WO2003019281A1 - Circuit pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique et procede de fabrication d'un tel circuit - Google Patents
Circuit pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique et procede de fabrication d'un tel circuit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003019281A1 WO2003019281A1 PCT/FR2002/002908 FR0202908W WO03019281A1 WO 2003019281 A1 WO2003019281 A1 WO 2003019281A1 FR 0202908 W FR0202908 W FR 0202908W WO 03019281 A1 WO03019281 A1 WO 03019281A1
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- circuit
- circuit according
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133351—Manufacturing of individual cells out of a plurality of cells, e.g. by dicing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136277—Active matrix addressed cells formed on a semiconductor substrate, e.g. of silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0026—Construction using free space propagation (e.g. lenses, mirrors)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0035—Construction using miscellaneous components, e.g. circulator, polarisation, acousto/thermo optical
Definitions
- Circuit for optical switching device and method of manufacturing such a circuit.
- the present invention relates to a circuit for an optical switching device. Such devices are used in the field of optoelectronics.
- optical switching devices comprising N optical input beams and N optical output beams, a liquid crystal cell being placed between the optical input and output beams.
- the cell includes a liquid crystal film inserted between electrodes and a transparent counter electrode.
- the device also comprises electronic control means for applying appropriate voltages to the counter-electrode and to the electrodes in order to produce variations in the refractive index of the liquid crystal such that an input optical beam is turned on a beam. output optics.
- EP-A-0 363 084 Reference may be made to document EP-A-0 363 084.
- Document FR-A-2 788 863 provides a support which includes both the electrodes of the liquid crystal cell and the electrode control circuits.
- the device optical switch comprises the electrodes of the liquid crystal cell, which are divided into groups, and the control electronic means: namely, first electronic circuits suitable for controlling the application of appropriate voltages on the electrode groups and, on the other hand, peripheral means including a management unit.
- the electronic control means are combined in a single integrated circuit which has different metallization levels, and the electrodes of the cell are formed by metallizations of a last level.
- the switching device comprises a support, with an integrated electronic circuit, for example on a silicon wafer, and electrodes arranged on the surface of this wafer.
- the switching device also comprises a liquid crystal film placed on the electrodes, a transparent plate and a counter electrode disposed between said transparent plate and the liquid crystal film.
- the voltages applied to the electrodes are such that there is a change in the refractive index of the liquid crystal which has a certain periodicity.
- the liquid crystal then behaves like a diffraction grating.
- An incident optical beam is diffracted in a main direction. Secondary beams also appear but of less intensity.
- Micro-display technologies notably offered by Three Five Systems (see document LCoS Microdisplay
- the invention provides an economical, compact, low-consumption and robust circuit for an optical switch.
- the circuit is intended for an optical switching device of the type comprising N optical input beams, N 'optical output beams and a circuit liquid crystal placed between the input optical beams and the N 'output optical beams.
- the circuit includes a liquid crystal film inserted between electrodes and a transparent counter electrode.
- the circuit includes a plurality of active optical zones disposed on a common substrate to form a corresponding number of optical deflectors.
- active optical zone is understood to mean a portion of the circuit provided with the liquid crystal film and capable of being controlled by control voltages so that for a given incident optical beam, the axis of the diffracted optical beam is determined by said voltages. ordered.
- An active area is generally capable of receiving a plurality of incident beams from a plurality of optical fibers generally grouped into matrices for directing the diffracted beams between at least two matrices of output optical fibers.
- the circuit comprises four or six active optical zones arranged on a common substrate.
- the circuit comprises memory means on the common substrate. At least one memory medium is associated with an optical deflector.
- the circuit includes an optically inactive area disposed between two active optical areas.
- the optically inactive zone can be formed similar to the active optical zones and therefore be provided with the same elements.
- the circuit comprises groups of connection pads, each group being arranged near an active optical zone.
- the circuit may include a control element disposed on the substrate and capable of selecting one from among the groups of connection pads.
