 4. The processing stations SI,

52, S3 arranged in a fixed manner and without feed devices, so that feed movements or positioning movements of the workpiece 6 in relation to the processing stations SI, S2, S3 can only take place via the feed device 8. The laser station S2 and the break separation and screwing station S3 are arranged on opposite side surfaces 20, 22 of the cross table 10. The loading and unloading station SI is positioned between the laser station S2 and the break separation and screwing station S3 on the cross table 10. However, it is conceivable to choose a different arrangement of the processing stations or to position further ones.

The laser station S2 known per se has an industrial laser 24 and an optical system 26 with a laser head 76 in order to focus and align a laser beam accordingly. The laser head 76 is of such a size that its outer dimensions are smaller than the inner diameter of the bearing seat 4, so that opposite notches 68, 70 for determining a fracture separation plane 64 can be made not only in sections of the outer circumferential surface 73, but also in opposite sections of the inner circumferential surface 72 of the workpiece 6. In terms of its axial orientation (x direction), the optical system 26 and thus the laser head 76 cannot be changed according to the invention, so that necessary feed or positioning movements, such as for positioning and for axially moving the laser head 76 within the bearing seat 4 for application of the notches 68, 70 in sections of the inner circumferential surfaces 72 takes place only via the feed device 8. Optionally, the laser head 76 can be rotated by at least 180 ° about a bearing seat axis in the x direction, so that the rotation for introducing the second notches 70 cannot take place via the turntable, but rather via the laser head 76 itself.

The break separation and screwing station S3 according to the invention is a combination of a break separation station and a screwing station. It is possible at any time to replace the S3 breaking and screwing station with an independent breaking and screwing station. The breaking and screwing station S3 according to the invention has a counter-holder 48, a screwing unit 34 and an expanding mandrel 42. Reference is made to patent DE 198 41 027 for the basic function or the basic structure of a counter-holder, a screwing unit and an expanding mandrel. The counter-holder 48 is arranged vertically above the expanding mandrel 42 and can be moved in the y direction to the expanding mandrel 42 to such an extent that a bearing seat part 50 of the bearing seat 4 to be blown away, the so-called bearing cover (FIG. 3), is secured when the break is broken. The screwing unit has two identical screwing devices 35 known per se, so that the break-separated bearing seat 4 can be joined simultaneously with both screws 54. It is next to the other Holder 48 (in the X direction) is positioned axially above the expanding mandrel 42 and can also be moved in the y direction to the expanding mandrel 42. A screw feed unit is not shown for reasons of clarity. The expanding mandrel 42 is ideally mounted coaxially in the x direction to the optical system 26 or to the laser head 76 of the laser station S2. With this type of mounting, an additional alignment of the workpiece 6 by rotating the rotary table 12 about its z-axis is not necessary, so that after the notches 68, 70 have been introduced, only the cross table 10 for positioning the expanding mandrel 42 in the bearing seat 4 is actuated must become. The expanding mandrel 42 is designed according to the invention in such a way that not only can the breaking force FB be applied when breaking, but also a spreading force FS can be generated which opposes a joining force FF when the fractured bearing seat parts 50, 56 are screwed together.

FIG. 2 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of the expanding mandrel 42 according to the invention (FIG. 2) with an integrated counter-holder 48. That is, the counter-holder is not, as in FIG. 1, stored and controlled separately from the expanding mandrel 42, but rather is designed as a unit with the latter. The arrangement of the expanding mandrel 42 / counter-holder 48 is such that when the expanding mandrel 42 is aligned in the bearing seat 4, the counter-holder 48 is carried along and automatically placed in a defined position relative to the bearing cover 50. Thus, in the event of fracture separation, there is no need to constantly re-align the counter-holder 48, as well as a device for guiding and controlling the counter-holder 48. The counter-holder 48 is mounted in such a way that it moves the movable expanding jaw 44 of the expanding mandrel 42 with each radial movement and so the distance A between the movable expanding jaw 44 and the

Counterholder 48 always remains constant. In order to also be able to use the expanding mandrel 42 with the counter-holder 48 used for fracture separation when screwing it down, this is designed such that when the expansion mandrel in the bearing seat 4 falls below a certain insertion depth ET, the bearing cover 50 is released by the counter-holder 48, the expanding mandrel 42 remains with a section 52 in the bearing seat 4. If screws 54 are now fed to the split bearing seat 4 and the bearing seat parts 50, 56 are joined, the spreading force FS can be opposed when the joining force FF is screwed on.

