WO2003000504A2 - Modele de surface variable sur le plan optique - Google Patents

Modele de surface variable sur le plan optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003000504A2
WO2003000504A2 PCT/EP2002/006150 EP0206150W WO03000504A2 WO 2003000504 A2 WO2003000504 A2 WO 2003000504A2 EP 0206150 W EP0206150 W EP 0206150W WO 03000504 A2 WO03000504 A2 WO 03000504A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
matt
background
matt structure
structures
image information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/006150
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003000504A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Schilling
Wayne Robert Tompkin
René Staub
Original Assignee
Ovd Kinegram Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ovd Kinegram Ag filed Critical Ovd Kinegram Ag
Priority to AU2002310756A priority Critical patent/AU2002310756A1/en
Publication of WO2003000504A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003000504A2/fr
Publication of WO2003000504A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003000504A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1842—Gratings for image generation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optically variable surface pattern of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such surface patterns contain structures, usually in the form of microscopic relief structures that diffract the light. These diffractive patterns are suitable, for example, as authenticity and security features to increase security against counterfeiting. They are particularly suitable for protecting securities, banknotes, means of payment, identity cards, etc.
  • the function as an authenticity feature consists in informing the recipient of the object provided with it, e.g. a banknote to convey the feeling that the object is genuine and not a fake.
  • the function as a security feature is to prevent unauthorized copying or at least make it extremely difficult.
  • EP 0 105 099 B1 EP 0 330 738 B1 and EP 0 375 833 B1 are representative of these. They are characterized by the brilliance of the patterns and the movement effect in the pattern, are embedded in a thin laminate of plastic and are in the form of a Mark applied to documents, such as banknotes, securities, ID cards, passports, visas, identity cards, etc., for example glued on. Materials which can be used to produce the security elements are compiled in EP 0 201 323 B1.
  • a pixel-oriented surface pattern is known from European patent EP 0 375 833 B1. Such a surface pattern contains a predetermined number N of different images. The surface pattern is divided into pixels.
  • Each pixel is divided into N sub-pixels, with each of the N sub-pixels of a pixel being assigned a pixel from one of the N images.
  • Each sub-pixel contains a diffraction structure in the form of a microscopic relief, which contains information about a color value, about a level of the brightness value and about a viewing direction.
  • a viewer of the surface pattern is always presented with only one image, the respective visible image being able to be changed by tilting or rotating the surface pattern or by changing the viewer's viewing angle.
  • JP 10-153.702A describes a special diffraction pattern which is applied to the surface of a substrate.
  • the substrate is divided into small areas.
  • a diffraction grating is applied in each of these surface areas.
  • the orientation of the diffraction grating now changes from surface area to surface area. Depending on the direction in which the substrate is rotated in the horizontal plane, one or the other surface area appears lighter or darker.
  • DE 4446 368 A1 discloses a data carrier with an optically variable element, which on the one hand has a surface that reflects incident light in a directed manner and on the other hand has a surface that diffuses light.
  • the directionally reflecting surface can have a sawtooth profile or a diffraction grating.
  • the viewing angle-dependent intensity profile of the radiation reflected by the reflecting surfaces is overlaid with the intensity which is essentially constant at all viewing angles and which is generated by the diffusely scattering surface. Depending on Viewing angle thus gives the viewer the impression that at certain angles the reflecting surface appears brighter than the diffusely scattering surface.
  • WO 99/38039 describes a surface pattern which is composed of a large number of picture elements. Each of these picture elements has a surface structure that forms an asymmetrical diffraction grating. The orientation of these diffraction gratings differs in azimuth, which results in differences in brightness depending on the viewing angle.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing an optically variable surface pattern which has improved copy protection.
  • a diffraction-optically effective surface pattern consists of a background and image information present on the background. Under normal lighting conditions, light striking the background or the image information is diffracted in different directions, so that a viewer can read the image information.
  • the invention is now based on the idea of designing both the diffraction structures containing the background and the image information in such a way that they all bring the photodiodes of the color copier into saturation when copied by means of a color copier that on the copy, instead of the background with the image information, a contrast-free bright area is created.
  • Matt structures in particular anisotropic matt structures, are suitable as diffraction structures.
  • the matt structures are relief structures whose profile parameters, such as profile length and profile height, are subject to a statistical distribution, so that they scatter incident light azimuthally isotropically or anisotropically.
  • Anisotropic means that the relief structures of the matt structures have a preferred direction. This has the effect that light impinging under normal lighting conditions is not diffracted uniformly in all directions, but is preferably diffracted transversely to the preferred direction of the relief structures. If, in one embodiment, the background is formed with a first matt structure that has a first preferred direction, while the image information is formed with a second matt structure that differs from the first matt structure only in that it has a different preferred direction, then the Background and the
