WO2003021478A2 - Verfahren und anordnung zur datenauswertung sowie ein entsprechendes computerprogramm-erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares speichermedium - Google Patents
Verfahren und anordnung zur datenauswertung sowie ein entsprechendes computerprogramm-erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares speichermedium Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003021478A2 WO2003021478A2 PCT/EP2002/009735 EP0209735W WO03021478A2 WO 2003021478 A2 WO2003021478 A2 WO 2003021478A2 EP 0209735 W EP0209735 W EP 0209735W WO 03021478 A2 WO03021478 A2 WO 03021478A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/70—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for data evaluation as well as a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, which can be used in particular as an internet-based patient-specific forecasting system.
- a method and an arrangement for data evaluation as well as a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, which can be used in particular as an internet-based patient-specific forecasting system.
- the integration of clinical, pathological and molecular biological data is made possible, as well as the linking of these data with relevant prognostic statements for a specific patient.
- the system allows an oncologist, for example, to make an individual therapy decision based on specific information patterns.
- IT Information technology
- Prediction statements are particularly important for cancer diseases in order to determine the best possible therapy. The importance arises from the fact that cancer, in contrast to a viral disease, which causes the same symptoms in every patient, has a developing and individual clinical picture. The following facts are important for prognostic statements for these diseases:
- Patient information such as age, co-morbidity, reliability, etc., - environmental information such as surgeon, initial treatment, insurance system, country, etc.,
- Tumor information such as pathology, tumor staging, mutations, gene expression at the transcriptome and proteome level.
- the staging systems available today (such as the TumorNodeMetastasis system from the International Union against Cancer - UICC) already allow statements to be made for patient groups, but unfortunately not for a specific patient. In the prognosis, however, information must be related to each individual patient, taking into account their specific situation, whereas in diagnosis the special is generalized and ignored. In future, modern findings from tumor gene expression research will also have to be taken into account in order to enable this step from diagnosis to patient-specific prognosis - and thus individual therapy. A task that has not yet been solved. Another unresolved problem with the conventional systems is dealing with the considerable amounts of data that have to be evaluated for a high-quality forecast. These can no longer be managed by the doctor (oncologist) alone when making therapy decisions. The computer technology currently available and the programs used for data evaluation are also unsuitable for evaluating the amounts of data made available by the molecular biological databases in a reasonable time.
- the object to be achieved by the invention is to provide an improved method for data evaluation.
- the aim is to expand the informative value (which was previously only possible for patient groups) to include forecasts for an individual patient (e.g. regarding the risk of metastasis, therapy response to a number of chemotherapeutic agents, and prediction of side effects).
- the invention is intended to determine the significance of the parameters taken into account in the evaluation, and thereby to achieve a reduction in the amount of data required for the forecast without reducing the quality of the forecast.
- a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that in the method for data evaluation using data processing devices coupled to databases, the amounts of data required for a high-quality evaluation, such as, for. B. a medical prognosis, must be taken into account, can be reduced considerably if request data supplied to the data processing device is evaluated by storing the stored data in the database (s) in accordance with predefinable rules and / or using artificial intelligence methods Data are determined, the quality of this corresponding data is automatically evaluated, on the basis of this evaluation, the associated request and / or corresponding data, the significance of this request and / or corresponding data for the request is automatically determined, the results of the evaluation, the quality evaluation and / or the significance of the data is output and / or made available.
- An arrangement for data evaluation is advantageously set up in such a way that it comprises at least one processor which is (are) set up in such a way that a method for data evaluation can be carried out, the request data supplied to the data processing device being evaluated in accordance with specifiable rules and / or using methods of artificial intelligence with data corresponding to the request data in which the database (s) stored are determined, the quality of this corresponding data is automatically evaluated, based on this evaluation, the associated According to the request and / or corresponding data, the significance of this request and / or corresponding data for the request is automatically determined, the results of the evaluation, the quality assessment and / or the significance of the data are output and / or made available.
- a computer program product for data evaluation comprises a computer-readable storage medium on which a program is stored which, after it has been loaded into the memory of the computer, enables a computer to carry out a method for data evaluation, the data evaluation comprising the method steps according to one of the claims 1 to 12 comprises.
