WO2003017376A1 - Thermophotovoltaik-vorrichtung - Google Patents
Thermophotovoltaik-vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003017376A1 WO2003017376A1 PCT/CH2002/000383 CH0200383W WO03017376A1 WO 2003017376 A1 WO2003017376 A1 WO 2003017376A1 CH 0200383 W CH0200383 W CH 0200383W WO 03017376 A1 WO03017376 A1 WO 03017376A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic element
- carrier
- radiation
- layer
- thin
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000661 Mercury cadmium telluride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a thermophotovoltaic device, a Therrnophotovoltaik generator and a corresponding method according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- Thermophotovoltaic is a technique for converting heat into electricity.
- a heat source eg. As a gas burner, is itself emitter or heats a radiation emitter.
- the emitted electromagnetic radiation is converted into electricity by photocells.
- the radiation emitter should emit at the highest possible temperatures, eg. 1500 ° C, since the amount of emitted radiation energy is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature (Stef- Boltzmann's law).
- the conversion of radiation into electrical energy in the photocells is based on semiconductor effects.
- the operating temperature of photocells are therefore rather low, z. B. ⁇ 100 ° C. Since they can also contain temperature-sensitive materials, an efficient cooling system is required. Accordingly, a TPV device involves the complex task of combining technical difficulties of efficient heat-current conversion with simple, compact plant design and the avoidance of radiation losses with economic values such as low manufacturing and material costs.
- TPV devices are for example in the heating industry.
- a TPV generator z. B. combined with a gas heating, generate electricity in addition to the desired heat.
- a equipped with thermal photovoltaic heating can be operated electrically autonomous. The electricity that it needs is generated by itself, whereby such a heating system is not affected by power outages.
- TPV generators operate on commercial silicon or GaSb photocells, either laboriously cooled by water-cooled metal blocks or, less effectively, by water filters.
- the monocrystalline photocells and their assembly contribute significantly to the system cost.
- the connection of small, flat photocells to a z. B. cylindrical system also leads to significant radiation losses in the gaps and at the edges of the individual cells.
- the inflexible photocells can not be optimally applied to curved surfaces.
- thermo-photovoltaic device and generator and a method for converting radiation into electrical energy using thin-film photovoltaic elements, which overcomes disadvantages of previous photovoltaic devices and generators or methods with conventional crystalline photocells , Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a radiation and cooling technology optimized thin-film thermophotovoltaic device or generator.
- thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device and method for converting the radiant energy emitted by a radiation emitter into electrical energy, wherein a photovoltaic element is on or on a carrier is attached and has thin-film photocells.
- the device includes an outer element, which forms a cavity with the support, which includes a cooling and the photovoltaic element cools very directly.
- the thermal photovoltaic device or generator according to the invention preferably has additional functional thin layers, which are designed, for example, as protective, insulating, contact and / or filter layers.
- a significant advantage of the inventive TPV device is the use of thin-film photovoltaic elements.
- thin-film elements In contrast to z. As crystalline, inflexible solar cells, thin-film elements have a thickness of less than one to a hundred micrometers, typically 10 microns, and can be applied in principle to any shaped substrates, for. B. deposited, or bent. Particularly interesting in this regard are flexible or curved surfaces, for. B. of heat-resistant glass tubes. From their spectral sensitivity forth are thin-film cell materials, eg. As CuInSe 2 (CIS) or CuIn x Ga y Se 2 (CIGS), also suitable for TPV as conventional crystalline silicon photocells.
- CIS CuInSe 2
- CGS CuIn x Ga y Se 2
- CIS CuInSe 2
- CuIn x Ga y Se 2 CGS
- HgCdTe HgCdTe
- PbCdTe PbCdTe
- the materials or elements may be applied to a substrate, e.g. As glass, foil, sheet metal, etc., are applied.
- Such techniques include, for example, gas phase depositions such as chemical or physical gas phase deposition, CVD or PVD, or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sputtering, electrodeposition, laser evaporation, and many more.
- gas phase depositions such as chemical or physical gas phase deposition, CVD or PVD, or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), sputtering, electrodeposition, laser evaporation, and many more.
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- the thickness of thin-film PV elements is about 0.1-100 .mu.m, wherein it is preferably in a range of 0.3-25 .mu.m, for example 3 .mu.m.
- microcrystalline silicon cells or dye solar cells are also suitable as thin-film PV elements.
