CA2070456C - Heated floor - Google Patents
Heated floorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2070456C CA2070456C CA002070456A CA2070456A CA2070456C CA 2070456 C CA2070456 C CA 2070456C CA 002070456 A CA002070456 A CA 002070456A CA 2070456 A CA2070456 A CA 2070456A CA 2070456 C CA2070456 C CA 2070456C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- floor
- layer
- wire
- sub
- adherent material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Abstract
An electrically heated floor area having a sub-floor, and an electrical resistance heating wire resting on the top of the sub-floor. A layer of hardened adhesive material is on the sub-floor covering the heating wire. The layer has a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire. A finish floor is on top of the layer of hardened adhesive. The invention also covers a method of making the floor.
Description
.~ -- 2070~6 This invention is directed toward an improved, electrically he~ted floor area. The invention is also directed toward a method for constructing the electrically heated floor area.
Electrically heated floor areas are known. They normally comprise floors having panels, with electric heating resistance wires in them, sandwiched between the sub-floor and the finish floor. The heating panels are usually constructed separately, off-site, and then sent to the site for installation on top of the sub-floor, After installation, the heating panels are covered with an adhesive, or similar adherent material, and the finish floor is laid - onto the adhesive adhering it to the heating panels.
- Variations of the above heating panels are known. The panel may be provided with a finish floor surface during its manufacture.
Then no finish floor is required on-site once the panels are installed. An example of this type of panel is shown in U.S. Patent t 2,889,439. The panel may also be provided with an electrically conductive layer in place of the resistance wire. An example of this type of heating panel is shown in U.S. Patent 3,973,103.
All installations that require separate panels are expensive however since the panels, and the floors incorporating the panels,~
must be separately constructed. In addition, floors incorporating separate electrical heating panels are relatively heavy and thick.
It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a~
simplified electrically heated floor that is relatively inexpensive~
to construct and that is lighter and thinner than known floors~
employing separate electrical heating panels. It is also the~
purpose of th~ present invention to provide a method for simply and~
inexpensively constructing such a 100r.
In accordance with the present invention, the improved electrically heated floor is constructed by laying the electric ~ heating resistance wire directly onto the sub-floor. The wire i8;
- laid down on the sub-floor in a pattern to provide optimum heating ~ over the heated floor area. The entire sub-floor is then covered 20704~6 with a layer of adherent material, such as an adhesive, to a thickness at least equal to, or slightly greater than the thickness of the wire. ~he adherent material covers the wire. In one embodiment of the invention, the adherent material used is selected to be compatible with the finish floor that is used. The finish floor is laid onto this adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the wire sandwiched between.
In another embodiment of the invention, a first layer of adherent material can be used to at least partially cover the wire. This layer is allowed to set to fix the wire in place. A second layer of adherent material, compatible with the finish floor that is used, is then laid on the first layer. The thickness of the two layers is at least equal to, or slightly greater than, the thickness of the wire.
The finish floor i~ laid onto the second layer of adherent material r~ before it sets.
~ The completed floor comprises a sub-floor; at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor with the heating , wire, laid on the sub-floor, embedded in it; and a finish floor. No separate heating panels are employed in the floor construction. The improved heated floor differs from a normal unheated floor that employs adherent material only by adding the heating wire and employing a slightly thicker layer or layers of adherent material so as to completely cover the wire. The only extra step required in constructing the heated floor, over constructing a normal unheated floor, is in laying down the wire. This single step makes the floor much cheaper to construct than a floor that employs separate heating panels that must be constructed separately off-site, transported to - the site, and then installed.
The adherent ~aterial used is the same as that used to construct a normal floor that is not heated. If for example an~
-~ epoxy based glue is used to bond finish wood flooring to a wood or~
concrete sub-floor, then the same glue is used in making a heated~
-~ floor of the same sub-floor and finish floor materials, the only~
difference being that more glue is used to provide a thick enough layer to embed the heating wire.