- a computer-readable storage medium is advantageously used, on which a program is stored which enables a computer to carry out a method for data evaluation after it has been loaded into the memory of the computer, the data evaluation carrying out the method steps according to a of claims 1 to 12.
- One method for using a system for data evaluation is that access to the system is made possible by a fee-based PIN, the PIN being provided with means for recording data to be entered into the system and / or with means for recording material which is used for the determination the data to be entered is connected, and the user acquires the PIN by paying a fee.
- the data evaluation generates medical forecasts and the request data are supplied as clinical pathological data by a doctor and / or as bio-molecular data by an analysis laboratory to the data processing device. It is advantageous if the request data and / or the data stored in the database (s) take into account disease-related factors and / or patient-specific factors and / or environmental-specific factors. In particular, tumor-specific factors are also taken into account among the disease-related factors.
- the data stored in the database (s) it has been found to be advantageous for the data stored in the database (s) to be updated by supplying data about the therapy and the course of the disease to cases of the data processing device predicted by the data processing device. It is also provided that the evaluation rules are updated in an iterative learning process in which the request, request data, used in evaluating the request, data stored in the database (s), results of the evaluation and actually occurred events are taken into account.
- the amount of data stored in the database (s) is reduced and / or, depending on the significance, the number of request data to be supplied and / or the amount of data the database (s) stored data is reduced.
- the evaluation by cluster analysis, similarity search, tendency analysis, correspondence analysis, ascending hierarchical classification, main analysis and / or wavelet analysis in connection with probabili generated from error models - Actual values and / or means of artificial intelligence such as neural networks and / or rule-based systems.
- the data evaluation includes the determination of the probability of occurrence of events identified by the request and / or by the corresponding data.
- a reduction in the data to be processed can be achieved by determining the significance of the data in such a way that a query is evaluated a first time without taking this data into account and a second time taking this data into account, comparing the evaluations of the results of these two evaluations and the measure of the influence of the data is determined relative to an improvement or deterioration of the second evaluation compared to the first evaluation and if the second evaluation improves compared to the first evaluation, the data are regarded as significant and are taken into account in future evaluations if the second evaluation deteriorates Compared to the first evaluation, the data are considered insignificant and are no longer used for future evaluations.
- the invention considerably improves the availability of clinically relevant knowledge about a specific medical problem at the doctor's workplace (oncologist) by supplying the data, requesting and / or outputting the results via the Internet.
- the computer system (accessible on the Internet) gives him access to data that come from different databases, but e.g. B. were put on a uniform basis by using the Internet standard XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
- XML eXtensible Markup Language
- the different formats and data structures are no longer recognizable to him. This makes it possible to have a lasting impact on the acceptance and the actual influence of gene expression data on patient care.
- This standardization of the language or formats of the data creates the organizational prerequisites for a successful use of the invention.
- an arrangement which comprises the following: at least one data processing device coupled to at least one database, means for data input and / or output, according to predefinable rules and / or means for determining artificial intelligence data corresponding to request data stored in a database (s) supplied with a data processing device, means for automatically evaluating the quality of the corresponding data,
- Means for automatically determining the significance of the request and / or corresponding data for a request will allow the risk of metastasis of an individual patient to be estimated, so that the indication of adjuvant chemotherapy can be made more targeted.
- an estimation of the probability of the therapy response for a number of Che otherapeutics is made possible, so that tumor resistance patterns can also be identified with an appropriate tumor profiling.
- a further advantage of the invention is that the risk of unsuccessful expensive therapy attempts is significantly reduced, the development costs of a medicament are reduced, and thus the health costs are reduced, since it is possible to determine patient groups that are suitable for clinical studies with a certain chemotherapy drugs are best suited.
- the doctor is able to make an individual therapy decision, ie a therapy decision based on a specific clinical picture or stage of the disease.
- prospective randomized studies could possibly be replaced by evidence-based data with a high value. This would be a further advantage because the implementation of numerous randomized studies with an increasing number of cancer therapies is associated with considerable costs and organizational difficulties, which could thus be saved.
- An improvement of patient-specific prognoses can be expected by using data, genes, molecular and / or genetic targets, which by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12, by an arrangement according to one of claims 13 or 14, by a computer program product Claim 15, made available by a computer readable storage medium according to claim 16 or a use according to claim 17.
