WO2002103159A1 - Appareil pour prelever des echantillons et realiser une diagraphie dans toutes les zones de production d'un puits - Google Patents

Appareil pour prelever des echantillons et realiser une diagraphie dans toutes les zones de production d'un puits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002103159A1
WO2002103159A1 PCT/CN2002/000378 CN0200378W WO02103159A1 WO 2002103159 A1 WO2002103159 A1 WO 2002103159A1 CN 0200378 W CN0200378 W CN 0200378W WO 02103159 A1 WO02103159 A1 WO 02103159A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sampling
pressure
pumping
unit
formation
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PCT/CN2002/000378
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yong Ma
Jianguo Ma
Original Assignee
Yong Ma
Jianguo Ma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yong Ma, Jianguo Ma filed Critical Yong Ma
Priority to US10/479,769 priority Critical patent/US7373812B2/en
Publication of WO2002103159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002103159A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/10Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Definitions

  • the name of the invention is determined by the International Searching Authority as follows: Prestressed Concrete Pipe Pile Joint Technical Field
  • the full-reservoir sampling tester of the present invention is a large-scale petroleum logging instrument, and is a new variety of instruments in the cable formation tester that have the function of obtaining batches of original fluid samples of each reservoir. Background technique
  • Wireline formation testing is the only logging tool capable of testing formation dynamic characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs.
  • the first set of instruments was successfully developed by Schlumberger in 1955. It was used extensively in the 1960s and 1970s. The formation pressure can only be measured once when a well is run down. A sample of formation fluid is taken and an electric ignition valve is used.
  • the main features of the instrument are: the technology of combining optical frequency identification and resistivity identification between mud filtrate and formation original fluid (USP4994671), multi-detector technology to measure formation horizontal and vertical permeability, multi-stage sampling combination technology, In order to accomplish a variety of functions, technologies such as free combination of different instrument components can be realized.
  • Western Atlas Company obtained a patent for the instruments and methods for obtaining and processing underground native samples (ie, "Reservoir Characteristic Tester"-RCI) (patent numbers US P 5303775; US P 5377755), inventions It has double-acting pump pistons with unequal diameters, and continuously pumps formation fluids with a pressure higher than the saturation pressure to the sampling cylinder.
  • the patent features are: The amount is greatly increased, which can reach 3.61 / min (lgpm), but generally only 2.21 / rnin (0.6gpm); use dual detectors with a distance of 184.15 to increase the amount of mud filtrate drainage and Anisotropic formation permeability can be measured; resistance / capacitance chambers are set to monitor fluid characteristics; non-impact samples are the standard form of sampling; digital feedback control systems are implemented during dual detectors and pump-out pre-tests to optimize flow rates .
  • the full-reservoir sampling tester can measure mud column pressure and formation pressure at any depth in an open-hole well. In one downhole operation, it can measure and record mud column pressure and formation pressure gradient profile. According to the pressure test curve at each point, the original formation dynamic parameters at that point can be directly determined.
  • the more important object of the invention of the full-reservoir sampling tester is to obtain high-quality samples of the formation's original fluid in large batches.
  • the mud filtrate in the formation fluid can be pumped into the wellbore and the samples can be processed in time. It is recognized that after confirming that the fluid sample is the original formation fluid sample, pumping is performed to obtain a high-pressure physical property (PVT) sample. Such a sample can be collected more than ten times in one well.
  • PVT physical property
  • the full reservoir sampling tester consists of a surface test and control instrument, a cable, and a downhole instrument.
  • the downhole instrument of the full reservoir sample tester consists of the following parts: cable bridle, adapter AH64, natural gamma short joint, electronic unit, single detector unit, pumping unit, double packer unit, multi-sampling unit .
  • the natural gamma short section, the conversion joint AH64, and the single detector unit are all supporting equipment.
  • the ground test and control instrument includes a power supply controller, computer system and related control, analysis and interpretation software; the electronic unit is composed of a downhole power supply and each unit's control, monitoring, and communication interfaces; together they form a digital power transmission system.
  • the data transmission system and data interpretation system of the full reservoir sampling tester will apply for a separate patent and will not be described here.
  • the pumping unit is a complex hydraulic system. It is connected to a single detector unit and connected to a multi-sampling unit. The function of this unit is: pumping, pumping the formation mud filtrate into the high back pressure mud in the wellbore; pumping pre-test, the pumping pump piston of the pumping unit is equipped with a suction chamber that also has a pre-testing function.
  • the volume can be repeatedly changed from zero to a certain value under the action of hydraulic pressure. Pre-tests of different volumes can be performed multiple times.
  • the suction chamber volume is up to 500 ml. It can provide different pre-test flow rates with a wide range of changes.
  • the sleeve of the hydraulic system of the pumping unit is filled with high-temperature hydraulic oil.
  • a balance piston and a spring are set in the oil tank.
  • the piston separates the oil tank from the wellbore mud.
  • the balance piston moves. Always keep the tank pressure equal to the ambient mud pressure. When the tank pressure is greater than a certain pressure, the pressure can be automatically released.
  • the pumping unit's power system can use DC brushless motors and variable flow pumps, or it can use multiple AC motors and fixed displacement pumps to form a multi-power system.
  • Multi-stage power systems use multiple motors to drive multiple plunger pumps. After the motor starts, it drives the fixed displacement pump to pump the hydraulic oil into the high-pressure pipeline.
  • the pump pressure sensor records the relative pressure in the high-pressure pipeline relative to the hydrostatic column of the test site. When the pressure exceeds the maximum working pressure of the high-pressure pipeline, the fixed pressure relief valve is released into the oil tank.
  • the pumping cylinder piston divides the cylinder into four zones, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the high-pressure pipeline alternately enters the pumping cylinder.
  • the low-pressure hydraulic oil of the pumping cylinder is alternately leaked into the fuel tank, and the suction pump should have a large displacement range with different displacements.
  • the reciprocating motion of the piston of the pumping cylinder is controlled by a solenoid valve and four two-position two-way hydraulic reversing valves.
  • the pump pumps the reciprocating motion of the cylinder and reverses it through four one-way valves, continuously sucking formation fluid samples in the dual packer unit, and pumping them into the wellbore or sampling cylinder after pressurization.
  • a pressure sensor is set in the sample line to record the pressure change of the fluid in the inlet line relative to the ground atmospheric pressure.
  • the upper end of the double packer unit is connected to the pumping unit, and the lower end is connected to the multi-sampling unit. Its function is to isolate the formation to be tested from top to bottom, so that the formation to be tested is only connected to the sampling tube of the full-reservoir sampling tester for testing or to extract samples from the sealed formation. It has two packer capsules, and the well fluid from the pumping unit can be input into the packer capsule through the high-pressure manifold to expand the capsule and close the well wall to form the packer section of the formation. On the casing of the packer between the two packing capsules, there is an opening for communicating the well fluid, which is the starting point of the injection tube for the well fluid and formation fluid input. In order to avoid large particles of impurities in the well fluid from entering the sample, The tube is provided with a filter at the entrance.