More particularly, the invention as claimed is directed toward an electrically heated floor having-a sub-floor defining a floor area, said sub-floor being made of combustible material;
an electric heating resistance wire resting directly on the top of the sub-floor said wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid lo and being secured onto the sub-floor in a pattern having long parallel length`s that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor, said at least one layer embedding the heating wire and having a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire;
a finish floor on top of the layer of adherent material; and an electrical connexion box to which the heating 20 wire is connected, said box supplying a current of no more than 2 watts/linear foot in said heating wire.
The invention is also directed toward a method of constructing an electrically heated floor area comprising the steps of:
laying down a sub-floor made of combustible material;
securing an electric heating resistance wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid on a selected area of the sub-floor in a pattern 30 having long, parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
covering the sub-floor, including the wire on it, completely with at least one layer of adherent material, said at least one layer having a thickness at least equal to, the thickness of the wire;
setting a finish floor on top of the adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the heating wire, set in the adherent layer, located be~tween them; and connecting said heating wire to an electrical connexion box so that a current of no more than two watts/linear foot circulates in said heating wire.
The invention will now be described in detail having reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the sub-floor with the heating wire on it;
Fig. 2 is a broken-away perspective view of the heated floor;
- Fig. 3 iæ a cros6-section view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a detail top view of a wire support;
Fig. 5 is a broken-away perspective view of another embodiment of the heated floor; and Fig. 6 is a cross-section view taken along line 6-6 20 of Fig. 5.
The invention is directed toward an electrically heated floor 1 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3. The floor has a sub-floor 3. The ub-./
/
A
floor 3 can be made from wood, such as plywood sheets, or concrete.
The sub-floor 3 can be carried on supports 5 such as wood joists, if wood is used, or metal channels or beams.
An electric heating resistance wire 7 is laid down directly on top of a selected area of the sub-floor 3. The wire could cover the ent-ire sub-floor area, or just a part of it. The wiré 7 is laid down in a pattern to ensure that substantially all of the selected floor area is uniformly heated. Patterns are used that ensure that the variation in temperature over the selected ~loor area will be no ~0 greater than about 2 P. Preferably the wire 7 is arranged in long, parallel lengths 9 on the sub-floor 3 with each length 9 joined at its ends to an adjacent long len~th with short transverse lengths 11. The wire 7 provides a serpentine current path. The wire 7 preferably has a double insulated resistance core of copper-nickel alloy wire ranging in size from 32 A~G to 20 AWG depending on the inætallation. The insulated core is covered with stainless steel braid. The maximum operating temperature of the wire is about ninety degrees centigrade and its power rating is a m~ of 12-watts / 40 BTU per square foot.
The wire 7 is held in its serpentine pattern on the sub-floor 3 with wire supports 13. The wire supports 13 can be made from plastic or sheet metal, or other sultable material. The wire supports 13 can be arranged in straight lines 15 at opposite sides 17 of the floor area to be heated by the wire 7, if the floor àrea is regular in shape. If the floor area to be heated is irregular in shape the supports 13 are arranged accordingly to heat the irregular shape. Th~ supports 13 in ea~h line 15 are spaced apart a distance generally equal to the desired spacing "A" between the long wire lengths g. Each support 13, as shown in Fig. 4, has a hook 19, 19' at each end 21, 21' on its upper surface around which the wire 7 is passed. A long wire length 9' of the wire 7 leads to one end 21 of the support 13 from a support on the opposite side of the- floor area, passes around hook 19 at that end, and goes to hook 19' at the :
20't04~6 other end 21' of the support 13 as a transverse length 11'. From hook 19', the wire 7 goes across the floor area to another support as a long length 9". The supports 13 are fastened to the sub-floor 3 with nails 23 or similar fastening means.
The far end 25 of the heating wire i is brought back to the initial end 2~ of the wire as shown in Fig. 1, and both ends as, 27 run along the sub-floor 3 and up a wall 29 to an electrical connection box 31 in the wall. A connector 33 connects the wire ends 25, 27 to the box 31. The heating wire 7 is connected to the building wiring 37 in the box 31 by suitable-means (not shown) and a thermostat 39, connected to box 31, controls the current in the wire 7.