- Production methods for diagnostic arrangements are therefore preferred, which comprises the steps of a method according to one of Claims 1 to 12 and an additional step in which a diagnostically effective analysis tool, such as, for. B.
- RNA or protein chip and / or a combination of genes, which by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, by an arrangement according to one of claims 13 or 14, by a computer program product according to claim 15, by a computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16 or a use according to claim 17 have been made available.
- carrier elements on which data, genes, molecular and / or genetic targets are provided, which by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12, by a Arrangement according to one of claims 13 or 14, made available by a computer program product according to claim 15, by a computer-readable storage medium according to claim 16 or a use according to claim 17.
- the carrier element is designed as a chip and - data on the individual risk, such as. B. metastasis potential, and / or
- the carrier element is preferably designed as a reproducible chip.
- Findings from (internet) management and quality assurance for e-health systems show that the objective that is implemented by the invention requires a problem-oriented presentation that is not based solely on a strictly scientific structure, such as gene expression data communication. Rather, it is necessary - and the invention fulfills this requirement - to create a basis with the help of a well-structured structure, the representation of larger relationships and the demonstration of methods and techniques, which enables the doctor (oncologist), in addition to one individual therapy decisions fertilizing in addition to be able to form your own practical solutions based on the knowledge imparted.
- a further possibility of using the system for data evaluation consists in that a distributor of the system for data evaluation concludes user agreements with at least one customer and the customer (s) makes the system usable for further participants by assigning PINs subject to fees. ,
- reference laboratories, pharmaceutical companies and / or content providers use the system for data evaluation as a customer.
- the fees for the use of the system for data evaluation are raised by the customer and - per use case and / or as a percentage of the turnover that the customer makes with the system and / or - per assigned PIN be determined.
- a means for detecting material includes a carrier chip for the samples required in a - if necessary reproducible - laboratory test, such as, for. B. is a DNA microarray.
- Another advantage is the use of a system for data evaluation according to one of claims 1 to 32 for carrying out profit or non-profit actions by doctors, patients and / or companies operating the system, one action by participants and / or providers the system is started.
- Such actions could include, for example, the exchange of information and / or the introduction of customer and / or patient groups.
- Such a use of the system for data evaluation is particularly useful if the actions include the creation, maintenance and / or marketing of a network of excellence and / or the distribution of therapies and / or the selection of patient groups for clinical studies.
- this can ensure that visitor loyalty is strengthened for the corresponding web pages and / or a specific customer base is tied to the system.
- FIG. 1 a shows a schematic illustration of the method steps in conventional data evaluation
- FIG. 1 b shows a schematic illustration of the method steps in data evaluation according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a-d shows the modular structure of a medical information system
- FIG. 3 a-f shows a detailed illustration of the modular structure building a medical information system
- ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic
- the exemplary system is an internet-based medical information system, which is composed of databases, a data reduction program and modules of artificial intelligence (neural network or rule-based system). It allows the integration of clinical, pathological and biological data, and their connection with relevant prognostic statements for a specific patient. This information system thus enables the oncologist to make an individual therapy decision based on specific information patterns. Therapy decisions are supported by probability calculations. Colorectal carcinoma was chosen as the prototype.
- the exemplary medical information system integrates data from transcriptome and proteome research.
- a patient comes to the doctor and inquires about treatment options for his cancer.
- the oncologist sends the samples against invoice to a reference laboratory, where one or more laboratory tests can be carried out using any laboratory method, such as a chip, in order to carry out the necessary gene expression analyzes.
- the oncologist receives a PIN number, thanks to which he receives all relevant patient data (patient-specific, environment-specific, etc.) in anonymous form in the database of the computer system according to the invention.
- the reference laboratory also enters all tumor data with the PIN in this database.
- a data set includes all prognostic factors as variables that are accepted by medicine for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Thanks to the PIN number, the correspondence between the molecular and clinical information can be recognized. This combined information is compared to the database, and the patient with the closest information pattern and their course of the disease is selected. A retrospective error minimization procedure is used. The doctor (surgeon or oncologist) can then use the PIN to request various predictions from the information system. Within minutes, the patient then receives information about the likelihood of metastasis, resistance profiles for various chemotherapeutic agents, possibly for immunotherapeutic agents or the like. The knowledge gained in this way is an important decision-making aid when making therapy decisions.