In a fracture separation method according to the invention, bearing seats 4 of workpieces 6 are preferably machined according to FIG. 3. The bearing seats 4 are axially aligned with one another in opposite end sections 60, 62 of a universal joint fork 6 and are divided along the fracture separation plane 64 into bearing beds 56 and bearing cover 50. The fracture separation plane 64 becomes parallel to the axis

Bearing seat axis 66 in the x direction and diametrically extending notches 68, 70 on the inner peripheral surfaces 72 of the bearing seats 4 are determined.

The universal joint fork 6 is pre-oriented in a holder on the turntable 12 via the loading station SI. The position of the universal joint fork 6 on the turntable 12 is determined by means of optical orientation devices 9, so that the universal joint fork 6 rotates into a final orientation by rotating the rotary table 12

Reference can be made to the processing stations SI, S2, S3. The universal joint fork 6 controls the laser station S2, in which two diametrical notches 68, 70 are made in the inner circumferential surfaces 72 of the bearing seats 4 in the x direction and in parallel to the axis of the bearing seat. There is one for making the notch 68, 70 necessary linear movement via a corresponding control of the cross table 10 in the x direction. That is, the workpiece 6 is moved or retracted with its bearing seats 4 over the laser head 76. First, a notch 68 is made in each bearing seat 4, the universal joint fork 6 is pivoted through 180 ° about its vertical z-axis, and then the second notch 70 is made in each bearing seat 4. In the case of a laser head 76 which is rotatably mounted at least 180 ° about the x-axis, it is also conceivable for the respective second notch 70 to be introduced into the inner circumferential surfaces 72 of the bearing seats 4 directly after the respective first notch 68 by means of a corresponding control of the laser head 76 becomes. A necessary rotation of the turntable 12 through 180 ° around the z-axis is thus eliminated.

Now the bearing seats 4 are broken and joined one after the other in the break separation and screwing station S3. The expanding mandrel 42 of the break-separating and screwing station S3 can move into a bearing seat 4 via a corresponding linear movement of the cross table 10.

In a method according to the invention (FIG. 1), the counter-holder 48 is aligned in the y-direction with respect to the bearing cover 50 and is separated from the bearing bed 56 by a radial movement of the movable expanding jaw 44. The counter-holder 48 moves back to its starting position after the break separation, so that the break-separated bearing seat 4, the universal joint fork 6 is aligned with the screwing unit 34 by a backward movement of the cross table 10 in the x direction. After removal of loose fragments from the fracture surfaces 74 (cleaning of the fracture surfaces 74, for example by blowing out), the bearing seat 4 is joined by means of screws 54 through the screwing unit 34, with a joining force FF being countered by a spreading force FS via the actuation of the expanding mandrel 22. is set. When the first bearing seat 4 is joined accordingly, the cross table 10 moves back until the universal joint fork can be rotated about its vertical z-axis by 180 ° about the rotary table, so that the breaking separation and joining at the second bearing seat 4 is repeated. Finally, the universal joint fork 6 is removed from the holder of the turntable 12 and discharged via the unloading station SI, so that a further universal joint fork 6 can be processed.

In another method according to the invention (FIG. 2), when the counter-holder 48 is attached to the expanding mandrel 42, the counter-holder 48 is simultaneously aligned with the bearing cap 50 when the bearing seat 4 is positioned relative to the expanding mandrel 42, so that the bearing cap 50 is moved in the following radial actuation of the movable expanding jaw 44 blown away perpendicular to the fracture separation plane 64 and fixed in position by the counter-holder 48. The alignment of the counter-holder 48 in the y-direction according to the method described above is thus omitted. The cross table 10 moves back in the x direction in a defined manner until the counter-holder 48 releases the bearing cover 50, so that the first bearing seat 4 can be joined by the screwing unit 34 by means of screws 54. The steps are removing loose fragments from the broken surfaces, applying a spreading force FS through the expanding mandrel 42, in accordance with the above-described method (expanding mandrel 42 according to FIG. 1), and aligning the universal joint fork 6 for separating and joining the second bearing seat 4 in accordance with this The method (expanding mandrel 42 according to FIG. 2) described steps for the first bearing seat 4.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to create fracture separation methods in which a workpiece 6 is only in an approximate position with respect to the individual via a cross table 10 Processing stations SI, S2, S3 is brought, and a detailed positioning takes place via feed or drive devices of the processing stations SI, S2, S3, ie the processing stations SI, S2, S3 are not stationary, but can also be moved via corresponding guides and slides. The applicant reserves the right to direct a claim to such a break separation device.