- the thin-film photovoltaic elements are preferably provided with further layers, for. B. functional layers such as protective or filter layers, surrounded or coated. These functional layers are typically made by the same methods as the photovoltaic elements, but their thickness is preferably in the range of 1 nm to 3 ⁇ m, typically between 10 nm-1 ⁇ m, e.g. B. 30-300 nm. Thin-film photovoltaic elements are then preferably on or mounted on one or more such thin layers on a support. To a side facing the radiation emitter, ie inside the chamber, is preferably a layer, the z. B. can serve as a heat protection filter, antireflection coating or contact layer. This layer takes over one or more of the mentioned functions.
- the current generated in the thin-film PV element can be derived directly in the contact layer and, for example, connected directly to a load or stored in an energy storage, such as battery, accumulator.
- An example of a functional layer that includes several of the mentioned functions are so-called transparent electrically conductive layers, e.g. B. transparent conductive oxide layers (TCO) such as indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 or ZnO. It is quite possible to switch several layers between the emitter and the thin-film PV element, whereby the individual layers can be optimized for single or multiple functions.
- a contact layer may additionally be provided with electrically conductive materials, for example so-called finger contacts. This is advantageous if the electrical conductivity of the contact or other layers is too low. Finger contacts are preferably thin wire meshes, typically about 10 ⁇ m thick nets, or metal ridges typically made of silver, aluminum or copper. They are for example applied as a braid or strip on a support or a layer, or applied thereto by means of a screen printing method. A contact layer may also consist exclusively of a finger contact, for example a silver wire mesh. If a photocell is applied to an electrically conductive carrier, for example a metal tube or a metal foil, then the contact layer or a possible finger contact can also be omitted.
- an electrically conductive carrier for example a metal tube or a metal foil
- a layer which contains the photovoltaic element in the Essentially in front of the environment eg. B. a cooling medium, protects and is electrically insulating.
- a cooling medium protects and is electrically insulating.
- a provided with an insulating protective layer thin-film PV element has the distinct advantage that it directly with a cooling medium, for. As water, can be brought into contact. The thin-film PV element is thus directly cooled over its entire surface. Since the thickness of the thin film element is very small, it can be cooled very effectively because of its small thermal conductivity. This in turn allows a close positioning of the elements to an emitter, so that z. B.
- a thin-film TPV generator can be built very compact. Efficient photovoltaic element cooling enables smaller distances between the emitter and the photovoltaic element to be realized than is possible with conventional crystalline photocell designs. This means that very slim systems with small diameters can be produced. Axial radiation losses are minimized and costs saved.
- Thin-film PV elements and additional functional layers are preferably produced in one working step or applied to a substrate, for.
- a substrate for.
- an area -eben, wavy or curved or a flexible film applied is applied. This happens, for example, by successive sputtering or deposition on the same base in the same system, eg. B. a vacuum system.
- thin-film PV elements and layers deposited directly on a supporting part of a TVP device, z. B. on a support or an outer element, such as a quartz, glass, metal or plastic tube so simplifies the assembly, since fewer items must be assembled. If the thin-film PV element, including any additional layers, is also located between the carrier and the outer element, the PV element can not be damaged during assembly.
- Radiation emitters for the thin-film TPV generator according to the invention are generally known radiation emitters, some of which are already used for conventional TPV generators. Examples are radiation emitters, a heating source, for. B. a gas burner as described in document US 5'312'521, surrounded. Emitters are typically made of metal, ceramic material or fabrics. It is important that the material is resistant to high temperatures and thermal shock. For example, special material structures, eg. B. Keramikfasem used. Especially important is the wavelength range emitted by the radiator.
- a TPV generator preferably includes one or more reflecting units, e.g. B. reflection layers, so that the non-convertible by the PV elements radiation component is reflected back to the emitter.
- the inventive TPV device preferably in combination with an existing radiation emitter and a heat source, for.
- a gas heater As a gas heater, is used, no limitation to special radiation emitter is required.
- the device can also be provided with additionally optimized heat transfer devices between emitter and photovoltaic element, for example with a special air flow device, as described for example in document DE 198 15 094. In the following the invention will be described with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows the plan view of a structure of a thin-film thermo-photovoltaic generator in a cross-sectional drawing and an enlarged section thereof.
- FIG. 2 shows the generator structure of FIG. 1 with a thin-film photovoltaic element mounted on the interior side.
- Fig. 3 shows an exemplary photovoltaic element with flexible support.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a thermophotovoltaic generator according to the invention with a TPV device according to the invention.
