WO2003007458A2

WO2003007458A2 - Collector motor comprising a cylindrical housing

Info

Publication number: WO2003007458A2
Application number: PCT/DE2002/002582
Authority: WO
Inventors: Udo Getta; Heiko Stahr
Original assignee: Temic Automotive Electric Motors Gmbh
Priority date: 2001-07-11
Filing date: 2002-07-11
Publication date: 2003-01-23
Also published as: WO2003007458A3; DE10133767A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a collector motor (1) comprising a cylindrical housing (3), which is easy to mount and easily adapted to different outer supply connection configurations and/or to different components of the brush plate, said brush plate (41) having otherwise identical components. The inventive collector motor is created by arranging a holding plate (43) for control elements, power switches and/or other electrical or electronic components for at least one motor, in the hollow cylindrical construction chamber (4) which is defined by the collector (35), the rotor winding (45), the motor housing (3), and the end plate (17) which closes the open front side (13) of the motor housing (3). The inventive collector motor (1) can be universally used by integrating the electronic control and power unit for at least one collector motor in an already existing motor housing (3), without necessitating more significant construction changes. A rapid adaptation of the collector motor (1) to different power requirements and conditions of use, such as in the automobile industry, as a drive motor for cooling ventilators and/or heating fans, is ensured at any time. The heat produced by means of the rotor (11) and the electronic components can be carried off without especially additional components in a reliable manner.

Description

Commutator motor with a cylindrical motor housing.

The invention relates to a commutator motor with a cylindrical motor housing of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Electric motors of the type mentioned are generally known. They usually comprise a pot-shaped or cylindrical housing, the open end faces of which can be closed by a bearing plate. Before this, the necessary electrical components are inserted into the interior of the motor housing, including a commutator and brushes contacting it in the case of a commutator motor.

From DE 41 29 651 AI an electromotive drive unit with an electric motor and a device for controlling or regulating the electric motor is known. This creates a compact unit, but this drive unit is less suitable for commutator motors.

Furthermore, a commutator motor is known from US Pat. No. 3,924,147 in which a printed circuit board is provided which has the printed conductor tracks on one side and the carbon brushes and other electrical components on the other side. A reference to the control of one or more motors by means of control and power electronics arranged on the printed circuit board cannot be found in this prior art. The removal of the heat generated by the electrical components should also cause problems. Furthermore, in such circuit arrangements, electronic components are electrically connected to the printed circuit board via their connecting wires, which in most cases also guarantees the (sole) mechanical mounting of the components on the printed circuit board, so that no separate holding means are provided. Especially with such components that are not arranged in the immediate vicinity of the circuit board or even rest on it, but are arranged over longer connecting wires at a certain distance from the circuit board, this can lead to problems such as, for. B. lead to vibration-related interference and / or to changes in position due to bending of the connecting wires. This is problematic for sensors, for example, if they have to be positioned precisely in relation to certain components in order to detect certain physical state variables.

Furthermore, from DE 197 36 300 AI an electric motor with integrated electronic control is known, in which thermal protection is arranged as an obstacle to heat exchange between the rotor and the control device. This thermal protection captures and dissipates the heat generated by the rotor and the control device. This thermal protection forms an additional component and cannot be used in existing engines without design changes. Also the carbon brushes grinding on the commutator and the electronic control elements arranged together on the brush support plate, whereby the vibrations caused by the carbon brushes and unavoidable have a negative impact on the electronic components or on their holders. This state of the art also gives no indication of the control of several motors.