  • the dual packer control section is a control component that controls the capsule "seal" and "unseal” of the dual packer.
  • the hydraulic pack of the double packer is provided with a hydraulic oil tank, and a balance piston is built in.
  • the balance piston divides the hydraulic oil tank into two parts, and the outside of the piston communicates with the well fluid.
  • the inside of the piston is filled with hydraulic oil, and the balance piston can move in the hydraulic oil tank, so that the oil pressure in the oil tank and the pressure of the well fluid are always equal.
  • the control unit of the double packer is also provided with isolation valves, seal valves, check valves, solenoid valves, pump pressure sensors, pressure relief valves and other devices to complete the sealing and unsealing of the double packer.
  • a sample recognition sensor is connected in series to the sample line of the control unit of the double packer to identify the physical properties of the fluid sample flowing through the line.
  • the multi-sampling unit includes more than ten sampling cylinders, a self-flow sampling cylinder, and a series of control valves and rotary valves.
  • Each sample cylinder has a capacity of 450ml and can be removed freely.
  • There is a piston in the sampling cylinder which divides the sampling cylinder into an upper cavity and a lower cavity.
  • the upper chamber is a chamber for collecting samples, and the lower chamber has an opening that communicates with the well fluid mud, which can ensure that the pressure in the sampling cylinder during pump sampling and after sampling is much higher than the formation static pressure.
  • each sample cylinder is connected in series with two igniter switches, one normally closed and the second normally open.
  • the opening and closing of the sampling cylinder is controlled by the ignition switch valve.
  • the ignition switch valve consists of an electric igniter and a slide valve switch.
  • the first valve is energized and high-pressure fluid samples can be pumped into the sampling cylinder even if the sample line is in communication with the set sampling cylinder.
  • the second valve is energized and the on-off slide valve can be closed at one time, that is, the fluid sample in the sampling cylinder can be saved in a state higher than the formation pressure, and each sample can be arbitrarily selected for filling Sampling tube.
  • the self-sampling cylinder can hold 10-20L samples, and the front pipe is connected with a seal.
  • One of the functions is to flow the formation samples into the cylinder without starting pumping at the beginning of sampling. These samples mainly cannot represent the original samples of the formation. This method can expedite the removal of mud filtrate.
  • the second function is to collect samples of the formation point when the permeability of the local formation is very low.
  • the full-reservoir extraction tester can go down to a single detector or double packer at any time, and can be attached to all oil and gas layers and formation points that may contain oil and gas to directly measure their original formation pressure and formation temperature.
  • Formation permeability, formation contamination rate, dynamic parameters such as formation slurium index (or solution of V0GEL equation) can also be directly measured with a variety of flows.
  • each formation fluid sample includes crude oil density, viscosity, freezing point, water content, sand content, salt content, wax content, sulfur content, water type, ion content, gas composition, etc.
  • each formation fluid sample The analysis results of high temperature and high pressure include saturation pressure, original oil-gas ratio, density of oil, gas, and water, viscosity of oil, gas, and water, average dissolution coefficient, volume coefficient of oil, gas, and water, compression coefficient of oil, gas, and water, Shrinkage, gas density, compression factor, etc.
  • the production of oil, gas, and water in each formation can be further explained, the production of wellhead oil, gas, and water can be quantitatively predicted, and the gas-oil, gas-water, and oil-water two-phase interfaces can be determined.
  • the full reservoir sampling tester optimizes the hydraulic circuit design and realizes separate control of pushing and pre-testing. It has a multi-flow pre-testing function to improve the pre-testing accuracy.
  • the suction chamber of the suction pump is also used as a pre-testing chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a full reservoir sampling tester of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a downhole instrument of the full reservoir sampling tester of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of a pumping unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the downhole dual packer unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of a multi-sampling unit according to the present invention. Specific implementation of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the structure diagram of the downhole instrument of the full reservoir sampling tester.
  • the maximum combination of downhole instruments for the full reservoir sampling tester consists of the following components: Electronic unit (4) + single detector unit (5) + pumping unit (6) + double packer unit (7) + multi-sampling unit (8) + bottom cone (9).
  • Electronic unit (4) consists of downhole power supply and control circuit components of each unit.
  • the single detector unit (5) is composed of a hydraulic oil tank (10), a power section (11), an upper hydraulic control section (12), a support piston (13), a single detector (14), and a lower hydraulic control section (15).
  • the pumping unit (6) is composed of a hydraulic oil tank (16), a multi-stage power section (17), a pumping upper hydraulic control section (18), a pumping liquid cylinder (19), and a pumping down hydraulic control section (20). Pumping can be performed using a selected maximum displacement above the saturation pressure of the formation fluid.
  • the double packer unit (7) is composed of a double packer (21) made of rubber and a double packer control section (22).
  • the multi-sampling unit (8) is composed of an igniter on-off valve (23), a sampling cylinder (24) and a free-flow sampling cylinder (25).
  • Natural gamma short section (3), single detector unit (5), conversion joint AH64 (2), logging vehicle (36) are all supporting equipment.
  • the pumping unit (6) is a complex hydraulic system. It is connected with a single detector unit (5) and a double packer unit ( 7 ). The function of this unit is to pump the filtrate and pump the formation mud filtrate into the wellbore high backpressure mud;
  • the pump draws samples.
  • the program control closes the mud filtrate discharge channel, connects the formation fluid to the multi-sampling unit, and stores the formation original fluid in a sampling cylinder at a pressure higher than the mud hydrostatic column pressure.
  • the schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the pumping unit (6) is shown in Figure 3.
  • the oil tank (42) of the hydraulic system of the pumping unit is a variable-volume closed oil tank.
  • the oil tank is filled with high-temperature-resistant hydraulic oil.
  • the oil tank is provided with a balance piston (40) and a spring (41).
  • the piston holds the oil tank (42) and mud.
  • Fuel tank fill valve (45) is used to fill the fuel tank.
  • the fixed-valve pressure relief valve (48) releases pressure.
  • the motor (43) After the motor (43) starts, it drives the fixed pump (44) to run and pumps the hydraulic oil into the high-pressure pipeline.
  • the pump pressure sensor (46) records the relative pressure of the mud hydrostatic column in the high-pressure pipeline relative to the test point.
  • the maximum working pressure of the high-pressure pipeline is 24. lMpa. When the pressure exceeds 24. Press into the fuel tank.
  • the pumping cylinder (54) is the main component of the pumping unit.
  • the cylinder piston divides the cylinder into four zones (55, 56, 57, 58).
  • the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the high-pressure pipeline alternately enters the pumping cylinder (54). ), (55) and (58) chambers, and the low-pressure hydraulic oil of the pumping cylinder (54) leaks from the chamber (58) and the chamber (55) into the fuel tank alternately, respectively.
  • the solenoid valve (49) and four two-position two-way hydraulically-operated commutators (50, 51, 52, 53) control the reciprocating movement of the piston of the pumping cylinder (54).