- the conventional method is compared with the data evaluation according to the invention in FIGS. While in a conventional method (cf. FIG. 1 a) the input variables 1 immediately in a module 2 for calculating the correlation and then in a module 3 for multivariate statistical analysis (for example, regression analysis), a transformation step 5 is carried out in the method according to the invention (cf. FIG. 1b) after reading in the input variable 1.
- the transformation step 5 is an important step of the method according to the invention and serves to avoid non-linearity of the method in order to keep the computation effort low.
- the symbolic variables are converted here in a suitable form.
- the variables with the highest information content are determined one after the other. This continues until each variable has been assigned the appropriate weighting.
- the next step is training and the selection of model 7.
- This procedural step includes training various models with different input variables and a number of hidden neurons, which were calculated according to the Bayesian evidence approach.
- the best model 8 determined in this way can now calculate the forecasts for new patients, that is to say determine an output value for new input data.
- the model architecture 8 can always be improved and adapted (the model "learns").
- the results 4b which are achieved when using the method according to the invention, are distinguished from the results 4a achievable by the conventional method by a higher forecast quality, which is achieved above all by creating patient-specific, individual risk profiles.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b clearly show, by using a data mining system, the method enables such data or characteristics - so-called classifiers - to be determined, in particular molecular biological characteristics that are not contained in the data sets of the clinical data lead to a differentiation of the risk groups within the UICC groups. Taking into account a feature / classifier determined in this way, ie after appropriate training of the system, forecasts for these two subgroups can be made much more precisely.
- FIG. 4a and 4b clearly show, by using a data mining system, the method enables such data or characteristics - so-called classifiers - to be determined, in particular molecular biological characteristics that are not contained in the data sets of the clinical data lead to a differentiation of the risk groups within the UICC groups.
- the deviation for the prediction of a five-year survival time for the patient group without this feature is up 25% compared to the entire group, for the group of patients who have the feature, the prognosis for the five-year survival decreased by 8% compared to the entire group.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate in detail by means of various graphical representations how the forecast quality can be significantly improved if the forecast is based on additional data which were determined using the data mining system of the invention.
- FIGS. 5a-c show the results when applied to patients of UICC stage I (FIG. 5a), to patients of UICC stage II (FIG. 5b) and to patients of UICC stage III (FIG. 5c). In all cases it is clear that the application of the data evaluation according to the invention to special patient groups allows a further significant classification.
- ROC curves illustrate the quality of a prediction.
- the 'sensitivity' ie the ratio of the correct predictions about the occurrence of an event to the total number of positive test results
- the quality of the forecast is given by the area under the curve.
- Tumor-related factors characterize the disease
- - patient-specific factors refer to the patient, - environmental factors that do not relate directly to the patient or the tumor.
- tumor-specific factors relate to histological information (type, characteristics) and the anatomical spread of the disease.
- the tumor pathology is crucial for the prognosis in cancer.
- the histological type defines the disease, but other factors such as B. the stage or the involvement of lymph nodes affect the result.
- the anatomical spread of the tumor is usually based on the criteria of the TNM classification Size, infiltration of the primary tumor, existing lymph node metastases and distant metastases are described.
- cancer-specific proteins have only been used as tumor markers to reflect the tumor burden, without, however, the tumor behavior j. to be able to characterize exactly.
- Recent results in tumor biology have brought the prognostic role of tumor-specific proteins to the fore again.
- gene products they can u. a.
- New technologies in molecular diagnostics make it possible today to determine genetic information related to minimal tumor burden, aggressive tumor cell growth and tumor cell reaction due to changes in DNA or immunotherapies.
- Patient-specific factors are factors present in the patient, which are either indirect or not malignant, but which can have a major influence on the result through an interference with the tumor behavior or their reaction to the treatment. A distinction is made between demographic factors, co-morbidity and existing diseases.
- Demographic factors These factors that affect the oncological outcome are age, gender and ethnicity. None of these factors can be affected by surgery or treatment, but many independently affect the outcome of other factors. For example, elderly patients have a shorter survival time with Hodgkin's disease or with lymphoma. The role of gender is far less well defined, but the results for Hodgkin's diseases or malignant malignomas were worse in men than in women.