Finally, EP 0489940 A1 discloses a brush system for a commutator motor with a sleeve-shaped insulating body which can be axially inserted into its motor housing and an axially insertable brush support plate held thereon with contact connections between the brush connections and external electrical supply connections. Both a brush support plate with a cast-in lead frame and an electronic plate are provided, which is, however, arranged between the brush support plate and the end shield. As a result, the creation of a commutator motor with a short axial extension is not possible. Nor can it be inferred from this prior art that the electronic connection plate has control elements or circuit breakers or semiconductors for controlling one or more motors. The brush support plate and the electronics plate must also be assembled separately. The invention is based on the object of providing a commutator motor with a cylindrical motor housing which, with a short axial length and compact construction, can be used universally with rapid adaptation to different performance requirements and operating conditions, in particular as a drive motor in the motor vehicle sector for, for. B. cooler fan, heater blower or other units without major design changes. Here, little different components and in particular already existing motor housings are to be used, with additional space requirements being avoided. The heat generated by the rotor and the electrical or electronic components should also be able to be safely dissipated without additional components. This object is achieved by the features characterized in claim 1.

The particular advantage of the commutator motor according to the invention is that the control and power electronics are arranged within the motor housing in the hollow cylindrical space which is limited by the commutator, the rotor winding, the motor housing and the end shield. It is also advantageous that the control of one or more motors is possible. By installing the control within the motor housing, there is no need for external components such as additional housings, cables and / or fastening elements. The commutator motor according to the invention does not require any additional installation space for the control and power electronics. B. affects when used in a motor vehicle fan. The brush bridge according to the invention can also be installed in existing motor housings, so that identical parts can be used. Thus, the commutator motor according to the invention can be connected to different external supply connection configurations and / or the different configurations of the brush bridge with simple means and with fewer different components. B. easily adaptable with interference suppression or detectors for speed detection.

Due to the advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the cooling air flow directed through the interior of the motor housing is bundled, with a main cooling air flow along the surface of the collector being achieved by the support collar. The chimney-like effect of the support collar increases the axial air velocity of the main air flow in such a way that the vacuum is further increased below the brush support plate. As a result, the secondary cooling air stream flowing between the edge of the brush support plate and the inner surface of the motor housing is further reinforced, which ensures that the electronic components such. B. ensures heat generated by the power semiconductor switch. According to the invention, the cooling air flow passing through the interior from the collector side to the driven side is divided into a main air flow 6 and a secondary cooling air flow 93.

Also by the advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of claim 19, the use of the commutator motor in units such as. B. enables in motor vehicles, vibrations can not lead to an early failure of the electronic components. According to the invention, the electronic components mounted on the holding board are locked at their free ends by locking recesses in the brush support plate.

Finally, the further developments of the subject matter of the claims 8 to 10 ensure low-friction guidance of the carbon brushes and good dissipation of the heat generated at the point of friction between the carbon brushes and the commutator.

Further advantageous refinements of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the further subclaims and the following description:

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a commutator motor,

2 shows a longitudinal section through the commutator according to FIG. 1 offset by 180 °, FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the brush bridge with the holding plate arranged at the top, FIG. 4 shows a view of the brush bridge with the holding plate arranged below, FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the brush carrier plate from below,

Figure 6 is a view of the brush support plate from above and

Figure 7 is a side view of the brush support plate. 1 shows a commutator motor 1, in particular as a drive motor in the motor vehicle sector, for. B. for radiator fan or fan heater with a cylindrical motor housing 3 shown. The inner peripheral surface 5 of the motor housing 3 has permanent magnets 7, which surround the rotor core 9 of the rotor 11. The two open end faces 13, 15 of the motor housing 3 can each be closed by a bearing plate 17, 19. The rotor shaft 21 of the rotor 11 is rotatably supported in bearings 23, 25 with ball bearings (not shown) in the end shields 17, 19. The carbon brushes 31, 33 guided in brush guide shafts 27, 29 and contacted with connecting lines, not shown, grind on the commutator 35. The carbon brushes 31, 33 are acted upon in a known manner by brush compression springs 37, 39.

The brush guide shafts 27, 29, with a brush support plate 41 holding them, consist of a one-piece molded part which consists of an electrically insulating plastic.

The brush guide shafts 27, 29 have on their inner circumferential surfaces 28, 30, which in particular form a square cross section, prism-like, radially projecting guide webs 32, 34 which are arranged perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 36 of the commutator 35. These guide webs 32, 34 enable low-friction guidance for the carbon brushes 31, 33. Furthermore, a holding board 43 for control elements such as controllers, power semiconductor switches 90 and / or other electrical or electronic components such as capacitors, rotation detection detectors, etc. in the installation space (2), which by the commutator 35, the motor housing 3, the brush support plate 41 and that End shield 17 and is limited by the rotor winding 45 of the rotor 11.

