WO2003017721A2 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents

Electrical heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003017721A2
WO2003017721A2 PCT/IL2002/000671 IL0200671W WO03017721A2 WO 2003017721 A2 WO2003017721 A2 WO 2003017721A2 IL 0200671 W IL0200671 W IL 0200671W WO 03017721 A2 WO03017721 A2 WO 03017721A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
ribbon
heating device
insert
electrical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2002/000671
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003017721A3 (en
Inventor
Irina Loktev
Igor Papirov
Original Assignee
Irina Loktev
Igor Papirov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Irina Loktev, Igor Papirov filed Critical Irina Loktev
Priority to AU2002324319A priority Critical patent/AU2002324319A1/en
Publication of WO2003017721A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003017721A2/en
Publication of WO2003017721A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003017721A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the area of electric heating elements, intended for radiant heating of premises, for heating of building structures (floors, walls etc.) and outdoor installation.
  • This is a heating element with large surface and relatively low temperature, which may be used in different domestic, industrial or agricultural installations.
  • US Patent 5,624,750 proposes a low temperature heating element, etched from metal alloy and embedded or sandwiched between two layers of thermoplastic adhesive, which encapsulate the heating element. Patent proposes also the original method of object assembly. US Patent 4,797,537 and European patent 0175662 Al also propose foil heating elements made by etching or punching technologies.
  • Heating devices with heating material introduced to a plastics shell, are very sensitive to overheat. This problem is redoubled on account of relatively low thermo-conductivity, that induces local overheats of plastic shell and its premature destruction.
  • the present invention aims to obtain an universal heating element with unlimited dimensions for incorporation to any flexible and rigid plastics shells, ability to utilize many materials with low heat tolerances as vehicles for many applications, with the added benefit of an increased life-span and the highest reliability.
  • An electric heating device in accordance with the present invention comprises a plastics or natural or synthetic rubber shell with large area, a flexible electric heating element, including a thin flat heating resistive ribbon with high specific electrical impedance, disposed inside of said plastics shell.
  • the heating ribbon is made of a thin foil (from 10 to 40 microns) with increased plasticity and mechanical strength.
  • the first factor is life span and reliability of such devices.
  • the second factor is suitable heating material.
  • the third factor is universality of the heating element, which makes the utilization of the heating element easy to install in any vehicle during the production process of such vehicles.
  • the most dangerous places from overheat standpoint are places contacting with the heating ribbon. Relation between these ribbon temperature and average temperature of the plastics shell depends on specific power of the heater, temperature conditions and a configuration of the heating ribbon: a total area of the heating ribbon and relation of this area and the area of the plastics shell.
  • the present invention proposes to create the heating device on base of special relationships. These relationships allow to define the minimum limit of the total area of the heating ribbon Aribbon, as the following function of power of the heater, its geometry, coefficients of heat transfer and temperature conditions.
  • a ⁇ bbon - a total area of the heating ribbon in heating device, sq.m
  • This equation takes into account the properties of the materials, used as a vehicle, including the insulation on the underside of the heaters. It determines precisely how the foil should be distributed on the vehicle.
  • Length L ribbon and width W ribbon of the heating ribbon is defined in correlation of the total area of the ribbon A ribbon and parameters of ribbon foil.
  • W ribbon A ribbon / L ribbon (6)
  • the equations (5-6) allow to set foil layout for controlling the temperature field, i.e. the foil temperature, average temperature on the vehicle and temperature on the vehicle between the foil ribbons. This allows to achieve very uniform distribution of the overall temperature throughout the entire vehicle.
  • the heating ribbon of insert may be bend and arranged by meandered pattern. This is very important in most applications.
  • the present invention proposes a composition of alloy for resistive ribbons, which provides simultaneously sufficient plasticity, strength and high specific electric impedance.
  • Such alloy or group of alloys has the following component elements with the relative weights listed in percentage of total weight:
  • the alloy is characterized by a plasticity permitting cold rolling into a foil within 50 - 20 and less microns. For increasing of alloy plasticity zirconium may be added (to 0.01 %).
  • the foil is cut to ribbons. These ribbons, due to high plasticity, may be bending back on itself. This property gives possibility to cover large area by one ribbon without intermediate connections and so considerably increases heaters reliability.
  • Flexible ribbon with high electrical resistance made of crystalline metal with thickness 15 -
  • 50 microns, for example, made of above mentioned alloy, may be coated by electric enamel.
  • enameled strip is formed.
  • the third main aim of this invention is to obtain an universal heating element for incorporation in any plastics or rubber shells.
  • the ribbon needs to be lain on any basic material depending on specific application, size of vehicle, desired temperature.
  • the heating ribbon is set in insert, which is construction part, used both as a heater and as a reinforcing material.
  • the insert contains the basic material, which is reinforcing material for plastics product and may be impregnated by molten polymer mass during the process of incorporation of the insert in the plastics shell. Synthetic or fiberglass net or fiberglass mat may be selected as the basic material.
  • This insert may be supplied to the manufacturer of the finished product (entire heating device, including plastics shell) to be inserted during their own production process.
  • the present invention proposes also some very specific technologies to attach the heating foil to the insert basic material, to join of insert layers, no preventing to impregnation of insert basic materials during the process of insert incorporation into the plastics shell.
  • layers of the insert and heating ribbon are jointed together by parts of glued double-sided strips, which cross the heating ribbon.
  • Maximum range of discretion is reached by the correlation: an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of the glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
  • the present invention proposes also the following design: layers of said insert and the heating ribbon are jointed together by spots of a glue, which belongs to a group of cyan-acrylate glues and which is polymerized due to pressing. In this case area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, also in three and more times.
  • thermoplastic strips preferably from PN.C
  • PN.C thermoplastic strips
  • These strips are melted and crowded to some places on the heating ribbon and on the insert layers in joining process. Melting temperature of this thermoplastic material is lower than melting temperature of insert basic material. Area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
  • the insert is made as harder structure.
  • layers of the insert and the heating ribbon are jointed together and sealed by polymer
  • the temperature of adhesive polymerization is lower than melting temperature of the insert basic material.
  • the insert consists of one layer of the basic material and the heating ribbon.
  • the heating ribbon is jointed with said basic material by one of said means: by parts of glued double sided strips, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by spots of a cyan-acrylate glue, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by thermoplastic strips
  • the area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
  • the heating ribbon may be located also directly on flexible thermoplastic sheet, forming the plastics shell.
  • the heating ribbon is jointed with the sheet by heating of some points along the said ribbon to a temperature of melting of this sheet and simultaneously by pressing of these places.
  • Area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said heated places in three and more times.
  • the insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the production process of manufacturer of the entire heating device.
  • insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the calendering process or laminating process, joining the thermoplastic sheets. This process is usually applied in the manufacturing of flexible
  • PN.C. sheets for floors Incorporating of the heating insert into rubber shell is made during vulcanization process, including pressing.