- B. Neurofibromatosis which is a risk factor for neurogenic sarcomas and a prognostic factor for cancer results.
- Performance Status is a strong prognostic factor for many types of cancer, especially those with advanced status such as B. Lung and bladder cancer that require chemotherapy. As a result of age or comorbidity should this factor can be viewed as a patient-specific factor.
- RNA and protein level For gene expression profiling at the RNA and protein level, purified samples and clinical data from colorectal patients, of whom the required information is available, are analyzed and the transcriptome and proteome profiles determined. A large number of frozen samples from different colorectal patients from different institutions are available for this purpose.
- the samples prepared using this method can be compared, even if they come from different institutions. This fulfills a basic condition for later comparing the predictive statements of the system described here in various institutions. In the future, this will enable the large sample throughput numbers required to validate gene expression research to be achieved.
- several thousand samples from patients e.g. T. with stool, blood and bone marrow puncture.
- the theoretical input of the clinical network, in which the exemplary information system is integrated amounts to several thousand new colorectal cancers per year.
- a complete system for Such analyzes include, for example, the following components:
- DNA chips The DNA chips (DNA microarrays): A basic distinction is made between the cDNA chips and the oligo chips. In the case of cDNA chips, approximately 300-400 bp long PCR products are applied to the chips. One is currently able to spot approximately 14,000 cDNAs on an array.
- oligo chips In the oligo chips, approx. 60 bp long oligonucleotides are synthesized on the chip surface. Arrays with 8,400 features are produced, on request also as a double array (16,800 spots). Especially in the field of DNA chips, new developments will lead to increasingly denser arrays (higher number of spots) with a very high flexibility in the sequence selection in a very short time.
- microarray scanner New developments in the field of microarray scanners are able to analyze 2 fluorescence wavelengths at the same time. With a resolution of 5 or 10 ⁇ m (adjustable by the user), the scanner needs about 8 minutes to scan a chip. A 48 chip carousel allows the use of this system in high throughput analysis.
- the Bioanalyzer is a lab-on-a-chip system that is used for quality control, especially for RNA purification. With the help of the bio-analyzer, the RNA purified by the experimenter is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by machine. Proteome analysis
- Proteome techniques can be used to determine the qualitative and quantitative expression of proteins in various disease stages. Since post-translational protein changes are known to play an important role in the clinical behavior of diseased cells, tissues and / or organs, these differences in protein expression have an important influence in the use of the information system described as an example.
- proteome techniques in human colorectal cancer e.g. B. one (SDS-PAGE) or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE), N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and MS-MS) and chips on which antibody, ligand or various surfaces for Binding proteins are used to serve.
- SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE
- 2D PAGE two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
- MALDI-TOF and MS-MS N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry
- chips on which antibody, ligand or various surfaces for Binding proteins are used to serve.
- 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry lends itself as exemplary technology for work in the field of proteome research.
- the proteins are separated by means of 2-D gel electrophoresis and then stained.
- the protein spots are cut out, digested enzymatically and the resulting peptide mixture is examined by mass spectrometry.
- the protein is identified by means of a database comparison of the resulting peptide mass fingerprints.
- the mass spectrometry platform consists of an automatic sample preparation station, a high-performance MALDI mass spectrometer (matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time of flight) and an automatic data station Carrying out the database search together.
- the MALDI-MS has a high sensitivity and high mass accuracy; both are basic requirements for successful protein identification.
- sequence information of the peptides can be determined using the PSD technique (Post Sorce Decay).
- PSD technique Post Sorce Decay
- electrospray mass spectrometer is helpful in order to gain easier access to sequence information and to be able to specifically determine post-translational modifications. Further automation can be achieved by using an automatic spot picker and a digester.
- Another important task that had to be solved in the development of the medical information system according to the invention is the translation of the various information platforms (transcriptome and / or proteome data) into a common language.
- a bioinformatics concept was developed for the exemplary oncological information system that allows data from the clinic, from pathology, from DNA databases (such as CGAP), from cDNA arrays (such as e.g. Agilent Chips) and to integrate and analyze from 2D PAGE.
