WO2002092558A1 - Derives lipidiques de polythiouree - Google Patents
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- WO2002092558A1 WO2002092558A1 PCT/FR2002/001626 FR0201626W WO02092558A1 WO 2002092558 A1 WO2002092558 A1 WO 2002092558A1 FR 0201626 W FR0201626 W FR 0201626W WO 02092558 A1 WO02092558 A1 WO 02092558A1
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- C07C335/04—Derivatives of thiourea
- C07C335/06—Derivatives of thiourea having nitrogen atoms of thiourea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to new compounds which allow the transfer of nucleic acids into cells. More specifically, these new compounds are lipid derivatives of polythiourea. They are useful for the in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo transfection of nucleic acids in different cell types.
- nucleic acids into cells may be the transfer of nucleic acids into cells in vitro, for example for the production of recombinant proteins, or in the laboratory, for the study of the regulation of gene expression, the cloning of genes, or any other manipulation involving DNA. It can also involve the transfer of nucleic acids into cells in vivo, for example for the creation of transgenic animals, the production of vaccines, labeling studies or also therapeutic approaches. It may also involve the transfer of nucleic acids into cells ex vivo, in approaches to bone marrow transplants, immunotherapy or other methods involving the transfer of genes into cells taken from an organism, in particular view of their subsequent re-administration.
- lipids comprising a quaternary ammonium group for example DOTMA, DOTAP, DMRIE, DLRIE
- lipopolyamines such as for example DOGS, DC-Chol or else lipopolyamines disclosed in patent application WO 97/18185
- lipids combining both a quaternary ammonium group and a polyamine such as DOSPA
- lipids comprising various other cationic entities in particular amidinium groups (for example 1ADPDE, ADODE or the lipids of patent application WO 97/31935).
- the object of the present invention is precisely to propose new transfecting compounds which are original in their polythiourea function and which are capable of being used effectively for the transfection in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo of nucleic acids.
- These new compounds are particularly interesting because: - the absence of positive charges in their structure makes it possible to solve the numerous problems raised by the use of cationic vectors discussed above, - like cationic lipids, they are capable of complexing and compact nucleic acids and promote their transfection.
- the present invention thus has as its first object transfecting compounds characterized in that they consist of a polythiourea part connected to a lipid via a spacer.
- the subject of the present invention is transfecting compounds of general formula (I):
- n is an integer chosen from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6,
- R represents either a hydrogen atom or a group of general formula (II) as defined above, it being understood that when n is 1 and $ is 0, then at least one group R is of formula (II)
- X in formulas (I) and (II), represents a linear or cyclic aliphatic group, saturated or unsaturated, and comprising 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a mercaptomethyl group (-CH SH), or else a chosen hydrophilic chain among the groups:
- • and L represents: - either a group -N (RR 2 with R] and R 2 which represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or else a fatty aliphatic chain, or else a group of formula - (CH) t -OZ with t representing an integer chosen from 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 and Z represents a sugar, a polyol or a PEG, it being understood that at least one of Ri and of R is different from hydrogen,
- R 3 which represents a steroid derivative.
- the term “spacer” means any chemical group which makes it possible both to ensure the bond between the polythiourea part and the lipid part of the molecule, and to separate these two parts in order to attenuate any non-interaction. desired between them.
- Preferred spacers can for example consist of one or more chemical functions chosen from alkyls having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ketone, ester, ether, amide, amidine, carbamate, thiocarbamate, glycerol, urea, thiourea, or even aromatic cycles.
- the spacer Y can be chosen from the groups of formula:
- i and j are integers chosen between 1 and 6 inclusive and W is a group chosen from the functions ketone, ester, ether, amide, amidine, carbamate, thiocarbamate, glycerol, urea, thiourea, or even aromatic cycles,
- fatty aliphatic chains means alkyl groups containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms, provided that said fatty aliphatic chains have lipid properties.
- these are linear or branched alkyl groups containing 10 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 unsaturations.
- said alkyl groups comprise 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms. Mention may more particularly be made of the aliphatic groups - (CH 2 ) nCH 3 , - (CH 2 ) i 3 CH 3 , (CH 2 ) 15 CH 3 and - (CH 2 ) 17 CH 3 .
- the term “sugar” means any molecule consisting of one or more saccharides.
- sugars such as pyranoses and furanoses, for example glucose, mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose, or even maltose, lactose, sucrose, sucrose, fucose, cellobiose, allose, laminarabiose, gentiobiose, sophorose, melibiose, etc.
- the sugar or sugars are chosen from glucose, mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose, lactose, sucrose and cellobiose.
- sugars that is to say several sugars covalently coupled to each other, each sugar preferably being chosen from the list cited above.
- suitable polysaccharides mention may be made of dextran, P ⁇ -amylose, amylopectin, fructans, mannans, xylans and arabinans.
- Certain preferred sugars can also interact with cellular receptors, such as certain types of lectins.
- polyol also means any linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon molecule comprising at least two hydroxy functions.
- the polyols are chosen from the alcohols of general formula:
- s is chosen from 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
- the compounds of general formula (I) according to the invention contain a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group, this generally comprises between 2 and 120 units -OCH 2 CH 2 O-, and preferably between 2 and 80 units - OCH 2 CH 2 O-.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- They may be simple PEGs, that is to say the end of the chain of which is terminated by a hydroxyl group, or else PEGs whose terminal group is chosen from alkyls, for example methyl.
- the term “steroid derivatives” means polycyclic cholestane-type compounds.
- These compounds may or may not be natural and are more preferably chosen from cholesterol, cholestanol, 3- ⁇ - 5-cyclo-5- -cholestan-6- ⁇ -ol, cholic acid, cholesteryl formiate, chotestanylformiate, 3 ⁇ , 5-cyclo-5 -cholestan-6 ⁇ -yl formate, cholesterylamine, 6- (1,5-dimethylhexyl) -3a, 5a-dimethylhexadecahydrocyclopenta [a] cyclopropa [2,3] - cyclopenta [1,2 -f] naphtha-len-10-ylamine, or cholestanylamine.