- the circuit comprises means for supplying a binary excitation voltage for the electrodes, the mean effective voltage resulting from a sequencing of bits defined by a swept clock proportional to the weight of the bits.
- the circuit comprises means for supplying a binary excitation voltage of the electrodes, the mean effective voltage resulting from a sequencing of bits shuffled in a weight order defined by a count by inverting bit order.
- the circuit comprises means for extending a holding time of a first gray level relative to the holding times of other gray levels.
- the circuit comprises memory means located outside the active optical zones, so that the electrodes receive only the current value of the bit to be displayed.
- the circuit can comprise a means for sending to the electrodes the indication of the instants of switching of a binary output.
- the circuit may include means for sending a reset signal to "0" and "1" to the electrodes.
- At least part of an electrode control is integrated under an electrode, in particular the alternation control or the zero output control.
- the circuit comprises a dynamic storage means associated with a capacitance of an electrode.
- the dynamic storage means can include a logic gate. :
- the circuit comprises a static storage means arranged under an electrode. In one embodiment of the invention, the circuit comprises means for writing into memory by L * C control words of n bits and means for reading by C words of L * n bits.
- the circuit comprises memory means and a display logic arranged under an electrode.
- the invention also provides a method of manufacturing a circuit for an optical switching device, of the type comprising N optical input beams, N 'optical output beams, and a liquid crystal circuit placed between the N optical beams 'entry and the N 'optical beams of exit.
- the circuit includes a liquid crystal film inserted between electrodes and a transparent counter electrode.
- a plurality of active optical zones are formed on a common substrate. Different arrangements of active optical zones on a silicon wafer are applicable to this type of process.
- a plurality of circuits are formed on a wafer, for example made of silicon, then the wafer and the counter-electrode are cut simultaneously, in order to obtain circuits each comprising a substrate, a counter electrode , and a plurality of active optical zones.
- a counter electrode is formed for a plurality of circuits, then the substrate and the counter electrode are cut to separate the circuits from each other.
- at least one optically inactive zone arranged between two active optical zones is formed on a wafer and the wafer is cut, the cutting line passing through said optically inactive area.
- connection pads may be advantageous to arrange the groups of connection pads on the same side of the substrate, or even between two counter-electrodes.
- Figure 1 is a general top view of a circuit according to one aspect of the invention
- Figures 2 and 3 are top views of a substrate before cutting, comprising a plurality of circuits according to two embodiments of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a control element of the circuit of Figure 3;
- - Figures 5 and 6 are operating curves of a wobbled clock for controlling a circuit
- - Figure 7 is a diagram showing the control of a pixel by a bit
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the mixing of bits
- FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an on-board memory
- - Figure 13 is a schematic view of a memory with shift register for the control of an electrode
- - Figure 14 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a control circuit of an electrode
- Figure 15 is a detail view of Figure 14;
- - Figure 16 is a schematic view of a dynamic memory located under an electrode
- - Figure 17 is a schematic view of a memory with differentiated organization in reading and writing
- FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a storage circuit of a control bit of an electrode
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a control circuit of an electrode according to another embodiment.
- an optoelectronic circuit of VLSI technology (Nery Large Scale Integration, in English) comprises a central portion 2 with liquid crystal comprising a matrix of 64 elements capable of cooperating with a matrix of 64 optical fibers. input and two matrices of 64 output optical fibers.
- the central portion 2 can be subdivided into four subsets referenced 3 to 6 each comprising 16 elements or into 2 (right-left or top-bottom) subsets of 32 elements each.
- Circuit 1 also includes four line control blocks 7 to 10, respectively adjacent to sub-assemblies 3 to 6. Adjacent to blocks 7 to 10, blocks 11 to 14 are provided for managing blocks 7 to 10 respectively. Adjacent to blocks 11 to 14, there are memories 15 to 18 which store the values of the voltages to be displayed on each of the elements.