  • the solenoid valve (49) When the solenoid valve (49) is de-energized, the high pressure hydraulic oil enters the left chamber (55) of the pumping cylinder (54) through the hydraulic valve (50); the hydraulic oil of the right chamber (58) of the pumping cylinder (54) The hydraulic valve (53) communicates with the fuel tank, the pumping piston moves to the right, and after the movement is in place, the position sensor is turned on, the solenoid valve (49) is correspondingly energized, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil is injected into the four reversing valves (49) 50, 51, 52, 53), hydraulically control each valve to change direction.
  • the pumping piston can continuously reciprocate.
  • the reciprocating motion of the pumping cylinder (54) sucks and pumps formation fluid samples from the dual packer unit into the wellbore sampling cylinder.
  • the sample fluid of the double packer is sucked from (66), and it enters the (57) 'cavity through the one-way valve (62).
  • the sample of formation fluid in the cavity (56) is added.
  • a strain gauge (64) is set in the sample pipeline to record the pressure value of the fluid in the inlet pipeline relative to the ground atmospheric pressure.
  • a motor-controlled sealing valve (63) is set in the sample line. When the pre-pumping test is performed, the sealing valve (63) is powered off and the pumping is stopped.
  • the schematic diagram of the hydraulic system of the downhole double packer unit (7) is shown in Figure 4. The upper end of the double packer unit (7) is connected to the pumping unit (6), and the lower end is connected to the multi-sampling unit (8). Its function is to seal the formation to be tested from above and below, so that the formation to be tested only communicates with the sampling tube (66) of the full reservoir sampling tester for testing or sampling of the sealed formation.
  • the double packer (21) has two packer capsules (73).
  • the well fluid from the pumping unit (6) passes through the high-pressure manifold (65), it can be input into the packer capsule (73) to expand the capsule body. Close to the wall of the well, forming the isolation section of the stratum.
  • the double packer control section (22) is a control component for controlling the "seal" and "unsealing" of the capsule (73) of the double packer (21).
  • the double packer hydraulic control section (22) is provided with a hydraulic oil tank (75), and a balance piston (76) is built in.
  • the balance piston (76) divides the hydraulic oil tank (75) into two parts. Liquid mud paddles communicate.
  • the inside of the piston is filled with hydraulic oil, and the balance piston (76) can move in the hydraulic oil tank (75), so that the oil pressure in the oil tank and the pressure of the well fluid are always equal.
  • the hydraulic oil tank (75) is connected to the fuel injection valve (77), the pressure relief valve (78), the isolation valve (79) and the check valve (80).
  • the oil filling valve (77) is used to fill the inside of the instrument with hydraulic oil. When the internal oil pressure of the instrument exceeds 6.9Mpa, the hydraulic oil can be discharged through the pressure relief valve (78).
  • the isolation valve (79) is composed of a piston (81) and a piston rod (82).
  • the piston (81) divides the cylinder of the isolation valve into two oil chambers (83) and (84), an oil chamber (83) and a check valve. (85), the solenoid valve (86) and the pressure relief valve (87) are connected.
  • the hydraulic oil flows into the chamber (83) through the check valve (85)
  • the piston (81) is pushed to move, and the return oil from the oil chamber (84) flows into the oil tank (75). Because the piston (81) drives the movement of the piston rod (82), the communication between the sample pipeline (88) and the well fluid is cut off. It is ready for the "seal" of the packer.
  • the pressure relief valve (87) is used to release the pressure to the oil tank when the oil pressure in the oil chamber (83) of the isolation valve (79) exceeds 11. 7Mpa.
  • the solenoid valve (86) is a two-position, two-way solenoid valve. When power is not supplied to the solenoid valve (86), the oil pressure pipeline communicates with the fuel tank to keep the packer in the "unsealed” state. (86) After the power is supplied, the oil pressure pipeline and the oil tank are isolated, so that the isolation valve oil chamber (83) can maintain a certain high oil pressure, and the packer is in a "seal" state.
  • the piston (90) of the balance piston (89) divides the valve chamber into two chambers (91) and (92).
  • the chamber (91) is connected to the sample pipeline (93), and the chamber (92) is in communication with the hydraulic pipeline. .
  • the piston (90) separates the hydraulic medium but transmits hydraulic pressure.
  • Two seal valves (94) and (95) are also connected in series to the sample line in the double packer control section (22). Both are composed of a DC motor (96) and a drive spool (97).
  • the inlet of the sealed valve is connected to the sample from the pumping unit.
  • the high-pressure line (65) is connected, but the outlet of the valve (94) is connected to the line (98).
  • the outlet of the valve (95) is connected to the fixed pressure relief valve (106).
  • a sample identification sensor (100) is connected in series to the pipeline (93), and is used to identify the physical properties of the fluid sample flowing through the pipeline (93).
  • the check valve (101) is provided to prevent the backflow of the sample in the sampling cylinder, and the constant pressure relief valve (102) is provided to ensure that the pressure in the pumping hydraulic pipeline exceeds 28 ⁇ 32Mpa to release the pressure.
  • a pump pressure sensor (104) and a pressure relief valve (105) are connected to the pipeline (103) of the packing capsule (73) flowing to the double packer, and a pump pressure sensor (104) is provided to monitor the packing Whether the capsule is squeezed normally to achieve normal packing, the drain valve (105) is provided to prevent the packing capsule from being over-expanded and damaged.
  • the working process of the double packer is as follows: When the center of the space between the packer capsules of the double packer reaches the set stratum position to be tested, the solenoid valve (86) is energized to isolate the passage to the fuel tank and close the seal valve (94). , Open the sealing valve (95). Start the pumping unit to take a fluid sample from the air of the packing ring. Because the sampling electric ignition valve behind the check valve (101) on the pipeline (93) is closed, the liquid flows to the balance piston (89) and pushes the piston (90).
  • the pump pressure sensor (104) continuously displays the pressure value of the isolation formation to the ground. If the pressure exceeds the maximum value of the packer, the pressure is released by the pressure relief valve (105); if the pressure is lower than the minimum pressure required by the isolation, Then, the pumping system is automatically started to pressurize the packing capsule (73). After the "seal" is completed, the seal centimeter (94) is turned off, and the pump pre-test and sampling can be performed.
  • each sample cylinder is connected in series with two ignition switch valves (23-1 and 23-2), The first (23-1) is always off, and the second (23-2) is always on.
  • the first valve (23-1) is energized to ignite the powder of the igniter (26).
  • the high-pressure gas generated causes the slide valve (27) to open and close- Unlock it once, and then use the pumping pressure to push the slide valve to make the sample line (93) communicate with the selected sampling cylinder (24-1), and the high-pressure fluid sample can be pumped into the sampling cylinder (24-1).
  • the second valve (23-2) is energized to ignite the gunpowder (28), and the high-pressure gas generated causes the on-off slide valve (29) to be closed once, that is, it can be above the formation pressure. Save the fluid sample in the sampling cylinder, and you can choose the sampling cylinder to be filled for each sampling.