- the transfecting compounds have the general formula (III):
- Ri and R 2 represent, independently of one another , a hydrogen atom or a fatty aliphatic chain, it being understood that at least one of Ri and R 2 is different from hydrogen.
- the transfecting compounds of the invention have the general formula (IV):
- Ri and R 2 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a fatty aliphatic chain, it being understood that at least one of Ri and R 2 is different from hydrogen. It is understood that the present invention also relates to the isomers of the products of general formula (I) when they exist, as well as their mixtures.
- the amine of formula is first formed HN (Ri) R2.
- Said amine can be obtained by condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine, one containing the substituent Rj and the other the substituent R 2 to form the corresponding amide, followed by reduction of said amide thus obtained.
- the formation of the amide is advantageously carried out by mixing the constituents and melting by heating at a temperature above the melting temperature of the substances involved, generally between 20 ° C. and 200 ° C., then elimination of the water produced by dehydration. middle; or more advantageously in the presence of a desiccant such as for example phosphorus pentoxide or any other substance capable of absorbing water.
- a desiccant such as for example phosphorus pentoxide or any other substance capable of absorbing water.
- the formation of this intermediate amide can also be done using a variant of this method or any other method of amide formation (such as for example peptide-type coupling) involving the carboxylic acids or their derivatives, conditions and reagents various [RC Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Editeurs] and well known to those skilled in the art.
- the reduction of the amide previously obtained to the amine of formula HN (Ri) R 2 can be carried out for example by using a reducing agent such as double hydride of lithium and aluminum, or any other hydride or reducing agent effective in this case . It is then preferably carried out in a non-protic solvent (for example the tetrahydrofuran or ethers), at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent and under a dry and / or inert atmosphere.
- a non-protic solvent for example the tetrahydrofuran or ethers
- the lipid part designated as HN (R 1 ) R 2 may be commercially available.
- Ri and / or R 2 represents (s) a group of formula - (CH 2 ) t -OZ
- the procedure is described above to form the alkyl part, then a simple coupling is carried out with a sugar, a polyol or a commercial PEG according to conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- lipid part L of the compounds of general formula (I) is represented by a group -OR 3 , this is preferably chosen from the products available on the market.
- an amide bond is produced by N-acylation of the lipid part L in an appropriate solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or any other ether, at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent , and under a dry and / or inert atmosphere.
- This reaction preferably takes place in the presence of an amino base such as NN-dimethylaminopyridine, or in the presence of this base mixed with non-nucleophilic amino bases such as triethylamine or alternatively ethyldiisopropylamine.
- Pyridine can also be used, alone or in admixture with another base, diluted with one of the solvents mentioned or used itself as a solvent.
- the third part of the synthesis of the compounds of general formula (I) consists in the successive introduction of the thiourea units. This will be carried out in a series of reactions which can be repeated as many times as necessary to obtain the desired polythiourea part. According to a preferred method, the procedure is as follows:
- the first part of the motif in the form of a link -HN- (CHR) m - is grafted to the group YC (O) -L obtained in the previous step.
- a coupling agent for example the hexafluorophosphorus of l-benzotriazolyloxytris (pyrrolidino) phosphonium (PyBOP ), l-benzotriazolyloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphorus (BOP), hexafluorophosphorus or O- tetrafluoroborate (1H-benzotriazol-l-yl) -N, N, N ', N'- tetramethyluronium (HBTU or TBTU) , dicyclohexylcarbodumide (DCC), 1-
- This coupling is carried out in a suitable solvent, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or any other ether, at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent, and under a dry and / or inert atmosphere.
- a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or any other ether
- the procedure is also carried out in the presence of a non-nucleophilic amino base, for example ethyldiisopropylamine, triethylamine or even triisopropylamine.
- a SC ⁇ - (CHR) m - type sequence, or a precursor can be grafted, thus making it possible to continue the synthesis by a step such as that described above. after in C),
- the reaction is advantageously carried out in a solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, or any other compatible ethereal solvent, at a temperature varying between that of the refrigerant mixtures and approximately 20 ° C. It also operates in the presence of an agent capable of promoting the reaction and / or trapping the hydrogen. sulfide released during the reaction, for example dicyclohexylcarbodumide (DCC).
- a solvent such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, or any other compatible ethereal solvent
- the thiourea motif is formed from the isothiocyanate obtained in the preceding step so as to allow, if necessary, the introduction of another segment of formula - (CHR) m -.
- a diamine of formula H 2 N- (CHR) m -NH 2 is reacted, in its neutral form or in the form of the acid salt, with the isothiocyanate obtained in the previous step.
- This reaction is optionally carried out in the presence of a non-nucleophilic amino base, for example triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, triisopropylamine or alternatively 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU).
- a non-nucleophilic amino base for example triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, triisopropylamine or alternatively 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU).
- DBU 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
- the operation is preferably carried out in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or any other compatible ether or solvent, at a temperature which may be between that of the refrigerant mixtures and the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- steps B) and C) described above are repeated sequentially and in the required order, until the target structure is obtained, so as to introduce the desired pattern in n copies.
- the procedure is analogous by introducing at the appropriate time the molecule (s) required to obtain a substitution R as described by formula (II).
- the last step allowing the termination of the polythiourea type chain (s) consists in the introduction of the substituent X.
