WO2003003519A1 - Antenne circulaire - Google Patents

Antenne circulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003003519A1
WO2003003519A1 PCT/KR2002/001144 KR0201144W WO03003519A1 WO 2003003519 A1 WO2003003519 A1 WO 2003003519A1 KR 0201144 W KR0201144 W KR 0201144W WO 03003519 A1 WO03003519 A1 WO 03003519A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circular
slots
waves
radial
array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2002/001144
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jiho Ahn
Sergey Bankov
Original Assignee
Altech Co Ltd
Jiho Ahn
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Altech Co Ltd, Jiho Ahn filed Critical Altech Co Ltd
Publication of WO2003003519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003003519A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0012—Radial guide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circular antenna, and more particularly, to a circular antenna with wide operating frequency range, which is capable of receiving free space waves having two orthogonal polarizations.
  • RLS A radial-line slot antenna
  • Fig. la is a radial-line slot antenna according to a related art
  • Fig. lb depicts planar structure of slots in the array shown in Fig. 1 a
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates structure of multi-channel divider according to a related art.
  • the radial-line slot antenna in the related art includes an exciter 11, a planar waveguide 12, and an array of slots 13 placed on the front side (surface) ofthe planar waveguide.
  • Planar waveguide 12 is formed by two metal plates and one dielectric plate placed between these metal plates. Thin foil may be used as a metal plate as well.
  • Array of slots 13 is a system of rectangular holes in an upper metal plate. Slots in Fig. 1 are shown schematically. However, in real antennas, configuration of slots is more complicated. Vertical wall of planar waveguide 12 is coated by metal to avoid radiation to free space from this plate. All interactions between antenna and waves in free space should take place only with help of slots.
  • Exciter 11 usually has coaxial structure that allows one to use simple coaxial connector as antenna output. Exciter 11 excites radial waves in planar waveguide 12.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to increase gain of radial-line antenna without degradation of its operating frequency range.
  • Fig. 2 depicts a known planar waveguide ofthe multi-channel divider according to the related art.
  • the planar waveguide ofthe multi-channel divider is binary type divider that consists of a plurality of elementary dividers.
  • elementary divider connects two planar waveguides that are placed one under the other. Waveguides are connected by a linear slot in common wall. Down planar waveguide has vertical metal wall near the slot. Plane wave of down planar waveguide propagates from right to left (see arrow in Fig. 2).
  • Elementary divider transforms the wave into two plane waves of upper planar waveguide that propagate in different directions. Each of these waves carries one half of energy of the exciting wave. If slot width and position of vertical wall are chosen correctly, one can avoid excitation of reflected waves in down waveguide.
  • the elementary divider of the related art operates only with plane waves that have linear phase front and it cannot be directly applied to radial waves with circular phase front.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a circular antenna with wide operating frequency range, which is capable of receiving free space waves having two orthogonal polarizations.
  • the circular antenna which includes: an exciter for exciting radial waves with the identical radiation patterns turned relatively each other to 90 degrees; a multi-channel divider mounted with a plurality of output ports for transforming radial waves that are excited by the exciter to a plurality of radial waves having the same amplitude and phase; and an array of slots for transmitting waves between the multi-channel divider and free space, in which a plurality of slots are arrayed along radial line in correspondence to each output port of the multi-channel divider and angle between any particular slot in radiating array and radial line from center of antenna to center of the slot has the same value for all slots.
  • a multi-channel divider is included in the circular antenna of the present invention, and the array of slots is divided into several sub-arrays. Taking advantage of the fact that length of each subarray is shorter than length of the array in a known radial-line slot antenna, one can increase operating frequency range of antenna.
  • slot on the output port side of the multi-channel divider has a circular shape. Circular shape of coupling slots in multi-channel divider is caused by circular shape of phase fronts of radial waves. Application of circular slots minimizes insertion loss of multi-channel divider.
  • One of the most distinctive features of the antenna according to the present invention is that it has axial symmetry. This enables one to receive or transmit free space waves having different vector E orientation (polarization). It is possible because antenna, in its nature, is not dependent on antenna orientation relatively its axis.
  • Fig. la is a sectional view of a radial-line slot antenna according to a related art
  • Fig. lb is a plan view ofthe radial-line slot antenna according to the related art
  • Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, and Fig. 3c are sectional views and plan view of a circular antenna according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b diagrammatically illustrate one embodiment of an exciter depicted in Fig. 3 a;
  • Fig. 5 is a graph depicting radiation pattern of radial waves that is applied to the antenna ofthe preset invention
  • Fig. 6 is a detailed view of a multi-channel divider according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 through 12 diagrammatically depict different modifications ofthe multichannel divider according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 13a diagrammatically depicts relation between sub-array in the array of slots and output slot of the multi-channel divider in the border of the array of slots and the multi-channel divider;