  • sampling cylinders 24-1 ⁇ 24-11, each with a capacity of 450ral.
  • the upper chamber (111) is the chamber for collecting samples.
  • the lower chamber (112) has an opening to communicate with the well fluid mud paddle.
  • the upper end of the sampling cylinder is also provided with a manual sample valve (113) and a manual two-way three-way valve (114). , Place in front of the well as shown in the figure.
  • the sample transfer valve (113) is used to transfer the sample out of the sampling chamber (111).
  • an external pipeline can be connected to the lower chamber (112) of the sampling cylinder, and the piston [110] is pushed by the pump pressure, and the sample transfer valve (113)
  • the piston (110) can also be pushed to the top of the sampling cylinder (24) by using external pump pressure to prepare for the next sampling.
  • the self-flow sampling cylinder (25) was previously connected with a sealing valve (116) on the pipeline.
  • the self-flow sampling cylinder can hold 10-20L samples.
  • One of its functions is that it can flow the formation samples into the cylinder without starting pumping in the early stage of sampling. These samples are mainly mud filtrates that cannot represent the original samples of the formation. This method can expedite the removal of mud filtrates.
  • the other function is that when the permeability of the local formation is very low, samples of the formation point can also be collected.
  • the throttle valve (115) can select different combinations of throttle plugs at the surface based on previous logging data to control the flow rate of the sample flowing into the gravity sampling cylinder (25) and prevent the packing of the single detection unit (5). Sampling failed due to severe sand production in the formation with excessive pressure drop, resulting in seal failure.
  • the working process of the multi-sampling unit is as follows:
  • the motor of the pumping unit (6) can be powered off first, and the flow-through sampling cylinder (25) in front of it can be opened. Sealed valve (116), the sample from the single detector unit or the double packer unit is drained into the free-flow sampling cylinder (25). After starting the pumping system, the mud filtrate can be drained through the valve (106) in the dual packer unit. According to the judgment of the sample recognition sensor (100) provided in the control unit (22) of the double packer, when the sample in the sample pipeline is a qualified sample liquid, the sealing valve is firstly made.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description

发明名称由本国际检索单位确定如下: 预应力混凝土管桩接头 技术领域
本发明全储层取样测试器是一种大型石油测井仪器, 是电缆地层测试器中具有大批 次获取各储集层原始流体样品功能的新品种仪器。 背景技术