- the circuit 1 also includes four blocks 19 to 22 for controlling the reading and writing of the elements of the central portion 2. Each block 19 to 22 is adjacent to the sub-assemblies 3 to 6 respectively.
- the circuit 1 also comprises an interface block 23 capable of exchanging configuration information with the exterior of the circuit 1 and an internal management block 24 capable of supplying internal control signals necessary for operation.
- the memories 15 to 18 are arranged in the integrated circuit, the exchange of data with other circuits located outside is reduced, especially during static or not very dynamic images.
- the switch 25 is a circuit produced on a single silicon substrate and a single counter-electrode resulting from the cutting of a wafer and a counter-electrode, for example by the technique known under the name "scribe and break” , ; .which allows a simultaneous cutting of the substrate and the counter-electrode.
- the circuit 25 comprises three blocks 26, 27 and 28, each provided with two optical active zones 26a and 26b, 27a and 27b, 28a and 28b respectively.
- the circuit 26 further comprises three rows 29, 30, 31 of studs, respectively associated with each block 26, 27 and 28, and allowing the connection of the circuit with external elements, in particular other circuits.
- the counter electrode 32 has been shown in gray and covers the whole of circuit 26 with the exception of rows 29 to 31 and of areas immediately adjacent to said rows 29 to 31 to allow access thereto.
- Such an arrangement makes it possible to use a single counter-electrode plate which covers all of the two zones assets of a block by clearing a side which includes the studs. The flatness of the active areas is therefore excellent.
- the electrical pads are split on two opposite sides of the circuit, beyond the counter electrode, for example on the north and south or east and west sides.
- An additional stud arranged on one of the aforementioned sides will make it possible to choose between the rows of studs on the opposite sides. Depending on the logical value on this pad, we will determine inside the circuit the row of north or south, respectively east or west, pads that must be used.
- an integrated circuit board 47 is provided with a plurality of active zones 48, each provided with a row of upper pads 49 and a row of lower pads 50.
- a first counter electrode 51 shown in gray, covers four active zones 48 and the rows of studs arranged between said active zones.
- a second counter electrode 52 (of which only the upper half is shown) also shown in gray, also covers 4 active zones (only the two upper ones are shown in the figure) and corresponding rows of studs 49 and 50 (rows 49 do not are not shown in the figure).
- Part 53 not covered by a counter electrode, comprises two active zones 48, the two rows of corresponding pads 49, 50 as well as two rows of pads 50 corresponding to active zones covered by the counter electrode
- the active areas arranged in the area 53 cannot be used normally and only allow the distance between the counter electrodes 51 and 52 to be increased. and to have a sufficient distance to cut the wafer 47 along a line passing between the counter-electrodes 51 and 52. This makes it easier to cut the wafer 47.
- the row of studs 50 adjacent to the counter-electrode 51 but not covered, will allow access to the corresponding active areas, while the rows of studs 49 corresponding to the active areas 48 not covered by the counter-electrode 52 will allow the corresponding accesses.
- the pads 33 and 34 are pads arranged on the same side of the circuit, respectively output pad and input pad.
- the pads 35 and 36 are pads arranged on the opposite side of the circuit, respectively output and input.
- the pad 37 is a control pad placed on the same side of the circuit as the pads 33 and 34.
- the resistor 38 is mounted between the electrical ground of the circuit and the control pad 37, so that in the absence of signal on the stud 37 the voltage is zero there.
- Pin 37 is also connected to an inverter 39, the output of which is connected to the input of a second inverter 40.
- An AND logic gate 41 has an input connected to the output of the inverter 40 and an input connected to the output 42 from inside the circuit.
- the output of door 41 is connected to the pad 33.
- a door 43 has an input connected to the output of the inverter 39 and an input connected to the output 42.
- the output of the door 43 is connected to the pad 35.
- An amplifier three-state 44 includes a control input connected to the output of the inverter 40, an input connected to the pad 34 and a three-state output connected to the input 45 of the circuit.