  • Fig. 14 is a graph illustrating relation between reflection coefficient and frequency of a sub-array having a designated parameter in the array of slots according to the present invention
  • Fig. 15 is a graph illustrating mutual orientation between electric field vector E in antenna aperture and E-vector in circular waveguide according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 diagrammatically shows radiation patterns in correspondence to two planes depicted in Fig. 15;
  • Fig. 3 a illustrates a circular antenna in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3b shows plan structure of the array of slots depicted in Fig. 3 a
  • Fig. 3 c is an explanatory diagram of radiation path.
  • the circular antenna of the present invention includes an exciter 31, a metal ring 32, an array of slots 33, a thin foil having circular slots 34, a foam plate 35, a metal plate 36, and a dielectric plate 37.
  • Foam plate 35 can be made of polystyrene material.
  • Fig. 3c shows a multi-channel divider 38 and sub-arrays 39.
  • the sub-arrays 39 compose the array of slots 33.
  • arrow indicates wave flow path at the time of transmitting waves.
  • Dashed lines indicate a reference plane that divides elements of the antenna. This reference plane is an input port and output port ofthe antenna at the same time.
  • Dominant mode of the exciter 31 excites the input port of the exciter 31, and the exciter 31 transforms the dominant mode to radial waves. Then those radial waves are transferred to the multi-channel divider 38.
  • the multi-channel divider 38 has a plurality of output ports, each output port being connected to sub-array 39 of the array of slots 33.
  • the multi-channel divider 38 divides an inputted radial wave to plural radial waves and then transfers them to the sub-array 39.
  • each slot in the array of slots 33 radiates the radial waves to free space through the sub-array 39. If the antenna embodying the principles ofthe present invention is used as a receiver, signals are received via opposite path to the aforementioned wave path.
  • the exciter 31 includes two ports, and each port excites radial waves having the same radiation pattern turned relatively each other to 90 degrees.
  • the array of slots 34 has a different structure from that of the related art in terms of array of each slot. In other words, angle between any particular slot in radiating array and radial line from center of antenna to center of the slot has the same value for all slots in the array of slots 34. This is called axial symmetry.
  • the axial symmetry enables the antenna to receive or transmit free space waves with different E-vector orientation (or polarization). It is possible because antenna properties do not depend on antenna orientation relatively its axis. Taking into account that free space waves with two orthogonal polarizations are absolutely identical except vector E orientation, one conclusion can be made that circular antemia can receive waves of both polarizations.
  • Excitation of circular antenna by free space waves with two orthogonal polarizations causes excitation of radial waves in planar waveguides.
  • Any radial wave may be characterized with help of dependence of radial wave electromagnetic field density on azimuth angle, given that plane of antenna is regarded as azimuth plane. Such dependence may be called as radial wave radiation pattern.
  • Radial waves in two cases mentioned above have identical radiation patterns, yet they being turned at 90 degrees relatively each other. This difference in radiation patterns allows one to separate radial waves corresponding to free space waves with different polarizations at the ports ofthe exciter 31.
  • the exciter depicted in Fig. 4 is on the base of the circular waveguide. As shown in the drawing, the exciter includes a planar waveguide 41, a conical matching element 42, a flange 43, and a circular waveguide 44. Such exciter is the most convenient for satellite TV because standard LNB (Low Noise Blockdown Converter) has circular waveguide as input port.
  • LNB Low Noise Blockdown Converter
  • a circular waveguide is two-mode waveguide, and has two dominant modes. The only difference between these two modes is polarization. E-vector of one mode is oriented in vertical direction and E-vector of the other mode is oriented in horizontal direction. The former mode corresponds to vertically polarized waves of free space, and the latter mode corresponds to horizontally polarized free space waves, respectively.
  • Radial waves radiation patterns corresponding to excitation of planar waveguide by two modes of circular waveguide are shown in Fig. 5. Radiation patterns may be described by simple sine and cosine functions. One can easily find out that they are actually turned at 90 degrees angle relatively each other.
  • Multi-channel divider has several layers. Number of layers, n, determines number of output ports of the divider N, and therefore, number of radiating sub-arrays.
  • the relation between variables N and n can be expressed in the following equation.
  • Central transmission line in the drawing simulates down planar waveguide 61 while left and right lines simulate left and right branches of upper planar waveguide 64.
  • Capacitor is a model of coupling slot 63 and inductor is a model of section of planar waveguide with vertical perfectly conducting wall 62.
  • Input impedance at port 1 may be expressed in the following equation:
  • Multi-channel divider is a classical binary-type divider.
  • the divider exhibits uniform phase-amplitude distribution at its output ports.
  • Layers in this embodiment are separated by thin metal foil.
  • circular slot in such case is a slot in the foil.
  • Every layer has a section of planar waveguide and some part of layer is free of electromagnetic field.
  • multi-channel divider is a combination of several layers. These two parts are isolated from each other by vertical conducting wall.
  • metal wall is a surface of metal plate with thickness equal to thickness of planar waveguide.
  • FIG. 10 Another embodiment of elementary divider is shown in Fig. 10. This embodiment has only one different comparatively with Fig. 9.
  • metal wall is formed also by thin metal foil that is disposed on the surface of plate that now may be also dielectric one.
