WO2003004565A2 - Element optique - Google Patents

Element optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003004565A2
WO2003004565A2 PCT/EP2002/007543 EP0207543W WO03004565A2 WO 2003004565 A2 WO2003004565 A2 WO 2003004565A2 EP 0207543 W EP0207543 W EP 0207543W WO 03004565 A2 WO03004565 A2 WO 03004565A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mass
molded body
less
mold
particularly preferably
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/007543
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003004565A3 (fr
Inventor
Rüdiger Nass
Martin Stadtwald-Klenke
Original Assignee
Nanogate Technologies Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanogate Technologies Gmbh filed Critical Nanogate Technologies Gmbh
Priority to EP02767183A priority Critical patent/EP1417263A2/fr
Priority to AU2002331341A priority patent/AU2002331341A1/en
Publication of WO2003004565A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003004565A2/fr
Publication of WO2003004565A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003004565A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the present invention thus deals with optical components and their production.
  • Optical components serve to influence the propagation of light. In order to achieve this in a predetermined manner, compliance with various, often divergent properties must be ensured, which is why intensive efforts have been directed in the past to improve the production of optical components and layers.
  • a method for producing optical layers has been proposed in DE 198 40 525 A1, in which a coating composition prepared by the sol-gel method and containing a high-boiling solvent was sprayed onto a substrate and heat-treated.
  • the thickness of the wet film formed during spraying should be a factor of 8 above the desired dry film thickness.
  • a method for producing thermally deformed substrates coated with a sol-gel lacquer is known from DE 198 40 009 A1. The use of these substrates as abrasion protection for lenses and for displays is mentioned.
  • a method for producing optical multilayer systems is described in DE 198 23 732 AI. It's supposed to be nanoscale inorganic solid particles with polycondensable and / or polymerizable flowable compositions are applied to a glass substrate and the layer is crosslinked. This is repeated and then thermal compression takes place. A multilayer structure with layers of different refractive indices is said to result in interference filters and / or antireflection layers. Also mentioned are the holographic information storage, embossable layers such as the lighting of flat screens and the production of micro-optical elements such as waveguides, gratings, pinholes, diffraction gratings, as well as in the field of display technology, fiber chip coupling and imaging optics.
  • Nanocomposites for optical elements are also described in DE 41 33 621 AI. Mentioned i.a. tunable structured elements such as filters or waveguides, optical switches, bleachable absorbers and photoelectrochemical solar cells.
  • DE 197 46 885 AI describes, according to the title, nanostructured moldings and layers and processes for their production.
  • the formation of transparent shaped bodies and the sol synthesis for layers of high and low refractive index are described as examples.
  • nanostructured materials are discussed that are produced by compressing nanoscale particles with diameters in the lower nanometer range. should be cash.
  • nanostructured materials or moldings can also be produced by wet chemistry, namely by providing a nanoscale inorganic solid particle with flowable mass containing polymerizable and / or polycondensable organic surface groups, introducing the mass into a substrate and polymerizing or polycondensing the organic surface groups inorganic solid particles to form a hardened shaped body or a hardened layer.
  • the shaped bodies described in DE 197 46 885 A1 are those which have a structure in the nanometer range due to the presence of nanoparticles.
  • DE 196 30 100 AI describes a manufacturing process for a shaped body for optical purposes, in which a common radical polymerization of a certain precondensate is provided, the shaped bodies being intended to be distinguished by high transparency and homogeneity, etc.
  • WO 00 / 74026A1 relates to a light . itpanel with a light source and a panel element.
  • the panel element is made of a substantially transparent material in order to transmit light. It should be designed so that it acts as a wave guide panel, within which the light spreads with total reflection and is coupled out with a diffractive decoupling system.
  • a decoupling system such as a lattice structure or the like should be adapted to cover the entire panel element, as far as its light surface is concerned, so that divergent recesses and / or furrows of different ' sizes and / or shapes are used to divergent local grids of different sizes and / or to generate shapes, such as multiform and / or binary pixels and / or units, whose fill factor, shape, profile and / or size is optimized such that the diffraction efficiency is location-dependent.
  • WO 00/7402 5A1 relates to a light display means, the display means element of which can be illuminated with a light source.
  • the display center element is formed from a substantially transparent material, which is provided with an informative display pattern.