The electrical components or the electrical connections are brought into contact with one another via a lead frame 47 which is held on the brush support plate 41. According to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the lead frame 47 is detachably held, in particular via a latching connection, on the brush support plate 41. For this purpose, the leadframe has latching recesses into which latching pins which are fixedly arranged on the brush support plate 41 can be latched.

Within the scope of the invention, it is of course also possible for the lead frame to be cast into the brush support plate 41, which is made of an electrically insulating material, during its manufacture.

The punched grid 47 has separating webs 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 for producing a plurality of separate contact tracks 49, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, which are punched free after the local prepositioning of the punched grid 47 after assembly. The lead frame for pouring also has dividers which are punched free after the pouring. The by the commutator motor 1 in a known manner, for. B. in its use as a radiator air drive motor in a motor vehicle cooling air flowing into a main air cooling flow 6, which flows through the annular air gap 75, and in a secondary air flow 93, which flows between the outer circumference of the brush support plate 41 and the inner circumferential surface 5 of the motor housing 3 and for which Heat supply of the electrical and electronic components on the brush support plate 41 ensures divided. The main cooling air flow 6 is intended for the heat dissipation of the carbon brushes 31, 33 which are grinding on the commutator 35. The secondary cooling air flow 93 is further strengthened by the fact that the main cooling air flow 6 additionally generates an increased negative pressure below the holding plate 43 when it exits the ring air gap 75.

These measures achieve motor cooling in such a way that additional components for removing the heat from the interior of the commutator motor are not required.

The holding plate 43 is held at a distance from the brush support plate 41 and, together with this brush support plate 41, forms the brush bridge 69, which can be inserted axially from the end face 13 as a mounting part into the motor housing 3. The bearing plate 17 is then mounted.

Within the scope of the invention, the end shield 17 and the brush support plate 41 can also consist of an assembly component, the brush support plate 41 then having to have a bearing for a bearing of the rotor shaft 21. A passage opening 71 for the commutator 35 is provided in the brush support plate 41 and is surrounded by a cylindrical support collar 73. This support collar 73 is arranged upright toward the holding plate 43 and surrounds the commutator 35 with an annular air gap 75, as a result of which cooling air is bundled along the commutator 35. In addition, the support collar 73 serves as a heat protection element, which prevents the transfer of the heat generated at the commutator 35 to the electronic components on the brush support plate 41. Furthermore, the coal dust is removed via the chimney-like annular air gap 75.

For receiving the holding plate 43, the support collar 73 has at its free end 72 a receiving collar 74, which is provided on its outer peripheral surface 77 with radially outwardly projecting stop surfaces 79. The holding plate 43 is axially locked on the contact surfaces 79 in that the support collar 73 has resilient locking hooks 81, 83. The stop faces 79 are arranged axially offset from the end face 76 of the support collar 73 in relation to the brush support plate 41.

The brush guide shafts 27, 29, which are integrally molded onto the brush support plate 41, are arranged vertically on the support collar 73 with four side walls 10, 12, 14, 16, which in particular form a square cross section, one side wall 16 being integrated on the inner surface 18 of the brush support plate 41 and centrally has a ventilation slot 50 extending through the brush support plate 41. The removal of the heat generated by the carbon brushes 31, 33 is further favored by the fact that the laterally arranged side walls 12, 14 of the brush shaft ducts 27, 29 have ventilation slots 24, 26 running towards their free end faces 20, 22 for the passage of cooling air. The holding plate 43 is disc-shaped and consists of printed circuit board material. The electrical connection between the contact tracks in the brush support plate 41 and the contact tracks in the holding plate 43 is made by means of stud bolts 85, the ends of which are held securely to the contact points by means of soldered connections.