  • the insert comprises the heating ribbon and two additional electro-conductive metal ribbons, which are located from two sides of said heating ribbon. Electro-conductive metal ribbons are used as bus-bars. A distance between the bus-bars and the heating ribbon is not less of the distance required by electrical insulation strength. Bridges connect the heating ribbon with bus-bars, forming longitudinally extending parallel resistances. Maximum length of the strip is defined by permissible volume of voltage drop on bus bars.
  • the insert incorporated in extruded plastics sheath, contains bus-bars, made as flexible metal ribbons, disposed along of said insert, and the heating ribbon.
  • the heating ribbon forms multitude of heating sections. Each of the heating sections is connected with said bus-bars in parallel.
  • the strip may be cut after each section in dependence on required electrical power and length. Minimum length of cut strip is length of one such section.
  • the present invention proposes also some available schemes of electrical connections of the heating devices in a form of heating sheets.
  • ends of the heating resistor ribbon are connected with electro-conductive bus-bars, which are made as a flexible metal ribbon and are disposed along of the plastic sheets and perpendicularly to the heating ribbon lines.
  • the bus-bars are finished by terminals, which are disposed from two sides of the heating device and form at least two pairs for connections of several heating devices one to other and with power supply.
  • the second scheme allows to improve reliability of the heating device by forming of multitude of the heating sections within one heater.
  • Each of the heating sections is connected with the bus bars in parallel, and the heating device may be cut in dependence on required electrical power.
  • other sections continue operate without unsealing of whole heating device.
  • the present invention proposes some specific applications of the heating device.
  • the heating devices can be used as different radiant heaters with large area, for example, as PN.C covering on floors. Due to the low surface temperature and especially to the even distribution, the heating devices do not excite temperature deformations and can be used under wood. Therefore the heating devices are recommended for floor heating and for heating of other building structure elements. Plywood, gypsum walls panels, ceramic tiles and others are used as a rigid base.
  • the plastics shell is tightly mechanically joined with one side of the rigid base, and together they form a heating structure, such as heating wood floor or heating wall or heating ceiling. Gluing or mechanical connections are available for joining of the plastics shell and the rigid base. Pairs of terminals from two sides of the heating device can electrically connect the heating devices each with others.
  • Protection from nails, screws etc. may be realized by marking of external side of the rigid base, indicating the disposition of the heating device behind.
  • Other method to prevent using of different fastener goods in heater zone is to make preliminarily openings for nails on the rigid base.
  • Third method is using both of the marking and of plastics nails. If a nail hits on space between the heating ribbons, due to proposed design of heating device the heating device does not lose its water-proofhess and continues operation. If a nail get to any heating ribbon, the ribbon can fall (and can do not fall) and one of heating sections does not operate. But the whole heating device, due to proposed design of heating device, also does not lose its water- proofness and continues operation. Electrical potential can not hit on external surface of the floor through plastics nail, and further operation is not dangerous.
  • the plastics shell may be tightly glued with one side of a flexible base, and together they form a heating device, such as heating carpet or pad.
  • the described heating device may be used also for heating of different structures, made from resins.
  • the insert is disposed between layers of resin, for example, polyester or epoxy, and the insert serves simultaneously as reinforced material. All layers are polymerized, forming different heating flat or three-dimensioned structures, for example, chemical tanks, made from fiberglass reinforced thermoset plastics.
  • the insert are disposed between layers of glass reinforced resin, such as polyester or epoxy.
  • the insert is here simultaneously one of reinforced plastics material, and all layers are polymerized simultaneously, forming the heated tank. Using of the heating insert built in chemical tank creates the safe heating structure, providing ability of operation, storage and transportation of different liquid dangerous or aggressive materials.
  • the described heating device is a waterproof strip, which can be used as snow melt devices, heated roof gutters, etc.
  • the strip contains plastics sheath and the heating ribbon.
  • plastics sheath may be made of shrinkable sleeve or extruded
  • the heating ribbon may be enameled or not.
  • the strip may contain also two extruded sheaths.
  • extruded heating strip which contains additional metal ribbon.
  • This additional ribbon is made of high conductive metal and serves as a bus bar. It is possible also to make the additional ribbon as the second heating ribbon.
  • the strip has connector on one end.
  • the heating strip For heating of area the heating strip is arranged as a mat. For bending of the strip, made of thermoplastic material, places of bending is heated and pressed.
  • an extruded strip which comprises the heating ribbon, two additional ductile wires incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process and located from two sides of said heating ribbon.
  • the additional ductile wires "keep in mind” a shape of bended strip and provide easy bending of the strip in the heating mat.
  • the additional wires may be used as a bus-bar, and the heating mat has connector on one end.
  • For mechanical fastening of the mat it is preferably to use narrow plates as a ruler with pins for the strip lines fastening. For mechanical fastening it is possible to use also net.
  • the present invention proposes also other type of a heating strip, wherein the heating ribbon is coated by a layer of thermo-conductive liquid silicon rubber mass.
  • the heating ribbon may be enameled.
  • the present invention provides technical solutions, which are innovative and capable of meeting the requirements for their application.
  • the technical solutions are fit for industrial production, and as formulated in the present patent application, constitute a coherent invention.
  • Fig. 1 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by glued strips in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by spots of a cyan-acrylate glue, disposed on said heating ribbon, in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by thermoplastic strips
  • Fig. 4 is schematic top plan view of the layer of the flexible thermoplastic sheet, forming the plastics shell and used as the insert basic material;
  • Fig. 5 is schematic top plan view of an extruded heating strip for long distance
  • Fig. 6 is schematic top plan view of an extruded heating strip with heating sections
  • Fig. 7 is scheme of floor heater with multitude of heating sections within one heater with one row of the heating sections;
  • Fig. 8 is scheme of floor heater with multitude of heating sections within one heater with some rows of the heating sections;
  • Fig. 9 is schematic top plan view of a heated wood floor structure;
  • Fig. 10 is schematic perspective view of a heated chemical bath with an insert, mounted into a bath;
  • Fig. 11 is schematic perspective view of an extruded strip with additional wires
  • Fig. 12 is schematic top plan view of a heating mat
  • Fig. 13 is schematic top plan of a heating strip with silicon rubber shell.
  • Fig.l illustrates a heating insert with layers joining by glued double side strips.
  • the heating ribbon 1 connected with bus-bars 2, is disposed on the insert basic material 3.
  • Fiberglass or synthetic net or mat may be used as basic material.
  • Gluing strips 4 must no influence on whole heating device and do not create additional problems of impregnation by molten polymer in the manufacturing process. Therefore it is important to limit contents of gluing materials and to keep correlation: an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of the glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times. As it is shown on Fig.l, the glued strips are divided on small parts, which are disposed separately.