  • Image information is differently bright to a viewer.
  • the image information is therefore perceptible and legible.
  • the scattering capacity of the first matt structure and the scattering capacity of the second matt structure are, however, large enough to saturate the photosensors of a copier during copying. Background and image information therefore appear on the copy as a uniformly bright area. The image information has been completely lost.
  • both the background and the image information are formed with isotropic matt structures, which, however, have a different scattering capacity.
  • the scattering power is chosen such that the unarmed human eye perceives the difference in the scattering power as a contrast, so that the image information is recognizable, but the scattering power of both matt structures is sufficient to bring the photodiodes of the color copier into saturation. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a surface pattern with image information and with a background
  • 5A is a pixel of the background
  • the anisotropic matt structure shows the scattering power of an anisotropic matt structure with perpendicular light incidence on the matt structure.
  • the anisotropic matt structure consists of relief structures that have a preferred direction. This has the effect that light impinging under normal lighting conditions is not diffracted uniformly in all directions but preferably transversely to the preferred direction of the relief structures.
  • the intensity of the light diffracted at the anisotropic matt structure in the half space above the matt structure is plotted for the case perpendicular to the matt structure as a function of the angular distance ⁇ from the zenith in angular degrees.
  • the broad intensity curve 1 corresponds to the light distribution transverse to the preferred direction of the relief structures of the anisotropic matt structure.
  • the narrow intensity curve 2 corresponds to the light distribution in the Preferred direction of the relief structures of the anisotropic matt structure.
  • the horizontal line 3 marks the saturation level of the photodiodes of a color copier.
  • the size of the angular range 4 depends on the degree of anisotropy.
  • the angular range 4 typically comprises values from 15 ° to 35 °.
  • the anisotropic matt structures have e.g. ellipsoidal and thus elongated elevations, the lengths and widths of which vary in size. Both the lengths and the widths are statistically distributed. However, the surveys have in common the orientation, i.e. the longitudinal axes of the ellipsoids run approximately in the same direction.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates the scattering power of two isotropic matt structures with perpendicular light incidence on the matt structure.
  • the intensity of the light diffracted at the isotropic matt structures in the half-space above the matt structure is in turn plotted as a function of the angular distance ⁇ from the zenith in angular degrees.
  • the relief structures of an isotropic matt structure have no azimuthal preferred direction.
  • the two intensity curves 5 and 6 are therefore independent of the azimuth, ie of the orientation of the relief structures in the plane of the matt structure.
  • the isotropic matt structures thus bend perpendicularly incident light azimuthally isotropic.
  • the difference in the two isotropic matt structures is due to the different backscattering capacity.
  • the intensities of the two isotropic matt structures in the angular range 4 of the color copier lie above the saturation level 3 of the photodiodes of a color copier, so that the two isotropic matt structures are imaged in a copy with the same brightness, while the unarmed eye is one Observer also clearly perceives the difference in intensity in this case.
  • 2 shows a top view of a surface pattern 7, the surface of which is subdivided into different image areas which represent image information 9 that can be perceived by the human eye against a background 8.
  • the image information 9 consists of separate letters which form the word "VALID".
  • the letters representing the image information 9 consist of a first matt structure that anisotropically diffracts light that strikes perpendicularly.
  • the first matt structure therefore preferably, but not only, deflects perpendicularly incident light in a first direction.
  • the background 8 consists of a second matt structure, which differs from the first matt structure in its orientation. It therefore bends light that is incident vertically preferably in a direction that deviates from the first direction.
  • the surface pattern 7, as shown in cross-section in FIG. 3, is advantageously designed as a layer composite.
  • the layer composite is formed by a first lacquer layer 10, a reflection layer 11 and a second lacquer layer serving as a cover layer 12.
  • the entirety of the matt structures of the image areas of the surface pattern 7 is realized by means of microscopic relief structures 13.
  • the reflection layer 11 makes the relief structures 13 light-reflecting structures.
  • the lacquer layer 10 is advantageously an adhesive layer, so that the layer composite can be glued directly onto a substrate.
  • the cover layer 12 advantageously covers the relief structures 13 completely. It also preferably has an optical refractive index of at least 1.5 in the visible range, so that the geometric profile height h results in the greatest possible optically effective profile height.
  • the cover layer 12 also serves as a scratch-resistant protective layer.
  • the embossing stamp assumes a first rotational position, while it takes a second rotational position when the pixels 14 belonging to the image information 9 are embossed.
  • the two rotational positions of the embossing stamp differ, for example, by an angle in the range from 10 ° to 90 °, for example by an angle of 20 °, so that the