To ensure good ventilation of the mutator motor 1 z. B. to achieve as a drive motor for radiator fans, the two end shields 17, 19, which close the open end faces 13, 15 of the motor housing 3, openings 87, 89 for the passage of cooling air from the collector side to the drive side. The passage openings 87, 89 are arranged such that the cooling air is guided past the heat-critical points within the commutator motor 1. The direction of the cooling air flow 6 is shown in FIG. 2. The flow of cooling air into the annular air gap 75 is facilitated in that the cylindrical passage opening in the brush support plate 41 has a chamfered guide surface 88. The known motor cooling with a cooling air flow 100 from the collector side to the drive side is also sufficient for the electronic brush bridge according to the invention.

A long service life of the electrical and electronic components which are fastened on the holding board 43 is achieved according to the invention in that the free ends 80, 82, 84 of the components, such as, for. B. line semiconductor switch 90, capacitors 92 can be positively locked by the brush support plate 41. For this purpose, the brush support plate 41 has locking recesses 94, 86, 88, into which the free ends 80, 82, 84 of the electrical and / or electronic components are locked in a form-fitting manner. Since the electrical or electronic components, such as power semiconductor switches 90, capacitors 92, etc., are arranged on the holding board 43, this results in mechanical decoupling from the mechanically loaded points on the brush support plate 41. The cable connection 102 including strain relief are also arranged on the brush support plate 41. As a result, the holding plate 43 is also less mechanically loaded.

The brush bridge 69 is easy to use as an assembly module in the motor housing 3 in that the brush support plate 41 has a disk-shaped base plate 66, which is provided on its outer peripheral surface 46 with two retaining tabs 38, 40, which have recesses arranged in the end face 13 of the motor housing 3 96, 98 can be positively locked. The radial centering of the brush bridge 69 is provided in that the brush support plate 41 has radially stepped recesses 46, 48 arranged laterally next to the holding tabs 38, 40, which have the air passage slots for the secondary cooling air flow 93 between the brush support plate 41 and the inner peripheral surface 5 form the motor housing 3.

Claims

Claims:

1.The commutator motor with a cylindrical motor housing with permanent magnets held on its inside and with a rotor shaft mounted in bearings with a rotor laminated core attached to it, which receives a rotor winding connected to a commutator, carbon brushes sliding on the commutator being slidably mounted in brush guide shafts of a brush carrier plate, the brush carrier plate is provided with contact connections at least between the brush connections and external electrical supply connections and the collector passes through a passage opening in the brush support plate which can be inserted axially into the motor housing, characterized in that a holding plate (43) for control elements, circuit breakers and / or other electrical or electronic ones components for one or more motors in the hoHzylinderfb ^'shaped space (2) formed by the commutator (35), the rotor winding (45), the Motorgehäu se (3) and the bearing plate (17) which closes the open end face (13) of the motor housing (3) is arranged in such a way that the heat generated by the rotor (11) and by the electronic components is safe without special additional components is dissipatable.

2. Commutator motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding plate (43) between the brush support plate (41) and the rotor winding (45) is arranged.

3. commutator motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding plate (43) is held at a distance from the brush support plate (41) and together with the brush support plate (41) forms a two-component brush bridge (69) which is axially insertable into the motor housing (3).

4. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage opening (71) for the commutator (35) in the brush support plate (41) is surrounded by a cylindrical support collar (73) which is arranged upright towards the holding plate (43) and with its inner circumferential surface (70) surrounds the outer circumferential surface (36) of the commutator (35) concentrically in the longitudinal direction with an annular air gap (75), whereby a bundling of the cooling air and an increased axial air speed of the cooling air for better engine cooling are achieved.

5. commutator motor according to claim 4, characterized in that the support collar (73) at its free end (72) has a receiving collar (74) for the holding plate (43) and that the receiving collar (74) on its outer peripheral surface (77) with radial outwardly projecting abutment surfaces (79) are provided for supporting the holding plate (43), the abutment surfaces (79) being axially offset with respect to the end face (76) of the support collar (73) to the brush support plate (41).