- the various information from the clinic, pathology, transcriptome and proteome research are translated into the web-based (* .xml) bioinformatic language GEML (Gene Expression Markup Language) (see http: // www. geml.org).
- Data reduction methods are used as a component of the exemplary oncological information system. Available data reduction software had to be adapted to the special requirements of oncological evaluations. The approximately 10 4 information per patient is reduced to 10 2 by using this software.
- the digitized proteome or transcriptome images generated by the scanner are processed in a compatible analysis program.
- This program is able to evaluate and save the gene expression data.
- the program logs each gene expression pattern and allows comparisons of different experiments. This generally requires database queries in external and internal databases.
- the program generates technology-specific error models. The probability values of each measurement generated from the error models are propagated across the entire analysis environment, which is a higher predictive value
- Cluster analyzes, similarity searches and tendency analyzes are possible.
- the program enables analyzes to be carried out on exons, sequences, cluster intensity and ratio calculations.
- Clustering analyzes include, for example, agglomerative, division, mean and median algorithms.
- An exemplary information technology method allows research of similar patterns with the pattern of interest within all data sets in the database.
- Time sequences for example in an iterative follow-up measurement, can also be displayed on a time line, whereby specific behavior can be identified.
- Special search engines allow a quick database query and can be adapted to an internal database.
- Hypertext links can also be formulated so that connections can be made to internal or external databases.
- Bioinformatics is further supported by the fact that clinical outcomes (such as the ability to metastasize or the resistance to therapy of a specific tumor) can be directly linked to data patterns after the clinical-pathological data have been taken into account.
- This interpretation can e.g. B. by artificial intelligence and / or machine learning be simplified.
- Conventional computer programs contain a set of explicit instructions that tell the program exactly what and how it has to perform a calculation.
- Artificial intelligence systems (KL systems) work under completely different conditions: the program is given knowledge rather than being given exact instructions for its execution. This happens during the training phase of the AI system. By repeatedly applying the AI system to historical data and comparing the results of these evaluations ("conclusions”) with the facts actually available, during the course of this training it learns the behavior required by the "fully developed” system ,
- the correspondence analysis approach and the ascending hierarchical classification that are used in the information system according to the invention differ significantly from the more classic approach of discriminant analysis using main component analysis.
- the correspondence analysis provides a factorized space of reduced size for the representation of the samples.
- the increasing hierarchical classification sorts the pictures into meaningful groups.
- the simultaneous display of both the spots and the chip or gel images takes place in the same factored space.
- the characteristic gene or protein representatives of a certain class of gels e.g. cancer metastasis samples
- the software can automatically create protein or gene patterns classify, according to the respective requirements main component analysis, wavelet analysis, artificial neural networks, heuristic clustering analysis and others can be used individually or in combination.
- This laboratory test enables the outcome-relevant genetic, translational or functional characteristics of a tumor to be summarized. This procedure makes it possible to use so-called integrated health care solutions, where the therapy is coupled with the diagnostics.
- Such a laboratory test (or also several laboratory tests) can (or can) be carried out, for example, with a chip.
- the chips have the following properties:
- the chip provides data on the metastasis potential
- the chip provides data on the therapy response for at least 10 common chemotherapeutic agents, the chip provides data on the patient's metabolism (e.g. enzymatic equipment),
- the chip provides information on autoimmunity to the tumor
- the chip contains no more than 10 2 different pieces of information (+ doubles) and
- the chip is reproducible. Due to the reproducibility, the chips can be widely used, so that inexpensive production is possible.
- the information system for the data exchange between the treating doctor, reference laboratory (s) and databases, the information system according to the invention comprises a preferably multilingual, secure web interface which, in the exemplary solution, enables connection to oncologists and reference laboratories. Structuring the information system using the Internet standard XML (eXtensible Markup Language) improves the availability of clinically relevant knowledge about a specific medical problem at the oncologist's workplace.
- XML eXtensible Markup Language
- the chosen cryptographic basic technology of the exemplary oncological information system is symmetrical encryption. Highly efficient processes are available here that guarantee long-term security with a key length of 128 bits, for example.
- Communication partners have a common key, the PIN number. The PIN number is only sent to the doctor being treated on account, so that the patient cannot have direct access to the information provided by the information system.