- a three-state amplifier 46 has a control input connected to the output of the inverter 39, an input connected to the pad 36 and a three-state output connected to the input 45 of the circuit.
- the output of the inverter 39 is at 1 and the output of the inverter 40 is at zero.
- Gate 41 is inhibited and amplifier 44 is in a state known as high output impedance.
- the output of the gate 43 and therefore the pad 35 copies the value of the output 42 and the output of the amplifier 46, therefore the input 45 of the active optical zone copies the value of the pad 36. It the same goes when a value 0 is imposed on the control pad 37.
- the operation is reversed when a value 1 is imposed on the control pad 37.
- the row of pads on the side of the pads 33 and 34 should be used.
- the row of studs on the side of studs 35 and 36 must be used.
- a voltage is maintained on an electrode.
- the maximum voltage is maintained, for example a voltage N dd for durations proportional to the weight of the active bits.
- 0 is displayed.
- this can be done with a clock H of fixed period P.
- the first, least significant bit is taken into account during a cycle of the clock, the second bit during two clock cycles, the i th bit for 2 1 "1 clock cycles.
- it is advantageous to minimize consumption and reduce the influence of the linked time constants the length of the connection between the clock and the electrodes.
- the integrated circuit comprises a wobbled clock H v receiving the clock signal from, the clock H and having cycles repetitively monotonically varying from a period P of the clock H up to 2 " "1 periods P of the clock H for a system operating with n bits.
- the first curve represents the output of the wobbled clock H v for a four-bit system and the second curve represents the logical value of the data.
- the first curve represents the output of the clock H
- the second curve represents the output of the swept clock H v
- the third curve is an example of conversion of the word 1010 into an average value, ie 10 / 16 * N dd .
- the H clock can be used for grayscale sampling, which is equivalent to generating a row for the time conversion of a word with comparison of the instantaneous value reached by the ramp has a predetermined level for a pixel.
- the command is expressed either by a level change of a bit, or by a command by tilting instants, see figure 7.
- the bits are processed in a specific order, by weight weak to strong.
- this order is modified by reversing from the most significant to the least significant in order to obtain in a simple manner a so-called brewed addressing mode capable of eliminating the display artifacts.
- two neighboring pixels receive the words 1000 and 011 1.
- the modified countdown will be as follows: 0000 - 1000 - 0100 - 1100 - 0010 - 1010 - - OR I - llll and the following bits will be processed in order: x _ 4 _ 3 _ 4 _ 2 - 4 - - 3 - 4.
- the first output curve of the clock H is illustrated, the second curve representing the: rank of the bit to be considered at each clock cycle and the third curve representing the data in the case of a conversion of the word 1010 in an average value.
- Data is equal to 10/16 of the voltage N dd , which corresponds to the value of word 1010.
- the liquid crystal has a threshold voltage, therefore an unnecessary voltage range which can be eliminated in the coding of the gray levels. However, it is necessary to obtain a zero phase shift in an optical switch. The zero gray level must therefore be expected. To optimize the number of bits used, the duration of holding the first gray level can be extended compared to the other gray levels.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 show control curves respectively according to the ramp mode, the bit mode and the bit bit mode.
- a memory forming part of the integrated circuit and making it possible to successively supply the columns of pixels with an equal number of cycles.
- an active optical zone comprising L lines and C columns of pixels or elements.
- the on-board memory makes it possible to successively supply the C columns of pixels in C cycles.
- the memory output sends L words of n bits to the corresponding active zone.
- the integrated circuit comprises an n-bit memory accompanied by its display logic and arranged under each electrode.
- display logic is meant the various electronic modules providing the functions necessary for the display, such as alternating processing, resetting to 0, etc.
- the memory located under each pixel stores n bits.
- the circuit includes a selection bus traversing all the pixels and making it possible to choose a bit from n.
- the selection bus can include a number of bits equal to log 2 n bits. However, this requires the presence of a decoder under the pixels, which is complex to carry out.
- a looped shift register can be used to store the values in the pixel.
