WO2003004280A2 - Systeme de jet d'encre a uniformite amelioree - Google Patents

Systeme de jet d'encre a uniformite amelioree Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003004280A2
WO2003004280A2 PCT/CA2001/000996 CA0100996W WO03004280A2 WO 2003004280 A2 WO2003004280 A2 WO 2003004280A2 CA 0100996 W CA0100996 W CA 0100996W WO 03004280 A2 WO03004280 A2 WO 03004280A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzles
tracks
track
nozzle
array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2001/000996
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003004280A3 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Gelbart
Amos Michelson
Original Assignee
Creo Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creo Srl filed Critical Creo Srl
Priority to PCT/CA2001/000996 priority Critical patent/WO2003004280A2/fr
Priority to AU2001272265A priority patent/AU2001272265A1/en
Publication of WO2003004280A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003004280A2/fr
Publication of WO2003004280A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003004280A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B41J2/2139—Compensation for malfunctioning nozzles creating dot place or dot size errors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38—Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • B41J29/393—Devices for controlling or analysing the entire machine ; Controlling or analysing mechanical parameters involving printing of test patterns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ink jet printing, and in particular to the use of multi-nozzle ink jet heads.
  • the invention has application in printing and in building 3D objects.
  • Ink jet deposition is a low cost and effective method for depositing materials in liquid form onto a surface.
  • Inkjet technology is widely used in printing and may also be used in other applications, such as applying coatings (as an alternative to spraying), building three-dimensional models, building flexographic printing plates, depositing electrical conductors and more.
  • coatings as an alternative to spraying
  • building three-dimensional models building flexographic printing plates
  • depositing electrical conductors and more depositing electrical conductors and more.
  • ink jet heads typically contain from a few to a few thousand nozzles, each nozzle writing one track.
  • Interleaving is performed by spacing the tracks laid down by the individual nozzles at a pitch greater, by some integer multiple, than the desired pitch (as measured across the direction of the relative motion between the head and the material being scanned) and filling in the missing tracks on a second pass. For example, if the end result is to be printed at 600dpi, the nozzles are arranged to write 300 tacks per inch of width, across the scan direction. A second pass (or a second head) fills in the missing tracks. This tends to reduce the visibility of any non-uniformity among the tracks.
  • a main cause of non-uniformity is not the droplet size, which can be controlled, but the direction the droplets leave the nozzles. By overwriting the areas many times such directional variations can be averaged out at the expense of throughput.
  • a second disadvantage of overwriting is loss of registration between passes. Such loss of registration causes blurring of edges.
  • a related problem is nozzle reliability: with more nozzles there is a greater likelihood that one or more nozzles will become plugged or otherwise malfunction.
  • One aspect of this invention provides a method and apparatus which permit the writing of each tack by a plurality of nozzles, all part of a single head assembly, in order to average out any variations between nozzles, but without any throughput penalty.
  • the invention achieves all the benefits of overwriting and interleaving without throughput and registration penalties.
  • Apparatus according to the invention can also provide full redundancy for any failed nozzles without increasing the number of nozzles by a large amount.
  • Apparatus according to preferred embodiments of the invention can automatically detect any non-uniformity in the output of the nozzle array and correct for it automatically. Further objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent by reading the disclosure in conjunction with the drawings.
  • a main feature of the invention is writing each tack by multiple nozzles but without overwriting the marks created by each nozzle.
  • droplets deposited by a number of nozzles which form a single track are interleaved along the track direction (unlike conventional interleaving which is done across the direction of the tacks). If a track is made up of "n" nozzles, the droplets from each nozzle are spaced apart by "n" times the size of a mark made by one droplet. After adding together the droplets from all "n” nozzles, a continuous track is written. Since there is no overlap of droplets there is no loss of throughput.
  • the position and density of the track is now the average of "n" nozzles, and any single nozzle which has the wrong position or droplet size will be averaged with all other nozzles. Furthermore, to achieve redundancy for any one of the "n” nozzles, the number of the nozzles only has to increase by one to "n” + 1. Since all writing can be done in a single pass, there is no registration loss and therefore no shaipness loss.
  • throughput is not limited by droplet rate but by the amount of deposited mass. In such a case it may be preferred to overlap the droplets to build up a thicker layer. In such an application, the droplets from each one of the "n" nozzles are not spaced apart, but superimposed. This provides high deposition rate without the loss of resolution larger drops would have caused.
  • Either mode can incorporate means of detecting non-uniform output or defective nozzles and automatically substituting a new nozzle as described in more detail below.
  • Fig.1-a is a schematic depiction of a nozzle array in a typical prior art multi-channel ink j et head
  • Fig. 1-b is a schematic depiction showing the nozzle array layout of Figure 1-a when the last track is overlapped with the first track of the next group of tracks, in order to minimize the effect of the boundary of a group of tracks;
  • Fig. 1-c is a schematic depiction showing the common mode of interleaving and the prior art way of using redundant nozzles
  • Fig. 2 shows a nozzle array arrangement in an ink jet head according to the preferred embodiment of this invention
  • Fig. 3 shows droplet interleaving in the direction of the track
  • Fig. 4 shows droplet overwriting in the direction of the track when build-up is desired
  • Fig 5 shows the use of an extra nozzle in each track to replace any failed nozzle
  • Fig. 6 shows a method for detecting failed nozzles and controlling surface smoothness.
  • Multi-nozzle ink jet heads are typically configured in a two dimensional layout shown in Fig. 1-a.
  • This layout allows the tracks to be written at a spacing closer than the physical spacing between the nozzles. Because of mechanical errors in moving such multi-nozzle heads relative to the material being written, there is a high likelihood of a registration error between each group of tracks and the next group, formed by the next pass of the head. Such an error will show up as a light or dark line at the boundary of groups of tracks.
  • FIG. 1-b A common remedy for such registration errors is to overlap at least one track at the boundary between passes. This is shown in Fig. 1-b, where 3 is a group of tracks written in one pass and 3' is a second group, written on a separate pass, with one track being overlapped.
  • Fig. 1-c Tracks 2 were written on the first pass while tacks V were written on the second pass between any two previously written tracks 2.
  • Fig 1-c also shows the common way of achieving redundancy: behind every nozzle 1-a there is a spare nozzle 1-b which can be switched in.
  • FIG. 2 A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a group of nozzles 3 form an assembly, typically package as a single head.
  • each column is formed from three nozzles la, lb, and lc.
  • the actual number of nozzles in each column may vary from 2 to over 10.
  • the columns are also staggered to spread out the nozzles over a larger area in order to facilitate the manufacturing of the head.
  • the staggering (explained in Fig. 1-a) is chosen according to the method of fabricating the head.
  • the relative motion between the head and material being written is shown by arrow 7. For the purpose of this invention it makes no difference whether the head or material being written on is moving, as long as relative motion exists.
  • the motion can be unidirectional or bi-directional.
  • a cross-scan motion perpendicular to arrow 7 is also required, but it not part of the invention and will not be discussed here as it is well known in ink jet printing practice.
  • the cross-scan motion can be eliminated if group 3 spans the full width of the material being written. This is known as "page wide" writing and requires thousands of nozzles.
  • the staggering of nozzles in direction 7 can occur within one head or by using multiple heads .
  • each one of nozzles 1-a, 1-b, and 1-c create droplets separated from each other.
  • the scan speed should be 40"/sec to have a contiguous series of marks.
  • the scan speed can be increased to 120"/sec, as each nozzle only has to deposit every third droplet.
  • the correct interleaving between droplets is controlled by electronic timing signals which take into account the distance between nozzles in direction 7. Such timing circuits are common in ink jet printers and need not be detailed here.
  • Fig. 3 The advantages of the invention are shown in Fig. 3. Assuming that each nozzle has its own placement error, droplets coming from nozzle 1-a might not line up accurately with the desired tack position 4, but might form a displaced tack 5. In the same manner droplets from nozzles 1-b and 1-c form displaced tacks.
  • the combined track has a position 6 which represents an average of the positions of the tracks formed by droplets 2-a, 2-b, and 2-c, which are respectively deposited by nozzles 1-a, 1-b and 1-c. This average position is closer to the desired track position 4 due to the averaging effect. For "n" nozzles the visual effect of an error "x" in the placement of droplets by an individual nozzle will be decreased by a factor of "n". Note that each nozzle is fed with different data, even if the nozzles form the same track.
  • Fig. 4 the method shown in Fig. 4 is preferred, as it reduces the scan velocity compared to Fig. 3. Note that in Fig.
  • nozzles 1-a, 1-b, and 1-c carry the same data excerpt for a time delay t or 2 t, as the droplets from nozzle 1-b will overlap the droplets from nozzle 1-a and therefore have to carry the same data, delayed by t in order to compensate for the different time of jetting.
  • the timing electronics is similar to the electronics used to compensate for staggered nozzles and need not be detailed here, as it is common in the art of ink jet printers.
  • Nozzle 1-e is the spare nozzle while nozzles 1-a to 1-d are the active nozzles.
  • the spare nozzle 1-e is switched in and supplied with the data for the faulty nozzle.
  • the data used to feed nozzle 1-c has to be timed correctly to compensate for the distance between nozzle 1-c and 1-e in the direction of scan 7.
  • such electronic timing is common in the art of ink jet printing, as the prior art redundancy shown in Fig. 1-a also requires such a timing change.
  • the main advantage of the invention over prior art is that the number of nozzles needs to be only increased slightly, not double, to compensate for a single nozzle failure in each track.
  • a 1000 nozzle array writing 1,000 tracks will require another 1,000 nozzles to allow any nozzle to fail on any track. This doubles the cost of the ink jet head.
  • the throughput would be maintained (scan velocity will have to be increased tenfold, of course). To achieve full redundancy of every single nozzle only one extra nozzle would need to be added to each tack, for a total of 1,100 nozzles instead of
  • illuminator 10 is a laser line illuminator, casting a thin line 9 on the surface created by tracks 2.
  • the image processor 12 can compute the height variations from such a line image and control the number of nozzles (or the droplet size) in each track to make line 9 as straight as possible.
  • the electronics and software for such 3D surface processing based on image of line 9 are well known in the art of inspection systems and need not be detailed here.
  • the high uniformity and reliability made possible by the invention makes it particularly suitable for graphic arts applications such as high speed digital printers utilizing a "page wide" ink jet array as well as ink jet color proofers.
  • Prior art ink jet color proofers could not produce a true dot-for-dot simulation of halftone printing (also known as "halftone proofing") due to lack of uniformity when reproducing halftone patterns.
  • the uniformity and reliability offered by this invention makes such a device possible.
  • the amount of control offered by multiple nozzles per track allows very uniform deposition even if each nozzle is binary, i.e. without control over the droplet size.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des imprimantes à jet d'encre et d'autres systèmes utilisant des tête de jet d'encre à buses multiples qui peuvent être fabriquées de façon à imprimer avec un haut degré d'uniformité par attribution de multiples jets à chaque tracé. Afin d'éviter la perte de rendement causée par une simple réécriture, les marques créées par les buses d'un tracé donné écrivent en mode entrelacé, avec des entrelacements réalisés le long du tracé. Dans la mesure où chaque tracé est formé par de multiples buses, on peut obtenir un niveau élevé de redondance à faible coût en disposant d'une ou de plusieurs buses supplémentaires dans chaque tracé.
PCT/CA2001/000996 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Systeme de jet d'encre a uniformite amelioree WO2003004280A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/000996 WO2003004280A2 (fr) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Systeme de jet d'encre a uniformite amelioree
AU2001272265A AU2001272265A1 (en) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Improved uniformity ink jet system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA2001/000996 WO2003004280A2 (fr) 2001-07-05 2001-07-05 Systeme de jet d'encre a uniformite amelioree

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WO2003004280A2 true WO2003004280A2 (fr) 2003-01-16
WO2003004280A3 WO2003004280A3 (fr) 2003-08-07

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2109350A1 (fr) * 2003-09-02 2009-10-14 Pixdro Ltd. Système pour la création de lignes fines avec la technologie de jet d'encre
JP2015140019A (ja) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-03 パロ・アルト・リサーチ・センター・インコーポレーテッドＰａｌｏ Ａｌｔｏ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ ポリマースプレー堆積方法およびシステム
EP2927002A1 (fr) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-07 Xerox Corporation Système de détection de jets d'encre inactifs dans des têtes d'impression éjectant de l'encre claire utilisant des substrats thermiques
US9199498B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2015-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Inkjet printing method and apparatus with feedback control
WO2016091336A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Procédé de construction d'une structure contenant des cellules vivantes
WO2018054641A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-29 Luxexcel Holding B.V. Procédé et système d'impression permettant d'imprimer une structure tridimensionnelle, en particulier un composant optique
JP2020138541A (ja) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 株式会社リコー インク堆積均一性補償機構

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102284661B1 (ko) * 2012-12-07 2021-08-02 옥스포드 유니버시티 이노베이션 리미티드 3d 프린팅에 의한 비말 어셈블리

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US5640183A (en) * 1994-07-20 1997-06-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Redundant nozzle dot matrix printheads and method of use
US5767875A (en) * 1995-02-23 1998-06-16 Rohm Co., Ltd. Printing method and apparatus using serial print head
EP0931668A2 (fr) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Procédé d'enregistrement pour une imprimante à jet d'encre
WO1999054139A2 (fr) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-28 Scitex Wide Format Printing Ltd. Procede d'exploitation de tetes d'imprimante informatisees
WO2000052624A1 (fr) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-08 Objet Geometries Ltd. Appareil et procede d'impression tridimensionnelle

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US4540996A (en) * 1982-05-11 1985-09-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Recording apparatus
US5640183A (en) * 1994-07-20 1997-06-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Redundant nozzle dot matrix printheads and method of use
US5767875A (en) * 1995-02-23 1998-06-16 Rohm Co., Ltd. Printing method and apparatus using serial print head
EP0931668A2 (fr) * 1998-01-27 1999-07-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Procédé d'enregistrement pour une imprimante à jet d'encre
WO1999054139A2 (fr) * 1998-04-23 1999-10-28 Scitex Wide Format Printing Ltd. Procede d'exploitation de tetes d'imprimante informatisees
WO2000052624A1 (fr) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-08 Objet Geometries Ltd. Appareil et procede d'impression tridimensionnelle

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2109350A1 (fr) * 2003-09-02 2009-10-14 Pixdro Ltd. Système pour la création de lignes fines avec la technologie de jet d'encre
US9199498B2 (en) 2013-11-21 2015-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Inkjet printing method and apparatus with feedback control
JP2015140019A (ja) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-03 パロ・アルト・リサーチ・センター・インコーポレーテッドＰａｌｏ Ａｌｔｏ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ ポリマースプレー堆積方法およびシステム
EP2902114A1 (fr) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-05 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Procédés et systèmes de dépôt par pulvérisation de polymère
TWI649128B (zh) * 2014-01-28 2019-02-01 美商帕洛阿爾托研究中心公司 聚合物噴灑沉積系統
EP2927002A1 (fr) * 2014-03-31 2015-10-07 Xerox Corporation Système de détection de jets d'encre inactifs dans des têtes d'impression éjectant de l'encre claire utilisant des substrats thermiques
WO2016091336A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-06-16 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Procédé de construction d'une structure contenant des cellules vivantes
WO2018054641A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-29 Luxexcel Holding B.V. Procédé et système d'impression permettant d'imprimer une structure tridimensionnelle, en particulier un composant optique
US11390034B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2022-07-19 Luxexcel Holding B.V. Method and printing system for printing a three-dimensional structure, in particular an optical component
JP2020138541A (ja) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 株式会社リコー インク堆積均一性補償機構

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003004280A3 (fr) 2003-08-07
AU2001272265A1 (en) 2003-01-21

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