  • weight of the device is readily decreased.
  • contacts are the same with those in previous case.
  • Fig. 11 Another solution that does not require galvanic contacts is illustrated in Fig. 11. Although it seems to be similar to the divider shown in Fig. 10, a thin dielectric film is placed between foils as depicted in Fig. 11. In addition, length of horizontal parts of foil placed on the surface ofthe dielectric plate should be selected with a particular way.
  • the length should be equal to quarter wavelength at the central frequency of operating frequency range.
  • planar waveguide may have dielectric constant equal to a minimum unit.
  • foam plastics have such dielectric properties and they may be used as materials for planar waveguide.
  • the array of slots in the circular antenna embodying the principles of the present invention is two-dimensional array because it has periodicity along two coordinates (radial and azimuthal). Such array can be considered as a combination of several circular arrays (slots are placed along a circle). These arrays have different radiuses.
  • slots of array are disposed on the upper surface of the upper planar waveguide. Down surface of this waveguide has several circular slots
  • Fig. 13b is a simulation ofthe sub-arrays.
  • sub-array Every sub-array starts at the center of circular slot and ends in the middle point between two circular slots. This point is equivalent for electromagnetic field to perfectly conducting wall. Thus one can conclude that sub-array includes several circular arrays and shorting wall (virtual wall but not real one though).
  • Excitation of sub-array may be considered in the following way. Circular slots excite radial waves in planar waveguide that has slots on the upper surface. Radial waves in their turn excite circular arrays of slots. Each circular array is equivalent for radial wave to resonance load in transmission line.
  • Resonance load includes a resistor R that simulates radiation into free space.
  • the main problem of sub-array design is to select parameters of slots and planar waveguide in such a way that to radiate all energy of exciting wave into free space.
  • General microwave dielectrics have dielectric constant in range 2-2.7, and loss tangent about 0.001-0.0001. The following dielectrics may be used for circular antenna: polypropylene, polyethylene, Teflon etc.
  • slot has resonance when its length L is close to half wavelength in free space.
  • Resonance frequency of slot weakly depends on width of slot. This parameter mostly influences resonator Q factor.
  • An important factor here is orientation of slot axis relatively radial lines (line connecting center of circular antenna and center of slot). Angle between these two lines ( ⁇ ) plays a role of impedance transformer.
  • circular array of slots may be regarded as a resonance circuit in transmission line. Impedance of contour Z c depends on angle ⁇ as follows:
  • Radiation pattern may be obtained as radiation pattern of a system of sheets of magnetic current flowing on metal surface. Each sheet corresponds to one slot. Finally, radiation pattern should be calculated numerically.
  • slots may be tilted to radial lines. It means that electric field vector E in antenna aperture is tilted relatively E-vector in circular waveguide (it is supposed that circular waveguide excites the antenna).
  • Fig. 15 explains mutual orientation of vectors. Amplitude of E-vector in slots and amplitude of magnetic current density thereof depends on azimuth angle like cos ( ⁇ ) or sin ( ⁇ ). In the present embodiment, sin ( ⁇ ) has been used. Therefore, amplitude distribution has two planes of symmetry (plane 1 and plane 2). However, E-vector is not parallel or perpendicular to any of those planes. Two radiation patterns corresponding to planes 1, 2 are shown in Fig. 16.
  • radiation patterns are calculated for radiation array with 13 circular arrays.
  • periods and parameters of slots are the same as in previous case, namely Fig. 14.
  • Radiation pattern in plane 1 has side lobes at a quite high level (a little less than lOdb while radiation pattern does not have side lobes at all.
  • width of radiation pattern in plane 1 is smaller than width of radiation pattern in plane 2.
  • Information on radiation pattern enables one to calculate antenna directivity. Adding to directivity loss caused by reflection and dissipative loss, one can obtain antenna gain. Dependence of circular antenna gain with radius 250mm versus frequency is shown in Fig. 17. This plot was calculated taking into account only loss caused by reflection from sub-arrays. Thus loss caused by reflection from elementary dividers and exciter and dissipative loss were not taken into account.
  • the above-described circular antenna has radiation pattern with narrow beam.
  • radiation pattern with zero gain in central direction is required.
  • Such radiation pattern may be simply obtained in circular antenna.
  • Exciter on the base of coaxial line yields radiation pattern with zero in central direction.
  • Fig. 18 diagrammatically shows the exciter.
  • analogous exciters are used for radial-line antennas excitation.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne circulaire comprenant un excitateur, conçu pour exciter des ondes radiales présentant les mêmes diagrammes de rayonnement orientés à 90 degrés les uns par rapport aux autres, et un diviseur multicanaux équipé d'une pluralité de bornes de sortie pour la transformation d'ondes radiales, excitées par l'excitateur, en une pluralité d'ondes radiales présentant la même phase et amplitude. Cette antenne présente également un réseau de fentes pour la transmission d'ondes entre le diviseur multicanaux et l'espace libre, réseau dans lequel une pluralité de fentes sont disposées en réseau le long d'une ligne radiale, en correspondance avec chaque borne de sortie du diviseur multicanaux, et l'angle entre chaque fente spécifique du réseau rayonnant et la ligne radiale du centre d'antenne au centre de la fente est de valeur identique pour toutes les fentes.
PCT/KR2002/001144 2001-06-27 2002-06-18 Antenne circulaire WO2003003519A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR2001/37261 2001-06-27
KR1020010037261A KR20020036659A (ko) 2001-06-27 2001-06-27 원형 안테나

