WO2003006136A1 - Procede de filtration d'ecoulement de fluide et filtres a cet effet - Google Patents

Procede de filtration d'ecoulement de fluide et filtres a cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003006136A1
WO2003006136A1 PCT/US2002/021470 US0221470W WO03006136A1 WO 2003006136 A1 WO2003006136 A1 WO 2003006136A1 US 0221470 W US0221470 W US 0221470W WO 03006136 A1 WO03006136 A1 WO 03006136A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
fluid
filter
wool
flow
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/021470
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert A. Carlson
Original Assignee
American Metal Fibers, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Metal Fibers, Inc. filed Critical American Metal Fibers, Inc.
Publication of WO2003006136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003006136A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/04—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls
    • B01D24/08—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls the filtering material being supported by at least two pervious coaxial walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/04—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being clamped between pervious fixed walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B01D29/216—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets with wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B01D39/2041—Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/04—Supports for the filtering elements
    • B01D2201/0407—Perforated supports on both sides of the filtering element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
    • B01D2201/088—Arrangements for killing microorganisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to industrial production coolant systems and situations where water and/or water oil emulsions need to be filtered in a recirculating system, and more particularly to means for reducing bacteria and other particulate matter from a recirculating fluid.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,833,853 provides a level of filtration that effectively blocks particulates from passing tlirough a filter such that the filter does not clog, plug or otherwise reduce the flow of fluid through the filter.
  • the manufach ring process described in that patent includes the steps of spirally winding a metallic wool around a perforated tube, under pressure, and lapping the wool at an acute angle to form a barrier to the particles one wishes to block with the filter.
  • the metallic wool can have a fiber diameter in a range of from 12 microns to 150 microns. Finer wools are preferably utilized to filter finer particulate matter.
  • Filters are often used in machining and grinding centers where a liquid coolant is directed in a steady stream to cool the work and cutting tool.
  • This coolant usually comprises water with a small amount of oil in an emulsified state or oil. After lubricant is directed against the part being worked, the coolant flows down and is collected in a sump and is then drawn through a filter and reused.
  • a method of filtering flowing fluid containing undesirable particulates and bacterial constituents so as to remove the particulates and reduce the bacterial constituents therefrom comprising a step of providing an enclosed channel for the fluid to flow therethrough and a step of passing the fluid flow through a filter material, disposed within the channel and in the path of the fluid flow, wherein the filter material comprises a metal alloy consisting primarily copper and zinc, and the material further comprises a metal fiber wool consisting of metal fibers having an average diameter in a range of from 12 microns to 150 microns, whereby the fluid containing the bacterial constituents contacting with the fibers of the metal fiber wool provides a bactericide effect and further inhibits the propagation of bacteria and inhibits particulates from flowing through the filter material.
  • a radial-flow fluid filter having a production tubing of a predetermined outer diameter Dl, comprising a length L of multi-perforate pipe being much larger than Dl, the multi-perforate pipe having an outer diameter corresponding to the diameter of a surrounding filter housing, a plurality of overlapping layers of at least one strip of fibrous metal filter wool wound around the exterior of the length L of multi-perforate pipe, so that adjacent layers are aligned with each other, the metal filter wool comprising a metal containing copper (Cu), and a multi-perforate tubular shell fitting tightly around the outermost layer of the copper containing fibrous metal wool.
  • Cu metal containing copper
  • the a multi-perforate shell disposed around the outermost layer of metal wool has a shell with an inner diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter D2 of the outermost layer of wool and a tubular metal mesh encompassing the exterior of the pipe between the pipe and the innermost layer of metal wool, the tubular mesh being a woven mesh of stainless steel.
  • the metal of the fiber wool layers is a brass alloy further comprising between 50 to 90 weight % copper and from 10 to 50 weight % zinc, and has a preferable density in a range between 0.4 g /cm 3 to 2.5 g/cm 3 , a more preferred density m a range between 0.5 g/cm 3 and about 1.5
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a filter made in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • filters according to the present invention are for use in the above described machining and grinding centers where liquid coolant is left stagnant for periods of time, thereby fostering the generation of bacteria.
  • filters were wound with a metal wool according to the present invention, preferably a metal wool comprising a majority portion of brass (copper-zinc alloy) with trace or minimal other additive metals or active chemicals.
  • the coolant is drawn through the metal fiber wound filter 10, as shown in Fig. 1, with the result that the bacteria level is dramatically reduced.
  • the metal wool material may take various forms, but the metal fiber wool windings 12 of filter 10 can comprise metal fibers having a fiber diameter of 12 microns to 150 microns.
  • the metal fiber wool strands are preferably wound on an inner perforated tube 14, having perforations 16, in accordance with the teachings of aforementioned commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 5,833,853, as shown, that is designed to fit into the machining center filter system (not shown).
  • the metal fiber wool may comprise a wound mat (not shown) that is directly wound onto a perforated pipe, as is described in aforementioned PCT Application No. PCT/US02/08998.
  • a second outer perforated tube 20 may be optionally placed over the inner perforated tube 14 and over wound metal fiber wool windings 12 to provide mechanical protection to the wound wool fibers, and to maintain the metal wool fibers in proper compression.
  • the metal comprising fiber windings 12 is preferably brass, that is, an alloy of copper and zinc and can contain 50 to 90% copper with the balance zinc, and optionally together with other trace metals. It is desirable to use lead free brass wool in the filters in order to reduce any possible lead contamination and so the filters may be utilized also in a drinking water filtration application.
  • the outer perforated tube includes outer perforations 22 for contaminated fluid inflow, an end cap 214 and an enclosing flange 26, which may be bent from the opposite end of tube 20 from the cap 24 toward the inner perforated tube 14.
  • the outer tube 20 is attached to the inner tube 14 by an appropriate means, such as welding or spot welding 28, and the end cap 24 is also attached to the outer surface of tube 20 by welding 28.
  • the construction of the filter 10 is essentially identical to those of the aforementioned patent or application.
  • Another application for a brass wool metallic filter is for filtering the water in cooling towers and in refrigeration and air conditioner systems. Cooling towers operate in the open in heat and weather. The accumulation of bacteria in cooling tower water can render them ineffective in a short time if nothing is done to control the bacteria.
  • the metal wool filter disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,833,853 when wound with a brass wool not only is effective in removing particulate debris from the cooling water, but also effectively reduces the bacteria level without the need for chemical treatments.
  • the field samples of bacteria are taken after each pass and cultured on a plate.
  • the bacterial numbers on the field samples were estimated by performing a standard plate count test and the results forwarded to AMFI.
  • bacteria varieties will be investigated to a greater degree to determine the types of bacteria which the inventive filtering device and method has the greatest effect.
  • filters 10, 120 and 122 also provide significant additional benefits because of its structure. Because of the fine thread construction of the metal fibers, the surface area of the metal exposed to the passing fluid far exceeds the surface area to volume ratio of the prior art chip type microbial treatment systems, for example, that described and illustrated in aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 5,198,118, which require a significantly greater amount of volume, and thus, of weight of the brass or other metal chips to produce the same anti-microbial effect as the filter material made according to the present invention.
  • the ability to provide the bacteriocidal function in less volume provides several benefits, including the cost reduction in the procurement of metal, the reduced volume requirements permitting better in-line placement of a circulating fluid, easier replacement procedures, etc.
  • Another significant advantage is the ability to also filter out particulate chips or other solid impurities that may become entrained in the recirculating fluid, thereby omitting the need for a separate filtering mechanism.
  • This inventive type of filter 10, 120,122 is especially useful in applications in which solid particulates are naturally expected, for example, in an industrial application for cooling coolant in a milling machine where metallic chips are entrained in the coolant, or an air conditioning system, in which the cooling fluid is exposed to the elements and can attract solid particulates, such as insects.
  • filter material made according to the present invention under controlled conditions and utilizing known efficiency standards, for example ASTMF 795.
  • each of the inventive filters showed a filtering efficiency of over 50% for particles having a diameter between 10 and 100 microns, with the filtering efficiency for particles over 30 microns being close to 100%.
  • the following table shows the filtering efficiency of three separate filters, two of which are made in accordance with this invention, indicating the ability to produce filters having a significant filtering efficiency.
  • the particulates that were injected into the fluids as contaminants were generally a sieved test dust with ceramic spheres.
  • Tests were also performed in a recirculating fluid stream to text for solid particulate filtration efficiency, and unexpected results were obtained that showed good filtration and also, as indicated above, simultaneously provided a bacteriocidal capacity.
  • the filtration results showing the number of solid particulates of varying average diameter which were filtered, produce results in excess of any filtering capacity of known particulate filters of this type.
  • the following chart indicates the effectiveness of essentially complete filtration, especially as the particulate size is above about 60-70 microns.
  • filters 10, 120 and 122 also provide significant additional benefits because of its structure. Because of the fine thread construction of the metal fibers, the surface area of the metal exposed to the passing fluid far exceeds the surface area to volume ratio of the prior art chip type microbial treatment systems, for example, that described and illustrated in aforementioned U.S. Patent No. 5,198,118, which require a significantly greater amount of volume, and thus, of weight of the brass or other metal chips to produce the same anti-microbial effect as the filter material made according to the present invention.
  • This ability to provide the bacteriocidal function in less volume provides several benefits, including the cost reduction in the procurement of metal, the reduced volume requirements permitting better in-line placement of a circulating fluid, easier replacement procedures, etc.
  • Another significant advantage is the ability to also filter out particulate chips or other solid impurities that may become entrained in the recirculating fluid, thereby omitting the need for a separate filtering mechanism.
  • This inventive type of filter 10, 120,122 is especially useful in applications in which solid particulates are naturally expected, for example, in an industrial application for cooling coolant in a milling machine where metallic chips are entrained in the coolant, or an air conditioning system, in which the cooling fluid is exposed to the elements and can attract solid particulates, such as insects.
  • filter material made according to the present invention under controlled conditions and utilizing known efficiency standards, for example ASTMF 795 and ISO 16889.
  • filter materials having a filter wall thickness of between 0.25" to 0.75" (0.635 to 1.9 cm) in various fluid materials, for example, water and H 5606 oil, flowing at different rates, and having solid particulates of different sizes entrained therein.
  • each of the inventive filters showed a filtering efficiency of over 50% for particles having a diameter between 10 and 100 microns, with the filtering efficiency for particles over 30 microns being close to 100%.
  • the following table shows the filtering efficiency of three separate filters, two of which are made in accordance with this invention, indicating the ability to produce filters having a significant filtering efficiency.
  • the particulates that were injected into the fluids as contaminants were generally a sieved test dust with ceramic spheres.
  • Tests were also performed in a recirculating fluid stream to text for solid particulate filtration efficiency, and unexpected results were obtained that showed good filtration and also, as indicated above, simultaneously provided a bacteriocidal capacity.
  • the filtration results showing the number of solid particles of varying average diameter which were filtered, produce results in excess of any filtering capacity of known particulate filters of this type.
  • the following chart indicates the effectiveness of essentially complete filtration, especially as the particulate size is above about 60-70 microns.
  • a metal fiber wool insert 120 is made by overlaying several layers of metal wool fibers over each other to provide a filter pad 122 mass having a desired profile shape that corresponds to a receptacle for enclosing and retaining the metal wool pad insert.
  • the receptacle may be a single container comprised of longitudinal walls 124, shown in 10 Fig. 2 as being cylindrical, but in essence may take any enclosed or sealed shape.
  • a perforated wall 126 extends essentially transverse to the longitudinal extension of walls 124, the perforated wall 126 extending essentially perpendicular to a fluid flowing through the container defined by walls 124, shown by Arrow A.
  • a second transverse wall 128 is shown as being perforated, that is having perforations 5 130, but this perforated wall 128 is an optional.
  • either or both walls may be replaced by a perforated screen (not shown) or any other solid porous retaining member that contains the filter pad 122 in position so as to contain complete fluid flow to a path only through pad 122.
  • two solid porous transverse walls 126, 128 be used that not 0 only contain the fluid flow in the desired path, but also provide the ideal compression between the surfaces contacting the pad 122 to produce a filter retaining an appropriate density for filtering out the particulates entrained in the flowing fluid.
  • FIG. 3 Another alternative embodiment 220 is shown in cross-section in Fig. 3.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 3 is similar to the form of a stand alone fluid filter Fig. 2, with the exception that the filter chamber is formed in two separate sections of an in-line tube that may be attached at either of its ends, an inflow end and an outflow end, in-line to a fluid recycling system.
  • a pair of corresponding halves of a longitudinal receptacle are provided so that joining of the two halves produces a confining container for retaining a metal fiber wool pad 122, as in the embodiment of filter 120 shown in Fig. 2.
  • Each half of the receptacle 270 includes a longitudinal wall 222, 224, respectively, and an essentially transverse wall 226, 228, disposed adjacent the longitudinal end of each longitudinal wall 222, 224.
  • the transverse wall 226 is inset a short distance from the end lip of longitudinal wall 222 and wall 228 is inset from the end lip of wall 224.
  • the transverse walls 226, 228 include perforations 230, which permit fluid to flow through the receptacle 220 in the direction of Arrow A.
  • connection method is the ability to accurately and precisely provide a dimension D, that is the longitudinal dimension between the inner surfaces of the transverse perforated walls 226, 228 so that the metal fiber wool pad insert 122 is precisely compressed to provide the required density of the fibers, thereby producing an optimal filtering capability for particulates of a specified size. Accordingly, the feature for which close tolerances are required are the end prints of screw thread connections 236, which must engage when the optimal distance D is reached.
  • the metal is a brass wool insert and is retained in place by two perforated metallic sieves or screens 226, 228 that compress the brass wool to a desired compression and density range so as to provide optimal filtering characteristics.
  • the preferable method of forming the insert is by needle punching the brass wool fibers to achieve the desired density and porosity, and then compressing the known thickness of insert 122 to achieve the desired density.
  • Fig. 2 is in the form of a stand alone fluid filter that may be attached at either of its ends, an inflow end and an outflow end, in-line to a fluid recycling system, as described with reference to the embodiments above.
  • the fluid filter is placed within the receptacle chamber between two perforated metallic sieves 226, 228 so that fluid flowing through the chamber is forced to pass through the brass wool filter material.
  • the filter provides adequate filtering capacity to maintain a minimal pressure drop across the filter chamber, and the density and porosity of the filter material is maintained to a level conducive with the requirement that the fluid is permitted to pass through the filter.
  • the brass wool insert is manufactured as a replacement part for inserting into the tube ends, so that when the housing portions are attached to each other by a an appropriate means, such as a threaded connection, as shown, the compression pressure produced by the two perforated sieve plates is sufficient to cause the brass wool material to achieve the desired density and porosity.
  • the fluid flowing through the chamber is forced to pass through the brass wool filter material to clean it of bacteria.
  • One advantage of the fluid filter 220 is that the insert metal wool pad 122 is replaceable, when desired or when the filtering capacity is reached.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de filtration d'écoulement de fluide de façon à retirer des particules indésirables et des constituants bactériens et des filtres à fluide destinés à mettre en oeuvre ce procédé. Ce procédé consiste à prendre un canal fermé destiné à un écoulement de fluide et à faire passer cet écoulement de fluide à travers un matériau (120, 122) filtre placé dans ce canal. Ce matériau filtre comprend un alliage métallique constitué principalement de cuivre (Cu) et de zinc à fibres métalliques dont le diamètre moyen est compris entre 12 microns et 150 microns. Ce procédé consiste aussi à mettre ce fluide en contact avec les fibres de cette laine (120, 122) à fibres métalliques offrant un effet bactéricide et inhibant une nouvelle propagation des bactéries et des particules par un écoulement à travers ce matériau filtre. Ces filtres à fluide peuvent être un filtre de fluide à écoulement radial (10) comprenant un tuyau (14) à multiples perforations et une pluralité de couches de bandes de laine (12) métallique fibreuse se superposant et comprenant une laine métallique contenant du cuivre (Cu), ou un filtre à fluide à écoulement en ligne comprenant un canal (124, 222) de fluide et un matériau (120, 122) filtre placé dans ce canal (124, 222) de fluide, ce matériau (120, 122) filtre comprenant une laine à fibres métalliques en alliage métallique constitué principalement de cuivre (Cu) et de zinc dont le diamètre moyen des fibres métalliques est compris entre 12 microns et 150 microns. Une coque (20) à perforations multiples du filtre (10) à fluide à écoulement radial peut posséder un diamètre intérieur approximativement égal au diamètre extérieur de la couche la plus externe de laine et un maillage métallique tubulaire entourant l'extérieur du tuyau (14) entre ce tuyau (14) et la couche la plus externe de laine (12) métallique, ce maillage métallique étant un maillage tissé d'acier inoxydable. Le métal des couches de laine (12) de fibres est un alliage laiton possédant entre 50 % et 90 % de cuivre en poids et entre 10 % et 50 % de zinc en poids, de préférence une densité comprise entre 0,4 g/cm3 et 2,5 g/cm3, mieux, une densité comprise entre 0,5 g/cm3 et environ 1,5 g/cm3, et encore mieux, une densité de 0,8 g/cm3 approximativement.
PCT/US2002/021470 2001-07-10 2002-07-08 Procede de filtration d'ecoulement de fluide et filtres a cet effet WO2003006136A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30437001P 2001-07-10 2001-07-10
US60/304,370 2001-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003006136A1 true WO2003006136A1 (fr) 2003-01-23

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2421946A (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-07-12 Armfield Holdings Ltd Treating water with copper and zinc wire
US20150258478A1 (en) * 2012-11-01 2015-09-17 Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever Filter medium containing fibres
WO2019006729A1 (fr) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 易达科技（深圳）有限公司 Filtre à fibre radiale
US11866545B1 (en) 2023-03-23 2024-01-09 United Arab Emirates University Anti-microbial bi-metallic polymeric composite

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2819800A (en) * 1954-10-08 1958-01-14 Metal Textile Corp Filtering apparatus and filter unit therefor
US5378370A (en) * 1990-03-15 1995-01-03 Wm. R. Hague, Inc. Water treatment tank
US5711879A (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-01-27 American Metal Fibers Radial-flow filter and method of manufacture
US5833859A (en) * 1984-04-30 1998-11-10 Kdf Fluid Treatment, Inc. Method for treating fluids
US6197193B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2001-03-06 Virgil L. Archer Drinking water filter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2819800A (en) * 1954-10-08 1958-01-14 Metal Textile Corp Filtering apparatus and filter unit therefor
US5833859A (en) * 1984-04-30 1998-11-10 Kdf Fluid Treatment, Inc. Method for treating fluids
US5378370A (en) * 1990-03-15 1995-01-03 Wm. R. Hague, Inc. Water treatment tank
US5711879A (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-01-27 American Metal Fibers Radial-flow filter and method of manufacture
US5833853A (en) * 1996-03-04 1998-11-10 American Metal Fibers, Inc. Radial-flow filter and method of manufacture
US6197193B1 (en) * 1999-10-21 2001-03-06 Virgil L. Archer Drinking water filter

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2421946A (en) * 2005-01-11 2006-07-12 Armfield Holdings Ltd Treating water with copper and zinc wire
GB2421946B (en) * 2005-01-11 2010-03-17 Armfield Holdings Ltd Water treatment
US20150258478A1 (en) * 2012-11-01 2015-09-17 Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever Filter medium containing fibres
WO2019006729A1 (fr) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-10 易达科技（深圳）有限公司 Filtre à fibre radiale
US11866545B1 (en) 2023-03-23 2024-01-09 United Arab Emirates University Anti-microbial bi-metallic polymeric composite

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