After the heating wire 7 is laid down directly onto the sub-floor 3 in the desired pattern, it is covered with a layer 41 of adherent material. The layer 41 of adherent material is at least equal to, or slightly thicker than, the thickness of the wire 7, or the thickness of the wire supports 13 as shown in Fig. 3, so that the layer 41 completely covers them, embedding them in the layer.
The adherent material is selected to be compatible with the f inish floor that is to be laid on the adherent layer. The adherent layer 41 is applied in sections on the sub-floor 3 and is trowelled to spread and level it in a direction generally parallel to the heatin~
wire lengths 9 as shown in Fig. 2 so as not to disturb the wire lengths. Before the adherent layer 41 sets, elements 43 of the finish floor 45 are laid on the adherent material to adhere them to the sub-floor 3 as the adherent material sets. The finish floor 45 can be made from wood, ceramic tiles or squares, natural or artificial s.one squares or slabs, concrete squares or slabs, or similar material.
The adherent material employed, is that normally employed with the particular finish floor material selected. The adherent -~ material can be an epoxy or latex based adhesive, or a masonry grout-type cement. The adherent material layer 41 is normally about 2~70~56 one-quarter of an inch thick, but the thickness can be varied so lon~ as the layer is thick enough to cover both the wire 7 and the wire supports 13.
The long lengths 9 of the heating wire pattern are spaced apart a distance "A" that preferably is no greater than 2" when the floor employs combustible material such as wood. This close spacing ' permits less current to be used in the heating wire to heat the floor thus minimi7ing the risk of fire. While current to provide a power output of up to 5-6 wattsJlinear foot can be used in the wire on combustible floors, with a wire spacing of 2", it is preferred that current providing a power output of no more than 2 watts/linear foot be employed. When the floor employs non-combustible materials, the heating wire 7 can carry more current and thus the long len~ths 9 of the wire can be spaced farther apart. The long lengths 9 could be spaced apart between 1" and 12". For non-combustible floors, current providing a power output of up to 40 watts/linear foot could be used. It is preferred however to space the long lengths of wire 4" apart and to use a current providing a power output of between 2 and 6 watts/linear foot on non-co`mbustible floors. The heated floor, when completed, has a sub-floor and a finish floor joined by a thick, hardened, adherent material layer in which layer is ; embedded a heating wire.
The heated floor described above employs a single layer of ~ adherent material. However, heate~ floors can be constructed using - two different adherent material layers. As shown in Figs. 5 and~`6, the heating wire 107 is laid on a suitable sub-floor 103 as before with the aid of wire supports 113. ~he sub-floor 103 is then covered with a bottom layer 141 of suitable adherent material which is thick e~u~h to cover, or almost cover, the heating wire 107 and the wire supports 113. This bottom layer 141 is allowed to set, fixing the heating wire 107 in place. A top layer 142 of suitable adherent materi~l, preferably one that can be levelled, is next a~plied onto the bottom layer 141, completely covering the heating wire 107 and wire supports 113 if they are still exposed.
- This top layer 142 can be applied immediately after the bottom layer 141 6ets, or several days later. This top layer 142 can be spread,and levelled with curved strokes as shown in Fig.
! 5. After the top layer 142 is levelled, and before it sets, the finish floor 143 is applied to the top layer 142 adhere it to the sub-floor. The two-layered adherent material layer is normally employed with masonry floor construction with the top layer being a cementious adherent material such as grout 10 that can be spread to level the floor.
By way of example, a heated floor can be made using a sub-floor of plywood with a heating wire laid on top of the sub-floor with the long lengths at 2" spacing. The sub-floor and heating wire are covered with a 1/4" thick layer of adhesive having a polymer base sold under the trademark "Keralastic" by Mapei. Before the adhesive layer sets, it iæ
covered with a finish floor made up of ceramic tiles having a thickness of 3/8".
As another example, a heated floor can be made using 20 a sub-floor of concrete with a heating wire laid on top of the sub-floor with the long lengths at 4" spacing. The sub-floor and heating wire are covered with a 1/4" thick bottom layer of adhesive having a polymer base sold under the trademark "Grani/Rapid" by Mapei. This bottom layer is allowed to set.