  • an embossing die is produced from the thermoplastic film in a known manner.
  • the color copier 15 has a glass plate 16 on which the document 17 to be copied, for example a bank note, rests and a carriage which can be moved in the x direction 18, which contains a light source 19, a deflecting mirror 20 and a detector 21 with photosensors 22.
  • the light 23 emitted by the light source 19 falls obliquely onto the document 17 at a certain angle and thus obliquely onto the surface pattern 7 with the differently oriented matt structures present on the document 17.
  • Part of the incident light is bent vertically downwards and imaged onto the photo sensors 22 of the color copier 15 via the deflecting mirror 20.
  • the two matt structures diffract the light much more efficiently than the surface of the document 17 surrounding the surface pattern 7, where the light is not diffracted but only scattered. Even if only a small proportion of the light diffracted at the matt structures falls on the photosensors 22 of the color copier 15, this proportion is sufficient to saturate the photosensors 22. The area corresponding to the area pattern 7 therefore appears on the copy as a uniformly bright area. The Image information has therefore been lost when copying.
  • the matt structures diffract light more evenly into the half-space 24 above the surface pattern 7 than a diffraction grating. They therefore have the great advantage that the effect required for the success of the invention is not dependent on the compliance with certain lighting conditions. That that enough light is diffracted into the detector 21 even if the illumination angle of the color copier 15 changes for any reason.
  • the surface pattern 7 consists of image pixels 25 shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which serve to generate the image information 9, and background pixels 26, which generate the background 8.
  • the image pixels 25 and the background pixels 26 are each divided into four sub-pixels 27.
  • the dimensions of a sub-pixel 27 are typically 0.1 mm * 0.1 mm, so that the four sub-pixels 27 of a pixel are not perceived separately by the eye of a human viewer.
  • Three sub-pixels 27 of each image pixel 25 contain a first matt structure with a first preferred direction
  • the fourth sub-pixel 27 of the image pixel 25 contains a second matt structure with a second, different from the first preferred direction.
  • three sub-pixels 27 of the background pixel 26 contain the second matt structure and the fourth sub-pixel 27 of the background pixel 26 contains the first matt structure.
  • the first and the second preferred direction enclose an angle ⁇ such that the observer perceives an image pixel 25 as a bright point and a background pixel 26 as a dark point, or vice versa.
  • the surface pattern 7 rotates in its plane by the angle ⁇ or by the angle 180 ° + ⁇
  • the brightness values of the image pixels 25 and the background pixels 26 are exchanged.
  • the orientation of the matt structures in the sub-pixels 27 is shown by an arrow.
  • the matt structures producing the background 8 and the matt structures producing the image information 9 thus contain a proportion of identical matt structures. In this embodiment, all image areas, i.e. both the
  • Background 8 as the image information 9 light in both preferred directions, but with a different amount.
  • the human eye is nevertheless able to separate the image information 9 from the background 8 due to the contrast generated in this way. Since each of the image pixels 25 and each of the background pixels 26 contains at least one sub-pixel 27 with the first matt structure and at least one sub-pixel 27 with the second matt structure, when copying all image pixels 25 and all background pixels 26 diffract light onto the associated photosensors 22 and bring all associated photosensors 22 into saturation, so that the copied surface pattern 7 appears on the copy as a contrast-free bright surface.
  • only the first matt structure is an anisotropically diffracting matt structure, while the second matt structure is an isotropically diffusing matt structure.
  • the human eye recognizes the image information 9 and the background 8 of the surface pattern 7 due to the different contrast during the measurement
  • Color copier 15 does not recognize the difference in contrast due to the saturation of its photosensors.
  • both the first and the second matt structure are isotropic matt structures, but with a different backscattering capacity.
  • the invention can also be used to change the meaning of information on the copy from the meaning on the original.
  • 6 shows an example of a part of a document 28 with the surface pattern 7.
  • the lettering "This is a copy” is printed on the document 28.
  • the word “a” of the lettering is preceded by the surface pattern 7, the image information 9 of the surface pattern 7 representing the letter "k”. Therefore, when viewing document 28, a viewer reads the sentence “This is not a copy”. However, the sentence "This is a copy" appears on the copy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un modèle de surface variable sur le plan optique, muni de structures de diffraction de la lumière, qui comprend un arrière-plan (8) et une information image (9) figurant sur ledit arrière-plan (9). Dans des conditions normales d'éclairage, la lumière incidente sur l'arrière-plan (9) et l'information image (9) est diffractée dans différentes directions, de sorte à permettre à un observateur de lire ladite information. Les structures de diffraction de la lumière formant l'arrière-plan (8), de même que l'information image (9) se présentent de manière à placer toutes, lors de la reproduction à l'aide d'une photocopieuse couleur, les photodiodes en saturation, de sorte à faire apparaître sur la photocopie, une surface claire sans contraste, à la place de l'arrière-plan (8) muni de l'information image (9). Les structures de diffraction utilisées sont notamment des structures mates.
PCT/EP2002/006150 2001-06-20 2002-06-05 Modele de surface variable sur le plan optique WO2003000504A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002310756A AU2002310756A1 (en) 2001-06-20 2002-06-05 Optically variable surface model comprising matt structures