电缆地层测试是唯一能进行油气储集层地层动态特性测试的测井仪器。 第一套仪 器由斯仑贝谢公司于 1955年研制成功, 60— 70年代大量使用, 一次下井只能测一次地 层压力, 取一个地层流体样品, 使用电点火阀; 1974年斯仑贝谢公司推出了重复式地层 测试器 RFT, 1980年阿特拉斯公司推出了多次地层测试器 FMT, 后来吉哈特公司推出 了选择性地层测试器 SFT, 直到现在, 这些仪器都是勘探井使用的测井仪器, 也是电缆 地层测试器的保留产品, 它们一次下井, 可以测定任意个地层点的地层压力及地层有效 渗透率, 可以最多测取两个地层流体样品, 仪器动作全部是自动液压控制; 1989、 1990 年斯仑贝谢公司获得了 "用于测定地层性质的井下仪"(即 "组装式地层动态测试器" -MDT)的专利 (专利号 U.S.P4860581;U.S.P4936139;中国专利 89107138.5 ) ,1990年推 出产品,从此电缆地层测试器有了将进入仪器的地层流体中的泥浆滤液抽排到井筒中去 的功能, 使得仪器能够测取到地层原始流体样品。 该仪器的主要特点有: 采用了泥浆滤 液与地层原始流体间的光学频率识别及电阻率识别相结合的技术 (U.S.P4994671 ), 多 探测器测定地层水平与垂直渗透率技术, 多级取样组合技术, 为完成多种功能可以实现 不同仪器组件自由组合的技术等。 1994、 1995年西方阿特拉斯公司获得了 获得和处理 地下原生样品的仪器和方法, (即 "储层特性测试仪" 一 RCI)的专利 (专利号 U. S. P 5303775 ; U. S. P 5377755 ) , 发明了双作用不等直径的泵抽活塞, 连续地向取样筒直接 泵送高于饱和压力的地层流体技术, 它一次下井可取 6个地层原始流体样品, 还设置有 备用探测器。 1999年哈里伯顿公司获得了 '提高了样品采集系统功能的地层测试器' (即 "储层描述仪" 一 RDT) 的专利 (专利号 U. S. P 5934374), 该专利特点有: 抽排泵排量 大增, 可达到 3. 61/min (lgpm) ,而一般仅为 2. 21/rnin (0. 6gpm); 使用相距 184. 15醒的 双探测器, 以增大泥浆滤液抽排量并可测量各向异性地层渗透率; 设置电阻 /电容计室 以监控流体特性; 无冲击釆样是取样的标准形式; 双探测器及泵出预测试过程中均实行 数字反馈控制系统, 以优选流速。 本发明的内容
为使电缆地层测试器更加实用并扩大其用途, 这里提出一种新的装备, 叫做全储 层取样测试器。 全储层取样测试器可以测量裸眼井中任一深度的泥浆柱压力和地层压 力, 一次下井作业, 可测量和记录泥浆柱压力和地层压力梯度剖面。 根据各点压力测试 曲线, 可直接测定该点原始的地层动态参数。全储层取样测试器发明的更重要的目的是 大批次地获取高质量的地层原始流体样品, 在井下测试点, 可以用泵将地层流体中的泥 浆滤液抽排到井筒中, 并及时进行样品识别, 当确认流体样品已经是原始的地层流体样 品后, 进行泵抽取样, 即得到高压物性 (PVT) 样品, 这样的样品一次下井可以采集十 多次。
全储层取样测试器由地面测试与控制仪、 电缆和井下仪器组成。
全储层样测试器井下仪器由以下各部份组成: 电缆马笼头、 转换接头 AH64、 自然 伽玛短节、 电子单元、 单探测器单元、 泵抽单元、 双封隔器单元、 多取样单元。 其中自 然伽玛短节、 转换接头 AH64、 单探测器单元等均系配套设备。
地面测试与控制仪包括电源控制器、 计算机系统和相关控制、 分析解释软件; 电 子单元由井下电源和各单元控制、监测、通讯接口组成;它们又共同构成了数传电系统。 全储层取样测试器的数传电系统及资料解释系统将另行申请专利, 这里不做叙述。
泵抽单元是一个复杂的液压系统, 它上接单探测器单元, 下接多取样单元。 该单 元的功能是: 泵抽排, 将地层泥浆滤液抽排入井筒高背压泥浆中; 泵抽预测试, 泵抽单 元的抽排泵活塞设有一个吸入腔室兼有预测试功能,在液压作用下容积可以反复由零变 为某定值, 可以多次进行不同体积的预测试, 吸入腔容积最大为 500毫升, 可以提供变 化范围较大的不同的预测试流量;泵抽取样,抽排中当样品识别为地层原始流体样品时, 程控关闭泥浆滤液排出通道, 将地层流体接通到 1个取样筒中。
泵抽单元液压系统的袖箱中充满高温液压油, 油箱中设置一个平衡活塞和弹簧, 活塞将油箱和井筒泥浆隔开, 当仪器放入井中, 随深度的增加, 泥浆压力加大使平衡活 塞移动,始终保持油箱压力等于环境泥浆压力。当油箱压力大于一定压力时能自动泄压。
泵抽单元的动力系统可以使用直流无刷电机和变流量泵, 也可以使用数个交流电 机和数个定量泵构成多动力系统, 多级动力系统釆用多个电机带动多个柱塞泵。 电机启 动后, 带动定量泵运转, 将液压油泵入高压管线。 泵压传感器记录高压管线中相对于测 试点泥浆静液柱的相对压 当压力超过高压管线最大工作压力时, 定值泄压阀泄压入 油箱。
泵抽液缸活塞将液缸分成四个区, 高压管线的高压液压油分别交替进入泵抽液缸 外侧腔, 泵抽液缸的低压液压油分别交替泄入油箱, 抽排泵应有较大变化范围的不同排 量。 由电磁阀和四个二位二通液动换向阀控制泵抽液缸活塞的往复运动。泵抽液缸的往 复运动并通过四个单向阀换向, 将双封隔器单元中的地层流体样品连续不断吸入, 而且 在加压后泵入井筒或取样筒。
样品管线中设置压力传感器记录入口管线内流体相对于地面大气压力的压力值的 变化。
双封隔器单元上端和泵抽单元相连, 下端和多取样单元相连。 它的功能是将待测 地层上下封隔, 使待测地层只和全储层取样测试器的进样管连通, 进行测试或抽取被封 隔地层的样品。 它有两个封隔胶囊, 来自泵抽单元的井液通过高压总管可输入到封隔胶 囊内, 使囊体膨胀, 贴紧井壁, 形成地层的封隔段。在两封隔胶囊之间封隔器的壳体上, 有连通井液的开孔, 它是井液和地层流体输入的进样管的起点, 为了避免井液中大颗粒 的杂质进入进样管, 在入口处设置有过滤器。
双封隔器控制段是控制双封隔器的胶囊 "座封"和 "解封" 的控制组件。 双封隔 器液控段上设有一个液压油箱,内置一个平衡活塞,平衡活塞将液压油箱分隔为两部分, 活塞的外侧和井液泥浆连通。活塞的内侧充注液压油,平衡活塞可以在液压油箱内移动, 使油箱内的油压和井液的压力始终相等。 双封隔器控制段还设有隔绝阀、 密封阀、 单向 阀、 电磁阀、 泵压传感器、 泄压阀等器件以完成双封隔器的座封和解封。 在双封隔器控 制段的样品管路上还串联了一个样品识别传感器, 用以识别流过管路的流体样品的物 性。
多取样单元包括十多个取样筒、 1个自流取样筒及一系列的控制阀和转样阀。每个 取样筒容量为 450ml, 均可自由拆卸。 取样筒内有一个活塞, 将取样筒分隔成上腔和下 腔。 上腔是釆集样品的腔室, 下腔有开口和井液泥浆连通, 能够保证泵抽取样时和取样 后取样筒内的压力大大高于地层静止压力。在由封隔器控制段进入多取样单元的样品管 路中, 每个取样筒串接两个点火器开关阔, 一个常关, 第二个常通, 取样筒的启闭用点 火开关阀控制, 点火开关阀由电点火器及滑阀开关组成。 第一个阀通电即使样品管路与 设定的取样筒连通, 高压流体样品即可泵入取样筒。 泵满取样筒后, 第二个阀通电可使 开关滑阀一次性关锁, 即可以高于地层压力的状态保存好取样筒内的流体样品, 每次取 样都可以任意选定要充注样品的取样筒。 自流取样筒可以容纳 10— 20L的样品, 其前方 管路上联有密封阖, 功能之一是在取样初期可不启动泵抽而自流地将地层样品流入筒 内, 这些样品主要是不能代表地层原生样品的泥浆滤液, 用这一方法可加速排除泥浆滤 液; 功能之二是当地层渗透能力很低时, 也可将该地层点的样品采集到。 全储层取枰测试器一次下井可以任意次地旌单探测器或双封隔器, 贴靠到所有油 气层和有可能含油气的地层点, 以直接测取它们原始的地层压力、 地层温度、 地层渗透 率、 地层污染糸数, 也可以用多种流量直接测量地层釆液指数(或 V0GEL方程的解)等 动态参数, 凭借十多个取样筒, 可直接获取大批次的地层原始流体样品, 基本满足全储 层取样的需求, 也可提升取样测试资料在油气勘探与开发中的价值, 及时对这些地层原 始流体样品进行常压和常温高压物性分析, 就可得到地层流体的全部物理性质参数。 每 个地层流体样品进行常压和常温分析结果有原油密度, 粘度, 凝固点, 含水, 含砂, 含 盐, 含蜡, 含硫, 水型, 离子含量, 气体组分等, 每个地层流体样品高温高压分析结果 有饱和压力, 原始油气比, 油、 气、 水的密度, 油、 气、 水的粘度, 平均溶解系数, 油、 气、 水的体积系数, 油、 气、 水的压缩系数, 收缩率, 气体密度, 压缩因子等。 由以上 两类数据, 可以进一步解释各个地层的油、 气、 水的产量, 定量预测井口油、 气、 水的 产量, 确定气油、 气水及油水两相界面。