  • Fig.2 illustrates a heating insert with layers joining by spots of glue 5, which belongs to a group of cyan-acrylate glues. For quick polymerization it is enough to press a glued place. Using of this glue facilitates design of machine for ribbon arranging and insert joining. In this case area of the heating ribbon also must be larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
  • Fig. 3 shows a heating insert, in which thermoplastic strips 6 (preferably from PN.C) are used for insert layers and heating ribbon joining. Thermoplastic strips 6 are melted and crowded to some places 7 on the heating ribbon and on the insert layers 3 in joining process. If the heating device has plastics shell made from thermoplastic material, for example, from PN.C. sheets, one of these sheets may be used as the insert basic material. In some cases the heating devices have no necessity of additional reinforced materials. Then the heating ribbon is joined directly with the basic material (Fig. 4). This joining is made by heating and simultaneously pressing of some points 9 along the ribbon 1 to a temperature of melting of the thermoplastic basic material 8. Laying of the heating ribbon on insert or any basic material is considerably simplified, if this laying is realized on magnet tables. In this case number of gluing and fastening places considerably decreases.
  • thermoplastic strips 6 preferably from PN.C
  • the insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the production process of manufacturer, in particularity, during continuous calendering process or continuous laminating process, which is usually applied in the manufacturing of flexible PN.C sheets for floors.
  • continuous laminating process the insert is disposed between layers of thermoplastic hot sheets and pressed by hot rolls.
  • the heating insert may be also incorporated inside plastics sheath during continuous extrusion process.
  • continuous heating strip may be obtained.
  • This strip can solve a problem of long heating lines with length up to 5 km.
  • Fig. 5 shows long extruded strip, which comprises extruded sheath 10, and heating insert.
  • the heating insert consists of net 11, two additional electro-conductive metal ribbons 12 and a heating ribbon 13.
  • Electro-conductive metal ribbons 12 are used as bus-bars. All ribbons are incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously during the same extrusion process. Special tooling in extruder head contains separate slots for each ribbon, and the ribbons are spaced out.
  • the bus-bars 12 are located from two sides of said heating ribbon 13.
  • Bridges 14 connect the heating ribbon with bus-bars, forming longitudinally extending parallel resistances in a heating strip for long distance.
  • Fig. 6 shows a strip, which is intended for relatively short distances.
  • the strip contains an extruded sheath 10 and a heating insert, made on a base of net 11.
  • the bus-bars are disposed along of the insert.
  • the heating ribbon is arranged such, that it forms parallel heating sections. Each of them is connected to bus-bars 12 by bridges 14.
  • Obtained continuous flexible heating strip may be cut after each section in dependence on required electrical power and length. In the same way an electrical heating device in a form of flexible sheet may be built. Such heater is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the heating insert lies between flexible plastics or rubber or silicon sheets 20 (upper sheet is conditionally absent).
  • the insert comprises the heating ribbon 21, disposed between layers of net 22.
  • the heating ribbon is laid on multitude sections 23, and each of these sections is independent heater, connecting with bus-bars 24 in points 25.
  • a manufacturer produces continuous roll, which after that is cut between sections 23 in accordance with required power and area.
  • Such heating device has terminals 26 from two sides.
  • the ready heater contains some these sections.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates the heating device, which contains two rows of sections 23 and each row have two pairs of connectors 26.
  • Fig.9 illustrates heated wood floor structure, consisting of plywood 30 and the heating device 31, glued to the plywood from lower side.
  • This plywood together with the heating device is fastened to the joists 32 by nails 33.
  • space for nails is marked on upper side of the plywood, hi other option the plywood and the heating device contain openings for nails, prepared beforehand.
  • the heating device consists of heating sections 34. Pairs 35 of terminals from two sides of the heating device can electrically connect the heating devices each with others or with power supply.
  • Fig. 10 shows a heating chemical tank 40 made from fiberglass reinforced thermoset plastics.
  • the insert 41 is disposed between layers 42 of glass reinforced resin plastics, such as polyester or epoxy resins.
  • the electrical terminals 43 are connected with power supply. Layer of thermo- insulation may be disposed around the tank.
  • the invention describes some types of strips, made on base of the heating ribbon: the heating ribbon, incorporated in a shrinkable sleeve or in extruded sheath; the enameled heating ribbon, also incorporated in a shrinkable sleeve or in extruded sheath; the heating ribbon, incorporated in double extruded sheaths.
  • One of preferred designs is strip with two ribbons, which are extruded simultaneously. One of them is the heating ribbon.
  • the second ribbon may be also the heating ribbon or metal ribbon with high electro conductivity, which is used as a bus-bar. This strip type provides connection to power supply from one end of the strip. Fig.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates other type of a heating strip, which comprises an extruded plastics sheath 50, the heating ribbon 51 and two additional metal wires 52, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath 50 simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process.
  • the additional wires can perform two functions. The first, the wires is made from ductile material and provides easy bending of the strip in a shape of a heating mat. The second, the wires may be used as bus-bars.
  • a heating mat is shown in Fig. 12.
  • the mat consists of the heating strip, which is bended in a shape of a heating mat. If the mat is made of a strip without ductile additional wires, the bending is realized by heating and pressing of the strip in bending places. If the mat is made of a strip with ductile additional wires, bending process need not heating and pressing. All strip lines are jointed in the mat by narrow plates as a ruler 53 with pins 54 for said strip lines fastening. Ends of the strip contain connectors 55 for connection with electrical cable.
  • Fig. 13 shows heating strips, which are coated by layer of thermo-conductive liquid silicon rubber mass 60.
  • Heating ribbon 61 contains connectors to power supply 62 on two ends or on one end.
  • the heating ribbon may be coated by electric enamel.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

An electric heating device includes a flexible resistor ribbon (1) made of an alloy with high specific impedance, disposed in a fiberglass or plastic net (3) which forms an insert. The heating device is adapted to be incorporated in a variety of plastic shells, and may take the form of sheets and strips.

Description

ELECTRICAL HEATING DEVICE
The present invention generally relates to the area of electric heating elements, intended for radiant heating of premises, for heating of building structures (floors, walls etc.) and outdoor installation. This is a heating element with large surface and relatively low temperature, which may be used in different domestic, industrial or agricultural installations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Previously known heating device, based on metal foil heating element, is disclosed in US Patent 4,659,906. The described heater is intended for infrared radiation and operates at the temperature range 800 - 1000°C, which determines choice of special materials for the heater substrate. Thus, this heater relates to other class of heaters. Its heating element is made by etching and therefore it has limited small dimensions. At beginning of technology process of making of this heating device the metal foil heating element is disposed on a mesh. This mesh is used here as a technological auxiliary means. During the technology process the mesh vaporizes. "The purpose of the mesh is to support the primary emitter... during processing and to create a small void... to allow unrestricted thermal expansion... ". US Patent 5,624,750 proposes a low temperature heating element, etched from metal alloy and embedded or sandwiched between two layers of thermoplastic adhesive, which encapsulate the heating element. Patent proposes also the original method of object assembly. US Patent 4,797,537 and European patent 0175662 Al also propose foil heating elements made by etching or punching technologies.