- the selection bus is replaced by a wobbled clock H v which will advance and therefore select the bits one by one.
- the clock allows H v to maintain each bit for a duration corresponding to its rank and therefore to achieve with inertia liquid crystal, a digital / analog converter of simple structure and therefore capable of being integrated under a pixel.
- FIG. 13 an embodiment of a memory with shift register integrated under a pixel is illustrated.
- An electrode 54 is placed under the liquid crystal layer 55.
- a control module 56 which, for reasons of clarity of the drawings, has been shown offset with respect to the electrode 54. However, the reader will understand that the module 56 is designed to be integrated under the electrode 54.
- the control module 56 comprises a shift register 57 receiving the clock signal H, a multiplexer 58 forming an input stage of the module 56 and one input of which receives the output of the shift register 57.
- the output of the shift register 57 is also sent to a block 59 for processing alternation and zero output which receives an ALT signal and a SN signal.
- the alternation processing corresponds to the choice of the value to display or its inverse depending on the variable ALT. If ALT is 1, the half cycle is positive and the signal is not inverted. If ALT is 0, the half cycle is negative and the signal is inverted.
- the control module 56 includes, if necessary, a block 60 mounted at the output of block 59 and carrying out the translation between the logic voltage level and the electrode voltage level 54.
- the electrode voltage must be sufficient to excite liquid crystal, for example 3.3 volts, while the logic voltage will be lower to reduce consumption in the electronic part of the VLSI, for example 1.2 volts.
- the output of the voltage translation module 60 is connected to the electrode 54.
- the electrode 54 can also be connected to the input of a translation module 61 which performs the reverse of the translation module 60 and transforms a voltage of electrode into a voltage logic and sends it to a three-state buffer 62 allowing the pixel to be read.
- the control circuit 56 illustrated in FIG. 14 differs from that illustrated in FIG. 13, in that the elements 57 and 58 are replaced by an integrated 6-bit memory 63 whose six outputs are connected to a multiplexer 64 whose output is connected to the input of block 59.
- a write bus 65 is connected to the input of a three-state buffer 66 whose output is connected to the input of block 59 and which is controlled by a signal d pixel writing from the most significant bit of memory 63.
- Block 59 comprises two multiplexers 67 and 68.
- Multiplexer 67 has its two inputs connected to the input of block 59, its control input receiving the signal ALT and its output being connected to an input of the multiplexer 68.
- the other input of the multiplexer 68 receives the signal ALT and the control input receives the signal SN.
- the output of the demultiplexer 68 forms the output of the block 59.
- a memory bit is provided under each element and indicating the current state of the electrode output. This bit is periodically modified according to the value stored in the external memory. If the dimensions of the block 59 allow it, it is also possible to integrate the block or a part of the block 59 under the electrode.
- the signal applied to the electrode can be memorized dynamically on the electrode.
- current leakage through the liquid crystal so require periodic refreshing to limit the voltage loss.
- a storage means is provided in an integrated manner under the electrode.
- the storage can advantageously be carried out dynamically, as illustrated in FIG. 16.
- an inverter 69 capable of supplying said electrode 54 the necessary leakage current depending on the nature of the liquid crystal, storage being ensured upstream of the inverter 69 by a capacitor 70 which has been shown in broken lines, since it is advantageously formed by the parasitic input capacitor natural of the inverter 69. This thus provides an extremely economical and compact means of memorizing and maintaining.
- a static type storage can be provided with a flip-flop.
- FIG. 17 illustrates the structure of a memory which has a different number of bits in writing and in reading.
- connection wires which cross the matrix instead of sending n bits in parallel, they can be multiplexed in time on a single wire or connection, see figure 18.
- FIG. 19 the operating curves are illustrated according to an instantaneous command for switching to ramp mode with the occurrence of an error and its limitation as explained above.
- FIG. 20 the structure of an electrode control 54 is illustrated, comprising a flip-flop 74 for the output connected to electrode 54 and the input of which is connected to the output of an AND gate 75 receiving in input the signal of instant of changeover on the one hand, and the write signal of columns on the other hand.