- the AES Advanced Encyrption Standard
- the cryptographic chip card is ideal as a safe place to store the electronic identity of a certain oncologist, i.e. the HPC (Health Professional Card, ID for healthcare professions) in healthcare.
- HPC Health Professional Card, ID for healthcare professions
- HON Code of Conduct for medical websites in the health sector is implemented as an example (www.hon.ch/HONcode/German). Active content such as Java scripts are not used, except in mandatory applications such as remote entry of clinical and pathological data anonymized with a PIN and follow-up data.
- the reference laboratories, large pharmaceutical companies or content providers represent the actual customers of the operator ("customers").
- the target audience or users of the information system (“participants”) are e.g. B. Doctors who deal with cancer.
- This business idea would use several advantages. So the operator would only have to concentrate on a few customers and could e.g. B. use the developed sales system of these large customers, which extends from large pharmaceutical companies to the individual doctor. With the right choice of customers, the worldwide availability of the information system can be achieved.
- the billing of the fees for the use of the information system should advantageously also be done by the customers and not directly by the individual participants from the target audience. Depending on the requirements, one could agree an advance payment, installment payments, fees per use case or fees as a percentage of the turnover that the customer makes with the information system. Fees per “PIN” that were given to the participants of the target audience or customers are also conceivable. This PIN enables the participant from the target audience to access and use the information system; more precisely: to the patient-specific data linked to the PIN. The participant receives the PIN against payment of a fee to the customer ("no money - no PIN"). In connection with the PIN, the participant receives a chip that contains the tests required for the analysis.
- the requirements for the chip result, among other things, from the statements made by the information system with regard to the significance of the variables
- the chip is then sent to a reference laboratory and the evaluation is carried out in the manner described above it is conceivable that the patient sample is sent directly from the participant to the reference laboratory and only then applied to the chip, and the PIN would then be sent by the reference laboratory together with the test results to the participant.
- the price for using the information system would be in the total price for purchase of the chip. If the participant requests the information system from the target audience stem, he is usually asked to provide certain information, especially about the course of therapy, medication or the course of the disease. This data is used, among other things, to optimize the system. Since this increases the value of the system, one can possibly consider reimbursing a certain amount of the fees to the respective participant from this data entry.
- Input variables module for calculating the correlation module for multivariate statistical analysis a results of the conventional method a results of the method according to the invention transformation step feature selection training and selection of the model best model, model architecture pre-operative data 0 pre-operative and additional, by the inventor - Determined data evaluation according to the data
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Medical Treatment And Welfare Office Work (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/488,165 US20040236723A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | Method and system for data evaluation, corresponding computer program product, and corresponding computer-readable storage medium |
EP02797658A EP1423806A2 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | Verfahren und anordnung zur datenauswertung sowie ein entsprechendes computerprogramm-erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares speichermedium |
JP2003525500A JP2005501625A (ja) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | データ評価のための方法およびシステムならびに対応のコンピュータプログラム製品および対応のコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体 |
CA002459003A CA2459003A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | Method and system for data evaluation, corresponding computer program product, and corresponding computer-readable storage medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10143712.9 | 2001-08-30 | ||
DE10143712A DE10143712A1 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Verfahren, Computersystem und Computerprogrammprodukt zur Datenauswertung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003021478A2 true WO2003021478A2 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
WO2003021478A3 WO2003021478A3 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
Family
ID=7697934
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/009735 WO2003021478A2 (de) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-30 | Verfahren und anordnung zur datenauswertung sowie ein entsprechendes computerprogramm-erzeugnis und ein entsprechendes computerlesbares speichermedium |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040236723A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1423806A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005501625A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2459003A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10143712A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003021478A2 (de) |
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WO2010060461A1 (de) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-03 | Compugroup Holding Ag | Verfahren zur kontextsensitiven bereitstellung von patientenbezogenen informationen |
CN103845038A (zh) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-11 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | 一种体征信号采集方法和设备 |
CN104011718A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-08-27 | 国际商业机器公司 | 用于检测社交媒体中的趋势的方法、计算机程序和计算机 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003021478A3 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
US20040236723A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
JP2005501625A (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
DE10143712A1 (de) | 2003-04-10 |
EP1423806A2 (de) | 2004-06-02 |
CA2459003A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
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