WO2003014304A2 - Formulation protonique - Google Patents

Formulation protonique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003014304A2
WO2003014304A2 PCT/US2002/024662 US0224662W WO03014304A2 WO 2003014304 A2 WO2003014304 A2 WO 2003014304A2 US 0224662 W US0224662 W US 0224662W WO 03014304 A2 WO03014304 A2 WO 03014304A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
total weight
eaf
formulation
gram
protein
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Application number
PCT/US2002/024662
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2003014304A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Ernest
Original Assignee
Doctor's Signature Sales And Marketing International Corp. [(Dba)] Life Force International
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doctor's Signature Sales And Marketing International Corp. [(Dba)] Life Force International filed Critical Doctor's Signature Sales And Marketing International Corp. [(Dba)] Life Force International
Priority to AU2002355542A priority Critical patent/AU2002355542A1/en
Publication of WO2003014304A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003014304A2/fr
Publication of WO2003014304A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003014304A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/01—Hydrolysed proteins; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/185—Vegetable proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • This present invention relates to an improvement in protein formulations, and more particularly to a formulation and mixture which unprotonates and stabilizes unprotonated amino acids for utilization within the body of greater concentrations of the dissociated amino acids.
  • a major component of most food groups is protein from which dietary energy and the basic 'building blocks' of and for the body are derived.
  • the proteins ingested by the body are not the same proteins required by the body nor, since they comprise large molecules, can they properly be absorbed and utilized without alteration by digestion.
  • protein When protein is ingested, it must first be digested to form the component amino acids needed by the body. These amino acids, when activated, are absorbed into the blood stream and/or are used to form other necessary protein-based molecules needed by the body. Amino acids are used in the body in several ways.
  • enzymes react with the protein to breakdown large protein molecules into smaller molecules of charged or ionized amino acids.
  • the enzymatic digestive process begins in the mouth during chewing to break down larger bites of food, secretion of saliva to moisten the foods and thereby aid in the chewing and break-down process, and secretion of alpha-amylase which initiates starch digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates into sugars.
  • the process continues in the stomach which is highly acidic. This acidity aids in destroying non-beneficial ingested bacteria, activates further enzymatic activity there, and initiates further protein digestion and activation process.
  • the digestive process continues further at the small intestine where activated amino acids are more readily absorbed into the blood stream and utilized in the reconstructive process of building, repairing, or maintaining as needed. Though most of the digestive process is completed at and within the small intestine, the large intestine completes the process if needed.
  • Proteins are a diverse group of biological molecules over which it is believed that several billions of protein groups are extant in nature. Regardless of such diversity, all protein groups generally share the same basic structure in that all are chains of sub-units known as amino acids of which there are 300 different amino acids extant in nature and only 20 occurring in natural biological proteins-these 20 amino acids are present in all known forms of life. When these different amino acids are arranged in different combinations they make up all the different protein groups.
  • the basic amino acid structure in proteins comprises a variable side chain ("R"), a carbon atom (“C”), an amino or nitrogen group (“NH2”), and a carboxyl group (“COOH”).
  • R variable side chain
  • C carbon atom
  • NH2 amino or nitrogen group
  • COOH carboxyl group
  • the primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence formed when a peptide bond joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid.
  • a long chain forms from many amino acids with one molecule of water being released with the formation of each peptide link.
  • the amino groups and the carboxyl groups comprise the terminal ends which become, or should become, activated (unprotonated) during the digestive process and, only when activated, become utilizable. If the amino acid does not become activated, it will not be utilized but ultimately will be eliminated from the body. The more amino acids activated, the greater utilization for repair, maintenance, and generation as needed.
  • enzymes ready ingested proteins into amino acids for activation. Once the amino acids are activated, if they are not utilized, they are eliminated. Pre- activated amino acids are in what is referred to as a protonated form, when activated they are in what is referred, to as an unprotonated form.
  • Carboxyl groups and amino groups are of biological functional groups of weak acids or weak bases. The dissociation behavior (i.e, activation), or protonic equilibria, of carboxyl groups and amino groups is based on their relative reaction to the intracellular pH levels to which exposed.
  • each carboxyl group and each amino group for a specific amino acid will remain in protonated form, or return to protonated form, based on the pH at which it dissociates (i.e., displaces or ionizes a hydrogen atom) and becomes unprotonated or activated (the protonic state).
  • the pH phase shifts upward and downward so too do the various phases of protonation/unprotonation of amino acids until they attain the respective pK level or are eliminated from the body.
  • the protonated form of an acid is also referred to as 'the acid' and the unprotonated form is referred to as the 'conjugate base' of 'the acid' (reference may also be reversed; i.e., a 'base' and its 'conjugate acid' where applicable).
  • the relative strengths of such weak acids and weak bases are expressed quantitatively as their dissociation constants which relates to their respective tendencies to ionize.
  • the dissociation constant is expressed by the letter "K" and, since the numerical values of K for weak acids and weak bases are negative exponential numbers, they are expressed in the following manner: "pK".
  • the pK is related to K as pH is to H + concentration.
  • the prevailing hydrogen ion concentration is numerically equal to the dissociation constant (K or pK).
  • K or pK dissociation constant
  • Amino acids have at least two ionizable weak acid groups; the carboxyl group ('- COOH') and the amino group ('-NH 3 1 ). In solution, generally only one of these two groups is charged (activated) and one is uncharged (non-activated).
  • ⁇ .' is the variable group side chain attached to the central carbon atom
  • R-COOH' and 'R-NH 3 +I represent the protonated or acidic couples in the equilibria
  • R-COO " ' AND r R-NH 2 ' represent the conjugate bases (also referred to a proton acceptor) of the respective corresponding acids.
  • the pK of different amino acids As the pH levels in the body change, the pK of different amino acids is achieved, the amino acids become activated and readily utilizable.
  • the pH level and, concomitantly, the pK may fluctuate back and forth, attaining and passing the protonic equilibria, attaining and losing the conjugate base and activated state, until some of the activated amino acids are utilized while the greater majority are eliminated, not utilized and, thereby, wasted.
  • One's ability to react to the various pH phase shifts caused during the digestive process and caused by various enzymes is affected by that person's age, health, dietary habits, and stresses of life.
  • One's ability to produce respective digestive enzymes efficiently and in sufficient quantity diminishes thereby decreasing the amounts of unprotonated amino acids within the digestive system and, concomitantly, decreasing the amounts utilized for building, repairing, and maintaining.
  • a protonic solution (unprotonated form) of amino acids several conditions must be present.
  • the pH and digestive substances must be readily available, there must be in sufficient quantities therefor, and there should be a stabilizing component to maintain the amino acids in their unprotonated form. Protein is readily available in supplements and in various food products.
  • Activating enzymes are available also in supplements and in the natural digestive process. What is not readily available is the unique formulation of the present invention; and a stabilizing component to maintain an unprotonated state, or within utilizable limits of an unprotonated state, of amino acids when in or near that state.
  • several objects and advantages of my invention are to: a. provide to a user utilizable amino acids (unprotonated state) prior to normal ingestion; b. stabilize unprotonated amino acids such that greater concentrations may be utilized; c. aid in the natural digestive process by stabilizing unprotonated amino acids which are activated by the natural digestive process thereby increasing the concentration of unprotonated amino acids available for utilization; d. provide a formulation which accomplishes all the above in an easy-to-prepare and easy-to-use manner.
  • the present invention contemplates a stabilized protonic mixture having a protonic formulation [PF] comprised primarily of proteins [PM], enzymes and pH adjusters [EAF], all in specific ratios to one another; a liquid medium which, when combined to the protonic formulation, initiates activation of the amino acids within the protonic formulation; and a stabilizing component which stabilizes the amino acids during the process of their activation.
  • PF protonic formulation
  • PM proteins
  • EAF pH adjusters
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of dissociation and utilization of amino acids during the normal digestive process.
  • Figures 2A and 2B are schematic views of dissociation and utilization of amino acids during the protonic digestive process
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates the normal digestive process.
  • the purpose of the figures is not to prove a hypothesis, but to visually demonstrate its concept and to aid in its understanding.
  • the square blocks containing reference characters 'u' through 'z' represent a protein source to be broken down into various protein molecules and their respective amino acids if conditions warrant.
  • the time line (T) at the bottom of the figure represents a time sequence and is not representative of time units (such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, and the like).
  • the pH values for each time line or time column are for illustrative purposes to assist in the visualization of an amino acid becoming activated or remaining non-activated or at various stages in between.
  • Reference letters 'A' through ⁇ ' represent various stages of the activation cycle, which, based on the pK for the specific amino acid and the current pH, may cycle from A to C and back to A or B; or may cycle from A to C to E for example.
  • A 5% activation
  • B 25% activation
  • C 100% activation (as near to the ideal pK value for that specific amino acid)
  • D 25% activation after having attained 100% activation without being utilized at full activation
  • E 25% activation also after having attained 100% activation without being utilized at full activation.
  • Reference character A with a circle therearound represents pre-activation.
  • Time phase 1 is the ingestion of the protein source followed shortly thereafter by the reaction phase of natural enzymes reacting upon the protein source at time phase 2.
  • the activation phase at time lines 3 and 4 includes the adsorption phase and part of the utilization phase.
  • Time lines 4-6 represent the utilization phase resulting ultimately in formation of a new protein molecule at time line 7.
  • protein source u-v-w-x-y-z has been broken down into and formed one tri-peptide amino acid molecule (u-v-w), one mono-peptide amino acid molecule (x) and one di-peptide amino acid molecule (y-z).
  • u-v-w tri-peptide amino acid molecule
  • x mono-peptide amino acid molecule
  • y-z di-peptide amino acid molecule
  • di-peptides can be further broken down to mono-peptides
  • tri-peptides can be further broken into di-peptides and ultimately mono- peptides as is illustrated in Figure 1 from time line 3 to time line 4 wherein the tri-peptide amino acid molecule (u-v-w) was further broken down into three mono-peptide amino acid molecules (u, v, and w).
  • amino acid u has become fully activated and will form part of the final new protein molecule in our example at time line 7 along with amino acid y-z, which passed over its full activation state and is utilized in a partially activated state.
  • the pK for amino acid u is about 6.4 whereas the pK for amino acid y-z is higher (less acidic) than 6.4 (see time line 4 at pH 6.6 at where it was in a fully activated state.
  • Amino acids w and x remained in a non-activated state during utilization and are therefore not utilized. Their pK could be at a higher or lower pH level; i.e., passed over it or had not yet attained it.
  • amino acid v As for amino acid v, from pH 6.5 to 6.4 (time lines 4 to 6) it reverted to A from C, while during the same time line periods amino acid y-z continued past C to E. This example suggests that the pK for amino acid v is slightly higher than the pK for amino acid y-z.
  • the protonic formulation (referred to as PF) of the present invention contains a protein mixture (referred to as PM and to be described below) and a mixture of enzymes and pH adjusters (for administrative clarity the enzyme-pH adjustor formulation will be referred to as enzyme activator formulation, identified as EAF, and also described below).
  • the specific enzymes and pH adjustors selected for the enzyme activator formulation are important for proper activation, pH adjustment, and attaimnent of pK for the amino acids and optimization of bio-availability of the amino acids.
  • the optimum ratio of enzyme activator formulation (EAF) to protein mixture is about 1 part EAF to 25 parts of protein mixture, though 1 part EAF to between about 10 to 30 parts protein mixture will function suitably for the intended purpose.
  • the EAF is optimally comprised of: a. Betaine HCl - 4.0% b. Pepsin - 1.5% c. Trypsin - 0.4% d. Chymotrypsin - 0.3% e. Protease - 0.4% f. Bromolein - 0.5% g. Papaya - 0.6% h. Vitamin C - 5.0% i. Lemon powder - 0.6% j. Glutamic acid - 0.2% k.
  • the protein sources and mixture I have found to work best with the enzyme activator formulation (EAF) above include the following in the following quantities: a. Whey protein isolate - 30.0% b. Instant whey concentrate - 15.0% c. Soy protein isolate - 25.0% d. Pea protein - 5.0% e. Rice protein - 5.0% f. Maltodextrin - 15.7% g. Steviocide - 0.3% h. French vanilla flavor - 1.75% (not a protein source) i. Peach mango flavor - 0.5% (not a protein source) j, Xanthan gum - 0,5% k. Lecithin - 0.5%
  • the above mixture of substances primarily protein sources, is referred to as the protein mixture [or PM]. Modifying these ratios (as expressed above by percentage amounts) by 20% up or down will, as with the EAF, still provide a suitable formulation suited for the intended purpose. I have found, however, that the optimum ratios, as expressed above in percentages, create the greatest beneficial synergistic effect on activation and ultimate utilization.
  • a serving size suited for the average person is about 26 grams which, optimally, comprise about 1 gram of the EAF and about 25 grams of the protein mixture.
  • the carrier for best activation, stabilization, and ultimate utilization is a liquid, preferably water, through any non-toxic liquid medium will suffice.
  • PF 26-gram protonic formulation
  • EAF and protein mixture between about 120-240 ml of water will suffice to initiate reaction and activation of the PF.
  • the activation process will initiate the cycles (pre-A through E and back, if warranted by the pH level and pK of the specific amino acids involved) as illustrated, by way of example, in Figure 1.