- the flip-flop 74 is equipped with two inputs called “set” and “reset” receiving the signals described above "set matrix” and “reset matrix", respectively.
- an electrode receives the data in the form of an indicator of the switching time with in addition global resets to 1 or to 0 on the matrix at the start of each alternation to correct a possible point error on an electrode.
- the invention we manage to push back the limitations due to the maximum size of a reticle allowing the manufacture of an integrated circuit, we reduce the consumption of the circuit, we reduce the data exchanges between an integrated circuit and other external elements, the architecture of the electrode and of the control means, advantageously integrated below, are improved, and the problems of clock distribution are solved on a large integrated circuit thanks to the wobbled clock.
- the invention applies to optical switches between two sets of optical supports in the field of VLSI circuits.
- LCOS telecommunications and also applies in the field of micro-displays, in particular in micro-displays with memories integrated in the same circuit. We thus benefit from an economical and easy manufacturing circuit ensuring image retention in the absence of external orders.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR01/11268 | 2001-08-30 | ||
| FR0111268A FR2829245B1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 | 2001-08-30 | Circuit pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique et procede de fabrication d'un tel circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003019281A1 true WO2003019281A1 (fr) | 2003-03-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2002/002908 Ceased WO2003019281A1 (fr) | 2001-08-30 | 2002-08-20 | Circuit pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique et procede de fabrication d'un tel circuit |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2829245B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003019281A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| EP0856767A2 (fr) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-05 | SHARP Corporation | Modulateur spatial de lumière par diffraction |
| GB2330423A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-21 | Gec Marconi Avionics Holdings | Processing a liquid crystal display |
| US5943159A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1999-08-24 | Zhu; Tom Yuxin | Method and apparatus for optical beam steering |
| US5963289A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-10-05 | S Vision | Asymmetrical scribe and separation method of manufacturing liquid crystal devices on silicon wafers |
| FR2788863A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-07-28 | France Telecom | Support pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique |
| US6229583B1 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2001-05-08 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for driving the same |
| WO2001090823A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-22 | 2001-11-29 | Intelligent Pixels, Inc. | Composant electro-optique possedant un etat de phase reconfigurable |
-
2001
- 2001-08-30 FR FR0111268A patent/FR2829245B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-20 WO PCT/FR2002/002908 patent/WO2003019281A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2268850A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1994-01-19 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Network system |
| US6229583B1 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2001-05-08 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for driving the same |
| US5943159A (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 1999-08-24 | Zhu; Tom Yuxin | Method and apparatus for optical beam steering |
| EP0856767A2 (fr) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-05 | SHARP Corporation | Modulateur spatial de lumière par diffraction |
| GB2330423A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-21 | Gec Marconi Avionics Holdings | Processing a liquid crystal display |
| US5963289A (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-10-05 | S Vision | Asymmetrical scribe and separation method of manufacturing liquid crystal devices on silicon wafers |
| FR2788863A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-07-28 | France Telecom | Support pour dispositif d'aiguillage optique |
| WO2001090823A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-22 | 2001-11-29 | Intelligent Pixels, Inc. | Composant electro-optique possedant un etat de phase reconfigurable |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYME: "MD832G9 Preliminary Specifications", MICRODISPLAY, 12 March 2001 (2001-03-12), XP002201433, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.microdisplay.com/products/md832g9_data.pdf> [retrieved on 20020605] * |
| WOLFFER N ET AL: "Holographic switching between single mode fibres based on electrically addressed nematic liquid crystal gratings with high deflection accuracy", OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, NORTH-HOLLAND PUBLISHING CO. AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 160, no. 1-3, 1 February 1999 (1999-02-01), pages 42 - 46, XP004155717, ISSN: 0030-4018 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2829245B1 (fr) | 2003-12-12 |
| FR2829245A1 (fr) | 2003-03-07 |
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