It is then is covered either immediately after setting, or sometime latter, with a 1/4" thick top layer of grouting , cement that is levelled. Before the top layer sets, it is covered with granite sl~b6 having a thiFknes6 ~ , ~ ,
Electrically heated floor areas are known. They normally comprise floors having panels, with electric heating resistance wires in them, sandwiched between the sub-floor and the finish floor. The heating panels are usually constructed separately, off-site, and then sent to the site for installation on top of the sub-floor, After installation, the heating panels are covered with an adhesive, or similar adherent material, and the finish floor is laid - onto the adhesive adhering it to the heating panels.
- Variations of the above heating panels are known. The panel may be provided with a finish floor surface during its manufacture.
Then no finish floor is required on-site once the panels are installed. An example of this type of panel is shown in U.S. Patent t 2,889,439. The panel may also be provided with an electrically conductive layer in place of the resistance wire. An example of this type of heating panel is shown in U.S. Patent 3,973,103.
All installations that require separate panels are expensive however since the panels, and the floors incorporating the panels,~
must be separately constructed. In addition, floors incorporating separate electrical heating panels are relatively heavy and thick.
It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a~
simplified electrically heated floor that is relatively inexpensive~
to construct and that is lighter and thinner than known floors~
employing separate electrical heating panels. It is also the~
purpose of th~ present invention to provide a method for simply and~
inexpensively constructing such a 100r.
In accordance with the present invention, the improved electrically heated floor is constructed by laying the electric ~ heating resistance wire directly onto the sub-floor. The wire i8;
- laid down on the sub-floor in a pattern to provide optimum heating ~ over the heated floor area. The entire sub-floor is then covered 20704~6 with a layer of adherent material, such as an adhesive, to a thickness at least equal to, or slightly greater than the thickness of the wire. ~he adherent material covers the wire. In one embodiment of the invention, the adherent material used is selected to be compatible with the finish floor that is used. The finish floor is laid onto this adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the wire sandwiched between.
In another embodiment of the invention, a first layer of adherent material can be used to at least partially cover the wire. This layer is allowed to set to fix the wire in place. A second layer of adherent material, compatible with the finish floor that is used, is then laid on the first layer. The thickness of the two layers is at least equal to, or slightly greater than, the thickness of the wire.
The finish floor i~ laid onto the second layer of adherent material r~ before it sets.
~ The completed floor comprises a sub-floor; at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor with the heating , wire, laid on the sub-floor, embedded in it; and a finish floor. No separate heating panels are employed in the floor construction. The improved heated floor differs from a normal unheated floor that employs adherent material only by adding the heating wire and employing a slightly thicker layer or layers of adherent material so as to completely cover the wire. The only extra step required in constructing the heated floor, over constructing a normal unheated floor, is in laying down the wire. This single step makes the floor much cheaper to construct than a floor that employs separate heating panels that must be constructed separately off-site, transported to - the site, and then installed.
The adherent ~aterial used is the same as that used to construct a normal floor that is not heated. If for example an~
-~ epoxy based glue is used to bond finish wood flooring to a wood or~
concrete sub-floor, then the same glue is used in making a heated~
-~ floor of the same sub-floor and finish floor materials, the only~
difference being that more glue is used to provide a thick enough layer to embed the heating wire.
More particularly, the invention as claimed is directed toward an electrically heated floor having-a sub-floor defining a floor area, said sub-floor being made of combustible material;
an electric heating resistance wire resting directly on the top of the sub-floor said wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid lo and being secured onto the sub-floor in a pattern having long parallel length`s that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor, said at least one layer embedding the heating wire and having a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire;
a finish floor on top of the layer of adherent material; and an electrical connexion box to which the heating 20 wire is connected, said box supplying a current of no more than 2 watts/linear foot in said heating wire.