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10129938.9 2001-06-20
DE10129938A DE10129938B4 (de) 2001-06-20 2001-06-20 Als Echtheitsmerkmal auf einem Dokument angeordnetes optisch variables Flächenmuster

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003000504A2 true WO2003000504A2 (fr) 2003-01-03
WO2003000504A3 WO2003000504A3 (fr) 2003-05-01

Family

ID=7688954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/006150 WO2003000504A2 (fr) 2001-06-20 2002-06-05 Modele de surface variable sur le plan optique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002310756A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10129938B4 (fr)
TW (1) TW578014B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003000504A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9829610B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2017-11-28 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display having light-scattering property

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10312708B4 (de) * 2003-03-21 2007-06-28 Ovd Kinegram Ag Retroreflektor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0105099B1 (fr) 1982-10-04 1986-01-29 LGZ LANDIS & GYR ZUG AG Document comportant un élément de sécurité à diffraction optique
EP0330738B1 (fr) 1988-03-03 1991-11-13 Landis & Gyr Betriebs AG Document
EP0375833B1 (fr) 1988-12-12 1993-02-10 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Modèle horizontal optiquement variable
EP0201323B1 (fr) 1985-05-07 1994-08-17 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Article comprenant un hologramme transparent
DE4446386A1 (de) 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung gefärbter Melamin-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte
JPH10153702A (ja) 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 回折格子パターンおよびそれを適用した物品
WO1999038039A1 (fr) 1998-01-27 1999-07-29 Ovd Kinegram Ag Motifs plans a reseaux de diffraction superposes

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2065309C (fr) * 1989-09-04 2001-11-20 Robert Arthur Lee Reseau de diffraction et methode de fabrication correspondante
EP0603117B1 (fr) * 1992-12-03 1996-12-27 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédé pour la fabrication des papiers de sécurité imprimés et colorés
EP0712012A1 (fr) * 1994-11-09 1996-05-15 International Business Machines Corporation Label d'authentication et motif authentifiant incorporant une structure diffractante et méthode de fabrication
DE4446368A1 (de) * 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Datenträger mit einem optisch variablen Element
DE29702805U1 (de) * 1997-02-18 1997-04-10 Bundesdruckerei GmbH, 10969 Berlin Sicherheitsprodukt
CH693427A5 (de) * 1998-01-27 2003-07-31 Ovd Kinegram Ag Flächenmuster.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0105099B1 (fr) 1982-10-04 1986-01-29 LGZ LANDIS & GYR ZUG AG Document comportant un élément de sécurité à diffraction optique
EP0201323B1 (fr) 1985-05-07 1994-08-17 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Article comprenant un hologramme transparent
EP0330738B1 (fr) 1988-03-03 1991-11-13 Landis & Gyr Betriebs AG Document
EP0375833B1 (fr) 1988-12-12 1993-02-10 Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG Modèle horizontal optiquement variable
DE4446386A1 (de) 1994-12-23 1996-06-27 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung gefärbter Melamin-Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte
JPH10153702A (ja) 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 回折格子パターンおよびそれを適用した物品
WO1999038039A1 (fr) 1998-01-27 1999-07-29 Ovd Kinegram Ag Motifs plans a reseaux de diffraction superposes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9829610B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2017-11-28 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display having light-scattering property
US10473831B2 (en) 2008-04-18 2019-11-12 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Display having light-scattering property

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003000504A3 (fr) 2003-05-01
DE10129938A1 (de) 2003-01-16
AU2002310756A1 (en) 2003-01-08
TW578014B (en) 2004-03-01
DE10129938B4 (de) 2005-05-25

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