- a radiation emitter 1 z. B. a broadband emitter or selective emitter.
- a support 2 for example, a first glass tube made of heat-resistant quartz glass.
- the carrier 2 forms a, the emitter-containing interior.
- Applied externally to the first glass tube 2 is a sequence of substantially three functional layers, wherein the middle layer is formed as a thin-film photovoltaic element 6.
- the first functional layer preferably a combined heat protection filter, antireflection and contact layer 5, z. B. a banner Conduction oxide (TCO) layer or an infrared reflective filter layer, e.g. As an approximately 10 nm to several microns thick SnO 2 - or zinc oxide filter applied ..
- TCO banner Conduction oxide
- infrared reflective filter layer e.g. As an approximately 10 nm to several microns thick SnO 2 - or zinc oxide filter applied ..
- the actual photovoltaic element 6 for example, an approximately 0.2- 15 microns thick polycrystalline CuInSe 2 follows ( CIS) or CuIn x Ga y Se 2 (CIGS) layer, a microcrystalline silicon or dye cell layer. Above this there is another functional layer which protects the photovoltaic element 6 by its electrically insulating properties.
- This delimiting insulation layer 7, which may also be designed as a reflective layer, is directly connected to the, located in the adjacent cavity 3 coolant z. As water, in contact.
- the very direct connection between the coolant and the thin-film photocell 6 guarantees optimum cooling of the cell 6 and, moreover, allows a relatively close coalescence of the radiation emitter 1 and the photovoltaic element 6.
- the outer termination of the TPV device forms the outer element 4.
- photocells are preferably connected in series, wherein the interconnection can be carried out in the same manner as that in commercially available thin-film solar modules, with e.g. amorphous silicon or CIS, happens.
- FIG. 1 shows a similar construction of a thermophotovoltaic generator as Figure 1.
- a radiation emitter 1 a heat-resistant support 20, such as a quartz glass, and, with the support 20 a cavity enclosing outer element 4, z.
- the photovoltaic element 60 lies on the side of the carrier 20 facing away from the cavity in the interior between the carrier 20 and the radiation emitter 1.
- the photovoltaic element 60 is applied to the carrier 20 in a sandwich-like structure.
- a contact layer 50 which serves for the electrical contacting of the photovoltaic element 60.
- electrically conductive materials such as a wire mesh or metal bars may be introduced, which support the removal of the current generated by the photovoltaic element 60.
- the photovoltaic element 60 On the other side of the photovoltaic element 60 is preferably located a second functional layer, an insulation, protection and / or filter layer 70, • 60 to protect the photovoltaic element from harmful fumes and excessive thermal radiation in the interior. 8
- the cavity 3 is designed for guiding a coolant. Since, in this embodiment of the device according to the invention, the photovoltaic element 60 is located somewhat less directly in contact with the coolant, the carrier 20 preferably has a certain thermal conductivity.
- the contact layer 50 preferably also contributes to good thermal contact of the photovoltaic element 60 to the carrier 20 and thus to the coolant.
- FIG. 3 shows a thin-film photovoltaic element 63 on an elastic, flexible carrier 23, for example a thin-film carrier.
- a first functional layer 53 is located between the photovoltaic element 63 and carrier 23.
- a second functional layer 73 is located on the opposite side of the photovoltaic element 63.
- the contact layer 53 or the protective layer 73 is reversed or they are preferably designed to be multifunctional, ie the layers are additional heat protection filters or antireflection layers.
- the layers are additional heat protection filters or antireflection layers.
- surrounded by layers photovoltaic element 63 is introduced, for example, in a coolant-carrying cavity between two tubes.
- the thin-film photocell 63 can also be applied or clamped by means of the flexible carrier 23 onto a suitable second possibly inflexible carrier, for example a tube or a surface.
- the carrier 23 or the contact layer 53 serves as a means for discharging the energy generated.
- the arrangement of emitter, carrier, layers, photovoltaic element and terminating element may vary apart from the emitter and terminating element.
- a layer for. As an IR reflector, instead of on the cavity side, also on the interior side of the carrier, for. B. of the glass tube 2, 20, be attached.
- This has the advantage that the carrier is protected from IR radiation.
- the reflective filter layer u.U. no longer cooled very efficiently and at the same time is exposed to any existing flue gases between emitter and carrier.
- thin-film photovoltaic elements on a flexible substrate for.