All elements made by above-mentioned technologies, have limited sizes and small surface area.
A group of patents have been issued for methods of strengthening existing heating elements (US Patent 4,025,893), of reinforcing them (US Patent 4,363,947) and of application of the heating element for floor mounting (US 4,650,960) regardless of the technology used. The patent 4,025,893 proposes a technology for connection of each of heating strips by soldering. The problem, however, is that the use of a foil of lead-tin antimony alloy, having a melting point of 180°C, is proposed for the method in question. Lead, in addition to being an environmental pollutant, is very expensive. In the patent 4,363,947 it is proposed to reinforce the heater in nailing zone in order to render the heater less sensitive to tearing. But in the later patent 4,650,960 it is proposed to install the heating element on distance from floorboards.
All of the above described heating devices have a limited scope of practical application and a limited size and shape. In addition, the prior art heating devices are too complicated to make and require rare and expensive materials. Another problem is their limited lifespan.
Heating devices with heating material, introduced to a plastics shell, are very sensitive to overheat. This problem is redoubled on account of relatively low thermo-conductivity, that induces local overheats of plastic shell and its premature destruction.
The present invention, therefore, aims to obtain an universal heating element with unlimited dimensions for incorporation to any flexible and rigid plastics shells, ability to utilize many materials with low heat tolerances as vehicles for many applications, with the added benefit of an increased life-span and the highest reliability.
All these goals can be attained using the proposed new electric heating element, intended for incorporation in different flexible and rigid plastics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An electric heating device in accordance with the present invention comprises a plastics or natural or synthetic rubber shell with large area, a flexible electric heating element, including a thin flat heating resistive ribbon with high specific electrical impedance, disposed inside of said plastics shell. The heating ribbon is made of a thin foil (from 10 to 40 microns) with increased plasticity and mechanical strength.
Three main factors determine the possibility of broad prevalence of heating devices. The first factor is life span and reliability of such devices. The second factor is suitable heating material. The third factor is universality of the heating element, which makes the utilization of the heating element easy to install in any vehicle during the production process of such vehicles.
The major factor, defining life span and reliability of such heating devices, is temperature rate of a plastics shell. The most dangerous places from overheat standpoint are places contacting with the heating ribbon. Relation between these ribbon temperature and average temperature of the plastics shell depends on specific power of the heater, temperature conditions and a configuration of the heating ribbon: a total area of the heating ribbon and relation of this area and the area of the plastics shell.
In order to avoid overheat of described contacting zones the present invention proposes to create the heating device on base of special relationships. These relationships allow to define the minimum limit of the total area of the heating ribbon Aribbon, as the following function of power of the heater, its geometry, coefficients of heat transfer and temperature conditions.
A ribbon > P / {[(kl+k2) * t ribbon max / k saf] - (kl *tl + k2*t2)}, (1)
Where:
A πbbon - a total area of the heating ribbon in heating device, sq.m,
P - electrical power of the heating element, W, tl, t2 - temperature of environment from two sides of the heating device, degrees C k saf - safety factor, t ribbon ma - a temperature of the heating ribbon, which is maximum admissible for a used plastic shell, degrees C kl, k2 - coefficients of heat transfer from two sides of the heating element,
W / sq.m*degree C.
Coefficient kl is defined by equation: ml kl = 1/ [(A ribbon /A plastic) * (l/(αl+α2) + Σ δi/λi ) + δ/λ] (2) i=l
If the heating devices are designed for radiant heating and disposed in air from two sides, coefficient k2 is defined by equation (3): m2 k2 = 1/ [(A ribbon /A Piastic)*(l/(α 3+α 4)+ Σ δj/λj)+ δ/λ] (3)
Figure imgf000004_0001
If the heating device is jointed with any building structure (for example, lies on a floor, or lies between layers of floor, or it is fastened to a wall, ceiling), and heat transfer by convection and heat radiation from one side of said devices is absent, coefficient k2 is defined by equation (4): m2 k2 = 1/ [(A ribbon /A plastic)*( Σ δj/λj)+ δ/λ] (4) j=l A plastic - a total area of a plastic shell in a heating device, sq.m, αl, α3 - coefficients of heat transfer by convection from two sides of a heating device, W / (sq.m*degree C), α2, α4 - coefficients of heat transfer by heat radiation from two sides of a heating device, W / (sq.m*degree C), λ - coefficient of heat conductivity of plastic material in said plastic shell,
W / (m *degree C), δ - thickness of said plastic shell from each side of the heating ribbon, i, j - number of different layers (including thermo- insulation) in said plastic shell, ml, m2 - quantity of different layers (including thermo- insulation) in said plastic shell.
This equation takes into account the properties of the materials, used as a vehicle, including the insulation on the underside of the heaters. It determines precisely how the foil should be distributed on the vehicle.
Choosing the heating foil total area in accordance with the equation (1), we can pre-set both the average temperature of the vehicle and the temperature of the foil within the plastics shell for given exterior temperatures. We also set a safety range, where it is assured that the foil never exceed a given temperature regardless of exterior temperature or thermostat setting and/or voltage surges. This is a very important safety factor, especially when using materials as a vehicle, which may have very low temperature tolerances (melting, temperature deformations).
Length L ribbon and width W ribbon of the heating ribbon is defined in correlation of the total area of the ribbon A ribbon and parameters of ribbon foil.
L ribbon = \ R ribbon* δ ribbon* A ribbon /p ribbon (5)
W ribbon = A ribbon / L ribbon (6),
Where:
R πbbon- Electrical resistance of the ribbon corresponding to power of the heater P, Ohm, δ ribbon - Thickness of the heating ribbon, m, p ribbon - Specific resistance of the heating ribbon foil, Ohm*m.
The equations (5-6) allow to set foil layout for controlling the temperature field, i.e. the foil temperature, average temperature on the vehicle and temperature on the vehicle between the foil ribbons. This allows to achieve very uniform distribution of the overall temperature throughout the entire vehicle. In this case the heating ribbon of insert may be bend and arranged by meandered pattern. This is very important in most applications.
The present invention proposes a composition of alloy for resistive ribbons, which provides simultaneously sufficient plasticity, strength and high specific electric impedance. Such alloy or group of alloys has the following component elements with the relative weights listed in percentage of total weight:
13.5 - 15.5 % chromium;
4.5 - 6.5 % aluminium
0.3 - 1.1 % silicon
0.2 - 0.6 % titanium,
0.01 - 0.12 % cerium, a balance of said alloy comprising iron.