The invention is also directed toward a method of constructing an electrically heated floor area comprising the steps of:
laying down a sub-floor made of combustible material;
securing an electric heating resistance wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid on a selected area of the sub-floor in a pattern 30 having long, parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
covering the sub-floor, including the wire on it, completely with at least one layer of adherent material, said at least one layer having a thickness at least equal to, the thickness of the wire;
setting a finish floor on top of the adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the heating wire, set in the adherent layer, located be~tween them; and connecting said heating wire to an electrical connexion box so that a current of no more than two watts/linear foot circulates in said heating wire.
The invention will now be described in detail having reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the sub-floor with the heating wire on it;
Fig. 2 is a broken-away perspective view of the heated floor;
- Fig. 3 iæ a cros6-section view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a detail top view of a wire support;
Fig. 5 is a broken-away perspective view of another embodiment of the heated floor; and Fig. 6 is a cross-section view taken along line 6-6 20 of Fig. 5.
The invention is directed toward an electrically heated floor 1 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3. The floor has a sub-floor 3. The ub-./
/
A
floor 3 can be made from wood, such as plywood sheets, or concrete.
The sub-floor 3 can be carried on supports 5 such as wood joists, if wood is used, or metal channels or beams.
An electric heating resistance wire 7 is laid down directly on top of a selected area of the sub-floor 3. The wire could cover the ent-ire sub-floor area, or just a part of it. The wiré 7 is laid down in a pattern to ensure that substantially all of the selected floor area is uniformly heated. Patterns are used that ensure that the variation in temperature over the selected ~loor area will be no ~0 greater than about 2 P. Preferably the wire 7 is arranged in long, parallel lengths 9 on the sub-floor 3 with each length 9 joined at its ends to an adjacent long len~th with short transverse lengths 11. The wire 7 provides a serpentine current path. The wire 7 preferably has a double insulated resistance core of copper-nickel alloy wire ranging in size from 32 A~G to 20 AWG depending on the inætallation. The insulated core is covered with stainless steel braid. The maximum operating temperature of the wire is about ninety degrees centigrade and its power rating is a m~ of 12-watts / 40 BTU per square foot.
The wire 7 is held in its serpentine pattern on the sub-floor 3 with wire supports 13. The wire supports 13 can be made from plastic or sheet metal, or other sultable material. The wire supports 13 can be arranged in straight lines 15 at opposite sides 17 of the floor area to be heated by the wire 7, if the floor àrea is regular in shape. If the floor area to be heated is irregular in shape the supports 13 are arranged accordingly to heat the irregular shape. Th~ supports 13 in ea~h line 15 are spaced apart a distance generally equal to the desired spacing "A" between the long wire lengths g. Each support 13, as shown in Fig. 4, has a hook 19, 19' at each end 21, 21' on its upper surface around which the wire 7 is passed. A long wire length 9' of the wire 7 leads to one end 21 of the support 13 from a support on the opposite side of the- floor area, passes around hook 19 at that end, and goes to hook 19' at the :
20't04~6 other end 21' of the support 13 as a transverse length 11'. From hook 19', the wire 7 goes across the floor area to another support as a long length 9". The supports 13 are fastened to the sub-floor 3 with nails 23 or similar fastening means.
The far end 25 of the heating wire i is brought back to the initial end 2~ of the wire as shown in Fig. 1, and both ends as, 27 run along the sub-floor 3 and up a wall 29 to an electrical connection box 31 in the wall. A connector 33 connects the wire ends 25, 27 to the box 31. The heating wire 7 is connected to the building wiring 37 in the box 31 by suitable-means (not shown) and a thermostat 39, connected to box 31, controls the current in the wire 7.
After the heating wire 7 is laid down directly onto the sub-floor 3 in the desired pattern, it is covered with a layer 41 of adherent material. The layer 41 of adherent material is at least equal to, or slightly thicker than, the thickness of the wire 7, or the thickness of the wire supports 13 as shown in Fig. 3, so that the layer 41 completely covers them, embedding them in the layer.