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WO2003003519A1 true WO2003003519A1 (fr) 2003-01-09

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9997826B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Two-element traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) antenna
US10468759B2 (en) 2015-05-22 2019-11-05 Systems And Software Enterprises, Llc Hybrid steerable avionic antenna

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103268984B (zh) * 2013-05-31 2015-01-07 哈尔滨工业大学 双波束缝隙阵列天线

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5175561A (en) * 1989-08-21 1992-12-29 Radial Antenna Laboratory, Ltd. Single-layered radial line slot antenna
JPH05102725A (ja) * 1991-02-18 1993-04-23 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 偏波共用ラジアルラインスロツトアンテナ
WO1998027615A1 (fr) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 The University Of Queensland Antenne a fentes de ligne radiale

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6446305A (en) * 1987-08-14 1989-02-20 Makoto Ando Plane antenna
JPH0770912B2 (ja) * 1987-10-14 1995-07-31 凸版印刷株式会社 円偏波スロットアンテナ
JP3137260B2 (ja) * 1989-06-12 2001-02-19 凸版印刷株式会社 ラジアルラインスロットアンテナ
JPH0443705A (ja) * 1990-06-08 1992-02-13 Toppan Printing Co Ltd ラジアルラインスロットアンテナ
JPH0690115A (ja) * 1991-07-10 1994-03-29 Junichi Takada 平面アンテナ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5175561A (en) * 1989-08-21 1992-12-29 Radial Antenna Laboratory, Ltd. Single-layered radial line slot antenna
JPH05102725A (ja) * 1991-02-18 1993-04-23 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 偏波共用ラジアルラインスロツトアンテナ
WO1998027615A1 (fr) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 The University Of Queensland Antenne a fentes de ligne radiale

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DAVIS PAUL W.: "Experimental investigations into a linearly polarized radial slot antenna for DBS TV in Australia", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 45, no. 7, July 1997 (1997-07-01), pages 1123 - 1129, XP011003012 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9997826B2 (en) 2015-05-13 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Two-element traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) antenna
US10468759B2 (en) 2015-05-22 2019-11-05 Systems And Software Enterprises, Llc Hybrid steerable avionic antenna

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