  • many amino acids, as in the normal digestive process will be spent, become non-utilizable, and will thereby be eliminated without utilization.
  • Stabilization is realized by application of approximately between 2-10 ml of glycerin in any form to the solution described above containing 26 grams of PF and 120-240 ml water. Optimum amount of glycerin, however, is 7.5 ml. This amount of glycerin, added to the 26 grams of PF and 180 ml water will produce the greatest amounts of stabilized amino acids.
  • the solution containing the PF, the liquid medium, and the stabilizing component is referred to as the protonic mixture.
  • Figure 2A and 2B represent the protonic process in conjunction with a normal digestive process.
  • Time lines 0 l5 0 2 , and 0 3 represent the protein source in the protonic formulation, the enzymes in the protonic formulation, and constitution of the two by a liquid medium, respectively. It is not until the r ⁇ constitution of the protonic formulation by the liquid medium that the protonic activation process begins. Thereafter, at time line 1, the protein source u-v-w-x-y-z is broken down into four mono-peptides (u, v, w, and x) and one di-peptide (y-z). At time lines 2 and 3, the activation cycle begins and it is here that stabilization must be initiated.
  • Stabilization does not inhibit continued activation or 'de- activation' (i.e., cycling from C to A or to E); but, does severely curtail such.
  • continued activation of pre-activated amino acids may result (as illustrated by amino acid x)
  • slight de- activation of pre-activated amino acids may result (as illustrated by amino acid y-z).
  • the pK for amino acid x is attained at a pH level which is slightly higher than pH 6.6 (see time lines 2 to 3) and the pK for amino acid y-z is at about pH level 6.5.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un mélange protonique stabilisé de formulation protonique (Figure 2A) comprenant principalement des protéines (Figure 2A), des enzymes et des agents d'équilibration du pH (Figure 2A), dans des rapports spécifiques les uns par rapport aux autres; un milieu liquide qui, lors qu'il est combiné à la formulation protonique, amorce l'activation des amino acides dans la formulation protonique; ainsi qu'un composant de stabilisation stabilisant les amino acides au cours du processus d'activation.
PCT/US2002/024662 2001-08-09 2002-08-02 Formulation protonique WO2003014304A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002355542A AU2002355542A1 (en) 2001-08-09 2002-08-02 Protonic formulation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31128001P 2001-08-09 2001-08-09
US60/311,280 2001-08-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003014304A2 true WO2003014304A2 (fr) 2003-02-20
WO2003014304A3 WO2003014304A3 (fr) 2003-05-01

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2088154A1 (fr) 2004-03-09 2009-08-12 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Procédés et compositions pour le traitement de troubles gastro-intestinaux
US8748573B2 (en) 2009-08-06 2014-06-10 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Formulations comprising linaclotide
US8802628B2 (en) 2008-08-15 2014-08-12 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable solid formulation of a GC-C receptor agonist polypeptide suitable for oral administration
US8933030B2 (en) 2010-02-17 2015-01-13 Ironwwod Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Treatments for gastrointestinal disorders
US9708371B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2017-07-18 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Treatments for gastrointestinal disorders
CN111066776A (zh) * 2019-11-09 2020-04-28 无锡市人民医院 一种卵子冷冻保护剂及其应用
US10675325B2 (en) 2010-08-11 2020-06-09 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable formulations of linaclotide

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1107824A (en) * 1964-06-16 1968-03-27 Mauvernay Roland Yves Effervescent enzyme compositions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1107824A (en) * 1964-06-16 1968-03-27 Mauvernay Roland Yves Effervescent enzyme compositions

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2088154A1 (fr) 2004-03-09 2009-08-12 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Procédés et compositions pour le traitement de troubles gastro-intestinaux
US8802628B2 (en) 2008-08-15 2014-08-12 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable solid formulation of a GC-C receptor agonist polypeptide suitable for oral administration
US8748573B2 (en) 2009-08-06 2014-06-10 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Formulations comprising linaclotide
US8933030B2 (en) 2010-02-17 2015-01-13 Ironwwod Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Treatments for gastrointestinal disorders
US10675325B2 (en) 2010-08-11 2020-06-09 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable formulations of linaclotide
US10702576B2 (en) 2010-08-11 2020-07-07 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stable formulations of linaclotide
US9708371B2 (en) 2011-08-17 2017-07-18 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Treatments for gastrointestinal disorders
CN111066776A (zh) * 2019-11-09 2020-04-28 无锡市人民医院 一种卵子冷冻保护剂及其应用

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AU2002355542A1 (en) 2003-02-24

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