  • the display center element is formed as a wave guide panel, in which light beams propagate under total reflection and are coupled out therefrom with a diffractive decoupling system, such as a lattice structure or the like, which is configured as a display center pattern to produce a display pattern which can be activated in the display center element. by means of a lighting effect, again with divergent recesses and / or furrows of different sizes.
  • Furrows of different sizes and / or shapes or multiforme and / or binary pixels and / or units require the precise observance of very fine geometric structures with high accuracies, typically in the sub-micrometer range. This places high demands on the manufacturing process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.
  • a first essential aspect of the present invention thus consists in the fact that in a method for producing a molded body with a geometric submicrostructure, it is provided that the mold is brought into contact with a flowable mass which is curable in the mold and has a degree of shrinkage when curing less than 20 percent.
  • Grid arrangements which are modulated in the range from and / or below 200 nm can thus be produced according to the invention, which offers advantages, inter alia, in the production of planar and / or wedge-shaped optical waveguides with light cross-coupling structures with a large aspect ratio, as are customary for Backlight systems such as for .PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), displays for mobile phones, laptops and other flat screen technologies, for influencing the angle of light emission in light-emitting diodes and / or diode systems such as in traffic management systems, optical data communication, in particular with fiber optics, DVD / CD / CDRW- etc.- laser diodes, VCSELs and RCLEDs, relief holograms and / or others Optical information storage, required optical systems such as lenses and the like, in particular for high-resolution lens systems with a small overall depth, such as can be used in videophone technology,
  • the good moldable aspect ratio in backlight systems in particular embedded as possible according to the invention and / or how conventionally not embedded light sources such as LEDs and / or OLEDs are illuminated mono- and / or especially polychromatic, in particular white or quasi-white, can also achieve uniformly bright illumination over a large area, in particular when this is the case Structures are optimized, ie have a spatial modulation as required.
  • the optical element formed with the coating composition is formed for the homogenized or homogenizing coupling-out of a light intensity, which is easily possible and can be implemented thanks to the material properties.
  • a stripe and / or cross-modulated structure with varying spacing can be provided for wedge mirrors in backlight systems. In this way, diffusers can be avoided and the light yield can be improved by using only one element.
  • the materials and methods according to the invention for backlight systems in which a multitude of colored LEDs are used for lighting.
  • the LEDs can be arranged in particular on the edges of the flat backlight systems, in particular in the corners. It is possible to arrange LEDs with different colors in different corners or at different edge points.
  • the light energy from the respective LEDs is then transferred via suitable achromatic holograms or. achromatic grading of the entire area.
  • the hologram structures can be formed by elevations and depressions in the material molding.
  • elevations and depressions can either be binary, ie there is either an elevation to exactly a certain height or a depression to a depth that is the same for all wells and not specifically inhomogeneous for each well; However, it is preferred if a discretization takes place at several levels at the same time, ie there is not simply an increase to exactly the same standard height, but this height or depression is spatially set.
  • backlight systems for lighting by light sources in particular with a plurality of wavelengths and / or wavelength ranges, in particular from different directions with different predetermined heights, protection is claimed per se and independently of the material, and a separable invention is also seen herein.
  • the molded body is preferably thin; the method will therefore tend to be directed, at least not primarily, to the production of approximately thick optical lenses, although these too can be provided and / or formed with a sub-microstructured surface. The reason for this are the remaining volume effects which may have a negative effect on the residual shrinkage to large thicknesses.
  • the total molded body thicknesses are therefore preferably between 5 and 250 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 and 250 ⁇ m. Smaller thicknesses make handling the finished molded article more difficult. Because of the good results achieved in practical tests, preferred thicknesses are between 5 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the shrinkage can be kept low by using a mass which comprises at least one prepolymerized and / or precondensed component.
  • a mass which comprises at least one prepolymerized and / or precondensed component.
  • inorganic-organic matrix formers such as silanes, silicones, ormocers, crosslinkable and / or crosslinking organometallic compounds, in particular of the form Me-0-R x and / or similar hyride compounds, where R comprises a crosslinkable component, in particular, for example, those with amine, carboxyl, allyl, epoxy, acrylic, hydroxyl groups, amides, acid chlorine de / cyanates, isocyanates, imines, imides, phosphines, phosphonates, pyrophosphates, sulfonates and combinations thereof.