6. commutator motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylindrical support collar (73) at its free end (72) has resilient latching hooks (81, 83) for latching the holding plate (43) when they rest against the stop surfaces (79).

7. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush support plate (41) and the brush guiding shafts (27, 29) consist of an integral plastic injection-molded part.

8. Commutator motor according to claim 7, characterized in that the brush guide shafts (27, 29) on their inner cross-sectional surfaces (28, 30) forming a square cross-section have prism-like, radially projecting guide webs (32, 34) which are perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface (36) of the commutator (35) are arranged.

9. commutator motor according to claim 8, characterized in that the brush guide shafts (27, 29) are arranged perpendicular to the support collar (73) with four side walls (10, 12, 14, 16) forming a square cross section, the one side wall (16 ) is arranged integrated on the inner surface (18) of the brush support plate (41) and has a ventilation slot (50) extending through the center of the brush support plate (41).

10. commutator motor according to claim 9, characterized in that the laterally arranged side walls (12, 14) of the brush guide shafts (27, 29) to their free end faces (20, 22) extending longitudinal ventilation slots (24, 26) for the passage of cooling air.

11. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical components or electrical connections are made to one another by at least one lead frame (47) which is held on the brush support plate (41).

12. Commutator motor according to claim 11, characterized in that the lead frame (47) is detachably, in particular via a latching connection on the brush support plate (41).

13. Commutator motor according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the contact ^• electrical components or electrical connections to one another takes place by at least one lead frame which is cast in the brush support plate (41) consisting of electrically insulating material. ,

14. commutator motor according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the lead frame (47) before locking with the brush support plate (41) or before pouring into the brush support plate (41) separating webs (57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67) between the contact tracks (49, 51, 53, 55) for their local prepositioning, which can be punched out after assembly or after casting.

15. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding plate (43) is disc-shaped and consists of printed circuit board material.

16. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that stud bolts (85) form the electrical connection between the lead frame (47) in the brush support plate (41) and the contact tracks in the holding plate (43).

17. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the open end faces of the cylindrical motor housing can be closed on both sides by a bearing plate, characterized in that the two bearing plates (17, 19) have passage openings (87, 89) for passage of cooling air from the collector side to driving side

have, the passage openings (87, 89) to the

critical heat points are arranged.

18. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylindrical passage opening (71) in the brush support plate (41) has a chamfered guide surface (88) for better bundling of the cooling air into the annular air gap (75), the one on the lower side (91) of the ring air gap (75) emerging cooling air flow creates an increased negative pressure below the holding plate (43) such that a secondary cooling air flow (93) through slots between the inner peripheral surface (5) of the motor housing (3) and the outer peripheral surface (42) of the brush bridge ( 69) flows.

19. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic and / or electrical components, such as capacitors (92), power semiconductor switches (90), etc., which are attached on one side to the holding board (43), are attached at their free ends (80, 82, 84 ) can be locked in a form-fitting manner by the brush support plate (41).

20. Commutator motor according to claim 19, characterized in that the brush support plate (41) has locking recesses 94, 86, 88, in which the free ends (80, 82, 84) of the electrical and / or electronic components can be locked in a form-fitting manner.

21. Commutator motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush support plate (41) has a disk-shaped base plate (66) which is provided on its outer peripheral surface (46) with two retaining tabs (38, 40) which in the End face (13) of the motor housing (3) arranged locking recesses (96, 98) can be positively locked.

22. Commutator motor according to claim 21, characterized in that the brush support plate (41) laterally of the holding tabs (38, 40) has circular stop surfaces (42, 44) which bear against the cylindrical inner peripheral surface (5) of the motor housing (3) in a form-fitting manner.

23. Commutator motor according to claim 22, characterized in that the brush support plate (41) between the laterally next to the holding tabs (38, 40) arranged circular stop surfaces (42, 44) has radially stepped recesses (46, 48) which the air passage slots between the Form the brush support plate (41) and the inner peripheral surface (5) of the motor housing (35) for the auxiliary cooling air flow.