- a polymer film on or apply. The film can be stretched on a curved or corrugated surface.
- This embodiment is particularly recommended when an inelastic, inflexible carrier, which is to carry the photovoltaic element, not or hardly suitable, directly, for. B. in a corresponding coating system to be coated.
- a photovoltaic element / layer structure may also be located on the cavity side of a termination element. It is important to ensure that the usable radiation emitted by the radiator is not undesirably absorbed by intervening cooling. This also applies if a layer, for. B. applied to a flexible carrier, located in the cavity between the fixed carrier and outer element.
- An end member is preferably omitted when no cavity is needed for cooling. This is especially the case when no cooling by means of liquid, but a cooling by means of ambient air is used, for example, when using a Peltier element.
- a carrier or an end element can also be a majority flat surface.
- the inventive TPV device or the generator has a plate-like structure. Since the attachment of thin-film elements is largely independent of the shape of the pad, the TVP device is in no way limited to a cylindrical or sheet-like structure. In particular, the use of thin film elements in combination with curved surfaces is best suited.
- thin-film photovoltaic elements materials that are used in the manufacture of IR detectors.
- materials with small band gaps such.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1512-01 | 2001-08-16 | ||
CH15122001 | 2001-08-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003017376A1 true WO2003017376A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
Family
ID=4565532
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/CH2002/000383 WO2003017376A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 | 2002-07-12 | Thermophotovoltaik-vorrichtung |
Country Status (1)
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WO (1) | WO2003017376A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7060891B2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-06-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermophotovoltaic generator apparatus |
WO2016092090A1 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Osram Gmbh | Photovoltaikmodul und photovoltaiksystem |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3433676A (en) * | 1964-10-21 | 1969-03-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Thermophotovoltaic energy convertor with photocell mount |
US5356487A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1994-10-18 | Quantum Group, Inc. | Thermally amplified and stimulated emission radiator fiber matrix burner |
DE19743356A1 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Thermophotovoltaischer Generator |
US6072116A (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-06-06 | Auburn University | Thermophotovoltaic conversion using selective infrared line emitters and large band gap photovoltaic devices |
DE19919023A1 (de) * | 1999-04-27 | 2000-12-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie durch thermophotovoltaische Konversion |
-
2002
- 2002-07-12 WO PCT/CH2002/000383 patent/WO2003017376A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3433676A (en) * | 1964-10-21 | 1969-03-18 | Gen Motors Corp | Thermophotovoltaic energy convertor with photocell mount |
US5356487A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1994-10-18 | Quantum Group, Inc. | Thermally amplified and stimulated emission radiator fiber matrix burner |
DE19743356A1 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-04-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Thermophotovoltaischer Generator |
US6072116A (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-06-06 | Auburn University | Thermophotovoltaic conversion using selective infrared line emitters and large band gap photovoltaic devices |
DE19919023A1 (de) * | 1999-04-27 | 2000-12-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie durch thermophotovoltaische Konversion |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
B. BITNAR: "A TPV system with silicon photocells and a selective emitter", 28TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 15 September 2000 (2000-09-15) - 22 September 2000 (2000-09-22), ANCHORAGE, USA, pages 1218 - 1221, XP002216453 * |
COUTTS T J: "An overview of thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity", SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 66, no. 1-4, February 2001 (2001-02-01), pages 443 - 452, XP004224708, ISSN: 0927-0248 * |
DATABASE INSPEC [online] INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; BITER P J ET AL: "A TPV system using a gold filter with CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cells", XP002216454, Database accession no. 5895293 * |
DATABASE INSPEC [online] INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; DHERE N G: "Appropriate materials and preparation techniques for polycrystalline-thin-film thermophotovoltaic cells", XP002216455, Database accession no. 5895292 * |
THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY. THIRD NREL CONFERENCE, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO, USA, MAY 1997, no. 401, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1997, AIP, USA, pages 423 - 442, ISSN: 0094-243X * |
THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY. THIRD NREL CONFERENCE, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO, USA, MAY 1997, no. 401, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1997, AIP, USA, pages 443 - 459, ISSN: 0094-243X * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7060891B2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-06-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermophotovoltaic generator apparatus |
WO2016092090A1 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Osram Gmbh | Photovoltaikmodul und photovoltaiksystem |
AU2015359270B2 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2018-06-14 | Tubesolar Gmbh | Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system |
US10978994B2 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2021-04-13 | Tubesolar Ag | Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system |
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