  • a pre-crosslinking which reduces the shrinkage in a positive manner without influencing the overall properties, in particular in the case of optical moldings of high transparency, homogeneity and / or refractive index, dispersion behavior, etc.
  • a composition can be used which comprises at least one prepolymerized and / or precondensed component based on unsaturated polyester, unsaturated polyether and / or unsaturated polyurethanes. These have proven themselves particularly when used with metal, glass and / or glass-like and / or Si shapes. Again, the use of these molds is particularly preferred because they can be easily produced.
  • the mass must be flowable. However, if it is too thin, turbulence can occur when it flows onto the sub-microstructure or when it flows into a cavity encased in the form, with the subsequent inclusion of air bubbles. If it is too viscous, the geometric submicrostructures are filled incompletely or slowly. It is therefore preferred if a compound is used which has a viscosity • in Range around 50 to 50,000 mPas. Significantly better results can already be achieved between 100 and 5,000 mPas, but the viscosity is particularly preferably between 200 and 1,500 mPas, which gave the best results. It should also be mentioned that air bubbles can be avoided by forming in a vacuum or partial vacuum. This allows the use of low viscosity masses.
  • a flow behavior in the sense of the present invention also exists in particular if the mass is in film form, for which purpose it can possibly be applied to a carrier which is in particular formed with a separating layer or as a separating carrier, or else if the mass, in particular not heated, is so viscous that it remains self-supporting, the separability or separating layer allows the material to be wrapped and fed into the embossing machine, in particular, to press in the structures by means of embossing dies, such as rotary embossing dies.
  • the separability can be achieved by suitable surface layers and / or configurations, for example using highly fluorinated substances.
  • adhesion of the coating composition to the carrier itself can be provided and achieved.
  • the mass would be possible to apply to a support just before feeding it into a processing machine or the like, 'which can be done by spraying, knife coating, brushing, casting, etc.; If application variants are selected that require particularly low-viscosity material, pre-curing can be carried out before structuring or shaping using various methods, in particular those that act quickly without adding substance, such as UV radiation or thermal treatment, which is because of the easy adjustability is advantageous and is preferred over the likewise possible mixture with hardener substances when applied, ie shortly before, during or practically immediately afterwards.
  • a pre-hardening can also take place if the mass is already on a carrier and is fed with it into the machine or is at least quasi self-supporting, for example in films that are only on a carrier up to the molding device and are separated from it ,
  • the mass can contain nanoscale particles.
  • these reduce the shrinkage, for which the proportion can be between 2% by weight and 30% by weight, in particular between 5% and 20%.
  • they also change the optical properties, in particular they can be used to change the refractive index, in particular to increase it, to bring about dispersion, etc.
  • a mass is then typically used which contains nanoscale particles which at least partially have a size of up to 50 nm, in particular less than 10 nm. In the case of the submicrostructures, too, it is still ensured that a desired statistical averaging takes place. It is possible and preferred that a mass is used in which at least 10%, preferably at least 50%, of the nanoscale particles have a size of up to 25 nm, in particular below 10 nm.
  • the mass can preferably contain at least one of the following substances: Si0 2 , Ti0 2 (rutile, anatase), boehmite, gamma-aluminum oxide, ZnO, Sn0 2 , ITO and / or ATO; Ce0 2 , Hf0 2 , Zr0 2 , W0 3 , Y 2 0 3 , Ta 2 0 5 , V 2 0 5 and other rare earth oxides and transition metals; Mixed oxides can also be used. Sulfides, phosphides, nitrides of the above-mentioned metals or semimetals can also be used.
  • the refractive index, the thermal and / or electrical conductivity, nonlinear optical properties such as dispersion, frequency doubling etc., in particular second and third order nonlinear optical properties, are among others determined by the choice of the nanoparticles and / or the choice of matrix or the coordination of the two , Electro- and / or photoluminescence, transmission, extinction, scattering, reflection, color, whereby dielectric spectral filtering can also be achieved, adjustable.
  • a suitable combination in particular of the aforementioned nanoparticles and / or selection of a suitable density, exactly definable properties can accordingly be set.
  • Conversion of typically two-dimensional cross-linking substances into three-dimensional cross-linking polymers is typically and preferably achieved by multifunctionalized nanoparticles, the surface of which is at least partially covered with functional groups and which act as heterogeneous network formers.