凭借以上大量资料, 就可以创建类似岩心库的一口井的全部储层原始地层动态全 参数数据库, 一口井的全部储层原始流体性质全参数数据库, 以指导油气田勘探和开发 工作, 大大提高它们的工作质量, 加快它们的工作速度, 提高它们的经济效益。
全储层取样测试器优化了液压回路设计, 实现了推靠与预测试分别控制; 有多流 量预测试功能, 提高了预测试精度; 将抽排泵的吸入腔室另外也用作预测试室, 并设定 了全体积、 一系列的选体积, 这有利于因地层而异优选预测试体积; 选用多动力系统, 可以扩大程控调节泵抽排量的选择范围, 充分发挥低功能电机的潜力; 地层流体饱和压 力的简易测定技术, 使优选泵抽排量变得简单; 设置双封隔器可以保证疏松砂岩、 稠油 油层和特低渗油层的成功测试; 取样筒下腔和井液泥浆连通, 使样品压力大大高于地层 静止压力, 保证各种条件下都不会低于饱和压力; 十多个原始流体样品取样筒的设置, 可极大满足一般探井取样次数的需求; 用点火开关阀控制取样筒的启闭, 简单可靠成本 低。 附图说明
图 1是本发明全储层取样测试器总体结构图;
图 2是本发明全储层取样测试器井下仪器结构图;
图 3是本发明泵抽单元的液压系统原理图;
图 4是本发明井下双封隔器单元的液压系统原理图;
图 5是本发明多取样单元的液压系统原理图。 本发明的具体实现方式
为实现全储层取样测试器发明的功能和目标, 下面描述一种比较理想的结构系列。 如图 1 所示, 全储层取样测试器井下仪器 (1 ), 由地面测井仪器车 (36) 上的电 缆 (32) 绕过滑轮 (33 ), 放入井中, 而电缆 (32 ) 由滚筒 (34) 上提或下放, 使单探 测器或双封隔器处于被测井段预定地层 (31 )位置, 然后在地面控制系统 (35) 的操作 下, 推靠或座封于地层 (31 ), 便可实施测井作业。
图 2是全储层取样测试器井下仪器结构图。 如图 2所示, 全储层取样测试器井下 仪器最多组合仪器串由以下各部分组成: 电子单元 (4) +单探测器单元(5 ) +泵抽单 元 (6) +双封隔器单元 (7) +多取样单元 (8) +底锥 (9) 组成。
另外还可以组合成以下 3 种仪器串: ①电子单元 (4 ) +单探测单元 (5) +自流 取样筒(25) +底锥(9)组成; ②电子单元(4) +单探测器单元(5) +泵抽单元(6) +多取样单元 (8) +底锥 (9 ) 组成; ③电子单元 (4) +泵抽单元 (6) +双封隔器单 元 (7) +多取样单元 (8 ) +底锥 (9) 组成。
以上四种组合仪器串, 均需要和自然伽玛短节(3), 转换接头 AH64 (2)和电缆马 笼头相联接。
电子单元 (4) 由井下电源和各单元控制电路元器件构成。
单探测器单元 (5 ) 由液压油箱 (10)、 动力段 (11 )、 上液控段 (12)、 支撑活塞 ( 13)、 单探测器 (14) 和下液控段 (15) 组成。
泵抽单元 (6 ) 由液压油箱 (16)、 多级动力段 (17 )、 泵抽上液控段 (18 )、 泵抽 液缸(19 )和泵抽下液控段(20) 组成, 可以使用选定的高于地层流体饱和压力下的最 大排量进行抽排。
双封隔器单元 (7 ) 由橡胶制成的双封隔器 (21 ) 和双封隔器控制段 (22) 组成。 多取样单元 (8 ) 由点火器开关阀 (23)、 取样筒 (24) 和自流取样筒 (25) 组成。 自然伽玛短节 (3 )、 单探测器单元 (5)、 转换接头 AH64 (2)、 测井车 (36) 均系 配套设备。
泵抽单元 (6) 是一个复杂的液压系统, 它上接单探测器单元 (5), 下接双封隔器 单元 (7)。 该单元的功能是①泵抽排滤液, 将地层泥浆滤液抽排入井筒高背压泥浆中;
②泵抽预测试, 可以进行 体积预测试、 全体积预测试、 选流量预测试、 限压预测试;
③泵抽取样, 当样品识别为地层原始流体样品时, 程控关闭泥浆滤液排出通道, 将地层 流体接通到多取样单元, 以高于泥浆静液柱压力保存地层原始流体到 1个取样筒中。 泵抽单元 (6) 的液压系统原理图, 见图 3。 泵抽单元液压系统的油箱 (42) 是一 个变体积的封闭油箱, 油箱中充满耐高温液压油, 油箱中设置一个平衡活塞 (40)和弹 簧 (41 ), 该活塞将油箱 (42) 和泥浆隔开, 当仪器放入井中, 随深度的增加, 泥浆压 力加大使平衡活塞移动, 始终保持油箱(42)压力等于环境泥浆压力。油箱充油阀(45 ) 用于向油箱充油。 当油箱压力大于 0. 69Mpa时定值皿泄压阀 (48) 泄压。
泵抽单元的动力系统有两种方案: ①直流无刷电机 +变流量泵; ②数个交、 直流 电机 (43) +数个定量泵 (44) (多动力系统)。
电机 (43 ) 启动后, 带动定量泵 (44) 运转, 将液压油泵入高压管线。 泵压传感 器(46)记录高压管线中相对于测试点泥浆静液柱的相对压力, 高压管线最大工作压力 为 24. lMpa, 当压力超过 24. IMpa时, 定值泄压阔 (47 ), 泄压入油箱。
泵抽液缸 (54) 是泵抽单元的主要组件, 液缸活塞将液缸分成四个区 (55、 56、 57、 58), 高压管线的高压液压油分别交替进入泵抽液缸 (54) 的 (55) 和 (58) 腔, 泵抽液缸 (54) 的低压液压油分别交替由腔室 (58)和腔室 (55) 泄入油箱。 由电磁阀 (49)和四个二位二通液动换向阔 (50、 51、 52、 53) 控制泵抽液缸 (54) 活塞的往复 运动。
当电磁阀 (49 ) 断电时, 高压液压油通过液压阀 (50) 进入泵抽液缸 (54) 的左 腔 (55); 泵抽液缸 (54) 的右腔 (58) 的液压油通过液压阀 (53 ) 和油箱相通, 泵抽 活塞向右移动, 运动到位后, 位置传感器接通, 电磁阀 (49) 相应通电, 高压液压油通 过电磁阀 (49 ) 注入四个换向阀 (50、 51、 52、 53 ), 液压控制各阀换向。 相应高压液 压油注入泵抽液缸右腔 (58 ), 左腔 (55) 和油箱相通, 泵油活塞向左移动。 同理, 泵 抽活塞可以连续往复运动。 泵抽液缸(54) 的往复运动将双封隔器单元中的地层流体样 品吸入和泵入井筒取样筒中。 当泵抽活塞向右移动时, 双封隔器地层流体样品从 (66) 吸入, 经单向阀 (62 )进入 (57)'腔, 与此同时 (56) 腔中的地层流体样品被加压经单 向阀 (59)注入样品高压管线 (65 ), 进而泵入井筒或取样筒; 当泵抽活塞向左运动时, 泵抽活塞 (56 ) 腔为吸入腔, 地层流体样品经 (66) 管线通过单向阀 (60) 进入 (56) 腔; 泵抽活塞 (57)腔为加压腔, 地层流体样品加压后, 经单向阀 (61 )进入样品高压 腔管线 (65)。 同理, 泵抽活塞往复运动, 通过四个单向阀 (59、 60、 61、 62) 换向, 连续不断将地层流体样品加压后泵入井筒或取样筒。
样品管线中设置应变 力计 (64) 记录入口管线内流体相对于地面大气压力的压 力值。 为了完成泵抽预测试, 在样品管线中设置电机控制的密封阀 (63 ), 当泵抽预测 试时, 密封阀 (63) 通电断开, 泵抽排停止。 井下双封隔器单元 (7) 的液压系统原理图, 见图 4。 双封隔器单元(7)上端和泵 抽单元(6) 相连, 下端和多取样单元(8)相连。 它的功能是封隔胶囊将待测地层上下 封隔, 使待测地层只和全储层取样测试器的进样管 (66)连通, 进行测试或抽取被封隔 地层的样品。
双封隔器 (21 ) 上有两 封隔胶囊 (73 ), 当来自泵抽单元 (6 ) 的井液通过高压 总管 (65 ) 可输入到封隔胶囊 (73) 内, 使囊体膨胀, 贴紧井壁, 形成地层的封隔段。 在两封隔胶囊 (73) 之间封隔器(21 ) 的壳体上, 有连通井液的开孔, 它是井液和地层 流体输入的进样管 (66) 的起点, 为了避免井液中大颗粒的杂质进入进样管, 在入口处 设置有过滤器 (74)。
双封隔器控制段 (22) 是控制双封隔器 (21 ) 的胶囊 (73 ) "座封"和 "解封" 的 控制组件。双封隔器液控段(22)上设有一个液压油箱(75), 内置一个平衡活塞(76), 平衡活塞 (76) 将液压油箱 (75) 分隔为两部分, 活塞的外测和井液泥桨连通。 活塞的 内侧充注液压油、 平衡活塞 (76) 可以在液压油箱 (75 ) 内移动, 使油箱内的油压和井 液的压力始终相等。 液压油箱 (75)和注油阀 (77), 泄压阀 (78), 隔绝阀 (79)及单 向阀 (80) 连通。 通过注油阀 (77), 可以向仪器内部加注液压油。 当仪器内部油压超 过 6. 9Mpa时可通过泄压阀 (78) 将液压油泄出。
隔绝阀 (79 ) 由活塞 (81 ) 和活塞杆 (82) 组成, 活塞 (81 ) 把隔绝阀的油缸分 成两个油腔室 (83 )和 (84), 油腔(83)和单向阀 (85 )、 电磁阀 (86 )及泄压阀 (87 ) 相连通。 当液压油通过单向阀(85)流入腔室(83 )时, 推动活塞(81 )移动, 油腔(84) 的回油流入油箱(75)。 由于活塞(81 )带动活塞杆 (82)的移动, 切断了样品管路(88) 和井液的连通。 为封隔器 "座封"做好了准备, 反之, 如果油腔 (84) 的压力高于油腔 (83)的压力, 则推动活塞(81 )和活塞杆(82) 回缩, 使样品管路(88)和井液连通, 封隔器活塞腔因卸压, 使封隔胶囊 "解封"。
泄压阀 (87) 用于当隔绝阀 (79) 的油腔 (83) 内油压超过 11. 7Mpa 时向油箱泄 压。 电磁阀 (86) 是一个两位两通常通电磁阀, 当未向电磁阀 (86) 供电时, 油压管路 和油箱连通, 以保持封隔器处于 "解封"状态, 当向电磁阀 (86) 供电后, 使油压管路 和油箱隔绝, 使隔绝阀油腔(83)可以保持一定的高油压, 使封隔器处于"座封"状态。
平衡活塞 (89 ) 的活塞 (90) 将阀腔分隔为 (91 ) 和 (92) 两个腔室, 腔室 (91 ) 和样品管路 (93) 相连, 室 (92)和液压管路连通。 活塞 (90) 分隔了液压介质, 但 可传递液压压力。
双封隔器控制段 (22) 内的样品管路上还串联了两个密封阀 (94) 和 (95), 它们 都是由直流电机 (96)和驱动滑阀 (97)构成。 密封阀的进液口和来自泵抽单元的样品. 高压管路 (65) 连通, 但阀 (94) 的出口和管路 (98) 连通。 而阀 (95) 的出口和定值 泄压阀 (106) 连通, 当向阀 (94) 和 (95) 的电机 (96) 供电时, 可以将泵抽液流输 入管路 (98)。 在管路 (98) 上串联了二个定值泄压阀 (99), 它的功能是只有当液压超 过规定值时, 才能流过。 在管路 (93)上串联了一个样品识别传感器 (100), 用以识别 流过管路 (93) 的流体样品的物性。 设置单向阀 (101) 是为了防止取样筒内的样品的 返流, 设置定值泄压阀 (102)是为了保证泵抽液压管路内压力超过 28〜32Mpa时泄压。
在流向双封隔器的封隔胶囊(73)的管路(103)上, 连接了一个泵压传感器(104) 和泄压阀 (105), 设置泵压传感器 (104) 用以监视封隔胶囊是否得到正常的挤压以达 到正常的封隔, 设置泄流阀 (105) 是为了防止封隔胶囊被过分膨胀而破损。
双封隔器的工作过程如下: 当双封隔器的封隔胶囊间距中心到达设定的待测地层 位置时, 电磁阀(86)通电, 隔绝连通油箱的通路,关断密封阀(94),开通密封阀(95)。 启动泵抽单元, 从封隔环空中抽取流体样品, 由于管路 (93) 上单向阀 (101) 后面取 样电点火阀处于关闭状态, 液流流向平衡活塞(89), 推动活塞(90)移动,把腔室(92) 中的液压油挤入隔绝阀 (79) 的下腔室 (83), 推动隔绝阀活塞 (81) 向前, 带动活塞 杆 (82) 隔绝管路 (88) 和井液的连通, 如果继续加压, 超过定值泄流阀 (102) 的设 计值, 则样品排出。
关断密封阀 (95), 幵通密封阀 (94), 继续泵抽, 若压力超过泄流阀 (99) 的设 计值, 液流就流向双封隔器的封隔胶囊 (73), 实现 "座封"。 泵压传感器 (104) 向地 面不断显示封隔地层的压力值, 若压力超过封隔器最高规定值, 则由泄压阀 (105) 泄 压; 若压力低于封隔要求的最低压力值, 则自动启动泵抽系统, 向封隔胶囊(73)补压。 完成 "座封"后, 关断密封厘(94), 就可进行泵抽预测试和取样。
完成各项测试任务后, 停止泵抽工作, 停止向电磁阀 (86) 通电, 隔绝 (79) 的 下腔 (83) 中的压力通过电磁阀 (86) 泄入油箱, 在井液的推动下, 隔绝阀活塞 (81) 和平衡活塞 (90) 恢复初始状态, ί§绝阀活塞¾管路 (88) 和井液泥浆连通, 双封隔器 的封隔胶囊 (73) 在井液泥桨压迫下卸压, 封隔器 "解封", 仪器可以转移到另一个测 试位置重复上面的工作。
多取样单元 (8) 的液压系统原理图, 见图 5。 在由封隔器控制段 (22) 进入多取 样单元(8)的样品管路(9'3)中,每个取样筒串接两个点火器开关阀(23— 1和 23-2), 第一个 (23— 1) 常断, 第二个 (23— 2) 常通。 以第一个取样筒 (24—1) 为例, 第一 个阀 (23— 1) 通电即点燃点火器 (26) 的火药, 产生的高压气体使开关滑阀 (27) ― 次性解锁, 然后利用泵抽压力推动滑阀, 使样品管路 (93) 与选定的取样筒 (24— 1 ) 连通, 高压流体样品即可泵入取样筒 (24— 1 )。 泵满取样筒后, 第二个阀 (23-2) 通 电即点燃点火器 (28) 的火药, 产生的高压气体使开关滑阀 (29 ) 一次性关锁, 即可以 高于地层压力的状态保存好取样筒内的流体样品, 每次取样都可以任意选定要充注样品 的取样筒。