What is disclosed is a device in which a workpiece for forming split bearing seats can be fed to individual processing stations via a cross table and a rotary table, and a method for forming split bearing seats using the device according to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 establishment

3 machine bed

4 bearing seat 6 workpiece

8 feed device

9 Orientation device

10 cross table

12 rotary table

13 linear guide

14 linear slides

15 linear guide 20 side surface 22 side surface 24 industrial laser 26 optical system

28 cross table

30 NC drive

32 NC drive

35 screwing device

36 screw feeder unit

38 NC drive

40 linear slides

42 expanding mandrel

44 movable expanding jaw

46 fixed expanding jaw

48 counterholders

50 bearing seat part (bearing cover;

52 section

54 screw

56 bearing seat part (bearing bed)

60 end section

62 end section

64 fracture dividing plane

66 bearing seat axle 68 notch

70 notch

72 inner circumferential surface

73 outer peripheral surface

74 fracture surface 76 laser head

78 end section on the bearing seat side

Claims

Expectations

1. Fracture separating device (2) for forming split bearing seats (4) of workpieces (6), with a loading and

Unloading station, a laser station for making notches in the bearing seats, a break separation station for breaking separation of the bearing seats and with a screwing station for screwing the bearing seats, characterized in that all processing stations are assigned a common turntable (12) mounted on a cross table (10) , on which a single workpiece (6) is clamped, the cross table (10) being designed in such a way that the processing stations for processing the workpiece (6) can be approached.

2. Break separation device (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotary table (12) is mounted on the cross table, which is rotatable at least by 180 °.

Fracture separating device (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the processing stations are arranged in a ring around the cross table (10) or I-shaped, or T-shaped or L-shaped.

4. Break separation device (2) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the break separation station and the screwing station are combined such that both processing stations (S3) access the same expanding mandrel (42).

5. Fracture separating device according to claim 4, characterized ^¬ characterized in that an expanding mandrel (42) with a counter-holder (48) is arranged such that from a certain depth of entry of the expanding mandrel (42) into the bearing seat (4) a bearing cover (50 ) from the counter holder (48) in is fixable in one position and if the drop-in depth falls below this, the counter-holder (48) releases the bearing cover (59), the expanding mandrel (42) with a section (52) remaining in the bearing seat (4).

6. Fracture separation process (2) for the formation of split bearing seats (4) of workpieces (6), which are separated by means of fracture separation in bearing beds (56) and bearing caps (50), and are joined after removing loose fragments from broken surfaces (74) characterized in that a single workpiece (6) is clamped on a turntable (12) which is moved over a cross table (10), so that the workpiece (6) of a loading and unloading station, a laser station for making notches ( 68, 70) into the bearing seats (4), a break separation station for breaking separation of the bearing seats (4) and a screwing station for screwing the bearing seats (4).

7. fracture separation method according to claim 6, characterized in that when screwing a counteracting the spreading force can be applied to the bearing seat (4), the spreading force being generated via the expanding mandrel (42) by means of which the breaking force was previously applied.

8. Fracture separation method according to claim 6 or 7, with the steps: a. Introduce a notch (68) into a first and a second bearing seat (4) in each section of their inner circumferential surface (72) by moving the cross table (10) and b. Moving the cross table (10) so that the workpiece (6) can be rotated through 180 ° about its vertical axis and introducing a notch (70) each diametrically to the first notches (68) in the corresponding bearing seat (4) or c. Rotating a laser head (76) through 180 ° about an axis coaxial to the bearing seat axis and introducing a notch (70) diametrically to the first notches (68) in the corresponding bearing seat (4) by moving the cross table (10), d. Breaking and screwing the first bearing seat

(4) and e. Breaking and screwing the second bearing seat (4).

9. Fracture separation method according to claim 6, 7 or 8 with the steps: a. Positioning the expanding mandrel (42) of the break separation station in the bearing seat (4) by moving the cross table (10) so that a counter-holder (48) carried over the expanding mandrel (42) moves the bearing cover (50) perpendicularly to the break separation plane (64) during break separation its position fixed, b. Break separation of the bearing seat (4), c. Positioning the expanding mandrel (42) of the break separation station in the bearing seat (4) by moving the cross table (10) so that the counter-holder (48) releases the bearing cover (50) and screws (54) can be fed in, the expanding mandrel ( 42) remains with a section (52) in the bearing seat (4), i. Screwing the bearing seat (4), and e. Moving the cross table (10) so that the bearing seat (4) can be rotated through 180 ° about its vertical axis and repeating steps a) to d) on the second bearing seat (4).