The adherent material is selected to be compatible with the f inish floor that is to be laid on the adherent layer. The adherent layer 41 is applied in sections on the sub-floor 3 and is trowelled to spread and level it in a direction generally parallel to the heatin~
wire lengths 9 as shown in Fig. 2 so as not to disturb the wire lengths. Before the adherent layer 41 sets, elements 43 of the finish floor 45 are laid on the adherent material to adhere them to the sub-floor 3 as the adherent material sets. The finish floor 45 can be made from wood, ceramic tiles or squares, natural or artificial s.one squares or slabs, concrete squares or slabs, or similar material.
The adherent material employed, is that normally employed with the particular finish floor material selected. The adherent -~ material can be an epoxy or latex based adhesive, or a masonry grout-type cement. The adherent material layer 41 is normally about 2~70~56 one-quarter of an inch thick, but the thickness can be varied so lon~ as the layer is thick enough to cover both the wire 7 and the wire supports 13.
The long lengths 9 of the heating wire pattern are spaced apart a distance "A" that preferably is no greater than 2" when the floor employs combustible material such as wood. This close spacing ' permits less current to be used in the heating wire to heat the floor thus minimi7ing the risk of fire. While current to provide a power output of up to 5-6 wattsJlinear foot can be used in the wire on combustible floors, with a wire spacing of 2", it is preferred that current providing a power output of no more than 2 watts/linear foot be employed. When the floor employs non-combustible materials, the heating wire 7 can carry more current and thus the long len~ths 9 of the wire can be spaced farther apart. The long lengths 9 could be spaced apart between 1" and 12". For non-combustible floors, current providing a power output of up to 40 watts/linear foot could be used. It is preferred however to space the long lengths of wire 4" apart and to use a current providing a power output of between 2 and 6 watts/linear foot on non-co`mbustible floors. The heated floor, when completed, has a sub-floor and a finish floor joined by a thick, hardened, adherent material layer in which layer is ; embedded a heating wire.
The heated floor described above employs a single layer of ~ adherent material. However, heate~ floors can be constructed using - two different adherent material layers. As shown in Figs. 5 and~`6, the heating wire 107 is laid on a suitable sub-floor 103 as before with the aid of wire supports 113. ~he sub-floor 103 is then covered with a bottom layer 141 of suitable adherent material which is thick e~u~h to cover, or almost cover, the heating wire 107 and the wire supports 113. This bottom layer 141 is allowed to set, fixing the heating wire 107 in place. A top layer 142 of suitable adherent materi~l, preferably one that can be levelled, is next a~plied onto the bottom layer 141, completely covering the heating wire 107 and wire supports 113 if they are still exposed.
- This top layer 142 can be applied immediately after the bottom layer 141 6ets, or several days later. This top layer 142 can be spread,and levelled with curved strokes as shown in Fig.
! 5. After the top layer 142 is levelled, and before it sets, the finish floor 143 is applied to the top layer 142 adhere it to the sub-floor. The two-layered adherent material layer is normally employed with masonry floor construction with the top layer being a cementious adherent material such as grout 10 that can be spread to level the floor.
By way of example, a heated floor can be made using a sub-floor of plywood with a heating wire laid on top of the sub-floor with the long lengths at 2" spacing. The sub-floor and heating wire are covered with a 1/4" thick layer of adhesive having a polymer base sold under the trademark "Keralastic" by Mapei. Before the adhesive layer sets, it iæ
covered with a finish floor made up of ceramic tiles having a thickness of 3/8".
As another example, a heated floor can be made using 20 a sub-floor of concrete with a heating wire laid on top of the sub-floor with the long lengths at 4" spacing. The sub-floor and heating wire are covered with a 1/4" thick bottom layer of adhesive having a polymer base sold under the trademark "Grani/Rapid" by Mapei. This bottom layer is allowed to set.