If in this alloy the chromium content and aluminum content are related to one another by the inequality: 18.2 < X < 21.0, wherein X = %Cr + %A1. The alloy is characterized by a plasticity permitting cold rolling into a foil within 50 - 20 and less microns. For increasing of alloy plasticity zirconium may be added (to 0.01 %).
With the chromium content and the aluminum content determined by these relationships, high rigidity of the material and satisfactory plasticity are ensured.
For using for heaters the foil is cut to ribbons. These ribbons, due to high plasticity, may be bending back on itself. This property gives possibility to cover large area by one ribbon without intermediate connections and so considerably increases heaters reliability.
Flexible ribbon with high electrical resistance, made of crystalline metal with thickness 15 -
50 microns, for example, made of above mentioned alloy, may be coated by electric enamel.
In this case, by analogy with enameled wires, enameled strip is formed.
The third main aim of this invention is to obtain an universal heating element for incorporation in any plastics or rubber shells. The ribbon needs to be lain on any basic material depending on specific application, size of vehicle, desired temperature. In accordance with the present invention, the heating ribbon is set in insert, which is construction part, used both as a heater and as a reinforcing material. The insert contains the basic material, which is reinforcing material for plastics product and may be impregnated by molten polymer mass during the process of incorporation of the insert in the plastics shell. Synthetic or fiberglass net or fiberglass mat may be selected as the basic material.
This insert may be supplied to the manufacturer of the finished product (entire heating device, including plastics shell) to be inserted during their own production process.
The present invention proposes also some very specific technologies to attach the heating foil to the insert basic material, to join of insert layers, no preventing to impregnation of insert basic materials during the process of insert incorporation into the plastics shell.
In accordance with this invention layers of the insert and heating ribbon are jointed together by parts of glued double-sided strips, which cross the heating ribbon. Maximum range of discretion is reached by the correlation: an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of the glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
The present invention proposes also the following design: layers of said insert and the heating ribbon are jointed together by spots of a glue, which belongs to a group of cyan-acrylate glues and which is polymerized due to pressing. In this case area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, also in three and more times.
In another alternative specific configuration of the heating device layers of said insert and the heating ribbon are jointed together by thermoplastic strips (preferably from PN.C), crossing the heating ribbon. These strips are melted and crowded to some places on the heating ribbon and on the insert layers in joining process. Melting temperature of this thermoplastic material is lower than melting temperature of insert basic material. Area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
In yet another alternative specific configuration the insert is made as harder structure. In this case layers of the insert and the heating ribbon are jointed together and sealed by polymer
(preferably from liquid PN.C), which adheres to insert basic material and does not adhere to the heating ribbon. The temperature of adhesive polymerization is lower than melting temperature of the insert basic material.
In cases of heating devices with thin flexible shell, the insert consists of one layer of the basic material and the heating ribbon. The heating ribbon is jointed with said basic material by one of said means: by parts of glued double sided strips, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by spots of a cyan-acrylate glue, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by thermoplastic strips
(preferably from PN.C). In this case also the area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
The heating ribbon may be located also directly on flexible thermoplastic sheet, forming the plastics shell. In this case the heating ribbon is jointed with the sheet by heating of some points along the said ribbon to a temperature of melting of this sheet and simultaneously by pressing of these places. Area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said heated places in three and more times.
In accordance with the present invention, the insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the production process of manufacturer of the entire heating device. In particularity, insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the calendering process or laminating process, joining the thermoplastic sheets. This process is usually applied in the manufacturing of flexible
PN.C. sheets for floors. Incorporating of the heating insert into rubber shell is made during vulcanization process, including pressing.
Incorporation of the heating insert into plastics sheaths during extrusion process opens new directions in heating techniques.
This technology allows to obtain strips for very long distances up to 3 - 5 km. In this case the insert comprises the heating ribbon and two additional electro-conductive metal ribbons, which are located from two sides of said heating ribbon. Electro-conductive metal ribbons are used as bus-bars. A distance between the bus-bars and the heating ribbon is not less of the distance required by electrical insulation strength. Bridges connect the heating ribbon with bus-bars, forming longitudinally extending parallel resistances. Maximum length of the strip is defined by permissible volume of voltage drop on bus bars.
This technology allows also to obtain the heating strip, which may be cut through minimum length. In this case the insert, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath, contains bus-bars, made as flexible metal ribbons, disposed along of said insert, and the heating ribbon. The heating ribbon forms multitude of heating sections. Each of the heating sections is connected with said bus-bars in parallel. The strip may be cut after each section in dependence on required electrical power and length. Minimum length of cut strip is length of one such section. The present invention proposes also some available schemes of electrical connections of the heating devices in a form of heating sheets. In one of these schemes ends of the heating resistor ribbon are connected with electro-conductive bus-bars, which are made as a flexible metal ribbon and are disposed along of the plastic sheets and perpendicularly to the heating ribbon lines. The bus-bars are finished by terminals, which are disposed from two sides of the heating device and form at least two pairs for connections of several heating devices one to other and with power supply.
The second scheme allows to improve reliability of the heating device by forming of multitude of the heating sections within one heater. Each of the heating sections is connected with the bus bars in parallel, and the heating device may be cut in dependence on required electrical power. In the case of destruction of one of the sections (for example, as a result of mechanical damage from nails, screw etc.), other sections continue operate without unsealing of whole heating device.
The present invention proposes some specific applications of the heating device. The heating devices can be used as different radiant heaters with large area, for example, as PN.C covering on floors. Due to the low surface temperature and especially to the even distribution, the heating devices do not excite temperature deformations and can be used under wood. Therefore the heating devices are recommended for floor heating and for heating of other building structure elements. Plywood, gypsum walls panels, ceramic tiles and others are used as a rigid base.
In this case the plastics shell is tightly mechanically joined with one side of the rigid base, and together they form a heating structure, such as heating wood floor or heating wall or heating ceiling. Gluing or mechanical connections are available for joining of the plastics shell and the rigid base. Pairs of terminals from two sides of the heating device can electrically connect the heating devices each with others.
Protection from nails, screws etc. may be realized by marking of external side of the rigid base, indicating the disposition of the heating device behind. Other method to prevent using of different fastener goods in heater zone is to make preliminarily openings for nails on the rigid base. Third method is using both of the marking and of plastics nails. If a nail hits on space between the heating ribbons, due to proposed design of heating device the heating device does not lose its water-proofhess and continues operation. If a nail get to any heating ribbon, the ribbon can fall (and can do not fall) and one of heating sections does not operate. But the whole heating device, due to proposed design of heating device, also does not lose its water- proofness and continues operation. Electrical potential can not hit on external surface of the floor through plastics nail, and further operation is not dangerous.
The plastics shell may be tightly glued with one side of a flexible base, and together they form a heating device, such as heating carpet or pad.
The described heating device may be used also for heating of different structures, made from resins. In this case the insert is disposed between layers of resin, for example, polyester or epoxy, and the insert serves simultaneously as reinforced material. All layers are polymerized, forming different heating flat or three-dimensioned structures, for example, chemical tanks, made from fiberglass reinforced thermoset plastics. In this case the insert are disposed between layers of glass reinforced resin, such as polyester or epoxy. The insert is here simultaneously one of reinforced plastics material, and all layers are polymerized simultaneously, forming the heated tank. Using of the heating insert built in chemical tank creates the safe heating structure, providing ability of operation, storage and transportation of different liquid dangerous or aggressive materials.
Other application of the described heating device is a waterproof strip, which can be used as snow melt devices, heated roof gutters, etc. The strip contains plastics sheath and the heating ribbon. There are some options of strips structures: plastics sheath may be made of shrinkable sleeve or extruded, the heating ribbon may be enameled or not. The strip may contain also two extruded sheaths.
One of preferred variant is the extruded heating strip, which contains additional metal ribbon. This additional ribbon is made of high conductive metal and serves as a bus bar. It is possible also to make the additional ribbon as the second heating ribbon. In this variant the strip has connector on one end.
For heating of area the heating strip is arranged as a mat. For bending of the strip, made of thermoplastic material, places of bending is heated and pressed. In the invention it is described also other design of an extruded strip, which comprises the heating ribbon, two additional ductile wires incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process and located from two sides of said heating ribbon. The additional ductile wires "keep in mind" a shape of bended strip and provide easy bending of the strip in the heating mat. Simultaneously, the additional wires may be used as a bus-bar, and the heating mat has connector on one end. For mechanical fastening of the mat it is preferably to use narrow plates as a ruler with pins for the strip lines fastening. For mechanical fastening it is possible to use also net.
The present invention proposes also other type of a heating strip, wherein the heating ribbon is coated by a layer of thermo-conductive liquid silicon rubber mass. The heating ribbon may be enameled.
The present invention provides technical solutions, which are innovative and capable of meeting the requirements for their application. The technical solutions are fit for industrial production, and as formulated in the present patent application, constitute a coherent invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by glued strips in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by spots of a cyan-acrylate glue, disposed on said heating ribbon, in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 3 is schematic top plan view of an insert with layers joining by thermoplastic strips
(preferably from PN.C) with the present invention;
Fig. 4 is schematic top plan view of the layer of the flexible thermoplastic sheet, forming the plastics shell and used as the insert basic material;
Fig. 5 is schematic top plan view of an extruded heating strip for long distance;
Fig. 6 is schematic top plan view of an extruded heating strip with heating sections
Fig. 7 is scheme of floor heater with multitude of heating sections within one heater with one row of the heating sections;
Fig. 8 is scheme of floor heater with multitude of heating sections within one heater with some rows of the heating sections; Fig. 9 is schematic top plan view of a heated wood floor structure;
Fig. 10 is schematic perspective view of a heated chemical bath with an insert, mounted into a bath;
Fig. 11 is schematic perspective view of an extruded strip with additional wires;
Fig. 12 is schematic top plan view of a heating mat;
Fig. 13 is schematic top plan of a heating strip with silicon rubber shell.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Fig.l illustrates a heating insert with layers joining by glued double side strips. The heating ribbon 1, connected with bus-bars 2, is disposed on the insert basic material 3. Fiberglass or synthetic net or mat may be used as basic material. Gluing strips 4 must no influence on whole heating device and do not create additional problems of impregnation by molten polymer in the manufacturing process. Therefore it is important to limit contents of gluing materials and to keep correlation: an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of the glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times. As it is shown on Fig.l, the glued strips are divided on small parts, which are disposed separately.
Fig.2 illustrates a heating insert with layers joining by spots of glue 5, which belongs to a group of cyan-acrylate glues. For quick polymerization it is enough to press a glued place. Using of this glue facilitates design of machine for ribbon arranging and insert joining. In this case area of the heating ribbon also must be larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
Fig. 3 shows a heating insert, in which thermoplastic strips 6 (preferably from PN.C) are used for insert layers and heating ribbon joining. Thermoplastic strips 6 are melted and crowded to some places 7 on the heating ribbon and on the insert layers 3 in joining process. If the heating device has plastics shell made from thermoplastic material, for example, from PN.C. sheets, one of these sheets may be used as the insert basic material. In some cases the heating devices have no necessity of additional reinforced materials. Then the heating ribbon is joined directly with the basic material (Fig. 4). This joining is made by heating and simultaneously pressing of some points 9 along the ribbon 1 to a temperature of melting of the thermoplastic basic material 8. Laying of the heating ribbon on insert or any basic material is considerably simplified, if this laying is realized on magnet tables. In this case number of gluing and fastening places considerably decreases.
The insert is incorporated into a plastics shell during the production process of manufacturer, in particularity, during continuous calendering process or continuous laminating process, which is usually applied in the manufacturing of flexible PN.C sheets for floors. During laminating process the insert is disposed between layers of thermoplastic hot sheets and pressed by hot rolls.
The heating insert may be also incorporated inside plastics sheath during continuous extrusion process. In this case continuous heating strip may be obtained. This strip can solve a problem of long heating lines with length up to 5 km. Fig. 5 shows long extruded strip, which comprises extruded sheath 10, and heating insert. The heating insert consists of net 11, two additional electro-conductive metal ribbons 12 and a heating ribbon 13. Electro-conductive metal ribbons 12 are used as bus-bars. All ribbons are incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously during the same extrusion process. Special tooling in extruder head contains separate slots for each ribbon, and the ribbons are spaced out. The bus-bars 12 are located from two sides of said heating ribbon 13. Bridges 14 connect the heating ribbon with bus-bars, forming longitudinally extending parallel resistances in a heating strip for long distance. Fig. 6 shows a strip, which is intended for relatively short distances. The strip contains an extruded sheath 10 and a heating insert, made on a base of net 11. The bus-bars are disposed along of the insert. The heating ribbon is arranged such, that it forms parallel heating sections. Each of them is connected to bus-bars 12 by bridges 14. Obtained continuous flexible heating strip may be cut after each section in dependence on required electrical power and length. In the same way an electrical heating device in a form of flexible sheet may be built. Such heater is shown in Fig. 7. The heating insert lies between flexible plastics or rubber or silicon sheets 20 (upper sheet is conditionally absent). The insert comprises the heating ribbon 21, disposed between layers of net 22. The heating ribbon is laid on multitude sections 23, and each of these sections is independent heater, connecting with bus-bars 24 in points 25. A manufacturer produces continuous roll, which after that is cut between sections 23 in accordance with required power and area. Such heating device has terminals 26 from two sides. The ready heater contains some these sections. Fig. 8 illustrates the heating device, which contains two rows of sections 23 and each row have two pairs of connectors 26.
Fig.9 illustrates heated wood floor structure, consisting of plywood 30 and the heating device 31, glued to the plywood from lower side. This plywood together with the heating device is fastened to the joists 32 by nails 33. In one of options space for nails is marked on upper side of the plywood, hi other option the plywood and the heating device contain openings for nails, prepared beforehand. The heating device consists of heating sections 34. Pairs 35 of terminals from two sides of the heating device can electrically connect the heating devices each with others or with power supply.
Fig. 10 shows a heating chemical tank 40 made from fiberglass reinforced thermoset plastics. The insert 41 is disposed between layers 42 of glass reinforced resin plastics, such as polyester or epoxy resins. The electrical terminals 43 are connected with power supply. Layer of thermo- insulation may be disposed around the tank.
The invention describes some types of strips, made on base of the heating ribbon: the heating ribbon, incorporated in a shrinkable sleeve or in extruded sheath; the enameled heating ribbon, also incorporated in a shrinkable sleeve or in extruded sheath; the heating ribbon, incorporated in double extruded sheaths. One of preferred designs is strip with two ribbons, which are extruded simultaneously. One of them is the heating ribbon. The second ribbon may be also the heating ribbon or metal ribbon with high electro conductivity, which is used as a bus-bar. This strip type provides connection to power supply from one end of the strip. Fig. 11 illustrates other type of a heating strip, which comprises an extruded plastics sheath 50, the heating ribbon 51 and two additional metal wires 52, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath 50 simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process. The additional wires can perform two functions. The first, the wires is made from ductile material and provides easy bending of the strip in a shape of a heating mat. The second, the wires may be used as bus-bars.
A heating mat is shown in Fig. 12. The mat consists of the heating strip, which is bended in a shape of a heating mat. If the mat is made of a strip without ductile additional wires, the bending is realized by heating and pressing of the strip in bending places. If the mat is made of a strip with ductile additional wires, bending process need not heating and pressing. All strip lines are jointed in the mat by narrow plates as a ruler 53 with pins 54 for said strip lines fastening. Ends of the strip contain connectors 55 for connection with electrical cable.
Fig. 13 shows heating strips, which are coated by layer of thermo-conductive liquid silicon rubber mass 60. Heating ribbon 61 contains connectors to power supply 62 on two ends or on one end. The heating ribbon may be coated by electric enamel.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology, which has been used, is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Clearly, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, total area A of the flexible resistor ribbon is chosen in accordance with equation (1), and this fact provides high reliability and life span of the heating device. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention can practiced otherwise than specifically described.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. An electrical heating device, which comprises: a plastic rigid or flexible shell with large area, a flexible electric heating element, including a thin flat heating ribbon with increased plasticity, electrical resistance and mechanical strength, disposed inside of said plastic shell, wherein total area A of the flexible resistor ribbon is chosen in accordance with equation:
A ribbon > P / {[(kl+k2) * t ribbon max / k saf] - (kl *tl + k2*t2)}, (1) where:
A ribbon - a total area of the heating ribbon in heating device, sq.m, P - electrical power of the heating element, kl, k2 - coefficients of heat transfer from two sides of the heating element, W / sq.m*degree C, ml kl = 1/ [(A ribbon /A plastic) * (l/(αl+α2) + Σ δi/λi ) + δ/λ] (2) i=l
m2 k2 = 1/ [(A ribbon /A Piastic)*(l/(α 3+α 4)+ Σ δj/λj)+ δ/λ] (3)
J=l
(for heating devices, disposed in air from two sides) or m2 k2 = 1/ [(A ribbon /A plastic)*( Σ δj/λj)+ δ/λ] (4) j=l
(for heating devices, disposed on a floor or jointed from one side with other structure) t ribbon max - a temperature of the heating ribbon, which is maximum admissible for a plastics shell, degrees C k saf - safety factor, tl, t2 - temperature of environment from two sides of the heating device, degrees C A plastic - a total area of a plastic shell in a heating device, sq.m, αl, α3 - coefficients of heat transfer by convection from two sides of a heating device, W / (sq.m*degree C), α2, α4 - coefficients of heat transfer by heat radiation from two sides of a heating device, W / (sq.m*degree C), λ - coefficient of heat conductivity of plastic material in said plastic shell,
W / (m *degree C), δ - thickness of said plastic shell from each side of the heating ribbon, i, j - number of different layers (including thermo-insulation) in said plastics shell, ml, m2 - quantity of different layers (including thermo-insulation) in said plastics shell
2. The electrical heating device of claim 1, wherein length L ribbon and width W ribbon of the heating ribbon is chosen in accordance with correlations:
L ribbon — V R ribbon* δ ribbon* A ribbon /p ribbon (5)
W ribbon = A ribbon / L ribbon (6)
Where:
R ribbon - Electrical resistance of the ribbon corresponding to power of the heater P, Ohm, δ ribbon - Thickness of the heating ribbon, m, p rib on - Specific resistance of the heating ribbon foil, Ohm*m.
3. A high strength high electrical resistance alloy suitable for processing into micro- dimensioned foils, consisting essentially of by weight:
13.5 - 15.5 % chromium;
4.5 - 6.5 % aluminum;
0.3 - 1.1 % silicon;
0.2 - 0.6 % titanium;
0.01 - 0.1 % cerium; and a balance of said alloy comprising iron; wherein said chromium and said aluminum being included in amounts which together satisfy a relation 18.2 < X < 21.0 , wherein X = %Cr + %A1
4. The alloy of claim 3, which contains additionally to 0.01 % zirconium.
5. The alloy of claims 3, or 4, further characterized by a plasticity permitting cold rolling into a foil from 50 microns up to 20 microns thickness or less.
6. The alloy of claim 3, or 4, wherein 18.8 < X < 20.5
7. The alloy of claim 6, further characterized by a plasticity permitting cold rolling into a foil from 20 microns up to 10 microns thickness or less.
8. The electrical heating ribbon of claims 5, or 7, which is flexible thin resistance ribbon, made from said alloy, further characterized by a plasticity providing to bend back on itself.
9. An electrical heating ribbon, which is flexible thin resistance ribbon made of crystalline metal foil from 50 microns up to 10 microns thickness or less, which contains additional coating of electric enamel, forming electrical insulated enameled strip.
10. The electrical heating ribbon of claim 9, wherein said metal foil is made from said alloy.
11. The electrical heating device of claim 1, 2, comprising: a plastics or natural or synthetic rubber flexible sheets, a flexible electric heating element, forming heating insert, comprising said heating ribbon, made from metal alloy, disposed between layers of insert basic material, available for impregnation by melting polymer mass, such as synthetic or fiberglass net or mat, and said heating insert is placed inside of said plastics sheets.
12. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein layers of the insert basic material and heating ribbon are jointed together by parts of a glued double sided stripes, which cross the heating ribbon, and an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of the glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
13. The electrical heating device of claims 11, wherein layers of said insert basic material and the heating ribbon are jointed together by spots of a glue, which belongs to a group of cyan-acrylate glues and which is polymerized due to pressing; and an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times,
14. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein layers of said insert basic material and the heating ribbon are jointed together by thermoplastic strips (preferably from PN.C), crossing the heating ribbon, which are melted and crowded to some places on the heating ribbon and on the insert layers in joining process, and melt temperature of this thermoplastic material is lower than melting temperature of insert basic material, and an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
15. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein layers of said insert basic material and the heating ribbon are jointed together and sealed by polymer, which adhere to insert basic material and does not adhere to said heating ribbon (preferably from liquid PN.C), and temperature of adhesive polymerization is lower than melting temperature of the insert basic material.
16. The electrical heating device of claim 2, wherein the insert consists of one layer of said basic material and the heating ribbon, and the heating ribbon is jointed with said basic material by one of said means: by parts of glued double sided strips, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by spots of a cyan-acrylate glue, disposed on said heating ribbon, or by thermoplastic strips (preferably from PN.C), and an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said glued places, contacting with the ribbon, in three and more times.
17. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein one of layers of said flexible thermoplastic sheet, forming the plastics shell, is used as the insert basic material, and said heating ribbon is jointed with said basic material by heating of some points along the said ribbon to a temperature of melting of said layer and simultaneously by pressing of these places, and an area of the heating ribbon is larger than the area of said heated places in three and more times.
18. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein said heating insert incorporates inside of said plastics shell during the continuous calendaring process.
19. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein said heating insert incorporates inside of said plastics shell during the continuous laminating process simultaneously with joining of thermoplastic sheets.
20. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein said heating insert incorporates inside of said rubber shell during the vulcanization process.
21. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein said heating insert incorporates inside of said plastics sheath during the continuous extrusion process, forming heating strip.
22. The electrical heating device of claims 21, wherein the insert, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath, comprises the heating ribbon, two additional electro-conductive metal ribbons incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process and located from two sides of said heating ribbon on distance, providing required level of electrical insulation, and bridges, connecting said heating ribbon with each of electro-conductive ribbons by turns, forming longitudinally extending parallel resistances in a heating strip for long distance.
23. The electrical heating device of claim 21, wherein the insert, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath, contains bus-bars, made as flexible metal ribbons, disposed along of said insert, and flexible resistor ribbon, which forms multitude of heating sections, and each of the heating sections is connected with said bus-bars in parallel, forming continuous flexible heating strip, which may be cut after each section in dependence on required electrical power and length.
24. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein ends of the heating resistor ribbon are connected with electro-conductive bus-bars, and said bus-bars, made as a flexible metal ribbon, are disposed along of said insert, and they form at least two pairs of terminals from two sides of the heating device, made as a heating sheet, for connections of several heating devices one to other and with power supply.
25. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein the heating ribbon of said insert forms at least two complete heating elements as a heating sections, and each of the heating sections is connected with said bus-bars in parallel, forming continuous flexible heating device in a shape of heating sheet, which contains a multitude of said sections and may be cut in dependence on required electrical power.
26. The electrical heating device of claim 11, wherein said plastics shell is tightly mechanically jointed with one side of rigid base, and together they form a heating structure, such as heating floor or heating wall or heating ceiling, and plywood, gypsum wall panels and others are used as said rigid base, and external side of said rigid base contains markings, indicating the disposition of the heating device from behind to prevent using of different fasteners goods, such as nails, screws etc. on the heating zone, and the heating devices is electrically connected each with others by pairs of terminals from two sides of the heating device.
27. The electrical heating device of claim 26, wherein said rigid base contains additional holes for passing of said nails, screws etc. past by the heating device from behind to prevent using of different fasteners in the heating zone.
28. The electrical heating device of claim 2, wherein said insert are disposed between layers resin, for example, polyester or epoxy resins, and said insert is simultaneously one of reinforced material, and all layers are polymerized, forming different heating flat or three-dimensioned structures, for example, tanks.
29. The electrical heating device of claim 8, wherein said heating ribbon is incorporated in a plastics shell made of heat shrinkable sleeve, which tightly wrings out said ribbon, forming a waterproof strip.
30. The electrical heating device of claims 9 or 10, wherein said heating ribbon, coated by electric enamel, is incorporated in a plastics shell made of heat shrinkable sleeve, which tightly wrings out said ribbon, forming a waterproof double-insulated strip.
31. An electrical heating device of claim 8, wherein said heating ribbon is incorporated in extruded plastics sheath during extrusion process, forming a continuous waterproof strip.
32. The electrical heating device of claim 31, wherein the plastics sheath consists from two extruded layers, forming a waterproof double- insulated strip.
33. The electrical heating device of claims 31, wherein the heating ribbon, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath during extrusion process, contains additional coating of electric enamel, forming a waterproof double-insulated strip.
34. The electrical heating device of claims 31, or 32, or 33, which contains additional metal ribbon, incorporated in extruded plastics sheath simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process, and the ribbons are spaced out on distance, providing required level of electrical insulation
35. The electrical heating device of claims 31, or 32, or 33, which comprises the heating ribbon, two additional ductile wires incorporated in extruded plastics shell simultaneously with the heating ribbon during the same extrusion process and located from two sides of said heating ribbon, providing easy bending of the strip in a shape of a heating mat.
36. The electrical heating device of claims 31, or 32, or 33, or 34, which consists of said heating steip, which is bended in a shape of a heating mat by heating and pressing of said strip in bending places, and all steip lines are jointed in said mat by narrow plates as a rulers with pins for said steip lines fastening.
37. The electrical heating device of claim 8, wherein said heating ribbon is coated by at least one layer of liquid silicon rubber mass.
38. The electrical heating device of claims 9 or 10, wherein said heating ribbon coated by electric enamel, is coated additionally by the layer of liquid silicon rubber mass
PCT/IL2002/000671 2001-08-15 2002-08-14 Electrical heating device WO2003017721A2 (en)

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Cited By (7)

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WO2007012718A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-02-01 Sekrane Gerard Device for protection against frost and uses thereof
US7923667B2 (en) * 2005-09-06 2011-04-12 Ratko Isidorovic Electric room heater
US8796588B2 (en) * 2006-03-14 2014-08-05 Rtr Technologies, Inc. Heated floor panel for transit vehicle
AT522472B1 (en) * 2019-04-17 2020-11-15 Att Advanced Thermal Tech Gmbh HEATING MAT
AT522472A1 (en) * 2019-04-17 2020-11-15 Att Advanced Thermal Tech Gmbh HEATING MAT
CN111712003A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-25 佛山(华南)新材料研究院 Low-voltage infrared electrothermal film and preparation method thereof
CN111712003B (en) * 2020-06-29 2022-02-22 佛山(华南)新材料研究院 Low-voltage infrared electrothermal film and preparation method thereof

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WO2003017721A3 (en) 2004-03-04
IL144909A0 (en) 2002-06-30

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