  • the surface modification of the heterogeneous, particulate three-dimensional network formers therefore takes place in order to bring about the compatibility of the network formers which can be generated in particular and preferably also generated in situ with the matrix. This gives a further degree of freedom in controlling the crosslinking behavior of nanocomposite materials, which leads to the new material properties described at the beginning.
  • thermoplastically processable materials are provided in such a way that, after or through the surface structuring processing, they change into a thermosetting material or crosslink so strongly that they behave like thermosetting materials, in particular as far as their Tg (softening point) is concerned the decomposition temperatures.
  • the assignment does not have to be complete. It is sufficient if a quantity of functional groups is present on or on the respective nanoparticle in order to ensure the three-dimensional crosslinking to the extent required in each case.
  • the degree of crosslinking depends, among other things, on the desired processing speed, the aspect ratio to be set, the required precision of the lateral structures and the adhesiveness on the selected substrate.
  • the coating can in particular also be saturated if the nanoparticles can be produced in saturation with substances containing the functional groups.
  • Suitable functional compounds for providing the functional groups include functional, in particular bi- and / or multifunctional silanes, in particular, for example, such with amine, carboxyl, allyl, epoxy, acrylic, hydroxyl groups, amides, acid chlorides, cyanates, isocyanates, imines, imides, phosphines, phosphonates, pyrophosphates, sulfonates and combinations thereof; the functional group is then often made of nanoparticles point away and penetrate into the matrix of surrounding polymer material and / or react with it.
  • the desired and / or required three-dimensional crosslinking results from the functional groups of the functional compounds which occupy or partially occupy it and which project from the same nanoparticle in different directions.
  • the functional compounds ie modifications, interact with the nanoparticle preferably via functional groups and / or via van der Waals forces and / or via covalent bonds and / or bonds with a high ionic content.
  • the advantage of silanes is that compounds containing a functional group already give very good results; in the case of purely organic compounds, it is often necessary to provide at least two functional groups in order to allow both the interaction with the nanoparticle and that with the polymer matrix.
  • the functional groups listed for silanes can also be used here.
  • the shrinkage when cured is between 1 and 20%, in particular between 2% and 15%, particularly preferably between 2% and 10%.
  • the reduced shrinkage goes hand in hand with the moldability of ever smaller sub-microstructures or higher precision.
  • the demand for lower shrinkage often places restrictions on the choice of material without leading to any significant practical advantage; higher shrinkages affect the quality of the results.
  • the lower defined shrinkage is generally attributed to the addition of heterogeneous network builders.
  • the mass will typically be pre-crosslinked. This further reduces shrinkage and gives the desired viscosity. Attention is drawn to the possibility of pre-curing or pre-crosslinking.
  • a mass can be used which has an initiator system which can be activated thermally, in particular by radical formation and / or by polyaddition and / or at 50 ° to 200 ° C., preferably 60 ° to 150 ° C., in particular 65 to 140 ° C. having.
  • a radiation-curable composition can also be used, in particular with a VIS or near-UV activatable initiator system, in particular activatable in the range between 200 and 600 nm, particularly preferably between 220 and 460 nm.
  • known initiator systems can be used.
  • the main hardening takes place in the mold, for example the embossing cylinder, which can be intensified by UV and / or VIS radiation.
  • the main hardening results in a main hardening during shaping. If the material to a carrier, the form, etc. coated, accordingly obtained an at least quasi-continuous, preferably completely continuous Bes' chichtungsprozeß with integrated thermal and / or UV curing.
  • radiation is preferably coupled in through a side window, cover plates or the like in order to initiate curing when the composition is attached to the Form is arranged.
  • a mold with a nickel surface is typically used as the mold because it is easy and inexpensive to produce, or plastic replicas of such or replicas made of (inorganic, in particular silicate) glass.
  • a mass is then typically used which comprises a prepolymerized and / or precondensed component, which at most hesitantly bonds with nickel or another metal alloy or coating on the selected mold surface, in order to cover the
  • the mold can also be pretreated before each molding process or after a predetermined number of molding processes, e.g. with substances that promote demolding, such as highly fluorinated compounds, which are applied to the mold. These can and should then be sufficiently flowable and should only be applied very thinly.
  • a matrix such and / or as aforesaid so to be modified by appropriate particularly nano-scale dispersed materials, that it has increased scratch resistance, wherein stmaschine assumed an increased Kratzfe- ', when in a standard Taber Test method CS-10-F, 1000 cycles / 500 g, a residual haze, ie scattered light loss of at least 20%, preferably 10%, occurs.
  • a scratch resistance itself has advantages if the element produced by this matrix 'from abrasion and the like is installed protected because the encryption processing process to the element mounting a beeintr Studioen- de damage almost completely excluded and / or can be significantly reduced.
  • the scratch resistance that can be achieved is often closely dispersed in terms of content Coupled nanoparticles and thus dependent on the desired refractive index.
  • Protection is also claimed for a mass for carrying out the method in one of its various configurations, in particular for executing the method in one of its preferred embodiments, and for a shaped body with a geometric submicrostructure made of a hardened polymer, in particular produced by a method according to the invention.
  • composition is made and used as follows:
  • this mass is heated and poured into a casting mold, which is implemented with a silicone rubber seal (thickness: 2 mm) between two nickel plates, at least one of which has a geometric structure with submicron structures which have an aspect ratio greater than 4: 1 that has deep, narrow gaps, etc.
  • the reactive mixture is cured in a vacuum drying cabinet.
  • the (volume) shrinkage is low and is below 10%.
  • the formed body is easy to demold, is highly transparent, has a high refractive index and a precise structuring with submicron structures transferred from the nickel plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé destiné à la réalisation d'un corps moulé ayant une sous-structure géométrique. Selon l'invention, un moule est mis en contact avec une masse apte l'écoulement qui peut durcir dans le moule et a un degré de retrait lors du durcissement inférieur à 20 %.
PCT/EP2002/007543 2001-07-05 2002-07-05 Element optique WO2003004565A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02767183A EP1417263A2 (fr) 2001-07-05 2002-07-05 Element optique
AU2002331341A AU2002331341A1 (en) 2001-07-05 2002-07-05 Optical component

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10132083.3 2001-07-05
DE10132083 2001-07-05
DE10207651 2002-02-22
DE10207651.0 2002-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003004565A2 true WO2003004565A2 (fr) 2003-01-16
WO2003004565A3 WO2003004565A3 (fr) 2003-04-24

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/007543 WO2003004565A2 (fr) 2001-07-05 2002-07-05 Element optique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1417263A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002331341A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003004565A2 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508831A1 (fr) * 1991-04-12 1992-10-14 Takemoto Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha Compositions polymérisables et produits durcis en moule à partir de celles-là
US5716679A (en) * 1991-09-13 1998-02-10 Institut Fur Neue Materialien Gemeinnutzige Gmbh Optical elements containing nanoscaled particles and having an embossed surface and process for their preparation
DE19917366A1 (de) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-19 Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh Mit einer mikrostrukturierten Oberfläche versehene Substrate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
WO2000074025A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Oy Ics Intelligent Control Systems Ltd Indicateur lumineux

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05253958A (ja) * 1992-03-10 1993-10-05 Kubota Corp 大理石調製品の製造方法
JPH10309755A (ja) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-24 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 繊維強化プラスチック成形品の製造方法
WO2000014017A1 (fr) * 1998-09-06 2000-03-16 Institut Für Neue Materialen Gem. Gmbh Procede de production de suspensions et de poudres a base d'oxyde d'indium et d'oxyde d'etain

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508831A1 (fr) * 1991-04-12 1992-10-14 Takemoto Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha Compositions polymérisables et produits durcis en moule à partir de celles-là
US5716679A (en) * 1991-09-13 1998-02-10 Institut Fur Neue Materialien Gemeinnutzige Gmbh Optical elements containing nanoscaled particles and having an embossed surface and process for their preparation
DE19917366A1 (de) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-19 Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh Mit einer mikrostrukturierten Oberfläche versehene Substrate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
WO2000074025A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Oy Ics Intelligent Control Systems Ltd Indicateur lumineux

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 199344 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A23, AN 1993-347925 XP002226036 & JP 05 253958 A (KUBOTA CORP), 5. Oktober 1993 (1993-10-05) *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 199906 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A32, AN 1999-064143 XP002226035 & JP 10 309755 A (HITACHI CHEM CO LTD), 24. November 1998 (1998-11-24) *
See also references of EP1417263A2 *

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AU2002331341A1 (en) 2003-01-21
WO2003004565A3 (fr) 2003-04-24
EP1417263A2 (fr) 2004-05-12

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