- substituent X represents an alkyl
- a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or any other compatible ether, at a temperature between the temperature of the cooling mixtures and the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- each step of the preparation process can be followed, where appropriate, by steps of separation and purification of the compound obtained according to any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the preferred compounds according to the present invention are 3- (2- "i 3- [2- (3- * i 2- [3- (dissetradécylcarbamoyl) propionylamino] ethyl r thiouréido) ethyl] thiouréido fethyl) -l-methylthiourée or DT-3TU, which includes three thioureas and corresponds to formula (I) in which X is a -CH3, m is equal to
- R hydrogen
- l 0,
- L -N (Ri) R 2
- Y NH-CO-CH 2 -CH 2 .
- compositions comprising a transfecting compound according to the invention and a nucleic acid.
- the respective amounts of each component can be easily adjusted by those skilled in the art depending on the transfecting compound used, the nucleic acid, and the desired applications (in particular the type of cells to be transfected).
- nucleic acid is understood to mean both a deoxyribonucleic acid and a ribonucleic acid. They can be natural or artificial sequences, and in particular genomic DNA (gDNA), complementary DNA (cDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (RRNA), hybrid sequences such as DNA / RNA chemoplasts or synthetic or semi-synthetic sequences, of modified or unmodified oligonucleotides. These nucleic acids can be of human, animal, plant, bacterial, viral, etc. origin.
- They can be obtained by any technique known to those skilled in the art, and in particular by screening of banks, by chemical synthesis, or also by mixed methods including chemical or enzymatic modification of sequences obtained by screening of libraries. They can be chemically modified. In general, they contain at least 10, 20, 50 or 100 consecutive nucleotides, and preferably at least 200 consecutive nucleotides. Even more preferably, they contain at least 500 consecutive nucleotides.
- deoxyribonucleic acids can be single or double stranded, as can short oligonucleotides or longer sequences.
- the nucleic acids advantageously consist of plasmids, vectors, episomes, expression cassettes, etc.
- deoxyribonucleic acids can carry an origin of prokaryotic or eukaryotic replication, whether or not functional in the target cell, one or more several marker genes, transcription or replication regulatory sequences, genes of therapeutic interest, antisense sequences modified or not, regions of binding to other cellular components, etc.
- the nucleic acid comprises one or more genes of therapeutic interest under the control of regulatory sequences, for example one or more promoters and a transcriptional terminator active in the target cells.
- regulatory sequences for example one or more promoters and a transcriptional terminator active in the target cells.
- the term “gene of therapeutic interest” in particular means any gene coding for a protein product having a therapeutic effect.
- the protein product thus coded can in particular be a protein or a peptide.
- This protein product can be exogenous homologous or endogenous with respect to the target cell, that is to say a product which is normally expressed in the target cell when the latter presents no pathology.
- the expression of a protein makes it possible for example to compensate for an insufficient expression in the cell or the expression of an inactive or weakly active protein due to a modification, or else to overexpress said protein.
- the gene of therapeutic interest can also code for a mutant of a cellular protein, having increased stability, modified activity, etc.
- the protein product can also be heterologous with respect to the target cell.
- an expressed protein can, for example, supplement or bring about a deficient activity in the cell, allowing it to fight against a pathology, or stimulate an immune response.
- therapeutic products within the meaning of the present invention, there may be mentioned more particularly enzymes, blood derivatives, hormones, lymphokines and cytokines as well as their inhibitors or their antagonists: interleukins, interferons, TNF, interleukin antagonists 1, the soluble interleukin 1 or TNF ⁇ receptors, etc.
- FR 92/03120 growth factors, neurotransmitters or their precursors or synthetic enzymes, trophic factors (BDNF, CNTF, NGF, IGF , GMF, aFGF, bFGF, VEGF-B, NT3, NT5, HARP / pleiotrophin, etc.) apolipoproteins (ApoAI, ApoAIV, ApoE, etc., FR 93/05125), dystrophin or a minidystrophin (FR 91 / 11947), the CFTR protein associated with cystic fibrosis, tumor suppressor genes (p53, Rb, RaplA, DCC, k-rev, etc., FR 93/04745), the genes coding for factors involved in coagulation (Factors VII, VIII, IX), the genes involved in DNA repair, the g nes suicides (thymidine kinase, cytosine deaminase), genes for hemoglobin or other proteinace
- the nucleic acid of therapeutic interest can also be an antisense gene or sequence or a DNA coding for a ribozyme-functional RNA, the expression of which in the target cell makes it possible to control the expression of genes or the transcription of Cellular mRNAs.
- Such sequences can, for example, be transcribed in the target cell into RNAs complementary to cellular mRNAs and thus block their translation into protein, according to the technique described in patent EP 140 308.
- the therapeutic genes also include the sequences coding for ribozymes, which are capable of selectively destroying target RNAs (EP 321,201).
- the nucleic acid can also contain one or more genes coding for an antigenic peptide, capable of generating in humans or animals an immune response.
- the invention allows the production of either vaccines or immunotherapeutic treatments applied to humans or animals, in particular for treating or preventing infections, for example viral or bacterial, or cancerous.
- These may in particular be antigenic peptides specific for the Epstein Barr virus, the HIV virus, the hepatitis B virus (EP 185 573), the pseudo-rabies virus, the "syncitia forming viras", d other viruses or tumor-specific antigenic peptides (EP 259,212).
- the nucleic acid also comprises sequences allowing the expression of the gene of therapeutic interest and / or of the gene coding for the antigenic peptide in the desired cell or organ.
- sequences which are naturally responsible for the expression of the gene considered when these sequences are capable of functioning in the infected cell. It can also be sequences of different origin (responsible for the expression of other proteins, or even synthetic).
- they may be promoter sequences of eukaryotic or viral genes.
- they may be promoter sequences originating from the genome of the cell which it is desired to infect.
- they may be promoter sequences originating from the genome of a virus.
- promoters of the El A, MLP, CMV, RSV, etc. genes can be modified by adding activation, regulation sequences, etc. It can also be a promoter, inducible or repressible.
- the nucleic acid can also comprise, in particular upstream of the gene of therapeutic interest, a signal sequence directing the therapeutic product synthesized in the secretory pathways of the target cell.
- This signal sequence may be the natural signal sequence of the therapeutic product, but it may also be any other functional signal sequence, or an artificial signal sequence.
- the nucleic acid may also include a signal sequence directing the synthesized therapeutic product to a particular compartment of the cell.
- compositions according to the invention may also comprise one or more adjuvants capable of associating with the transfecting compound / nucleic acid complexes and of improving their transfecting power.
- the The present invention therefore relates to compositions comprising a nucleic acid, a transfecting compound as defined above and at least one adjuvant capable of associating with the transfecting compound / nucleic acid complexes and of improving their transfecting power.
- This type of adjuvant lipids, peptides, proteins or polymers for example
- compositions of the invention may comprise, as an adjuvant, one or more neutral lipids, which in particular have the property of forming lipid aggregates.
- lipid aggregate is a generic term that includes liposomes of all types (both unilamellar and multilamellar) as well as micelles or more amorphous aggregates.
- the neutral lipids used in the context of the present invention are lipids with two fatty chains.
- natural or synthetic lipids are used, zwitterionic or devoid of ionic charge under physiological conditions. They can be chosen more particularly from dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), roleoylpalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), distearoyl, -palmitoyl, -mirystoylphosphatidylethanolamines as well as their N-methyl glycol derivatives, phosphatidyl glycols, such as in particular galactocerebrosides), sphingolipids (such as in particular sphingomyelins) or alternatively asialogangliosides (such as in particular asialoGMl and GM2).
- the lipid adjuvants used in the context of the present invention are chosen from DOPE, DOPC or cholesterol.
- compositions of the invention comprise from 0.01 to 20 equivalents of adjuvant for one equivalent of nucleic acid in mol / mol and, more preferably, from 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents.
- the adjuvants mentioned above making it possible to improve the transfecting power of the compositions according to the present invention in particular the peptides, proteins or certain polymers such as polyethylene glycol, can be conjugated to the transfecting compounds according to the invention , not just mixed. In this case, they are covalently linked either to the substituent X in the general formula (I), or to the end of the alkyl chain (s) R] and / or R 2 when these are fatty aliphatic chains. It is also advantageous to use as an adjuvant, polyethylene glycol covalently linked to cholesterol (chol-PEG).
- chol-PEG polyethylene glycol covalently linked to cholesterol
- the amount of transfectant, for example DT-3 TU used according to the present invention is such that the particles have sizes less than 500 nm.
- the amount of transfectant, such as the DT-3TU used is at least 40 nmol of DT-3TU lipids / ⁇ g of DNA (see Examples 11, 13, and 14, below).
- compositions according to the present invention further comprise a targeting element making it possible to direct the transfer of the nucleic acid.
- This targeting element can be an extracellular targeting element making it possible to direct the transfer of the nucleic acid towards certain cell types or certain desired tissues (tumor cells, hepatic cells, hematopoietic cells, etc.). It can also be an intracellular targeting element making it possible to direct the transfer of the nucleic acid towards certain privileged cellular compartments (mitochondria, nucleus etc.).
- the targeting element can be mixed with the transfecting compounds according to the invention and with the nucleic acids, and in this case the targeting element is preferably covalently linked to a fatty alkyl chain (at least 10 atoms of carbon) or to a polyethylene glycol. According to another alternative, the targeting element is covalently linked to the transfecting compound according to the invention, either at the level of the substituent X, or on the spacer Y, or even at the end of Ri and / or R 2 when those these represent fatty aliphatic chains. Finally, the targeting element can also be linked to the nucleic acid as was specified above.
- sugars peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, lipids, neuromediators, hormones, vitamins or their derivatives.
- these are sugars, peptides, vitamins or proteins such as for example antibodies or antibody fragments, cell receptor ligands or fragments thereof, receptors or even fragments of receptors.
- they may be ligands for growth factor receptors, cytokine receptors, cellular lectin receptors, folate receptors, or ligands with RGD sequence with an affinity for the receptors for protein adhesion like integrins.
- the targeting element can also be a sugar making it possible to target lectins such as receptors for asialoglycoproteins or syalydes such as Sialyl Lewis X, or alternatively an Fab fragment of antibodies, or a single chain antibody (ScFv).
- lectins such as receptors for asialoglycoproteins or syalydes such as Sialyl Lewis X, or alternatively an Fab fragment of antibodies, or a single chain antibody (ScFv).
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the transfecting compounds as defined above for the transfer of nucleic acids into cells in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo. More specifically, the subject of the present invention is the use of the transfecting compounds according to the invention for the preparation of a medicament intended for treating diseases, in particular diseases which result from a deficiency in a protein or nucleic product.
- the polynucleotide contained in said drug encodes said protein or nucleic product, or constitutes said nucleic product, capable of correcting said diseases in vivo or ex vivo.
- compositions according to the invention can be formulated for topical, cutaneous, oral administration. , rectal, vaginal, parenteral, intranasal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraocular, transdermal, intratracheal, intraperitoneal, etc.
- the compositions of the invention contain a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle for an injectable formulation, in particular for a direct injection into the desired organ, or for topical administration (on the skin and / or mucosa).
- nucleic acids used for the injection may in particular be sterile, isotonic solutions, or dry compositions, in particular lyophilized, which, by addition as appropriate of sterilized water or physiological saline, allow the constitution of injectable solutes.
- the doses of nucleic acids used for the injection as well as the number of administrations can be adapted according to various parameters, and in particular according to the mode of administration used, the pathology concerned, the gene to be expressed, or the duration of the treatment sought.
- the mode of administration it may be either a direct injection into the tissues, for example at the level of tumors, or an injection into the circulatory tract, or a treatment for cells in culture followed by their reimplantation in vivo, by injection or graft.
- the tissues concerned in the context of the present invention are for example the muscles, the skin, the brain, the lungs, the liver, the spleen, the bone marrow, the thymus, the heart, the lymph, the blood, the bones, cartilage, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, stomach, intestines, testes, ovaries, rectum, nervous system, eyes, glands, connective tissue, etc.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a method for transferring nucleic acids into cells, comprising the following steps:
- the invention further relates to a method of treatment of the human or animal body comprising the following steps:
- the contacting of the cells with the complex can be carried out by incubation of the cells with the said complex (for uses in vitro or ex vivo), or by injection of the complex into an organism (for uses in vivo).
- the quantity of nucleic acid intended to be administered depends on very many factors such as for example the disease to be treated or to be prevented, the very nature of the nucleic acid, the strength of the promoter, the activity the product expressed by the nucleic acid, the physical condition of the individual or animal (weight, age, etc.), the method of administration and the type of formulation.
- the incubation is preferably carried out in the presence of, for example, from 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ g of nucleic acid per 10 6 cells.
- doses of nucleic acid ranging from 0.01 to 50 mg can for example be used. Administration can be done as a single dose or repeated at intervals.
- compositions of the invention additionally contain one or more adjuvants as defined above
- the adjuvant (s) are previously mixed with the transfecting compound according to the invention and / or with the nucleic acid.
- the adjuvant (s) can be administered prior to the administration of the nucleolipid complexes.
- the tissues can be subjected to a chemical or physical treatment intended to improve the transfection.
- this can use electrical pulses as in the case of electrotransfer, or mechanical jibs as in the case of sodoporation.
- the present invention thus provides a particularly advantageous method for the transfer of nucleic acids in vivo, in particular for the treatment of diseases, comprising the administration in vivo or in vitro of a nucleic acid coding for a protein or capable of being transcribed into a nucleic acid capable of correcting said disease, said nucleic acid being associated with a transfecting compound according to the invention under the conditions defined above.
- the transfecting compounds of the invention are particularly useful for the transfer of nucleic acids into primary cells or into established lines. It can be fibroblastic, muscular, nervous cells (neurons, astrocytes, glial cells), hepatic, hematopoietic (lymphocytes, CD34, dendritics, etc.), epithelial etc., in differentiated or pluripotent form (precursors).
- kits which comprise one or more transfecting compounds according to the invention and / or their mixtures.
- Such kits can be in the form of a compartmentalized package so as to receive different containers such as, for example, ampoules or tubes.
- Each of these containers comprises the various elements necessary for carrying out the transfection, individually or mixed: for example one or more transfecting compound (s) according to the invention, one or more nucleic acid (s), one or adjuvant (s), cells, etc.
- the present invention also includes other characteristics and advantages which will emerge from the examples and figures which follow, and which should be considered as illustrating the invention without limiting its scope.
- the Applicant proposes, without limitation, an operating protocol as well as reaction intermediates which can be used to prepare the transfecting compounds according to the invention.
- an operating protocol as well as reaction intermediates which can be used to prepare the transfecting compounds according to the invention.
- reaction intermediates which can be used to prepare the transfecting compounds according to the invention.
- TFA trifluoroacetic acid
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Figure 1 Evolution of the fluorescence rate (in%) as a function of the amount of EPC / DT-3TU mixture (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of nucleic acid and as a function of the amount of EPC alone (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of acid nucleic acid (control mixture).
- Figure 2 Evolution of the fluorescence rate (in%) as a function of the amount of DPPC / DT-3TU mixture (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of nucleic acid and as a function of the amount of DPPC alone (in nmoles) per ⁇ g d nucleic acid (control mixture).
- Figure 3 Agarose gel (0.8% / TBE) showing the compaction of the plasmid pXL3031 ( ⁇ g) as a function of the amount of EPC / DT-3TU liposome (in nmoles) used.
- Figure 4 Zeta potential (in mV) corresponding to the surface potential of the DPPC / DT-3TU-DNA liposomes as a function of the amount of lipid (nmoles) per ⁇ g of nucleic acid.
- Figure 5 Efficiency of in vitro transfection of HeLa cells by complexes formed between DNA and DT-3TU / DPPC liposomes (1: 2), with different lipid / DNA ratios in nmoles / ⁇ g, with or without serum.
- the ordinate axis represents the expression of luciferase in RLU / ⁇ g of protein.
- the abscissa axis indicates the amount of DT-3TU (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of DNA.
- Figure 6 Protein level (absorbance) of HeLa cells not treated or treated with EPC + DT-3TU / DNA liposomes at different lipid / DNA ratios in nmoles / ⁇ g.
- Figure 7 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3031.
- Figure 8 Agarose gel (0.8% / TBE) showing the compaction of the plasmid pXL3031 ( ⁇ g) as a function of the amount of DT-3TU / DPPC nanoemulsion (in nmoles) used.
- Figure 9 Agarose gel (0.8% / TBE) showing the compaction of the plasmid pXL3031 ( ⁇ g) as a function of the amount of DT-3TU / DPPC / Chol-PEG nanoemulsion (in nmoles) used.
- Figure 10 Evolution of the percentage of DNA compacted as a function of the quantity of DT-4TU / DPPC mixture (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of nucleic acid in comparison with different quantities of the DT-3TU / DPPC mixture (in nmoles) per ⁇ g of acid nucleic.
- Figure 11 Agarose gel (0.8% / TBE) showing the protection of the plasmid ⁇ XL3031 ( ⁇ g) by the mixture of DT-3TU / DPPC lipids against DNases.
- the control DNA in the presence of DNases was deposited in well 2
- the DNA in the presence of 30, 40 mnol of lipid / ⁇ g of DNA and 40nmol / ⁇ g + 6% chol-PEG treated with DNase were deposited in wells 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
- Figure 12 Agarose gel (0.8% / TBE) showing the protection of the plasmid pXL3031 ( ⁇ g) by the mixture of lipids DT-3TU / DPPC vis-à-vis the serum.
- Well 1 corresponds to DNA alone, wells 2 and 3 to DNA alone and in the presence of 40nmol / ⁇ g of DT-3TU / DPPC nanoemulsions in 150mM NaCl then in 20% serum (wells 4 and 5) and in 100% serum (wells 6 and 7).
- Figure 13 Efficiency of in vivo transfection in muscle by complexes formed between DNA and DT-3TU / DPPC liposomes, at different lipid / DNA ratios in nmoles / ⁇ g with and without electrotransfer (e- / e +).
- Figure 14 Biodistribution in vivo in mice of DT-3TU / DPPC / DOPE-Rh / DNA complexes after 30 min, 1 h and 6 h in blood, lungs and the RES system. This figure shows the stealth character of these particles: 50% of complexes were found after 30 minutes in the blood circulation.
- reagents and catalysts such as triethylamine, trifluoroacetic acid,? -Toluene sulfonic acid, benzotriazol- 1 -yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), dicylclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), carbon disulfide, tetradec di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, or even diisopropylethylamine are commercially available.
- PyBOP benzotriazol- 1 -yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate
- DCC dicylclohexylcarbodiimide
- carbon disulfide tetradec di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
- 4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- diisopropylethylamine are commercial
- the nucleic acid used is the plasmid pXL3031 described in the publication Gene Therapy (1999) 6, pp. 1482-1488, which contains the read gene coding for luciferase under the control of the P / E CMV promoter of the cytomegalovirus.
- This plasmid is shown in Figure 7. Its size is 3671 bp.
- the plasmid solution used is diluted to 1.262 g / l in water for injection.
- the protected diol (17) (0.05 g, 0.05 mmol) is dissolved in 1 ml of 1N HCL / THF solution (1/1) at r.t .; the mixture is stirred for 18 hours.
- the crude is then extracted with dichloromethane (2x 5 ml).
- the organic phases are collected and then neutralized with a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- the aqueous phases are extracted with dichloromethane.
- the organic phases are combined and then dried over mgnesium sulphate and then evaporated.
- the crude is chromatographed on C8 reverse phase with a gradient of 100% water to 100% acetonitrile.
- the product (18) is obtained with a yield of 49%.
- the protected diol (19) (0.05 g,. 05 mmol) is dissolved in 1 ml of solution
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to associate with nucleic acids.
- the nucleic acid is brought into contact with increasing amounts of DT-3TU
- samples of 800 ⁇ l of nucleic acid complexes with a concentration of 0.01 ⁇ g / ml are prepared in a 150 mM sodium chloride solution with increasing amounts of DT-3TU (12).
- the slit widths for excitation and emission are set to 5 nm.
- the fluorescence value is recorded after adding 3 ⁇ l of ethidium bromide at 1 g / 1 per ml of DNA / lipid solution (at 0.01 mg of DNA / ml).
- the curve including squares shows that adding an increasing amount of DT-3TU / EPC lipid mixture (0.75 to 20 nmol of DT-3 TU) compared to a fixed amount of acid nucleic acid (8 ⁇ g) induces a decrease in fluorescence linked to the reduction in the insertion of ethidium bromide between the base pairs of DNA.
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the DT-3TU lipid to associate with the nucleic acid.
- the curve including squares shows that adding an increasing amount of DT-3TU / DPPC lipid mixture (0.75 to 20 nmol of DT-3TU) compared to an amount fixed nucleic acid (8 ⁇ g) induced a decrease in fluorescence when an identical amount of ethidium bromide is added to the different samples.
- a control was carried out.
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the DT-3TU lipid to associate with the nucleic acid.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to compact the nucleic acids.
- the gel shows the electrophoretic migration of AD ⁇ when it is not associated with lipids (well 1), then its difference in retention when it is associated with lipids.
- Wells 2 to 6 represent AD ⁇ (0.01 g / 1) associated with increasing amounts of DT-3TU / EPC liposomes: 0.75 then 5 then 10 then 15 and finally 20 nmol of DT-3TU lipid.
- the comparison between well 1 and the other wells indicates that the more the amount of DT-3TU lipid is increased, the more the AD ⁇ is retained on the gel so as to be totally retarded from 3 nmoles of DT-3TU / ⁇ g of DNA, complex aggregation area.
- Wells 8 to 13 correspond respectively to DNA alone (0, lg / l, l ⁇ g for the gel), the lipoplexes formed at the concentration of 0.1 g / 1 of DNA with lipid / DNA ratios: 0.75 or 5 or 10 or 15 and finally 20 nmoles / ⁇ g of DNA. Similarly, it can be observed that at this concentration of DNA compatible with in vivo experiments, the DNA is compacted from the ratio of 5 nmol lipid / ⁇ g of DNA.
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the DT-3TU lipid to compact the nucleic acid.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to compact the nucleic acids while retaining a generally anionic, neutral, or very weakly cationic structure.
- the nucleic acid is brought into contact with increasing amounts of DT-3TU / EPC lipid mixture by equivolumetric mixing of lipid solutions of different titers in the nucleic acid solutions.
- the DT-3TU / EPC liposomes are added to the DNA in a zone ranging from 0.75 nmol to 20 nmol of lipids per ⁇ g of DNA.
- the Zeta potential varies from -35 mV to +15 mV.
- the negative part corresponds to what is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, namely that the Zeta potential is negative when the DNA is not fully compacted.
- the more lipid is added the more the DNA is compacted and the more the Zeta potential approaches zero, the lipoplexes then have an almost zero surface potential.
- the Zeta potential then becomes slightly positive towards 8 mnoles of lipid / ⁇ g of DNA.
- the relativity of this measurement must take into account the comparison of the different samples during the same experiment. It is therefore important to note the evolution of the Zeta potential as a function of the increase in the amount of lipid up to a slightly positive value.
- This example thus confirms the compaction of DNA by the transfecting compounds according to the present invention, in particular DT-3TU, and shows that the lipoplexes formed have a surface potential close to neutrality.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to transfect cells in vitro.
- the cells are washed twice and incubated at 37 ° C with 500 ⁇ l of medium with serum (10% S VF v / v) or without serum.
- the transfected cells are washed twice with 500 ⁇ l of PBS (phosphate buffer) and then lysed with 250 ⁇ l of reagent (Promega cell culture lysis reagent, from the Luciferase Assay System kit).
- luciferase activity is measured by the emission of light in the presence of luciferin, coenzyme A and ATP for 10 seconds and related to 2000 treated cells.
- the luciferase activity is thus expressed in Relative Light Unit (“RLU”: “Relative light unit”) and normalized with the protein concentration of the sample obtained by the use of a Pierce BCA kit (Rockford, IL, USA).
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the absence of toxicity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention.
- the protein level is measured after transfection.
- the transfection protocol is identical to that described for Example 8.
- Protein level determination Briefly, the transfected cells are washed twice with 500 ⁇ l of PBS (phosphate buffer) then lysed with 250 ⁇ l of reagent (Promega cell culture lysis reagent, from the Luciférase Assay System kit).
- PBS phosphate buffer
- reagent Promega cell culture lysis reagent, from the Luciférase Assay System kit.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to associate with nucleic acids.
- the capacity of the DT-3TU diol compound to compact AD ⁇ is shown by an agarose gel (0.8% agarose in TBE 1 ⁇ ) on which different AD scenery / DT-3TUdiol samples are deposited.
- the gel is subjected to an electric current of one and a half hours at 70V and 40 mA in order to migrate the DNA by electrophoresis.
- the bands are revealed with BET and by absorption under a UN lamp.
- the gel shows the electrophoretic migration of DNA when it is not associated with lipids (well 1), then its difference in retention when it is associated with lipids.
- Wells 2 to 5 represent the DNA (0.01 g / 1) associated with DT-3TU / DPPC nanoemulsions (60nmol DT-3TU / ⁇ g of DNA) containing or not calcium and ethanol.
- Well 2 represents 60nmol / ⁇ g of DNA without Ca 2+ , without EtOH, in well 3 was added 2% EtOH, in well 4, 60eq Ca 2+ / PO " DNA, in well 5, 2% EtOH and 60eq of Ca + .
- the comparison between well 1 and the other wells indicates that the various DT-3TU formulations studied delay the migration of DNA onto the gel, which was also obtained after dialysis of the Ca 2 constituents. + and EtOH.
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the DT-3TU lipid incorporated in different formulations to compact the nucleic acid.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to associate with nucleic acids.
- the advantage of inserting cholesterol-PEG in DT-3TU / DPPC formulations comes from the possibility of reducing the particle size to an amount of lipid which would lead to aggregation without insertion of lipid-PEG.
- the advantage is to optimize the quantities of transfectants injected in vivo. Indeed, the particle sizes required to have stealth objects vis-à-vis the serum proteins and thus an increased half-life time in the blood circulation should mainly be less than 500 nm. However, to obtain particle sizes of this order, it is necessary to use at least 40 nmol of DT-3TU lipid / ⁇ g of DNA.
- the insertion of lipid-PEG into DT-3TU lipid formulations makes it possible to reduce the amount of DT-3TU necessary for DNA compaction and the formation of particles predominantly less than 500 nm.
- the gel shows the electrophoretic migration of DNA when it is not associated with lipids (well 1), then its difference in retention when it is associated with lipids.
- Wells 2 to 5 represent DNA (0.01 g / l) associated with increasing amounts of DT-3TU / DPPC nanoemulsions containing or not containing cholesterol-
- well 2 represents 20nmol / ⁇ g of DNA + 15% chol-PEG
- well 3 comprises 20nmol / ⁇ g of DNA + 20% chol-PEG
- well 4 represents 30nmol / ⁇ g of DNA + 15% chol-PEG
- the well 5 represents 20nmol / ⁇ g of DNA + 20% chol-PEG.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to associate with nucleic acids. This can be easily demonstrated by an ethidium bromide fluorescence test: the absence of fluorescence indicates the absence of free nucleic acid, which means that the nucleic acid is compacted by the transfecting compound.
- the nucleic acid is brought into contact with increasing amounts of DT-4TU, by equivolumetric mixing of lipid solutions of different titers in the nucleic acid solutions.
- Samples of 800 ⁇ l of nucleic acid complexes with a concentration of 0.01 ⁇ g / ml are thus prepared in a 150 mM sodium chloride solution with increasing amounts of DT-4TU (15).
- a control was carried out by placing the nucleic acid in the presence of increasing amounts of DT-3TU (12) to compare the complexion efficiencies of a lipid comprising 3 thioureas (see FIG. 2) compared to a lipid carrying 4 thioureas, by equivolumetric mixing of lipid solutions of different titers in nucleic acid solutions.
- samples of 800 ⁇ l of nucleic acid complexes with a concentration of 0.01 ⁇ g / ml are prepared in a solution of 5% glucose with increasing amounts of DPPC.
- Ethidium bromide fluorescence is measured using a FluoroMax-2 (Jobin Yvon-Spex), with excitation and emission wavelengths of 260 nm and 590 nm respectively. The slit widths for excitation and emission are set to 5 nm. The fluorescence value is recorded after adding 3 ⁇ l of ethidium bromide (lg / 1) per ml of DNA / lipid solution (0.01 g / 1 of DNA). The results are summarized in Figure 10.
- the curve including squares shows that the addition of an increasing amount of DT-3TU / DPPC lipid mixture (0.75 to 30 nmol of DT-3TU) relative to a fixed amount of nucleic acid (8 ⁇ g) induced a decrease in fluorescence linked to the reduction in the insertion of ethidium bromide between the base pairs of DNA. This indicates that the association between the DT-3TU / DPPC liposomes and the DNA is strong enough to exclude ethidium bromide from the complexes. We were thus able to obtain 70%> of DNA compaction using 30 nmol of DT-3TU / DPPC lipids per ⁇ g of DNA.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to protect the nucleic acids from enzymatic hydrolysis including DNases.
- DNA in the lipid complexes DT-3TU is is therefore not accessible to enzymatic hydrolysis, it is protected from the hydrolysis of DNases.
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the lipid DT-3TU to protect the nucleic acid from enzymatic hydrolysis.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to protect the nucleic acids from degradation in a serum medium.
- the gel shows the electrophoretic migration of the control AD ⁇ (well 1), then its difference in retention when it has been treated, not complexed, in saline medium (150 mM
- This example thus illustrates the capacity of the DT-3TU lipid to protect the nucleic acid from degradation in serum.
- the purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to transfect biological tissues in vivo.
- mice After euthanasia of the mice 96 hours post-injection, the muscles are removed and ground in 1 ml of lysis buffer. After centrifugation (10 min., 12000 rpm, 4 ° C), 10 ⁇ l of supernatant are removed and deposited in 96-well plates for reading the luciferase after addition of 50 ⁇ l of the luciferase substrate. The arbitrary level of luminescence is read in the supernatant using a luminometer (Wallac, Victor).
- the values obtained are indicated in FIG. 13. They represent the levels of expression relative to the dose of lipid associated with the nucleic acid, 20 and 40 nmol of lipid DT-3TU / ⁇ g of DNA. The expression levels obtained are significant, and higher than the background brait represented by the muscle taken as control which corresponds to 5.10 4 . DNA complexed by different amounts of DT-3TU lipid is therefore capable of transfecting muscle tissue with a significant level of transfection.
- This example illustrates the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to transfect tissues in vivo.
- EXAMPLE 16 In Vivo Biodistribution of DT-3TU / DPPC / DNA Complexes The purpose of this example is to illustrate the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to circulate for a long time in circulation in vivo because of their neutral character.
- the blood is drawn by intracardiac puncture on anesthetized mice. After euthanasia of the mice, the liver, spleen and lungs are immediately removed, weighed and homogenized in PBS (5 ⁇ l / mg of tissue). The lipids are extracted from 100 ⁇ l of blood and organ homogenates with 3 ml of a 1/1 mixture of chloroform and methanol by vigorous stirring for 30 min and then by centrifugation. The fluorescence is read in the supernatant using a FluoroMax-2 (Jobin Yvon-Spex), with excitation and emission wavelengths of 550 nm and 590 nm respectively. The slit widths for excitation and emission are set to 5 nm.
- the values obtained are indicated in FIG. 14. They represent the percentage of the injected dose obtained in the blood, the lungs and the reticuloendothelial system (cumulative liver and spleen) 30 minutes, 1 h and 6 h after injection.
- the measurement of fluorescence in the blood after 30 minutes represents 50% of the dose injected, which is much higher than what can be obtained with cationic type DNA surfactants.
- After 1 hour, 17% of the injected dose could be found, which again represents a remarkable improvement compared to cationic complexes.
- the neutral nature of these lipid / DNA complexes (very weakly zeta positive: FIG. 4) therefore has a real advantage for obtaining stealth particles with serum proteins. It should also limit their interactions with macrophages and kupffer cells of the spleen and liver, which may explain the amount of liposome found in 30 min and 1 h in the blood.
- the amount of lipoplex found in the lung is low compared to that found in the case of cationic lipoplexes.
- the neutrality of these liposomes should also decrease non-specific interactions with the negative endothelium of the lungs.
- This example illustrates the capacity of the transfecting compounds according to the invention to be stealthy with respect to serum proteins.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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EP02727706A EP1390345A1 (fr) | 2001-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Derives lipidiques de polythiouree |
AU2002257904A AU2002257904B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Polythiourea lipid derivatives |
JP2002589444A JP4276439B2 (ja) | 2001-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | ポリチオ尿素の脂質誘導体 |
CA2446951A CA2446951C (fr) | 2001-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Derives lipidiques de polythiouree |
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FR01/06330 | 2001-05-14 | ||
FR0106330A FR2824557B1 (fr) | 2001-05-14 | 2001-05-14 | Derives lipidiques de polythiouree |
US29748201P | 2001-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | |
US60/297,482 | 2001-06-13 |
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JP (1) | JP4276439B2 (fr) |
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CN110551274A (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-12-10 | 中山大学 | 一种本征型自修复和可回收的聚硫脲聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (2)
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WO1997018185A1 (fr) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-22 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Lipopolymamines comme agents de transfection et leurs applications pharmaceutiques |
WO1997031935A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-04 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Composes apparentes a la famille des amidiniums, compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant et leurs applications |
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2002
- 2002-05-14 CA CA2446951A patent/CA2446951C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-14 EP EP02727706A patent/EP1390345A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-14 AU AU2002257904A patent/AU2002257904B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-05-14 JP JP2002589444A patent/JP4276439B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-14 WO PCT/FR2002/001626 patent/WO2002092558A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997018185A1 (fr) * | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-22 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Lipopolymamines comme agents de transfection et leurs applications pharmaceutiques |
WO1997031935A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-04 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Composes apparentes a la famille des amidiniums, compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant et leurs applications |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110551274A (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-12-10 | 中山大学 | 一种本征型自修复和可回收的聚硫脲聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110551274B (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2020-06-16 | 中山大学 | 一种本征型自修复和可回收的聚硫脲聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4276439B2 (ja) | 2009-06-10 |
AU2002257904B2 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
JP2005511484A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
EP1390345A1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 |
CA2446951A1 (fr) | 2002-11-21 |
CA2446951C (fr) | 2012-07-10 |
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