这样的取样筒有 11个 (24— 1〜24—11 ), 每个容量为 450ral。 自流取样筒 (25) 仅 1个, 容量为 10L或 20L, 它们都是高压容器。 取样筒 (24) 内有一个活塞 (110), 将取样筒 (24) 分隔成上腔 (111 ) 和下腔 (112)。 上腔 (111 ) 是采集样品的腔室, 下 腔(112) 有开口和井液泥桨连通, 取样筒的上端还设置有手动转样阀 (113)和手动两 位三通阀 (114), 下井前置于如图位置。 在把取样筒组成从全储层取样测试器上取下来 之前要拧动两位三通阀 (114) 换位, 把样品密封在取样筒(111 ) 内, 并把管路上的压 力排除。 转样阀 (113 ) 用于从取样腔 (111 ) 内转出样品, 此时取样筒下腔 (112 ) 上 可外接管路, 利用泵压推动活塞 〔110 ), 从转样阀 (113 ) 转出样品, 也可以利用外部 泵压将活塞 (110 ) 推到取样筒 (24) 的最上端, 做好下次取样前的准备工作。
自流取样筒(25)之前在管路上联有密封阀 (116)。 自流取样筒可以容纳 10— 20L 的样品。其功能之一是在取样初期可不启动泵抽而自流地将地层样品流入筒内, 这些样 品主要是不能代表地层原始样品的泥浆滤液, 用这一方法可加速排除泥浆滤液。其功能 之二是当地层渗透能力很低时, 也可将该地层点的样品釆集到。 节流阀 (115 ) 可以在 地面根据以往测井资料判断选定不同效果的节流塞组合, 以控制流入自流取样筒 (25) 的样品的流速, 防止单探测单元 (5) 的封隔垫因压降过大 地层出砂严重, 造成密封 失效而取样失败。
多取样单元的工作过程如下:
当全储层取样测试器到达预定井位, 成功封隔并完成各项测试后, 如果要实施取 样, 可以先使泵抽单元 (6 ) 的电机断电, 开通自流取样筒 (25 ) 前的密封阀 (116), 来自单探测器单元或双封隔器单元的样品自流排入自流取样筒(25 )。 启动泵抽系统后, 泥浆滤液可通过双封隔器单元中的阀 (106) 排出。 通过设置在双封隔器控制段 ( 22 ) 中的样品识别传感器 (100 ) 的判定, 样品管路中的样品为合格样液时, 首先使密封阀
(95) 通电关断, 然后开通选定的一个取样筒前的点火开关阀 (23-1 ), 用泵压推动取 样筒中的活塞(110), 并 ί取样筒上腔室泵注样品, 泵注满后关断另一个点火器开关阀
(23-2) 的通路。

Claims

权利 要 求
1、 一种全储层取样测试器, 由地面测试与控制仪和井下仪器组成, 其特征在于全 储层取样测试器井下仪器包括: 电缆马笼头、转换接头 AH64、 自然伽玛短节、电子单元、 单探测器单元、 泵抽单元、 双封隔器单元、 多取样单元; 地面测试与控制仪包括电源控 制器、 计算机系统和相关控制、 分析解释软件; 泵抽单元上接单探测器单元, 下接多取 样单元, 该单元的功能是: 泵抽排, 将地层泥浆滤液抽排入井筒高背压泥浆中; 泵抽预 测试,可以进行不同体积预测试;泵抽取样,抽排中当样品识别为地层原始流体样品时, 程控关闭泥桨滤液排出通道, 将地层流体抽取到取样筒中。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于泵抽单元的抽排泵活塞 设有一个吸入腔室兼有预测试功能, 在液压作用下容积可以反复由零变为某定值, 可以 多次进行预测试。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于吸入腔容积最大为 500 毫升, 可以提供变化范围较大的不同的预测试流量, 以适应不同地层的需要。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于泵抽单元的动力系统可 以使用直流无刷电机和变流量泵, 也可以使用数个交流电机和数个定量泵构成多动力系 统, 多级动力系统采用多个电机带动多个柱塞泵, 提供各种预测试流量, 通过一次下井 测试, 可以测定一口井全部储层的动态参数和原始地层油、 气、 水产量。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于泵抽单元由液压油箱、 多级动力段、 泵抽上液控段、 泵抽液缸和泵抽下液控段组成, 可以使用选定的高于地层 流体饱和压力下的最大排量进行抽排。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于泵抽单元的动力系 统可以使用直流无刷电机和变流量泵, 也可以使用数个交流电机和数个定量泵构成多动 力系统, 多级动力系统采用多个电机带动多个柱塞泵, 抽排泵可提供较大变化范围的不 同泵抽排排量, 以适应不同地层的需要。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于多取样单元包括多个取 样筒、 1个自流取样筒及一系列的控制阀和转样阀, 取样筒内有一个活塞, 将取样筒分 隔成上腔和下腔, 上腔是采集样品的腔室, 下腔有开口和井液泥浆连通, 能够保证泵抽 取样时和取样后取样筒内 压力大大高于地层静止压力。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于每个取样筒串接两个点 火器开关阀, 一个常关, 第二个常通, 取样筒的启闭用点火开关阀控制, 点火开关阀由 电点火器及滑阀开关组成。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于双封隔器设控制段是控 制双封隔器的胶囊 "座封"和 "解封"的控制组件, 双封隔器液控段上设有一个液压油 箱, 内置一个平衡活塞, 平衡活塞将液压油箱分隔为两部分, 活塞的外侧和井液泥浆连 通, 活塞的内侧充注液压油, 平衡活塞可以在液压油箱内移动, 使油箱内的油压和井液 的压力始终相等, 双封隔器控制段还设有隔绝阀、 密封阀、 单向阀、 电磁阀、 泵压传感 器、 泄压阀等器件以完成双封隔器的座封和解封, 在双封隔器控制段的样品管路上还串 联了一个样品识别传感器, 用以识别流过管路的流体样品的物性, 可以获取储层的原始 地层流体。
10、 根据权利要求 1和 9所述的全储层取样测试器, 其特征在于取样单元有十多 个取样筒, 可直接获取大批次的地层原始流体样品, 原始流体样品经实验室高温高压和 常压分析, 可以创立一口井全部储层的原始流体物理性质全参数数据库。
PCT/CN2002/000378 2001-06-07 2002-05-31 Appareil pour prelever des echantillons et realiser une diagraphie dans toutes les zones de production d'un puits WO2002103159A1 (fr)

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