It is then is covered either immediately after setting, or sometime latter, with a 1/4" thick top layer of grouting , cement that is levelled. Before the top layer sets, it is covered with granite sl~b6 having a thiFknes6 ~ , ~ ,
Claims (11)
1. An electrically heated floor having:
a sub-floor defining a floor area, said sub-floor being made of combustible material;
an electric heating resistance wire resting directly on the top of the sub-floor said wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid and being secured onto the sub-floor in a pattern having long parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor, said at least one layer embedding the heating wire and having a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire;
a finish floor on top of the layer of adherent material; and an electrical connection box to which the heating wire is connected, said box supplying a current of no more than 2 watts/linear foot in said heating wire.
a sub-floor defining a floor area, said sub-floor being made of combustible material;
an electric heating resistance wire resting directly on the top of the sub-floor said wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid and being secured onto the sub-floor in a pattern having long parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
at least one layer of hardened adherent material on the sub-floor, said at least one layer embedding the heating wire and having a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire;
a finish floor on top of the layer of adherent material; and an electrical connection box to which the heating wire is connected, said box supplying a current of no more than 2 watts/linear foot in said heating wire.
2. A heated floor area as claimed in claim 1 wherein said at least one layer of adherent material consists of a hardened layer of adhesive material.
3. A heated floor area as claimed in claim 1 wherein said at least one layer of adherent material comprises a bottom layer of hardened adhesive material and a top layer of hardened cementious material providing a level mounting surface for the finish floor.
4. A heated floor area as claimed in claim 3 wherein the finish floor is made from masonry material.
5. A heated floor area as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, including wire supports fastened to the sub-floor to help arrange the heating wire in the desired pattern, the wire supports being embedded in said at least one layer of hardened adherent material.
6. A method of constructing an electrically heated floor area comprising the steps of:
laying down a sub-floor made of combustible material;
securing an electric heating resistance wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid on a selected area of the sub-floor in a pattern having long, parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
covering the sub-floor, including the wire on it, completely with at least one layer of adherent material, said at least one layer having a thickness at least equal to, the thickness of the wire;
setting a finish floor on top of the adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the heating wire, set in the adherent layer, located between them; and connecting said heating wire to an electrical connexion base so that a current of no more than two watts/linear foot circulates in said heating wire.
laying down a sub-floor made of combustible material;
securing an electric heating resistance wire having a double insulated resistance core covered with stainless steel braid on a selected area of the sub-floor in a pattern having long, parallel lengths that are no more than two inches apart so as to heat substantially all of the floor area;
covering the sub-floor, including the wire on it, completely with at least one layer of adherent material, said at least one layer having a thickness at least equal to, the thickness of the wire;
setting a finish floor on top of the adherent material before it sets to adhere the finish floor to the sub-floor with the heating wire, set in the adherent layer, located between them; and connecting said heating wire to an electrical connexion base so that a current of no more than two watts/linear foot circulates in said heating wire.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said heating wire is secured by fastening wire supports to the sub-floor to help hold the heating wire in its pattern, said at least one layer of adherent material having a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the wire supports.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the adherent material is an adhesive.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the finish floor is selected from the group consisting of wood, ceramic tiles and squares, natural and artificial stone slabs and squares, and concrete slabs and squares.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said at least one layer of adherent material consists of one layer only.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said at least one layer of adherent material comprises a bottom layer which is thick enough to almost cover the heating wire and wire supports, and a top layer which is applied onto the bottom layer and on top of which the finish floor is set.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002070456A CA2070456C (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | Heated floor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002070456A CA2070456C (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | Heated floor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2070456A1 CA2070456A1 (en) | 1992-09-27 |
| CA2070456C true CA2070456C (en) | 1996-06-04 |
Family
ID=4149968
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002070456A Expired - Lifetime CA2070456C (en) | 1992-06-04 | 1992-06-04 | Heated floor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2070456C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5961869A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1999-10-05 | Irgens; O. Stephan | Electrically insulated adhesive-coated heating element |
| JP2004251464A (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2004-09-09 | Nippon Oil Corp | Low-temperature thermal burn preventive floor heating system and floor material for floor heating |
| US9603196B2 (en) | 2012-12-14 | 2017-03-21 | Tech Design Llc | Self-regulating semi-conductive flexible heating element |
-
1992
- 1992-06-04 CA CA002070456A patent/CA2070456C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2070456A1 (en) | 1992-09-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |